refactor(sdk-trace-base): update semconv usage to ATTR_ exports

[trentm]

Refs: #4896

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 95.03%. Comparing base (bc8c94e) to head (57e40d7).
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #5669      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   95.03%   95.03%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         310      310              
  Lines        7990     7988       -2     
  Branches     1609     1607       -2     
==========================================
- Hits         7593     7591       -2     
  Misses        397      397              

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/Span.ts	97.67% <100.00%> (-0.03%)	⬇️

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