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GENMATH ABM Boyle - Logarithmic Inequalities and Their Graphs

Logarithmic inequalities involve logarithms on one or both sides of an inequality. There are several key points about logarithmic inequalities: 1. If the base is greater than 1, the logarithm is increasing, so the side with the larger exponent is larger. If the base is between 0 and 1, the logarithm is decreasing. 2. Inequalities with the same base can be solved directly. If bases are different but related, the change of base formula can be used. 3. For inequalities with multiple terms, it is best to assign variables to logarithmic terms and solve resulting single-term inequalities. 4. The solution set is represented on a number line,

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138 views

GENMATH ABM Boyle - Logarithmic Inequalities and Their Graphs

Logarithmic inequalities involve logarithms on one or both sides of an inequality. There are several key points about logarithmic inequalities: 1. If the base is greater than 1, the logarithm is increasing, so the side with the larger exponent is larger. If the base is between 0 and 1, the logarithm is decreasing. 2. Inequalities with the same base can be solved directly. If bases are different but related, the change of base formula can be used. 3. For inequalities with multiple terms, it is best to assign variables to logarithmic terms and solve resulting single-term inequalities. 4. The solution set is represented on a number line,

Uploaded by

Kaela Samonte
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Boyle

ABM GROUP

Logarithmic
Inequalities and
its Graphs
Introduction
Logarithmic Inequalities
Inequalities with a logarithm on one (or both)
sides.

They are helpful in evaluating situations involving


repeated multiplication, such as in the cases of
interest and exponential decay, just as exponential
inequalities.
If a > 1 and x > y, then logax > log a y.
Otherwise, if 0<a<1, then logax < loga y.

The base of a logarithm can't be 1 or a


nonpositive number. Likewise, the converse is
true as well.

If a > 1 and logax > logay, then x > y.


Otherwise, if 0<a<1, then x < y.
Remember

f(x) = logax is monotonically increasing (x and


f(x) have a direct relationship) when a > 1,
monotonically decreasing (x and f(x) have an
inverse relationship) when 0 < a < 1.

The domains of the logarithm is positive.


Logarithmic Inequalities

Same Base
Same Base
You can apply what you've learned from the introduction when a > 1.

log 3( 3x + 1 ) > log3( x - 3 )


1. Find the domains: 2. Solve for x. 3. Find the intersection

{ x > -2
3x + 1 > 0 3x + 1 > x - 3 x>3
x > -1/3 (negative) 3x + 1 - x - 1 > x - 3 - x - 1
2x > -4
2x(1/2) > -4(1/2) x>3
x-3>0 x > -2
x>3 4. Final Answer:
Inequality Form: x > 3
Interval Notation: (-3, +∞)
Logarithmic
Inequalities -
Base less than 1
Bases Less than 1

When it comes to Logarithmic inequalities with the


case that the bases are less than 1, the larger side is
the one with the smaller exponent.
Example:

log 1/2 (3x) > log (2x + 3)


1/2
Bases Less than 1
Example: log (3x) > log (2x + 3)
1/2 1/2
3x > 0
_
1 log 1/2 (3x)
> _
log
1 1/2 (2x + 3)
2x + 3 > 0
2 2
_
1 log1/2 (3x) > _
log
1 1/2 (2x + 3) Final Answer:
Inequality Form:
2 2
0<x<3
3x < (2x + 3) x<3 Interval Notation:
(0,3)
Logarithmic
Inequalities -
Similar Base
Logarithmic Inequalities - Similar Base

In many inequalities, the bases are different but can be


rewritten in terms of the same base. For example:
2
log 2 (x+1) > log 4 (x )

Here, the bases are different, but they are related by the fact that
2
4=2 . Rewriting the inequality to use 4 as a base gives:
2 2
log 4 ((x+1) ) > log 4 (x )
Logarithmic Inequalities - Similar Base

2 2
log 4 ((x+1) ) > log 4 (x )
x ≠ -1, x ≠ 0
2 2 Combine the intervals:
(x+1) > x
Find the domains: 1
2 < x < 0 or x > 0
Rewrite in standard form Final Answer:
2
2x + 1 > 0 x >0 Inequality Form:
1
2x + 1 - 1 > 0 - 1 x < 0 or x > 0 2
< x < 0 or x > 0

Interval Notation:
2x > -1 (- 21 ,0) U (0,∞)
x > - 21
Inequality Form:
1
2
< x < 0 or x > 0

Interval Notation:
Final
Answer (- ,0) U (0,+∞)
1
2
Logarithmic Inequalities

Different
Base
Change of Base Formula

logc b Rearranging any log by making a


a logc a fraction with the log of the argument
in the numerator and the log of the
base in the denominator.

log π
Example: log2 π =
log 2
Different Base
What values of x must satisfy the following inequality:

log7 (x+5) > log 5 (x+5) Hence,


log (x+5) log (x+5)
log 7
> log 5
Use the change of base formula:
log (x+5) log (x+5) < 0
log7(x+5) =
log 7
Solve: Inequality Form:
log (x+5) x+5 < 1 -5 < x < -4
log5(x+5) = x < -4
log 5 Interval Notation:
(-5, -4)
Logarithmic Inequalities:
Multiple Terms
In the case of multiple terms, it is generally worth assigning another
variable to a logarithmic term, solving the resulting inequality, and
then working with the single-term inequality.
In the case of an inequality chain, it is usually appropriate to treat
each inequality separately, then combine the results.

Example

log2 (x) + 2
(log 2(x)) > 6
Let y = log 2 (x), => y + y 2 > 6 => y2 + y > 6
y2 + y - 6 > 0
(y + 3)(y - 2) > 0
Example
y+3<0 y-2 >0
y + 3 -3 < 0 - 3 y-2+2>0+2
y<-3 y>2
Example
y+3<0 y-2 >0
y + 3 -3 < 0 - 3 y-2+2>0+2
y<-3 y>2
2
log 2 (x) > 2 => x > 2 => x > 4
log 2 (x) > log 24 => x > 4
Example
-3 1 1
log2 (x) < - 3 => x < 2 => x < 2 => x < 8
3

1 1
log2 (x) < log 2(8) => x < 8

1 1
0 < x < 8 or x > 4 (0, 8) U (4, )
Inequality Form:
1
0 < x < 8 or x > 4

Final Interval Notation:


Answer 1
(0, 8) U (4, )
Logarithmic Inequalities

Graphs
(Number Line)
Number Line
Close - the shaded circle indicates that a
Basic Terms value is included in the solution.

Open - the hollow circle indicates that a value


is NOT included in the solution.
Example: x > 3
| | | | | |
Examples
0 3
Example: x ≥3
Examples
| | | | | | |
0 3
log2 (2x+3) > log 2 (x-2)
2x + 3 > x - 2 subtract x to both sides

x+3>-2 subtract 3 to both sides

x > -5
log2 (2x+3) > log 2 (x-2)
2x + 3 > 0 x-2>0
subtract 3 to both sides add 2 to both sides
2x > -3 x>2
divide both sides by 2

x > -3/2
Number Line

| | | | | | | | | | | |
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Number Line

| | | | | | | | | | | |
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Number Line

| | | | | | | | | | | | |
-3/2
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Number Line

| | | | | | | | | | | | |
-3/2
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Number Line

| | | | | | | | | | | | |
-3/2
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Number Line
Final Answer:
x>2 (2, +∞)

| | | | | | | | | | | | |
-3/2
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
Thank You
SEE YOU NEXT TIME

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