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E Tensible Arkup Anguage

The document discusses XML, including its purpose as a markup language for structured data exchange, comparisons to HTML, XML syntax and structure, well-formed XML rules, document type definitions to define valid XML documents, and when to use and not use DTDs.

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ohioprincess13
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15 views

E Tensible Arkup Anguage

The document discusses XML, including its purpose as a markup language for structured data exchange, comparisons to HTML, XML syntax and structure, well-formed XML rules, document type definitions to define valid XML documents, and when to use and not use DTDs.

Uploaded by

ohioprincess13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

Outline
• Introduction
• Comparison between XML and HTML
• XML Syntax
What is XML?
• eXtensible Markup Language
• Markup language for documents containing structured information
• XML was designed to store and transport data. XML is platform-
independent and language-neutral.
• It's widely used for data exchange between different systems.
• Commonly used in web services, configuration files, and data
storage.
Comparisons
XML HTML

• Extensible set of tags • Fixed set of tags


• Content orientated • Presentation oriented
• Standard Data infrastructure • No data validation capabilities
• Allows multiple output forms • Single presentation
Syntax of XML
<food>
<name>Belgian Waffles</name>
<price>100</price>
<description>
Two of our famous Belgian Waffles with plenty of
real maple syrup
</description>
<calories>650</calories>
</food>
Well-Formed XML
• For an XML document to be well-formed, it must adhere to certain
rules:
• Must have a single root element.
• All tags must be properly nested.
• All tags must be closed.
• Attribute values must be quoted.
<library>
<book id="1">...</book>
<book id="2">...</book>
<book id="3">...</book>
</library>
XML Data Model: Example
<BOOKS>
<book id=“123” loc=“library”>
BOOKS
<author>Hull</author> book
<title>California</title> loc=“library” article
<year> 1995 </year> ref
123 555
</book>
<article id=“555” ref=“123”>
author year author title
<author>Su</author>
<title> Purdue</title> title
</article>
</BOOKS> Hull 1995 Su Purdue
California
Document Type Definitions (DTD)

• DTD stands for Document Type Definition.


• A DTD defines the structure and the legal elements and attributes
of an XML document.
• A "Valid" XML document is "Well Formed", as well as it conforms to
the rules of a DTD.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "Note.dtd">
<note>
<to>Ram</to>
<from>Shyam</from>
<heading>Holi</heading>
<body>Don’t forget that holi is this weekend</body>
</note>
Document Type Definitions (DTD)

• The purpose of a DTD is to define the structure and the legal


elements and attributes of an XML document.
Note.dtd
<!DOCTYPE note
[
<!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)>
<!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>
]>
Document Type Definitions (DTD)

• !DOCTYPE note - Defines that the root element of the document is


note
• !ELEMENT note - Defines that the note element must contain the
elements: "to, from, heading, body"
• !ELEMENT to - Defines the to element to be of type "#PCDATA"
• !ELEMENT from - Defines the from element to be of type "#PCDATA"
• !ELEMENT heading - Defines the heading element to be of type
"#PCDATA"
• !ELEMENT body - Defines the body element to be of type "#PCDATA"
When to Use a DTD?
• With a DTD, independent groups of people can agree to use a
standard DTD for interchanging data.
• With a DTD, you can verify that the data you receive from the outside
world is valid.
• You can also use a DTD to verify your own data.
When not to Use a DTD?
• XML does not require a DTD.
• When you are experimenting with XML, or when you are working with
small XML files, creating DTDs may be a waste of time.
• If you develop applications, wait until the specification is stable
before you add a DTD. Otherwise, your software might stop working
because of validation errors.

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