//select all the records from titles
select * from titles // * ----- all columns
operators used in where condition
> >= < <= != =
and or
between not between
in not in
is is not ( null)
like not like
===========================
aggregate functions,,, sum, min,max,avg,count
select sum(price), max(price),min(price),avg(price),count(*),count(price)
from titles
count(*) -------- count total number of rows
count(columname)-------- count number of values in the column ( exclude null)
emp
--------
empid, ename,desig, sal, depcode,dob,city
//dispaly total sal of all emp , dep wise
select depcode,sum(sal) from emp
group by depcode
//total salary of all testers in every dept
select depcode,sum(sal) from emp
where desig='tester'
group by depcode
// display only depts in hyd,balore , and depts total sal>20 laks
select depcode, sum(sal) from emp
where city in('hyd','bangalore')
group by depcode
having sum(sal)>2000000
select .................. from table
where condition
group by column
having condition
order by column
=======
join
select c1,c2,c3,c4..........
from table1
[left / right / full outer] join table2
on table1.col=table2.col
student
------------
id,name,phone,email,course
marks
----------
id, score
select name,score from student
join marks
on student.id=marks.id
===========
sub query
----------
an sql query inside another sql query
select * from titles
where price>(select avg(price) from titles)
the inner query is executed first and output of innerquery is used
as input for outer query
inner query should select only single column
if inner query returns multiple values use "in" operator
=========================
what is primary key, foreign key, unique key
the column which is created primary key
. will not accept null
. will not accept duplicates
only one primary key is allowed to create on a table
Foreign key is the column which will refer to another
column(primary/unique)
the foreign key column will accept only values available in referred
column
uniqe key-- column will not accept duplicates ( 1 null value is allowed)
can have multiple unique keys on a table.
ex:
emp ( empid, ename,sal, desig, depcode)------
empid is primarykey,
depcode is foreignkey refer to depcode in dept table
dept (depcode, dname,manager) -----depcode is primarykey
what is diff delete, truncate,drop
delete
will delete records in a table
where condition can be used
truncate
will also delete records in table
cannot use where condition ( all records will be deleted)
drop
to remove the table also (records and table...etc)
ex:
delete emp where empid='5674'
truncate table emp
drop table emp
what is diff unique key, primary key
what is procedure, trigger
what is count(*), count(column)
what is diff union, union all
union--- will not display duplicates
union all------ will display duplicates
what is diff where, having
what is null in db
................... sql query examples..... select, group by, having, joins,
subquery
========================================
select * from titles
//select only title,type, price columns from titles
select title,type,price from titles
//where used to restrict records in select statement
select title,type,price from titles
where price>20
select * from employee
where sal>50000
select * from titles
where type='business'
select * from titles
where price>=15 and price<=20
select * from titles
where price between 15 and 20
select * from employee
where sal between 20000 and 50000
select * from titles
where price<15 or price>20
select * from titles
where price not between 15 and 20
select * from titles
where type='business' or type='psychology' or type='trad_cook'
select * from titles
where type in('business','psychology','trad_cook')
select * from titles
where type not in('business','psychology','trad_cook')
select * from employee
where city='hyd' or city='bangalore' or city='chennai'
select * from titles
where price is null
select * from titles
where price is not null
//all emp who don;t have phone but has emilid
select * from employee
where phone is null and email is not null
//get all managers in hyd
select * from employee
where city='hyd' and desig='manager'
//all managers in hyd and bangalore
select * from employee
where city in('hyd','bangalore') and desig='manager'
select * from employee
where (city='hyd' or city='bangalore') and desig='manager'
select * from titles
where title like 's%'
select * from titles
where title not like 's%'
select sum(price), max(price),min(price),avg(price),count(*),count(price)
from titles
select type,count(title_id)'No of Books' from titles
group by type
having count(title_id)>3
select type,sum(price) from titles
where pub_id='0877'
group by type
select * from titles
order by price desc
select * from titles
select * from publishers
select title,price,pub_name
from titles t
join publishers p
on t.pub_id=p.pub_id
select * from titles
select * from publishers
select * from titleauthor
select * from authors
select title,price,pub_name,au_lname+au_fname
from titles t
join publishers p
on t.pub_id=p.pub_id
join titleauthor ta
on ta.title_id=t.title_id
join authors a
on a.au_id=ta.au_id
select * from titles
where price>(select avg(price) from titles)
select * from publishers
where pub_id not in(select distinct pub_id from titles)
//emp who are doing more than 1 project
select * from emp
where eid in(select eid from projects
group by eid
having count(eid)>1)
//publishers who published more than 5 books
select pub_name from publishers
where pub_id in(select pub_id from titles
group by pub_id
having count(pub_id)>5)
========================================
