Refrigerators operate based on the principles of thermodynamics and use a closed-loop system called a refrigeration cycle to remove heat from inside the contents of the fridge the main components of a refrigerator include a compressor an condenser an expansion valve and an evaporator 1. Compressor the compressor is the heart of the refrigeration system it is usually located at the back of the refrigerator it’s main function is to compress refrigerant gas which increases its pressure and temperature before sending it to the condenser. 2. The condenser is a coiled pipe or set of tubes with fins typically located at the back or underneath the refrigerator when the refrigerant gas leaves the compressor it enters the condenser as the hot gas flows through the condenser it releases heat to the surroundings causing it to cool down and condense into a high pressure liquid the fins on the condenser increase the surface area and help dissipate heat faster 3. Expansion valve after leaving the condenser the high pressure liquid refrigerant Moves into a small opening called the expansion valve or thermal expansion valve this valve reduces the pressure and temperature of the liquid refrigerant 4. Evaporator the cooled and low pressure liquid refrigerant now enters the evaporator which is typically located inside the refrigerator the evaporator consists of a network of small tubes or coils that are designed to maximize surface area as the liquid refrigerant passes through the evaporator it absorbs heat from the contents of the fridge causing it to evaporate into a low pressure gas this absorption of heat cools the inside of the refrigerator 5. Compressor (again) the low pressure gas refrigerant from the evaporator returns to the compressor and the cycle repeats the compressor raises the pressure and temperature of the gas restarting the process Additionally refrigerators use fans to circulate air inside the appliance these fans aid in distributing the cool air evenly ensuring all items in the refrigerator are kept at the desired temperature the refrigeration cycle operates continuously with the compressor acting as the primary driver of the system it maintains a constant temperature inside the refrigerator by removing heat from the interior and expelling it out through the condenser to summarize refrigerators function by removing heat from the interior using a refrigeration cycle the process involves compressing the refrigerant gas condensing it into a liquid expanding it to lower pressure and temperature And then evaporating it to remove the contents inside the fridge.