Inflow Performance Curves

• When the reservoir pressure drops below the bubble-

point pressure, the IPR deviates from that of the
simple straight-line relationship.
• Several empirical methods are designed to predict
the non-linearity behavior of the IPR for solution gas
drives reservoirs.
• Most of these methods require at least one stabilized
flow test in which Qo and Pwf are measured.
• The following empirical methods that are designed to
generate the current and future inflow IPR:
1. Vogel’s Method
2. Standing’s Method
3. Couto`s Method
4. Al Saadoon`s Method
5. Fetkovich’s Method
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 1

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 2

 where (Qo)max is the flow
rate at zero bottom hole
pressure, i.e., AOF.

(Fig(1))
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 3

(Fig(1))

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 4

 Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 5

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 6

To use of Vogel plot:
At the first we need the following flow test data;
Bottom Hole Pressure (Pwf) versus Flow Rate data(Q).
Static Reservoir Pressure (Pr)
1. From the ratio of (Pwf / Pr) a value of (Qo/(Qo)max) can be found and (Qo)max determined.
2. Once (Qo)max has been determined, a value of (Qo) for any Pwf can be found.

This solution represents the best solution to predict inflow performance and is more
accurate than assuming a linear relationship.

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 7

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 8

 The equation of the curve of Fig. 1.30 is:

1 0.2 0.8 7.9

For comparison, the relationship for a straight-line IPR is:

1
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 9

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 10

Example: solve previous example by using equation for the non-linearity and straight line
cases.
Solution: case 1// non-linear solution
(Pwf / Pr) = (1500/2000) = 0.75
= 1 − 0.2 0.75 − 0.8 0.75
(65/(Qo)max) = 0.4 → (Qo)max = 162 bbl/day.

When Pwf decline to 500 psi ;

(Pwf / Pr) = (500/2000) = 0.25
= 1 − 0.2 0.25 − 0.8 0.25
( )

(Qo/162) = 0.9 (Qo) = 146 bbl/day

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 11

B) For straight line case

= 1 − 0.75
( )
65
= 0.25
( )
( ) = 260 bbl/day

When Pwf decline to 500 psi ;

(Pwf / Pr) = (500/2000) = 0.25
= 1 − 0.25
( )

= 0.75
260

= 195 /!"#
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 12
 Constructing Inflow Performance Curve Using Vogel Method
IPR is plotted by assuming various flowing pressures and determining the corresponding flow
rates.

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 13

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 14

Additional values of Pwf are
assumed as necessary and the
corresponding flow rates
determined. This information is
then plotted.

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 15

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 16

 Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 17

Composite IPR
The composite IPR is a combination of the
Productivity Index based on Darcy's law
above the bubble point pressure and Vogel’s
IPR below the bubble point pressure.
This IPR is particularly used when the
reservoir pressure Pr is above the bubble
point pressure (Pb) and the bottomhole
flowing pressure Pwf is below the bubble
point pressure.

Vogel's Composite IPR

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 18
 The method requires the following data:
• Current average reservoir pressure Pr
• Bubble-point pressure Pb
• Stabilized flow test data that include
Qo at pwf

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 19

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 20

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 21

From Vogel's curve (Qo/(Qo)max) = 0.33

350/(Qo)max = 0.33 → (Qo)max = 1061 bbl./day.

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 22

 Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 23

3000

2500

pwf Qo(Vogel Eq. Qo = J (pr pwf)

2500 0 0
psi

2000

2200 218.2 210

Pressure

1500 631.7 700 1500

1000 845.1 1050

500 990.3 1400 1000

0 1067.1 1750
500

0
0 200 400 600 Flow
800Rate 1000
bbl/day1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 24

 (Composite IPR)

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 25

pwf ≥ pb

pwf < pb

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 26

 Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 27

Example 7.3: An oil well is producing from an under saturated reservoir that is
characterized by a bubble-point pressure of 2130 psig. The current average reservoir
pressure is 3000 psig. Available flow test data shows that the well produce 250 STB/day
at a stabilized pwf of 2500 psig. Construct the IPR curve.

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 28

 Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 29

Pwf > Pb
Pwf = Pb

Pwf < Pb

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 30

 3500

3000

2500
Pressure psi

2000

1500

1000

500

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
flow rate bbl/day

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 31

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 32

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 33

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 34

 Pwf = Pb

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 35

Standing's Extension of Vogel's Work

To Account For Damaged Or Improved Wells
• Some materials such as mud filtrate, cement slurry, or clay particles, enters
the formation during drilling, completion, or workover operations and reduce
the permeability around the wellbore. This effect is commonly referred to as a
wellbore damage.
• Many other wells are stimulated by acidizing or fracturing, which increase the
permeability near the wellbore.
• The region of altered permeability is called the skin zone.
• Thus, the permeability near the wellbore is always different from the
permeability away from the well where the formation has not been affected
by damage or stimulation.
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 36
 • The method for generating an IPR presented by Vogel did not consider an absolute
permeability change in the reservoir.
• Standing proposed a procedure to modify Vogel's method to account for either damage
or stimulation around the wellbore.
• The degree of permeability alteration can be expressed in terms of a Productivity Ratio
PR or Flow Efficiency FE .

• The initial work of Vogel assumed a

flow efficiency of 1 and did not
account for wells that were damaged
or improved.
• Standing (1970) essentially extended the
Vogel’s work and proposed a chart to
account for conditions where the flow
efficiency was not equal to 1.
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 37

• FE is the ratio of useful pressure drop across the system to total pressure drop.
1
&!'" !(") !*)+ 0−
$% = = ………….. 1
,-./" !(") !*)+ 0−

1
)ℎ'(' = +∆ 6789 ……… 2

∆ 6789 = pressure drop due to skineffect,

(damage or stimulation)
1
= ideal bottom hole flowing pressure

Substituting Eq.(2) in Eq.(1)

additional pressure drop during flow
0−( +∆ 6789 )
$% =
0 −
0 − −∆ 6789
= ………….. 3
0 −
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 38
• For a well-draining from a cylindrical 0.47 (=
ln
reservoir volume at pseudo-steady state (
$% = ………. 4
0.47 (=
condition: ln +>
(
S = Skin Factor, dimensionless
∆Ps = pressure drop due to skin, psi
rw and rs = radius of wellbore and radius of skin ,
ft.
K and Ks = permeability of formation and
permeability of skin zone, md.
As noted in Fig., an undamaged well would
flow at rate q for a flowing pressure of 1
while the damaged well must flow at the lower
pressure of Pwf in order to produce the same
rate q.
The ∆Pskin is thus seen to be the difference
between 1 and Pwf. Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 39

• Formation damage can produce additional

pressure drop during flow. While, well
stimulation methods will enhance the
properties of the formation and increase the
permeability around the wellbore, so that a
decrease in pressure drop is observed. ∆Pskin
was defined by Van Everding as:
?@A ?@A C (6
∆ 6789 = 141.2 > = 141.2 − 1 ln
Bℎ Bℎ C6 (
1) If ΔPskin > 0 (S= +ve ), so FE < 1 , indicates an additional pressure drop due to wellbore
damage.
2) If Δpskin = 0 (S=0), so FE = 1, indicates no changes in the wellbore condition, ( no
damage, no stimulation).
3) If ΔPskin < 0 (S= -ve ), so FE > 1, indicates less pressure drop due to wellbore
improvement (stimulation) Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 40
• Using the previous definition for flow efficiency, Vogel's equation becomes:
DEFG I I
DEFH = 1 − 0.2 − 0.8 ………. 5

Where j = value of FE (j = 0.5, 0.8, ............1.3, 1.5), and

P`wf = the ideal flowing pressure.
DEFH = the maximum inflow which could be obtained for the well if FE = 1 or S = 0.

1
• A relationship between , and FE can be obtained by solving Equation (1) for
1
:
− I 0
$% =
0−

0 − I = 0 $% − $%

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 41

I = 0 − 0 $% + $% … … … . 6
OR;
Divide both sides of equation by PR;
I
= 1 − $% + $% …….. 7
0 0

• Sanding' constructed chart (Fig-2) which shows dimensionless IPR curve for flow
efficiencies between 0.5 and 1.5. Several things can be obtained from this plot:
1. The maximum rate possible for a well with damage.
2. The maximum rate possible if the damage is removed and FE = 1.0.
3. The maximum rate possible if the well is stimulated and improved.
4. The determination of the flow rate possible for any flowing pressure for different
values of FE.
5. The construction of IPR curves to show rate vs. flowing pressure for damaged and
improved wells. Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 42
Figure (2)

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 43

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 44

 • The following procedure was used by Standing to construct dimensionless IPR curves for
flow efficiencies not equal to one:
1. Select a value for FE.
2. Assume a range of values for (Pwf / PR).
I
KLM
3. For each value assumed in step 2, calculate the corresponding value of using
KN
Equation (7).
OP QRST
4. Calculate QRSX for each value of (Pwf / PR)assumed in Step 2 using Equation(5).
OPUVW
OP QRST
5. Plot (Pwf / PR) versus QRSX .
OPUVW
6. Select a new FE and go to Step 2.

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 45

• Standing's chart can be put in equation form by combining Equations (5) and (7). This
gives:
DEFG

DEFH = 1 − 0.2 1 − $% + $% − 0.8 1 − $% + $%

0 0

Or;
DEFG

DEFH = 1.8 $% 1− − 0.8 $% 1− ……… 8

0 0

• Equation (8) is valid only if;

DEFH DEFG 1
≥ *( ≥ 0 1−
$%

This restriction will always be satisfied if FE < 1.

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 46

 • For values of FE > 1, an approximate relationship between the actual DEZH and DEFH

is; DEZH = DEFH

0.624 + 0.376 $% … … … 9
• For the case of FE = 1 ( = I ) Equation(8) is identical to the Vogel equation,
Equation(5).
• The extension of Vogel's work (standing work) is very useful in being able to determine
whether or not stimulation is profitable.
• Standing's curve can be slightly confusing if not studied carefully. The x-coordinate is the
ratio of the actual producing rate divided by the producing rate with no damage(FE=1).
That is, each value that is read from the curves is a value to calculate (qo)max with FE
corrected to 1.
• We need to keep in mind that, normally, in order to use standing's curve, first determine
the maximum flow rate possible without damage (FE = 1), when this has been done,
additional requirements are relatively simple.
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 47

Example(A) : Given data: qo = 70 bpd PR = 2400 psi pwf= 1800 psi FE=0.7
Find: (a) Maximum flow rate possible from this well under condition of FE = 0.7.
(b) Find qo when Pwf = 1200 psi for FE = 0.7 and FE = 1.3.
Example(B): Find the flowing pressure at which the well would make 70 bpd with no damage
for the following test data; PR = 1000 psi, Pwf = 700 psi, and FE = 0.6.
Solution(A);
a) Using test data, pwf, qo and the value of FE existing when the test was conducted, calculate
(qo)max for FE = 1
1800
= = 0.75
0 2400
From standing chart, reading on the FE = 0.7 curve gives a value of;
?DEF[.\ DEFH =
70
= 0.281 → ? = 249 ⁄! "#
?DEFH 0.281 maximum flow rate possible
/. ?DEF[.\ ≠ 249 ⁄! "# from this well for no damage

because of the non-linear IPR relationship Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 48
We now find (qo)max for the well under present conditions of FE = 0.7.
KLM
The maximum rate occurs when pwf = 0 , then = 0 , From standing chart and FE = 0.7
KN
curve we find;

?DEF[.\
= 0.87 → ?DEF[.\ = 0.87 ` 249 = 216 ⁄! "#
?DEFH

KLM
The maximum rate occurs when pwf = 0 , then = 0 , From standing chart and FE = 1.3
KN
curve we find(by extrapolation);
?DEFH.a
= 1.1 → ?DEFH.a = 1.1 ` 249 = 274 ⁄! "#
?DEFH

Or: we can use:

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 49

(b) Find qo for Pwf = 1200 psi (FE = 0.7)

1200
= 0.5 =
0 2400
From standing chart and FE = 0.7 curve we find;
?
= 0.523
?
(? )c FH [[
∴ = 0.523 → (? )c FH [[ = 249 0.523 = 130 /!"#
249
Solution(B);

1
= 0 − 0 − $%
1
= 1000 − 1000 − 700 (0.6)
1
= 820 def f+ /+!"g"h'! )'
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 50
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 51

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 52

 Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 53

Example : Given data: PR = 2000 psi Pwf = 1000 psi qo = 100 bpd FE= 0.6 , Find;
(A) (qo )max

(B) Pwf necessary for 217 bpd when FE = 1

(C) verify that 217 bpd is correct for FE = 1

Solution;

1000 ?DEF[.j
") = = 0.5, i(*g e."+!f+h -ℎ"(. )f.ℎ $% = 0.6, = 0.461
0 2000 ?DEFH
, "+! ?DEFH = 217 d! i*( $% = 1
1
) = 0 − 0 − $% = 2000 − 2000 − 1000 0.6 = 1400 def = (for
FE=1)
1400 ?
-) = = 0.7, i(*g e."+!f+h -ℎ"(. )f.ℎ $% = 1, = 0.461
0 2000 ?
, "+! ? = 217 d! i*( $% = 0.6
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 54
Construct IPR Curves For Different Values of FE
• One of the principal applications of the Standing graph or equation is to predict the
improvement in inflow performance that would be attained if a well were stimulated.
• By using data from one test, either chart or Equation (8) can be used to calculate inflow
values for any value of FE.
A. By Using Chart
• The procedure is:
1. Use test data, pwf, qo and the value of FE existing when the test was conducted, to
calculate (qo)max for FE = 1.
Using given (Pwf/PR) the corresponding value of (qo/?DEFH ) obtained from chart using
the curve for given FE.
2. Various values are assumed for (Pwf/PR) then Pwf is calculated, and the corresponding
ratio of (qo/?DEFH ) is obtained from chart from the appropriate FE curve, then qo is
calculated.
3. Plot calculated Pwf vs. qo . Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 55

An Important Note:
The minimum value of Pwf that may be used in chart or equation(8) for FE > 1 is determined
by using the following equation;
1
= 0 1−
$%
Example ; The following data was given including three flow tests:
Test No. Pwf psig qo bpd
1 1440 172
2 1200 315
3 1015 345

PR = 1850 psig; FE = 0.7

Required: Construct IPR curves for FE = 0.7 and FE = 1. 3.

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 56

Solution: In order to obtain a value for (qo)max for FE = 1 the three tests are averaged as
follows:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
DEFH DEFH
Test No. Pwf / PR qo/? qo ?
1 0.78 0.26 172 660
2 0.65 0.39 315 808
3 0.55 0.49 345 704
Avg.=724
o Column (3) or qo/(qo)max in the table was obtained from the FE = 0.7 curve of standing
chart.
o Column (5) or (qo)max is found by dividing the qo of column (4) by the value of qo/(qo)max
in column (3).
o The average value of 724 bpd is then used for (qo)max when FE 1.
o In order to construct IPR curves the following table is prepared for PR = 1850 psi and
(qo)max = 724 bpd.
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 57

o At this point we can assume values of Pwf/PR .

o It is more logical for ease in reading standing chart to assume values of Pwf/PR .
FE = 0.7
Assumed Pwf/PR Calculated Pwf qo/? DEFH qo (for FE=0.7)
0.8 (1850*0.8) =1480 0.23 (from chart) (724*0.23)=167
0.6 (1850*0.6)=1110 0.44 (724*0.44)=319
0.4 740 0.61 441
0 0 0.87 630

FE = 1.3
Assumed Pwf/PR Calculated Pwf qo /?DEFH qo (for FE=1.3)
0.8 1480 0.41 297
0.6 1110 0.72 521
0.4 740 0.91 659
0 0 ---- -------
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 58
The minimum value of Pwf that may be used for FE =1.3 is;
1 1
= 0 1− = 1850 1 − = 427 def
$% 1.3
Therefore, qo cannot be calculated for the last value of Pwf in the table.

B. By Using Equation (8)

• The procedure is:
1. Use test data, pwf, qo and the value of FE existing when the test was conducted, to
calculate (qo)max for FE = 1 by using equation(8).
2. Assume various values of Pwf and calculate qo for each Pwf from Equation(8).

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 59

Example: Solve previous example using eq.(8)

Solution;
DEFH
1− , =
0
1.8 $% 1− − 0.8 $% 1−
0 0

Test No. Pwf psig qo bpd DEFH

1−
0
1 1440 172 0.221 663
2 1200 315 0.351 800
3 1015 345 0.451 706
Avg.=723

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 60

 DEFH
= 1.8 $% 1− − 0.8 $% 1−
0 0

Assumed Calculated Pwf qo (for qo (for

Pwf/PR 1− FE=0.7) FE=1.3)
0
0.8 1480 0.2 171 299
0.6 1110 0.4 319 520
0.4 740 0.6 445 663
0 0 1 628 805

The minimum value of Pw that may be used for FE > 1 is;

1 1
= 0 1− = 1850 1 − = 427 def
$% 1.3

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 61

Therefore, qo cannot be calculated for the last value of Pwf in the table, However, an estimate
of the actual flow rate qmax can be obtained from Equation(9).

DEFH = 0.624 + 0.376 $% = 0.624 + 0.376 ∗ 1.3 = 1.113

= 1.113 ∗ 723 = 805

• There is some difference between the values obtained using the equation and those
obtained using the graph. The curves are difficult to read at low values of drawdown or
high values of (Pwf/PR) . Use of the equation is therefore recommended.

• This type of information and IPR curves can be very useful in determining of a well
stimulation treatment.

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 62

For example, note in Figure that for Pwf = 800 psi the
well makes 420 bpd under its present damaged
producing conditions when FE = 0.7, compared to
630 bpd if the FE can be changed to 1.3.

For a solution gas drive reservoir these tests would

need to be repeated, perhaps each year, depending
upon the drop in pressure and other changing
conditions. However, they should retain the same
general shape.

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 63

• Couto suggested a procedure to solve for flow efficiency (FE) from two flow tests on the
well.
• His procedure makes use of Vogel’s equation and dose requires that we know pr.
• From Standing’s` work;
r
no − npq no − npq − Δntuvw
lm = =
no − npq no − npq
Where P`wf is the ideal flowing pressure and Pwf is the actual flowing pressure
• Since Standing assumed a constant skin value (s, independent of rate and time). Then it
should obtain the same FE value from each flow test. Therefore, in general, this solution
(Couto`s method) is trial and error solution, in that a value of FE is assumed and a value of
(Qo)max is solved for each flow test, others FE values are assumed until the same (Qo)max
value are obtained from each flow test.
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 64
The following equations are valid (derived from flow efficiency equation);
I = 0 − $%( 0 − )…….. , Divide both side on Pr

I
= 1 − $% + $% …….. A
0 0

Recalling Vogel`s equation;

= 1 − 0.2 − 0.8
( x
In the form used by Standing we can write the equation;
DEFG I I
DEFH = 1 − 0.2 − 0.8 ………. C

Where j = value of FE and P`wf is the ideal flowing pressure.

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 65

By substituting equation (B) in equation (C);

DEFG

DEFH = 1 − 0.2 1 − $% + $% − 0.8 1 − $% + $% ………. D

0 0

Example
pr = 2000 psi
Test Qo pwf
1 165 1500
2 298 1000
Find the FE for the well.
Solution;

H 1500 1000
= = 0.75 = = 0.5
0 2000 0 2000

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 66

 I
= 1 − $% + $% = 1 − $% + 0.75 $% = 1 − 0.25 $%
0 H 0

I
= 1 − $% + $% = 1 − $% + 0.5 $% = 1 − 0.5 $%
0 0
Assume a value of FE = 0.6, then;
I
= 1 − 0.75 $% = 1 − 0.25 0.6 = 0.85
0 H
I
= 1 − 0.5 $% = 1 − 0.5 0.6 = 0.7
0

Now use equation (C) for test No. 1 and test No. 2:

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 67

DEF[.j

DEFH = 1 − 0.2 0.85 − 0.8 0.85 = 0.252

H DEF[.j
DEFH
165
DEF[.j = = 655 d! =
0.252 0.252
= 1 − 0.2 0.7 − 0.8 0.7 = 0.468 DEF[.j
DEFH
DEFH =
298
= = 637 d!
0.469 0.469
In the same manner values are calculated for assumed values of FE = 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.2.
these are noted in the following table:
FE values Qo / Qo max (test no.1 Qo / Qo max (test no.2) Ratio Qo max (test no.1 Qo max (test no.2)
0.6 0.252 0.468 0.539 655 637
0.7 0.29 0.532 0.545 569 560
0.8 0.328 0.592 0.554 503 503
0.9 0.364 0.648 0.562 453 460
1 0.4 0.7 0.571 413 426
1.1 0.434 0.748 0.58 380 398
1.2 0.468 0.792 0.591 353 376
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 68
• From given data, the ratio of Qo1 / Qo2 =
165/298 = 0.554 (given), and this occurs
at a value of j = 0.8 as noted in the
table.

• A graphical solution is noted on Fig.

below, where the intersection of the
curves for Test 1 and Test 2 give the
value of FE = 0.8 and for a (qo)max rate of
503 bpd.

Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 69

Q1// Complete the table below assuming constant productivity index approach.
Avg. Flowing Flow Productivity thickness Specific PI AOF
pressure pressure Rate Index
psi STB/day
1300 psi 900 110
600
20 ft.
250
1300 psi
Q2// A well is producing from a reservoir having an average reservoir pressure of
2085 psig. A stabilized production test on the well resulted in a producing rate of
282 STB/day when the flowing bottomhole pressure was 1765 psig. The bubble
point pressure is 2100 psig. Using Vogel’s method, calculate:
1. The producing rate if Pwf is reduced to zero.
2. The producing rate if Pwf is reduced to 1485 psig.
3. The bottomhole pressure necessary to obtain an inflow rate of 400 STB/day.
Production Engineering II / Lec_3/ Dr. Yahya J. Tawfeeq 70