Lecture 2 3rd Stage

Predicting Future Inflow Performance Relationship

Inflow performance curves are normally constructed to show possible flow rate vs. bottom hole
flow pressure. However, it’s also desirable to have a plot of future predictions in order to construct
such curves we need information as to changes in bottom hole pressure, good production records,
etc.

Standing extension to Vogel work to predict Future IPR

Standing improved upon Vogel’s equation and developed an equation that can be used to predict
the future IPR of the well given the productivity index measured at a given average pressure as
given by

……….1

𝑞 𝑃𝑤𝑓 𝑃𝑤𝑓 𝑃𝑟−𝑃𝑤𝑓 𝑃𝑤𝑓

= (1 − ) [1 + 0.8 ]= [1 + 0.8 ]
𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑃𝑟 𝑃𝑟 𝑃𝑟 𝑃𝑟

𝑞 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑃𝑤𝑓
= (1 + 0.8 )
𝑃𝑟−𝑃𝑤𝑓 𝑃𝑟 𝑃𝑟

𝑞
J= …….. (2)
𝑃𝑟−𝑃𝑤𝑓

𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑃𝑤𝑓
J= (1 + 0.8 )………3
𝑃𝑟 𝑃𝑟

Assume fluid saturation is constant in the reservoir take the limit as P wf =Pr

1.8 𝑞𝑚𝑎𝑥
Jp= ………4
𝑃𝑟

Divided equ. 3/equ.4

𝐽𝑝 1.8
= 𝑃𝑤𝑓……….5
𝐽 1+0.8 𝑃𝑟
Or

1
 1.8
Jp = J ( 𝑃𝑤𝑓 )
1+0.8
𝑃𝑟
Then

0.00708 (𝐾 𝐾𝑟𝑜)𝑝 ℎ
Jp = 𝑟𝑒 ……6
𝜇𝑜 𝛽𝑜 (𝑙𝑛 𝑟𝑤 −0.75)

0.00708(𝐾 𝐾𝑟𝑜)𝑓 ℎ
Jf= 𝑟𝑒 …….7
𝜇𝑜 𝛽𝑜 (𝑙𝑛 − 0.75)
𝑟𝑤

Divided Jf by Jp

𝐾𝑟𝑜 𝐾𝑟𝑜
Jf =Jp[( )𝑓/( )𝑝]…………8
𝜇𝑜 𝛽𝑜 𝜇𝑜 𝛽𝑜

If the relative permeability data is not available, J f can be roughly estimated

from:
Jf=Jp (Prf/Prp)2 ……9
Also
𝐽𝑓 𝑃𝑟𝑓
(qmax)f = …………10
1.8

𝐽𝑓 𝑃𝑟𝑓 𝑃𝑤𝑓 𝑃𝑤𝑓 2

Q= [1 − 0.2 − 0.8( ) ]……..11
1.8 𝑃𝑟𝑓 𝑃𝑟𝑓
Standing’s methodology for predicting a future IPR is summarized in
the following steps:
Step 1. Using the current time condition and the available flow test data,
calculate (Qo)max from Equation (1)
Step 2. Calculate Jp at the present condition, by using Equation
(5) or (6)
Step 3. Using fluid property, saturation and relative permeability data,
calculate both (kro/µoBo)p and (kro/µoBo)f.
Step 4. Calculate Jf by using Equation (8). Use Equation (9) if the oil
relative permeability data is not available.
Step 5. Generate the future IPR by applying Equation (11)

Example: given the following data

A=40 acre spacing ,Sor= 0.15, J=0.92, Swi=0.2 , Pr=2250 psi , Q=400 bPd

2
Construct future IPR when the pressure P r=1800 psi

1.8 1.8
Jp= J ( 𝑃𝑤𝑓 )= 0.92( 𝑃𝑤𝑓 )
1+0.8 𝑃𝑟 1+0.8 𝑃𝑟
Jp=1.01 bpd/psi

0.685 0.815
Jf= 1.01[ / ]
3.59∗1.15 3.11∗1.173

Jf=0.75 bpd/psi

To construct Future IPR using equ. (11)

Standing used Vogel’s IPR with a modified multiphase productivity index to relate
current well performance to future performance. Unfortunately, his relationship
requires knowledge of fluid properties and relative permeability behavior. This makes
Standing’s method difficult to use because one must estimate saturations, relative
permeability’s, and fluid properties at a future reservoir pressure.

A series of back pressure test were performed by Fetkovich for reservoirs above the
critical gas saturation and found out that the oil well back pressure curves follow the
same general form as that used for expressing the rate–pressure relationship for gas
wells as given by Eq

……….12

3
n= Turbulence exponent (0.56-1)

n=1 No turbulence

n<1 turbulence

Fetkovich suggested that Standing’s modified multiphase productivity index ratios could be
approximated by the ratio of the pressures. He proposed that the future maximum oil production
rate could be estimated from the current maximum production rate with pressure

and requires a multiple-rate test to obtain values of C and n. A log-log plot of the pressure-
squared difference vs. flow rate is expected to plot as a straight line. The inverse of the slope
yields an estimate of n, the flow exponent. The flow coefficient can be estimated by selecting a
flow rate and pressure on the log-log plot and using the information in Eq. 12 to calculate C. An
IPR can be developed by rearranging Fetkovich’s deliverability equation to obtain the flow rate
Fetkovich proposed the isochronal testing of oil wells to estimate productivity. His deliverability
equation is based on the empirical gas-well deliverability equation proposed by Rawlins and
Schellhardt

Q=𝐽́o( Pr2 – Pwf2 )n=1

1
Where n = 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒

C= intercept at Qaxis where Pr2 – Pwf2 =1

For future IPR

𝐶𝑓 𝑃𝑟𝑓 𝑃𝑟𝑓
𝐶𝑝
= 𝑃𝑟𝑝 , Cf=Cp𝑃𝑟𝑝

As Pr decrease to Pb , n =1 and Q= 𝐽́o(Pr2-Pwf2)

To Clculate Jo:

1- From multiple flow test, plot Pr2-Pwf2 vs Q on log-log scale , n=1/slope

4
 𝐽́o=C=intercept on Qaxis at Pr2 – Pwf2 =1

2- From one flow test (Pwf,Q) 𝐽́=Q/Pr2-Pwf2

3- From reservoir and fluid properties Pr and Pwf ˂ Pb

́ =[0.00708𝐾ℎ
𝐽𝑜 𝑟𝑒 ](
𝐾𝑟𝑜
)
1
𝑙𝑛 −0.75 𝜇𝑜𝛽𝑜 2𝑃𝑏
𝑟𝑤

To construct future IPR

́ 𝑃𝑟𝑓 (Prf2 – Pwf2)n
Q=𝐽𝑜
𝑃𝑟𝑝

Example: given the following isochronal test of oil well data Pr=1345 psi

Test Qo Pwf

0 0 1345

1 65 1242

2 134 1142

3 137 1123

4 229 921

5 93 1178

6 321 719

7 341 638

Calculate: (1) n , Jo, AOF , (2) construct future IPR curve for Pr=1345 psi