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Dictionaries

Dictionaries in Python allow storing elements with keys of any type and values of any type. They can contain unique keys mapped to values, which can be accessed or modified by indexing the dictionary with keys. Elements can be added, retrieved, updated, or deleted. Dictionaries support various functions and can be iterated over or nested.

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51 views

Dictionaries

Dictionaries in Python allow storing elements with keys of any type and values of any type. They can contain unique keys mapped to values, which can be accessed or modified by indexing the dictionary with keys. Elements can be added, retrieved, updated, or deleted. Dictionaries support various functions and can be iterated over or nested.

Uploaded by

Sam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Dictionaries

• In Python, you can use a dictionary to store elements with keys of any
types (not necessarily only integers like lists and tuples) and values of
any types as well
45 “Coding” 4.5 7 89
“NUM” 1000 2000 3.4 “XXX”

keys of different types Values of different types

• The above dictionary can be defined in Python as follows:


dic = {"NUM":45, 1000:"coding", 2000:4.5, 3.4:7, "XXX":89}
key value
Each element is a key:value pair, and elements are separated by commas
Dictionaries
• In summary, dictionaries:
• Can contain any and different types of elements (i.e., keys and values)
• Can contain only unique keys but duplicate values

dic2 = {"a":1, "a":2, "b":2}


Output: {'a': 2, 'b': 2}
print(dic2)

The element “a”:2 will override the element “a”:1


because only ONE element can have key “a”

• Can be indexed but only through keys (i.e., dic2[“a”] will return 1 but dic2[0]
will return an error since there is no element with key 0 in dic2 above)
Dictionaries
• In summary, dictionaries:
• CANNOT be concatenated
• CANNOT be repeated
• Can be nested (e.g., d = {"first":{1:1}, "second":{2:"a"}}
• Can be passed to a function and will result in a pass-by-reference and not
pass-by-value behavior since it is immutable (like lists)
def func1(d):
d["first"] = [1, 2, 3]
Output:
dic = {"first":{1:1}, {'first': {1: 1}, 'second': {2: 'a'}}
"second":{2:"a"}} {'first': [1, 2, 3], 'second': {2: 'a'}}
print(dic)
func1(dic)
print(dic)
Dictionaries
• In summary, dictionaries:
• Can be iterated over
dic = {"first": 1, "second": 2, "third": 3}
for i in dic:
print(i)

first ONLY the keys will be returned.


Output: second
third How to get the values?
Dictionaries
• In summary, dictionaries:
• Can be iterated over
dic = {"first": 1, "second": 2, "third": 3}
for i in dic:
print(dic[i])

1
Output: 2 Values can be accessed via indexing!
3
Adding Elements to a Dictionary
• How to add elements to a dictionary?
• By indexing the dictionary via a key and assigning a corresponding value
dic = {"first": 1, "second": 2, "third": 3}
print(dic)
dic["fourth"] = 4
print(dic)

{'first': 1, 'second': 2, 'third': 3}


Output:
{'first': 1, 'second': 2, 'third': 3, 'fourth': 4}
Adding Elements to a Dictionary
• How to add elements to a dictionary?
• By indexing the dictionary via a key and assigning a corresponding value
dic = {"first": 1, "second": 2, "third": 3}
print(dic)
dic[”second"] = 4 If the key already exists,
print(dic) the value will be overridden

{'first': 1, 'second': 2, 'third': 3}


Output:
{'first': 1, 'second’: 4, 'third': 3}
Deleting Elements to a Dictionary
• How to delete elements in a dictionary?
• By using del

dic = {"first": 1, "second": 2, "third": 3} Output:


print(dic)
dic["fourth"] = 4 {'first': 1, 'second': 2, 'third': 3}
print(dic) {'first': 1, 'second': 2, 'third': 3, 'fourth': 4}
del dic["first"] {'second': 2, 'third': 3, 'fourth': 4}
print(dic)
Deleting Elements to a Dictionary
• How to delete elements in a dictionary?
• Or by using the function pop(key)

dic = {"first": 1, "second": 2, "third": 3} Output:


print(dic)
dic["fourth"] = 4 {'first': 1, 'second': 2, 'third': 3}
print(dic) {'first': 1, 'second': 2, 'third': 3, 'fourth': 4}
dic.pop(“first”) {'second': 2, 'third': 3, 'fourth': 4}
print(dic)
Dictionary Functions
• Many other functions can also be used with dictionaries

Function Description
dic.clear() Removes all the elements from dictionary dic
dic.copy() Returns a copy of dictionary dic
dic.items() Returns a list containing a tuple for each key-value pair in
dictionary dic
dic.get(k) Returns the value of the specified key k from dictionary dic
dic.keys() Returns a list containing all the keys of dictionary dic
dic.pop(k) Removes the element with the specified key k from dictionary dic
Dictionary Functions
• Many other functions can also be used with dictionaries

Function Description
dic.popitem() Removes the last inserted key-value pair in dictionary dic
dic.values() Returns a list of all the values in dictionary dic

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