Tools for Data Science

Glossary

Term Definition
Apache MLlib Language that makes machine learning scalable
Apache Spark A general-purpose cluster-computing framework allowing
you to process data using compute clusters
API Application programming interface allows communication
between two pieces of software
Caffe A deep learning algorithm repository built with C++
with Python and Matlab bindings
CDLA Community Data License Agreement
Classification models Are used to predict whether some information or data
belongs to a category (or “class”)
CLI Command line interface
C++ A general-purpose programming language. It is an
extension of the C programming language or C
with Classes
Data set A structured collection of data
Deeplearning4 Language for deep learning
Deep learning A specialized type of machine learning. It refers to a
general set of models and techniques that loosely
emulate the way the human brain solves a wide range of
problems
ELT Extract, Load, Transform
ETL Extract, Transform, and Load
FSF Free Software Foundation
ggplot2 A popular library for data visualization in R
GPU Graphics processing units
Git De facto standard for code asset management, also known
as version management or version control. Around Git
emerged several services, GitHub, and GitLab
Hadoop Application of Java which manages data processing and
storage for big data applications running in clustered
systems
Java Object-oriented programming language
Java-ML Language for machine learning
JVM Java Virtual Machine
JavaScript A general-purpose language that extended beyond the
 browser with the creation of Node.js and other server-
side approaches
Julia A language for high-performance numerical analysis and
computational science
Jupyter Notebook A browser-based application that allows you to create
and share documents containing code, equations,
visualizations, narrative text links, and more
Jupyter Lab A browser-based application that allows you to access
multiple Jupyter Notebook files, other code, and data
files
Kernel An execution environment for the different programming
languages
Lattice It is a high-level data visualization library that can
handle graphics without customizations
Library A collection of functions and methods that allow you to
perform many actions without writing the code
Leaflet Used for creating interactive plots
ML Machine learning uses algorithms – also known as
“models” - to identify patterns in the data
Matplotlib package for data visualization
Model training The process by which the model learns patterns from
data
MNIST Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology
MongoDB A NoSQL database for big data management that was built
with C++
NLP Natural Language Processing
NLTK Natural Language Toolkit
NumPy Libraries are based on arrays and matrices, allowing
you to apply mathematical functions to the arrays
OSI Open-Source Initiative
PaaS Platform as a service
Pandas A library that offers data structures and tools for
effective data cleaning, manipulation, and analysis
Plotly Used for web-based data visualizations that can be
displayed or saved as individual HTML files
PMML Predictive Model Markup Language
Python A high-level, general-purpose programming language. It
has a large, standard library that provides tools
suited to many different tasks, including Databases,
 Automation, Web scraping, Text processing, Image
processing, Machine learning, and Data analytics
R A statistical computing language
Regression models Are used to predict a numeric (or “real”) value
Reinforcement Loosely based on the way human beings and
Learning other organisms learn.
REST RE stands for Representational; the S stands for State,
and the T stands for Transfer
RStudio Unifies programming, execution, debugging, remote data
access, data exploration, and visualization into one
tool
SaaS Software as a service
Scala Is a combination of scalable and language. A general-
purpose programming language that provides support for
functional programming and is a strong static type
system
Spyder Integrates code, documentation, and visualizations,
among others, into a single canvas
SQL Structured Query Language that is non-procedural, used
for querying and managing data
Supervised Learning A learning in which a human provides input data and
correct outputs
TensorFlow Deep Learning library for dataflow that was built with
C++
Unsupervised Learning The data is not labeled by a human. Examples are
Clustering models used to divide each record of a
dataset into one of a similar group
Watson Studio A fully integrated development environment for data
scientists
Weka Language for data mining