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Arti Memorial

The document summarizes arguments related to a case before the International Criminal Court Appeals Chamber regarding the situation of aggression against Bravos. It discusses three key issues: [1] Whether evidence seized from the defendant's home must be excluded, [2] Whether the facts constituted a manifest violation of the UN Charter required to prosecute the crime of aggression, and [3] Whether a lawyer who provided one-sided advice to justify an armed attack can be prosecuted for aiding and abetting aggression. It then provides summaries of the written arguments submitted on these issues.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
133 views6 pages

Arti Memorial

The document summarizes arguments related to a case before the International Criminal Court Appeals Chamber regarding the situation of aggression against Bravos. It discusses three key issues: [1] Whether evidence seized from the defendant's home must be excluded, [2] Whether the facts constituted a manifest violation of the UN Charter required to prosecute the crime of aggression, and [3] Whether a lawyer who provided one-sided advice to justify an armed attack can be prosecuted for aiding and abetting aggression. It then provides summaries of the written arguments submitted on these issues.

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annisa caroline
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Arti Memorial

THE APPEALS CHAMBER


SITUATION RELATING TO THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION AGAINST BRAVOS
(SITUASI BANDING YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN KEJAHATAN AGRESI
TERHADAP BRAVOS)
Table of contents (daftar isi)
STATEMENT OF FACTS (PERNYATAAN FAKTA)
ISSUES (MASALAH)
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENTS (INTISARI ARGUMEN)
WRITTEN ARGUMENTS (ARGUMEN TERTULIS)

STATEMENT OF FACTS
Background (latar belakang/kronologi kasus)
ISSUES
- Whether evidence seized from the home of the Defendant under the circumstances described in
the Pre-Trial Chamber’s opinion must be excluded under Article 69(7) of the ICC Statute.
- Whether the facts described in the Pre-Trial Chamber’s decision were of the “character, gravity
and scale” to “constitute a manifest violation of the Charter of the United Nations” as required
for the prosecution of the crime of Aggression under Article 8bis of the ICC Statute.
- Whether a lawyer who on commission provides the government one-sided legal advice
calculated to justify an armed attack on another State can be prosecuted for aiding and abetting
the Crime of Aggression under Article 25(3)(c) of the ICC Statute.
( Apakah bukti yang disita dari rumah Tergugat dalam keadaan yang dijelaskan dalam pendapat
Majelis Pra-Pengadilan harus dikeluarkan berdasarkan Pasal 69 (7) Statuta ICC.
Apakah fakta-fakta yang diuraikan dalam keputusan Kamar Pra-Pengadilan adalah dari
"karakter, gravitasi dan skala" untuk "merupakan pelanggaran nyata dari Piagam PBB"
sebagaimana diperlukan untuk penuntutan kejahatan Agresi berdasarkan Pasal 8bis dari Statuta
ICC. Apakah seorang pengacara yang bertugas memberikan
saran hukum sepihak pemerintah yang diperhitungkan untuk membenarkan serangan bersenjata
terhadap Negara lain dapat dituntut karena membantu dan bersekongkol dengan Kejahatan
Agresi berdasarkan Pasal 25 (3) (c) Statuta ICC.)
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENTS
I. Right to privacy is an international recognized human right since it is recognized under the
ICCPR as per the Rome Statute. Furthermore, it has been previously recognized by the
International Criminal Court and ad hoc tribunals. The illegal search and seizure conducted by
the Cilanta police violated the Defendant’s right to privacy since it was unlawful, arbitrary and
disproportionate. Admission of such evidence would be antithetical to and seriously damage the
integrity of the proceedings since the violations were serious in nature owing to the
circumstances of the search and the breach of confidentiality.
II. The use of force in pursuance of the right to humanitarian intervention did not amount to an
act of aggression. This is because the airstrikes conducted were in conformity with the principles
of the UN Charter. Additionally, there exists a customary right to humanitarian intervention and
the said use of force constituted genuine humanitarian intervention. In any event, the airstrikes
did not rise to the level of crime of aggression. This is because the use of force was not a
manifest violation of the UN Charter and the requirements of character and gravity, scale was not
satisfied.
III. A lawyer under the given circumstances cannot be prosecuted for aiding and abetting the
crime of aggression since the appropriate standard is the ability to control or direct a State’s
political or military action. The previously established standards of ‘control’ may be applied in
determining the present case while the shape or influence standard cannot be used. Furthermore,
the subjective elements required for aiding and abetting are not met in the present case.
( I. Hak atas privasi adalah hak asasi manusia yang diakui internasional karena hak tersebut
diakui berdasarkan ICCPR sesuai dengan Statuta Roma. Selain itu, sebelumnya telah diakui oleh
Pengadilan Kriminal Internasional dan pengadilan ad hoc. Pencarian ilegal dan penyitaan yang
dilakukan oleh polisi Cilanta melanggar hak terdakwa untuk privasi karena itu melanggar
hukum, sewenang-wenang dan tidak proporsional. Penerimaan bukti-bukti semacam itu akan
bertentangan dengan dan merusak integritas proses secara serius karena pelanggarannya bersifat
serius karena keadaan pencarian dan pelanggaran kerahasiaan. II Penggunaan kekuatan dalam
mengejar hak atas intervensi kemanusiaan tidak sama dengan tindakan agresi. Ini karena
serangan udara yang dilakukan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Piagam PBB. Selain itu, ada hak
adat untuk intervensi kemanusiaan dan penggunaan kekuatan tersebut merupakan intervensi
kemanusiaan asli. Bagaimanapun, serangan udara tidak naik ke tingkat kejahatan agresi. Ini
karena penggunaan kekuatan bukanlah pelanggaran nyata Piagam PBB dan persyaratan karakter
dan gravitasi, skala tidak puas. III. Seorang pengacara dalam keadaan tertentu tidak dapat
dituntut karena membantu dan bersekongkol dengan kejahatan agresi karena standar yang sesuai
adalah kemampuan untuk mengendalikan atau mengarahkan tindakan politik atau militer Negara.
Standar 'kontrol' yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya dapat diterapkan dalam menentukan kasus ini
sementara standar bentuk atau pengaruh tidak dapat digunakan. Lebih lanjut, elemen subyektif
yang diperlukan untuk membantu dan bersekongkol tidak terpenuhi dalam kasus ini.)
D. WRITTEN ARGUMENTS
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS
1. The present appeal has been preferred by Dr. Dani Targarian (“Defendant”) pursuant to Art.
82(1) of the Rome Statute to the International Criminal Court (“the Statute”).1 At the outset, the
Defence wishes to make the following preliminary submissions.
i. Standard of Review on Appeal
2. An appeal may deal with errors of law, fact or procedure,2 and if they materially affect the
impugned decision, the Appeals Chamber (“AC”) must intervene and rectify their effects.3 The
following submissions shall highlight the material defects in the decision of the Pre-Trial
Chamber VI (“PTC”).
ii. Applicable Standard of Proof
3. The rules governing submissions and procedure before the PTC are applicable mutatis
mutandis to the proceedings before AC.5 The AC must adopt the same standard of proof that is
applicable to the PTC,6 which is that of “sufficient evidence to establish substantial grounds to
believe”. iii. The principle of nullum crimen sine lege must be
applied to the present matter
(( ARGUMEN TERTULIS)
( PENGAMATAN AWAL)
(Banding saat ini telah dipilih oleh Dr. Dani Targarian (“Tergugat”) sesuai dengan Art. 82 (1)
Statuta Roma ke Mahkamah Pidana Internasional (“Statuta”) .
1 Pada awalnya, Pertahanan ingin mengajukan pengajuan pendahuluan berikut. saya. Standar
Peninjauan Banding
2. Banding dapat menangani kesalahan hukum, fakta atau prosedur dan jika mereka secara
material mempengaruhi keputusan yang melanggar, Kamar Banding ("AC") harus melakukan
intervensi dan memperbaiki efeknya. Pengajuan berikut akan menyoroti cacat material dalam
keputusan Kamar Pra-Pengadilan VI (“PTC”) Standar Bukti yang Berlaku
3. Aturan yang mengatur pengajuan dan prosedur sebelum PTC berlaku mutatis mutandis untuk
proses sebelum AC.5 AC harus mengadopsi standar bukti yang sama yang berlaku untuk PTC, 6
yaitu “bukti yang cukup untuk membangun alasan substansial untuk percaya ”.3 Prinsip nullum
crimen sine lege harus diterapkan untuk masalah ini. )).
PLEADINGS AND AUTHORITY
•. WAR CRIME OF OUTRAGES UPON PERSONAL DIGNITY
1. The Required Elements of Crimes Are Not Satisfied. The crime under EoC Article 8(2)(c)(ii)
requires six elements, two of which are unsatisfied.
1.1 Detainees were not humiliated, degraded or violated. The European Court of Human Rights
(ECtHR) defined ‘‘degrading’’ as humiliating and debasing the person concerned.16
Additionally, it must be a gross humiliation of the victim publicly or drive one to act against
one’s will.17 As for mens rea, the perpetrator must know that the act or omission could have
such effect.18 Additionally, Additional Protocol II (AP II) provides that men and women shall be
separately detained within the limits of capabilities.19 The ICRC reported that because female
involvement in conflicts is low, it is hard to always provide separate facilities for women. In this
case, based on the circumstances, fair treatment was provided as much as possible and no ill-
treatment occurred according to the declaration of NCC spokesmen. Furthermore, as the multiple
threats to Katoland’s security required immediate measures, separate and spacious detention
facilities in Argus and Corti thus could not be obtained in such a short time.
1.2 The act did not constitute an outrage upon personal dignity.
In Aleksovski, the ICTY considered two elements to determine severity of suffering: the victim’s
temperament or sensitivity (subjectivity) and the act’s general acceptability (objectivity). 22
Additionally, the ICTY confirmed that mere inconvenience or discomfort to victims is not
enough; rather, the acts should be “physical and psychological abuse and outrages that any
human being would have experienced as such”.In this case, although the detention reportedly did
not separate genders and was overcrowded, which might cause inconvenience and discomfort, no
sufficient evidence shows the violations reached the requisite levels. Furthermore, the reports
were only released by NGO and cannot exclude reasonable doubt. Jones Is Not Responsible
under Article 28(a). In Bemba, “effective control” is an element of responsibility and must be
obtained by modality, manner or nature by a commander over his forces or subordinates. In
Hadzihasanovic, simply exercising influence is insufficient. Blaskic held that the commander
must have effective control over his personnel, and whether the personnel had control is
irrelevant. Furthermore, effective control must have existed when the crime was committed. In
this case, the KAF and KESA, rather than Jones, were in charge of the detention. Appointed as
Vice-Chairman of the NCC, Jones welcomed the assistance of the KAF and KESA, but did not
have effective control over them. Additionally, after approaching Corti, Jones and the KAF
issued separate statements. Thus, Jones lacked control at the time.
•. WAR CRIME OF ATTACKING OBJECTS OR PERSONS USING THE DISTINCTIVE
EMBLEMS OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS
1. The Required Elements of Crimes Are Not Satisfied. The crime under EoC Article 8(2)(e)(ii)
requires four elements, two of which are unsatisfied. 1.1 Protected objects or persons were not
attacked. 1.1.1 Protection no longer existed.
AP II declares that medical personnel cannot carry out tasks incompatible with their
humanitarian mission, and that when they cease their humanitarian function and commit hostile
acts, their protection ends. The ICRC confirmed this rule and further explained that medical units
are not protected by the emblem per se, but by their humanitarian function. Moreover, the
improper use of the emblem is prohibited. In this case, the Drak militias used medical vehicles to
evacuate the town and transport armed men and ammunition, as well as conduct attacks. The
function of the ambulances thus changed to military use, and the protection ended.
1.1.2 There was no attack. Additional Protocol I (AP I) defines “attack” as acts of violence
against enemies.
( PERMOHONAN DAN OTORITAS. PERANG KEJAHATAN PERANGKAT LUNAK PADA
KEJADIAN PRIBADI
1. Unsur Kejahatan yang Diperlukan Tidak Puas. Kejahatan berdasarkan EoC Pasal 8 (2) (c) (ii)
membutuhkan enam elemen, dua di antaranya tidak puas.
1.1 Tahanan tidak dihina, direndahkan atau dilanggar. Pengadilan Eropa untuk Hak Asasi
Manusia (ECtHR) mendefinisikan 'merendahkan' sebagai memalukan dan merendahkan orang
yang bersangkutan. Selain itu, itu harus menjadi penghinaan besar bagi korban di depan umum
atau mendorong seseorang untuk bertindak melawan kehendak seseorang. Adapun mens rea, the
pelaku harus tahu bahwa tindakan atau kelalaian dapat memiliki efek seperti itu. Selain itu,
Protokol II Tambahan (AP II) menyatakan bahwa pria dan wanita harus terpisah ditahan dalam
batas kemampuan. ICRC melaporkan itu karena perempuan keterlibatan dalam konflik rendah,
sulit untuk selalu menyediakan fasilitas terpisah untuk wanita. Dalam hal ini, berdasarkan
keadaan, perlakuan adil diberikan sebanyak mungkin dan tidak ada perlakuan buruk yang terjadi
sesuai dengan deklarasi NCC juru bicara. Selain itu, diperlukan beberapa ancaman terhadap
keamanan Katoland tindakan segera, fasilitas penahanan terpisah dan luas di Argus dan Corti
dengan demikian tidak dapat diperoleh dalam waktu yang singkat.
1.2 Tindakan itu bukan merupakan kemarahan atas martabat pribadi. Di Aleksovski, ICTY
mempertimbangkan dua elemen untuk menentukan tingkat keparahan penderitaan: temperamen
atau sensitivitas korban (subjektivitas) dan tindakan umum penerimaan (objektivitas). Selain itu,
ICTY menegaskan hal itu semata ketidaknyamanan atau ketidaknyamanan bagi para korban
tidak cukup; melainkan, tindakannya seharusnya “Pelecehan fisik dan psikologis dan kemarahan
yang dimiliki manusia mana pun berpengalaman seperti itu ”. Dalam kasus ini, meskipun
penahanan dilaporkan tidak memisahkan jenis kelamin dan itu terlalu padat, yang dapat
menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan dan ketidaknyamanan, tidak cukup bukti menunjukkan
pelanggaran mencapai tingkat yang dipersyaratkan. Selanjutnya, laporannya hanya dirilis oleh
LSM dan tidak bisa mengecualikan keraguan yang wajar.
2. Jones Tidak Bertanggung jawab berdasarkan Pasal 28 (a). Di Bemba, “kontrol efektif” adalah
elemen tanggung jawab dan harus diperoleh oleh modalitas, cara atau sifat oleh komandan atas
pasukannya atau bawahannya Dalam Hadzihasanovic, hanya menjalankan pengaruh tidak
cukup.28 Blaskic berpendapat bahwa Komandan harus memiliki kontrol yang efektif terhadap
personelnya, dan apakah personelnya memiliki kontrol tidak relevan. Selanjutnya, kontrol yang
efektif harus ada Ketika kejahatan dilakukan. Dalam hal ini, KAF dan KESA, bukan Jones, yang
bertanggung jawab atas penahanan. Diangkat sebagai Wakil Ketua NCC, Jones menyambut
bantuan KAF dan KESA, tetapi tidak memiliki kontrol yang efektif terhadap mereka. Selain itu,
setelah mendekati Corti, Jones dan KAF mengeluarkan pernyataan terpisah.34 Dengan demikian,
Jones kurang kontrol pada saat itu.
•. PERANGKAT KEJAHATAN SERANGAN OBYEK ATAU ORANG YANG
MENGGUNAKAN EMBLEM DISTINKTIF DARI KONVENSI GENEVA
1. Unsur Kejahatan yang Diperlukan Tidak Puas. Kejahatan berdasarkan EoC Pasal 8 (2) (e) (ii)
membutuhkan empat elemen, dua di antaranya tidak puas. 1.1 Benda atau orang yang dilindungi
tidak diserang. 1.1.1 Perlindungan tidak lagi ada. AP II menyatakan bahwa tenaga medis tidak
dapat melakukan tugas yang tidak sesuai dengan tugas mereka misi kemanusiaan, dan ketika
mereka menghentikan fungsi kemanusiaan mereka dan melakukan tindakan bermusuhan,
perlindungan mereka berakhir. ICRC mengkonfirmasi aturan ini dan lebih lanjut menjelaskan
bahwa unit medis tidak dilindungi oleh lambang itu sendiri, tetapi oleh fungsi kemanusiaan
mereka. Selain itu, penggunaan lambang yang tidak tepat adalah dilarang. Dalam kasus ini,
milisi Drak menggunakan kendaraan medis untuk mengevakuasi kota dan mengangkut orang-
orang bersenjata dan amunisi, serta melakukan serangan. Fungsi dengan demikian ambulans
berubah menjadi penggunaan militer, dan perlindungan berakhir. 1.1.2 Tidak ada serangan.
Protokol Tambahan I (AP I) mendefinisikan "serangan" sebagai tindakan kekerasan terhadap
musuh. )

PRAYER

Based on the rules and evidence stated above, the Defendant respectfully requests this Honorable
Court to adjudge and declare that Colonel Calley Jones is not criminally responsible under the
Rome Statute. ( DOA Berdasarkan aturan dan bukti yang dinyatakan di atas, Tergugat dengan
hormat meminta ini Pengadilan yang terhormat untuk mengadili dan menyatakan bahwa Kolonel
Calley Jones bukan penjahat bertanggung jawab berdasarkan Statuta Roma.)

RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED,
Counsel for the Defence

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