Scribd
Upload
32 views

Math (GE) 1st Sem.

Wwww

Uploaded by

omkarpriyadarshidash159
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
32 views

Math (GE) 1st Sem.

Wwww

Uploaded by

omkarpriyadarshidash159
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 43
' UNIT - ‘th Fusnchion ob b Several ol Lait [anit ond Confirudty 9 | We te hae» to considere” bunclons ot the Forrn I z= kouy) Where 4 and one independent: ! verable and zfs depart Upon a and y) Conetder the bunctlon 2 = ben, y {where ‘hond y are nob todeperenk But axe themselves bunctiont ot other fodependent | sone wand y- So +h = ¢ Cur) 1 =y Cur) q A watdg 41 0-98 Solel bn ck on variables > Wb bore each - tuple she) 49 R, there exist 24 2ER | (Kr Marge th nO ee aaa “1%o) A ome rappin there onitts ; ZER, “ heee ZS bey) 2 vs ir a bunclion oh =twe variables . Here , ion chutto0 = There axe too tadepmdent variable sy dam F> Jeu) ER | hemp) exfats} and one dependent variable x. The demas, orn b= fey eR 1 {4-0 exists} | aE RS dented by don Fort iS gy yn sfaope &. wy 24} by dom b = femy) en™ [bee ealsts 5 fa we The dom ib cogstst ob.» all paints & Re Finds tees. ano Heke thes bunctin which ate. fhe. or on the since. t ~ fat : avay 4, Heng the dom % said to ‘be: (uy) = my dase} : sous ‘ A Frveln ob thea yore’ gad 38 dona dom Jap ie, fee i : A capping BCR) § bie each (ory z) @ad don b= {0D ER Ig exists f there edists sg ko ohare, um bouyiz) fs 2 i at called a. bunction ob three yatiable , Hece . tow ceed +0 there. axe theee independent variables YZ, Hence, WN paity ty” ond one dependent varioble w. i on ah co fe Une y =t dom b = $0042) ER 7 f Ouyr) Enkers} = ase — eh 2 = fi pep they a, Bind the det a the bunckon & baz) =e (en) acne Capen toteeval) tA) Tae ah es ote C Closed interval) dom ye faye) er’ Tb uyiz) ects [ary aL %. .———s Le ert) ° 130, feay) =f Ciemuftaneouesly) Let yom - then Robb g oe we! = lin rk 2 m0 ae ot Trove that tin A dunt ex) 1 Lim ns tey)otore) Koy? | a0 Fe ‘ok the borer 4 1 = Un nmI1O i 170 hich Ys Aibberent bow. Asbbercent values, ob m- Hence bin ny teen) Ray So that Mi ait) wren fey (exist) to 0 ; im doy hue Us ny } CHAO Jarry a mn let y win then'n90.. 4-70 Un x &y)9 G9 we Us ; Mm ae oxo Spree os [3] 2% % the boon ok £2) Let any «me Pye nem c aCi-mmt) 3 Bn a me) are = \ Bry Vt Chere) | JO ™m 4 f en ready tee? 2 | = tase i} Pte Gn snp oot et & Ly) 70) HY Repeahed Derths or THesabed :- There one 2 ’ypes of repeated Uennts t= y we oo tow] yb Ve [BR boo) > The double feel % Um Seuy) @)7O0) eae Vine exe may ex roy be eq rT the tuo repented Penits arte not equa) the: double Limit doesn't exist - But the omverte of the above statement fe not true. Enample $= sca? 2 Shor hat the repected Limit oosn't t exit | but the double Unit exist. at the orcgin bor the bunetion pitas KS Yet 4 os ry) # (00) bow) = o + iy) #= 00) Sdaskon To Gnd the repeated Uinits a the onto wy lin [Un « Soty sy Sng] nao LY : Pee 40 g, [xa 4 Since, She % no valle 1 Therefore the. value ob Unit doesn't oxfel 3 Un [pa tlys 9 Sok Lim [ns o+ y Snr] Yo Jnce, Sow “sno wale Therekoro’ the Vor doesn't evict erp 200) 1D Where bouy) = cing + y oy Je [teup =o] = [xesinly + y Sin Va =O | by ‘ean bapaltly e Insin tag] al y sina] vnus.sin y+ 1yL si Mal Wel tyre! = Wty) \beuyy-o] <€ in In then qalalyls€ J mis £ on. wick 7 \w-ol <3 Whee 8 = £70 Such thak [bouyi-01 <€ When \r-o1gs ang [y-a) 68 ang rol <8 a, Um Fouy) =o WN 2Or0) se The double Umit exist and $e ojual . 0» I* Let beay) = zt > KYO 470 thes dl seeett Syl ; the eeistame of" rlouble te veepeated —lintls ct G0 - , ¥ Shoo that the repeated Units exist but te double’ Lentt doesn't exist at the oxiin oc the bunction pouy) = } Sy th Cay) ¢ Coo Q HE uy) = (oro) yy Um Pune Un Se tr ‘N] = mule x aes \ ey th a ter Pb =-1 qol & Let yom ah RAP YO Lim Skat : a0 at, Uy CE em 4 “KU +m) am Hence sop the double Bait!’ doas't est coe , whet Sau) - Mazon 470 » Then discus the acy Yunelion at Co) Unik sore eepere_binvts of the ty Show that the repeated Lint ee) exists but th double Lint Sean't exist at the ori bor the bunchion BS eal it dou ah a th Gy) + Of th wy) > Ov) LI bey) = way of Cary) hey = ben ts a bunclion Then 4 2 ky = ay Fate 9) Te z= Beary) ts a bunchidy ob 2 Sndependent vorioble andy jthen, de beg = Urn Kehna tg da, hae The decivative ch boxy) which respect to 00 mye taxing 4 ita constant « ae boy re) + boo ay K ye ten ~ bn The deuvadive of beaury) wlth respect to 44 taag “2 a consort Panta! ° derivalive ato poind: i bacaw) = Un ECovn ctl Fea) ty Cais) = Lon hCarbtk) - Feat) > baCoi) = Lim cho) - bo) RAG) secre Vy Cor) = Le §¢orK) ~ b C010) Wi ate 2 FTE Feuyy = SOP aay ( o1 Xy They hu that the partial derivaiver Ir, ond by and af every paint including the origin but f drccontiounus) af the ‘enigin i : = Od Cy) — hy Oey) one 2 EOC) -C ry) | we UW Bary yy? > ety ) AY by - fl oo — ay 9 a ayy Fa on] by entets ot eveey paint except (10), AM te onsgin I= “ay bacon) > en, no) = Hor) ae ede y mae San) = 4 % C h cel ne ° Wyo) = Um Fork) bcd.) ea q a tn Yoak 3s ‘ Ko Gy 7 2 pect deciadive bod by eist a ev we incidiy the oe = prove that “hen AC heyap at the expt here beay) = $M Aart ay tan FU ye 5 ° Mihade | Ww ~ o A ay (0) _ yc = tn pies) tee) | 2 Um bare) - 5600) a Now » by C0) = Chi) = Lin eee 5 Cho) kao = Um ech) - att Ko | Ua Ha UG) = Hest -0 ~ k0 K em Han e) Lea, “th Th 30 een) j AR fen hen") _ Ltn K ton! OH RO Rh m0 he | a3 3 tan “\UYn) () =hxt =h to Hoes bow) KO kn = ge: 70 Again 1 by (oe) = ~ lim 0-0 _ kee RTO Um. Chie) - 000) hyo h lin hoo hao h e Kt i he a 4 ine eS R- zt by cond = be — =t ae ve buy (00) = 30 fylovo) = ue bth) =tie0 Um Wtay! = 0 hao h a rg % [st Ee hao h acs) = ies Unk) = heen _ Um ty, tan! hy ~ (0-0) hao h th, * “| Thy = to, hs Mio Re ban | hig Re eee ee en wee Sf tien ‘sa! Or) Ot- 10.094) tt clay a hae Ast clas 2 hi SY Lem 605 & — COs, Oni nlx, nO TOSdK et Fe Gag oe Un Lh mass LTGP he A se a ee kao rs oh cana | 2 'Uae 2 ee8 ) (S ) | kao 7K lin Xcode. sor yy. shee eine wo Kanan. coe 0 etna % | q fo § \ Lim sin an | Yah OF ps me (‘the chong) 2 Question 3 Gln ahi SS BRS 5 OT tay - 3 “thon Wed bx ond ae fons by cat) « ay Lim a lim es (eI) i % mo Rem TO REY @ Let teow - oe? 4 gGed*std NM tg Ow A « = foe WN 8 {hen cho that iy # by or) mI age ¢™ eo ! F Um IR © Un Grae) Um by = dye io) an a0 = a TE) (=a 108 @ Ub ty = HED se) vee) ode UR so) <0 y then shoo thal bay Com) # ball) ~ ty Se iy ae Keo ale oh noe KOR) "1 TA) ¥ Ay Udag €-5 debbiradion prove that DO 2st a a Um atl) =F ‘ot WIL “ ices : Let €70, be ochttoy j Now (xt!) “7H ? | = \3n-b) = 31%] 4 = gireay cen th yeas & S AXsconkinuows ot x22. Pay. > ean a] SE ia : we Here bea) loot nol, exist , lk 5+ ; . So bea) *. dtconfnuout . uw) So, Wal 20 > |@arn~a] LE | 4 hog, faa ay Heme 4499 2) aati 94 ay ty te Bet Gane “Hee bey =4 | q . saeiE a 4 a Un atases Ue OFE+R) Moy a= a aty mre eat 8 Oy aah) ° 9 ° aa Ce EE veces THRE continuity ob the ste. ollaaing mth GARR a, stdin Vwnelion ok a1 are Gat 7) wm Gish F bey = ia th wz i duet th net Here fay = Ql = Leyare3 s LeHeL ReHeL, A, An at) [im Caer = fio frowns = fo beni] diate, aah lo xe at: =a ty be hey | dekictle value 2 Ue (2-ah-)aaet Rape) | a fheay sk aa] ae AY Ww hey eS oo Hence the tundlin 3 dtecanltnw at aa, ei = | ty Un bea = beay , Oy Ib hey = Gott thowey | Ya y Lo th ar they bide kb 1 Th one ore rnore ob the above conditions Box-by 9 the wt | "tundlion ‘Wf cal ty be discontinuaws at %x=a'. t Oa ythad “the » bunckfon tex) -= a4 % tee Here we ero thot ber ts contfnrous 2. bed Ant Bt ellie! Sigal) a oy oats) Kin gan) hao ai — =) ttm agen = Js lin QaCith)=b =! _ lt eth " Aca ige , {ten ea - cos (2388) => Ut 1 _ 2 abs] 6 ) it a (Hen e2h) ab a1 in 49 (ith) -b ieee (es) i “sin ~j] 2 ath =t yga-b =! beta y aS oe mel _ : ea 8) Lape @y 5 C084 = 4 (C054) = - A+ Cos, Sinn, ach =ie 2 ae aa yb is = =A Sing: cos, = = Sta 2H, ¥ ‘ cae Desivabie_ & oa aaa y= bea Me Rag t log ht te qr dy = cat Oa) = 2) Cnt) dy = beaten) -y Dercvabte gh. Composite Funedton = MAF Bent An} — hex) Th Y ts a bunction tS debined by a a roe a) y= be and VR a bunching of x clebIned by oq tegen then y fsa bunelion ofa bunetfon of Qy Gi sing = cosm m tes Y= log % anf beag. =| sing dy dt x-ded] 2 fm Cath) - bea) wo provided bet) and gx) are dibberenttable. tunedin) ite en ath) - Sin Y= (ad45a49)" j Jo h . Fs n(@ohd-) eng (te) tte 4 adr Sata) Cor+s) h70 h Dedvathe ob Pverete trigoriometa aa Mg Dileratiktin aalng lsat ith + % ny © od 4 y cals Bo x tlt 7 a abe = pee + In¢ax-1) = LA Bed 3 Otbbexenbiadion «ob = tmpleetle. Func ton t= The burned we have been ditherentiate {41 noo ane up the orm. y= feo . In there brunclion we can express. ‘y? exclusively ‘nterms ob ay, eg i bow aKsy my 70 2 Pay —ypsS HO 1 yt 8 ; a yura)= we ¥ PE kts expressed) Rn Ae fou y= Fee « 3 say that y's ten at an explick function In other cate a % nat: possfble +o wate Sy Sirterans om R.A bunetiog Tony) te sod t be an 4 ihe Functfon th tb &% not possible. to wort" oy) 1 exchusively aS a bunckin oa x. \ Rnd the derivative of such, Tltete pollen uh reaped fo. We we j fone Loy. 4] Eat Pad # + ‘Saco Bee ay sate ay Pm 4 FOU) Maes QY Find a th X20 (oreind) y= a (1 C059) ow - = arte)», oh ad (tha * ab te +104 SH 2-3CH day > (b+ 104) 4 Byte -Qoy 3 dt - Ra Bo Loy : rigs d 4 44 oye 2 in coe Debkination of, a. hun ton with, cespect tog as & Cixcose) ag cost Funckion 3 t su sing a Let y= fos and “z= qo » ora £ eo dltborert bunchion ,' then Expansien of fancktin, oboe, anne Y, nl Theorem $- Th a bunckion ‘6’ %s ty Continuous on. the Carb] Ebhorentfate’ on the Cars) races Tah pa way beay = baw) es Ct AL Hen TB clas loath aks ltt tSo cs) o28 oa Sif Dierenbiade ‘Reaneled Furetin al tex wre) Give wo) When mandy aie expressed) th teruns ob ancy hy variable gay Poe a= $0 ‘ Tw SUBS chee 1 ae eo Tr) (8tg-4) cr 4-2) Fn such cases “t 8% called the: parameter. . by the_cho#n cule. ob a bercentiation , we have ae : ib b tsa constant bunckton %n arb] then Fo =K] bor all x eLab] whee & &a constant. » 7 bog=o boc alt. eé Cais] «Hence the aft | a pan Sn |e): bleey eo]. seas cetiananel 2 ancient > . oY te act a constant tunction in Last] nod nearby hes the value bro) Stace boy= bo and be - ' 70 there must be a port © ty (as) suc that bore some 870 ethan bey 50 bon Keb and [Vey co bon ne (c,¢48) 3 vey eco bore Ke 5c) K eyo bot xe Ces C49) 77 Fore tig © bs biy © we gt beo =o on S ditkerentiatten at every pont tut), AGiearnebically Rolle thearm says. that vo% continuous 00 Carb] oft and bea). $eb) Mhen we can find a poiat plesk) en the cueve y= hex) where acc Bey = tas Go ‘b> sadtghy ‘all the’ thee conditions of: Rolle 's + Ib dikbexentiate on ah - theaam: on: Cha} bi Rolle’s theerm there -ensi J ats least «peat cota at) such that . eer +0 beey= ac-3 : dc-3=0 eu tt a sy Ce Cia) thus thee exist 0 point wh WDE bC te Thus the alles these &% veka. Layee 5 Meciny Value Theor ¢ a Function sty Continugaus ion [ark] ty dittecentiate on (aw) then’ thelit east Mone paint” © Fo vib) such thot [fey = bO=KO b-a * =o Geamebeical Representation 2- ¥ a atv) Ke ) er a There 4, the quareriead Anterpratadion ob Longaanges | mean value theorem } 7 Tris) theo says that CR fe continuous | en Carb], and 6 %s, dtbberentiate on @xb) then we can bead pcerbeel) on the curve y= » when) aceel suchy that: tangent Une ak pS CycHy’s MEAN VALUE, THEORM ts parallel: to the curve Joining the | potnt a wal, aad Wn kine cut ita ay Ca, fea) and B Cb» bor) 5 ay Lagnange’s mean value, theowm bor th y beth, axe continuout op Lars Aibberentiake on Cab) shaadi goat d ee x ed by Fed = tata on the’ qior #0 bow olf 1 Gut] then ther exist een atleast one. pint. e fo lays) duch’ hak bey = t- Batt boy bey bte) Vay = 4n-% qo ge . go Clearly bes) exist on the ad» Hone by ts Taylor's Seri fo ile boom | Genenaltsed to AEbbecentlate on (112) and ts contfouout en Ube] ean So hogranges mean ve thesem thee exick ableas the Ata) onder bon every value ob; on one pont € Sm Cra) Hene bey = Qey*-3-444-= 6 thot Ths vents clue thearsn’y- 2 AAS 6 -sabisbles. oll the, boo condition ob Ib fo possess Athherential co-ebtcrent of the fas] and. their oo order dlecivativg tn fay = 22 aa the tars) then then eaict ¢ Cait) such bay = Ley 3R 44 9 bee) = bea) +t-a)beay + 7 (b-a)™" + they _ bth) - bea) i S| ie lege tase wor Bay + he = eg Sb ‘ a i= oe Bag) a -3=3 . ce Te WT os wte cae yo be ther neath roby ape Hho abter ‘ten. \ . Thus ‘therm exist a pot c= 3 tn Ga) such tal [hey bay Coe ‘ Wb b= aah then Kogeanget ean value’ Thema & Fay = ko atypia + Fey Pape YY Ca oh) ya ‘ & called Aaulae's Serie ~y When 020<1, this with the mamaiider’ do laqranges born aby ‘a terms - i “ bog = bor) sellin . bea Fabio te Mey + & +6 CO, 3t a Reccchs TT BE Con) + a $e + where 04664 ° - This Se known as Mazlaunin’s seuss ob expansion - pal Hence. Macloussas’ series expansion 1° ty foulor’s “Series exparuien ” aboud- 4-0! 87 Expand the rllesig sunekion by wing Maclaunin’s) Semties “ expanion y & wy Stam, BI7_CO8% wrileg tea) Wlogt-yy Ty Hee boo = en i fee? = beg + eb t a bea etka 2+ : geo eS = Heed, Boyer’ = POeL ic gl f te ore ay b'to)+---, eh = Ltt Se @Y Prove that A < TK 2 ben) phy ~ Bea 4%) + Adhd ee IH 1 ‘ Wanye, ahits hetly > boy bey a bayd 4 log Gry) ~ pee Thiol * A ox ged = lag Cia) qo= pa a 7 Log Way 1 ine = ea, VR ge) ¥ goer go t 3 gt 70 =) gs 20 , ; Sprite, log O49) > 0, ; mw rbeg C142) = @ Freon, equedton 94D. we get AK elog Ce La drcelly Trea KYO pri 1%, ane log Crem) <% ¥ RDO Rroeetag hance, yo Wrage i Todeterminate Foxms 3- Qy Lin aI le el ts o Quo nama Ken bea and Lm quam tate | then Win Bend (at om 0) buck hen cae = hand m ane both 0 the aude eb nit can nt Lem ot tna ~ (, | be applicable . In this case’ the guottot tons, nero ane ul the bore 2 which? fs» an ‘ndelaominate ee . Other deferninode’ orm s- 0 0 " end gee Ay RENT ga fo | Tn sudh cases the bint vray or A Ady eal Except (2) boem there ane 6 other indetecminant Let & ond qv two bundhion , such “that ye Wy oxe ty em Wot wy LP dee yh yy one continucus th an tolewal containty 47 Evaluate the bowing Rents = Pty Lin abate 7 09° | L'Hogttal Qube E re 4y Yeo and qe eget Sn: the Same ‘internal a nae Sadat LS. ay gis 0 where 1-8 j by wang L Hospital's rule. ty Keo) = geaeo, then Lm Feds Im Veo Vin fet ey gy Ute 4 Eee due TAG FD) MAO TE) 4 TO ES 7 are WE nosed that Later (mit » eatet . wa ae wy ho cose % (0.%) sy Wosplel’s rule con be apple ay number 4 tim 4 T8 ak Aires provided that each guecessive ane dedvodtives ob Foy and ge setishies the rca conden ob L’Hespttal’s: cule. im See. + tm =O" ay lala ccc i 0 Aa, =7 4ca= 0 Sw Ln aly doa (S) This ts the been (e nol) ° 2) : fen 2 = 9.0m! 9 a \Csia( .Cié..4.. eee Seva Lm i) (Kooks) (ee ae ey. thy « feeanen) () ago \& te) ago ( % ca) ols = a Vy Um ag Uy : 4 M0 | Ye (tay ; | logy = K bog G4) 7 U _ Ui un 7 2 2 Yo opy = Sy ty OO La °, eg 1 i at a) = ) vue lo yaa *) loge fea) he! 2 Ae y=e' \ 2 AG: lee FE 8) * %8) Eoluk ten No] | ef ob the born! i you log y= Sia In on, 3 Een lay = Me Som Inn (0 ,%) oy. IN = = ky a (4) tin WY) ee ~cobeen, coba, oe linn = Rat (4) a0 HKCOt ‘ Ky, Vat we -2 stot cos "7 Lame ates pees By, wag Pio as Um no 2 Un yae = Se ey | ltr ge aod 3 Un qa m0 Neg Nek aint — 4 oh \ or Oecdvabier of Composite funchazo Clone al Yorkie Let Haq, Shere, Ary one m0 Independent youtables but varce them self bunelion of oth trleperdent vasfable and s m= ¢ Cuw) yey Cun) then, 2% said to be composite. kuneS wk. th z= bey), here , rion oh K= gt in Yt then ‘2’ saff to be a compoctte bunct on ob ‘Tl. ‘Then the orctinarey co-dhicint 4e/y + Which & called the tala “clbherentia! co-ebbictant ob 2 wespec# to 2 = bony) a> 40) 7 eye) + dy ay =yt2) S aS a Dap ay? + Hany) re] « A Day ty Canty dn y Ftd de th 7 = YT adhere ant 7 “tt nyhayh— 202 0 yzt Sol ~~ “a Sede Oey + 8a. dy i a Dyan, . = t f 3 Messina ond Moria %- Ho Oe £ , 2a ae ere 8 at Endcems values of a. “buscllon ob 400 vaxiables = Bary! at + aay at? Ts bras) bea aera on rsintnaey value ‘ 0) then: beak) % coi to be a ottetar + gt6e9 at? ok bewy) ak Care) ee Se ee # wt™ com) Th there «edt some neighboutheed ob aie yo, a Git) such that bor ‘every point “Cath, b+) ae Z= KY tay", Where Magy ayt es ok tite neighbourchood Feat) > bCathib4x) then Find = 4 fea) f sai} ty be a masimum value ch a sere bevy) at Gib). BE 2 ey any® — on y= 4% T there ealst some nelghbeurheod of deo Or day Bush es) such that Boe every petil fart jy nc°) ay m mea x oh tke neighbourhood Bea) < Keath, bax) = & es % H then bea) “e said to be a motimum value aa. dy 4 Bean rt CO) Dae HE ef 0g dy 5p Cary) at Care) . Necess Conditions bor On extreme value | 9. Mcrae» webs, da Function Tovy) at qin » The. necettary condition for bearb) to be - x . fay an extreme value ch boxy) ame that blab) = 0 Carb) =O Sulkident conlttion tox the. extremum a. function bony) at Carb) i TE bata) 0 and bycani=0 orf 4 ba Corr) = A boy Cam) =~ B ty casy=c then bea) Se a Manimum value of bexy) abi vcos) AC LB® yo Cand AS). bears) fe minimum value of boxy) ak cay th Ae phir'o Cand A 70+). BY beat) te nether aq rsonirrurn nore @ eninimun . wallue ob Beary) at” eisy Whew 20 Csaddiy 2 Tl cake of © deubttud “and” need” tor "Further fnvestigatiér th” AC->—o 8 Feng the masima. and. minima sof the. buncion bexuy) ” Pap Bm- Vy 420 bas 33 y= ayia 2 Bia 0 4 Wynn =o 3 “1 yrs ye” OER : “hi Sb? ban =, 6x, bye 4 \ pa tee extreme points ace (1,2) Cuy-dh Woe) = B6my = 2 Ch = Bay = 92 Cry = %ewy-— Qo-2) = aon = a Then C12) ,(-1y-2) ane extreme potnts and (-2) C12) ance saddle point boa Cisa) = GR = 6CN= 4 Crffniinum) ban Coa) = 6a = GINS -4 Cmartimurn) MRatrnum Value ¢127 ¢ a ays Bx-Tdy +20 = 148-3 -%+420 = % Hosimum Value C-1-2) 4- arya Bx Ny +20 = 1-843 Fy 420 = By Enarine the bancllon aay gut pee enticeme values . WIT bee is be ey by = nays TAa-yn'© 2 AHBae Yale, + aatys bra, = 24, byy = nyt TAT S eg boy = 2 A448) = J -K4 B2qF ed 2 Bry3—4 = 0 Seen "she burdion minimum ak (ps 36) (ea 4 They geo) Bavtasas bar Ard) iS bys crake mhen %=0 ryee by = Br -1 oa 2 AE Gir, 24 [= Wino Babi = 6 Aces anb-Cih= 2:1 2 The bunchion 24 sinioum, ab Ha) The bunelion %e rittimum. ab Ges de) ace ty! polate are , | = yo ae ae te Ad) yoo 4 ale a 7a 1 Ne VO og D+ = a = at WS, Tag Meena Funcktey has shalon once vdlig be 0, °), ea a ee (e134 (ie 2a)" (aR “aa) ay by = C= 0 bee Helo =f Hablics to Heh extreme yelues 3 6 es the extreme values ot a bunching coctain ig Hence 3! £07 Thereboce hunst ay—nePthert moaion three variables Cuz) cubjecl to a condition now -aatequm, (ro) , bag, = A= 2, 1, byy me > lag) nat | bey 2B Hc Fompt) = boyy tag uy) hewgh = ax S-() = 8-12270 Uy0) at an extreme points the bet order parkia) Plouyizy = a conden a bunch on duavativer . : Fano) Fy 0, Fao + then caress) © ay erhrane getat then ft fq petal ob maximum , 9 F, <0 anf a pelnd of ium Wb FSYO - Heng Ie & alain by tacky Yat a cath ol derdrolive ob 2 Be” ach dtsined boy the conditfor Heahayoa: sy Th mye = a Cuayez) Thon pave, thal the value Oy ay tyne ey te eB oa Here beuyz) = wg nett (mp2) = ayz— a Cxtyez) = Leb us coutder that buchen Fouyiz) =) ayayen 24 + Aye Cyn] ~O at ay extreme peta Faro =) yro12+ alee 0B Fyre 77 xazto ta(nz-@J=0 ——6 f= 0 +) asyro4alay-aj-o —@ Haltiply anys & epuakion 21a ay respechioly iad Hen addin ve et (92g a1 ag 2 Pe at PERE) 2 hs: at 2272 3 ate yee Y Neyezs Hece ay = a Casyte) op = aby eats ) 4 fa may AY 24 Ze 2 Bet Baht aoe Some a= facta) det bey = icity, beay = la Lita) ba= hay Vin) = “Yury? ee bcm) = al Hes) = 2Ci4ay3 “Hae? 7c Fen = “Yosge M, Bey = */asays Uaty > ear’ Hehe) beny = Fray Bes) Cana) +E) cca) spiny aa 7 aya yen) + Baye -2 Garey 2 D(aytyr+2n) ¢ A [3x2 -4y2J > ° ) eM 9 x (my tyztza)+a (L%y2) <0 Palen = (ay tye) 4 Here eayiz) = bent cay + abz. ap plug) = aye mt the value ob A to yy @ iu ef et at emider the buolin Feanjz) = ben + Cay tabs. 1A Cary) —@ Koon extreme poet Fa=0 yt YZ = Se we cs Hob the minimum valle ob bees cay t abr te Babe yt2ztA Cyz- 27 ~0 2 yr “(2 Hy [y2-2] = 6 yz Fa, ~be +040 +A G2) 20 ___@ 7 ye - (SE)or-2 AP on exeme pil Fy <0 | 2 Fyn Ot Cato tA 2) =o — — | oa Ab on exkrome pind fine | 7 yor = ae iE , Fu oe tary} =o ——_G uy2 fy equahion @.O© %® then sea we get tbe + Aay2t ya + Aqyz + ches Aayz = oro+0 a He Tae 1s Gualen @ anf O ay Ro ~ a Cye42y 42x) Ey 7 BAqyz ei- (abe + yea +ab2 z)J=0 2 (ubery aly = ae (y2 tay 42x) adie me ae cee Hee ybe yh? s ad? ( pulling the value of '3) fo ejuahtey ® yz” ode ot es @ aa # See eee ee eee els yi bc— bent yearabe yj mo see benrgir) . bexteay tobe ohe +0 tab 2 “pe wabe ee ce abe: 2 as > be Kt YOO so a ? an , Jf Dba Fy bey = bes, ayy cba es : he " e | 7 Cay = ben + Cay + abe,’ b= yb Rs] then abz ab Bob se hats EEG allo Secs a oe ee + [2m 20 WKAR) YabK, Ze0R sheachece boniyi2y has a minimum of af alien ts ab, (arbic) . Thecebore the - value on minimus) unt: Sea value ben scay+abz = abe 4 abe + abc Rae il = Babe Re oe eae ve “ileal edn Creel GY Sobe nee ret L Thecehore” bearyin)> has an exheeme, “pefat ef ha ee (abe) + To chess, the ockweme! peta & a 7 SGM « re pou ob Macsimum, Ore. refnseticum qe pvya=ak, af a a= ae a lhl realial) with respect fy by Salat wo 4 fro tripe | je an ay ah Pale de Sle Iyer} ah fey e la ly*ty MM see eee ecco aaa Wh tthe cepice} gocal equally.‘ ay HL de nf D9 On “alepading both cides ay. (4 lag? Tee 7 nye ts ne : a4 ay toaty = tan, + tale ap tery = ton! GES =} YCimxc) = x40 Henageneaus Oilbecenbiol Equaltor:- A. dithecendia) equalion. ob the bon ay. bow) an qu) Xs called 4s Homogeneaus equalion . WW beuy) ond Gore) are homogeneous bunchion ob the came degree. ls 4 ay Solve oo 4 mK This 8 of th (ob 34?) da + By dy = 0 dyna ty ¥ boven Fomogenecus . polling y= va, 77, Hoeven 2 ven ge y lef y~ as w= 4 dv +, Dune a? ry (aver) et va etax _¥ avr) —v> wan vs. v + beth aides he fe e 2m + Ine > Tos DTA = athe: (magi ayy Quetion Net Spesel Fem Hoare Eyalg”/ Poe SHNon - hamagen eous equation 3 The 15 order and the Ast gree ibhertond igh equolton koh the heron Ay 2 ortrbphce 2 +g) aK Ont bat C, Where -1 2 Sa by Cose-1 Rate H 2. Cose-2 = Cote - 4 3- When) a » then tk can be reduced be hamageneout borern by puting % > +h and Y= YAK pohen hand i ane conttanls | ele Which ee fo be determined. Then ay - dx dy =? dy Sally these value fo quad inn) act Ay. alii bi(¥ aK) re, ae @ Ck+th) the CyaK) 40, 2 U+by 4 +ajh+b ik) : a,x thy c,+ agh hak) Now h and K can be chaoten euch thal Ct Uh tb =0 and C+ Qh+bk -o : Fort thes B values ob h ond & , the equation Gi) reduces to mere sthich x haragencoug aitterentie equation ond can be elved by y= Bx Core -2 i Whey % - b _ a ee & ay = OsK 7 ee Wik cart be weitken ay aan by 4G, . K Carn by) +e, Or4 bylec, pot On-tby = 2 pul y=vx ALL vex de an aq QIN +x dee ao. 2 Xd tty nye tv vay? She an vay Iv | . ea ic ees ere: ae Here SL be ? R= hth YHYtK "hee Tray 4K The equad fon becomes i On takegeahion | 7 Shae ptt HAW At 3 a 7 > ee Viav2) x m ey 3 toa! (Vx) = b See ¢ | h+k+y 20 7) tow"! (ES. h-K-6 =O i Cora 2 Ee cand Se Reng =o aon - i 7h =k) oe ay a, — Gbry) dy = 0 2] h-K-¢ =o , 9 wo) oe 4 aS aa F The phen dtitereliad esualion 2. F.-w-e0 | Phtkrino hamogenems ctitterential equalion ~2n = 10 *)hgcsjay-o a oe ( Re- on weays Le y= vx > vex 2 a fs NT a * Wve. iv ha oA) > RM aI 2 qv. vevevi 1 Re yee a Rae tev dx itv3 3 de 2 BP as a tntegeai I booth sides amassing “the. tev) 23 fe ave (Ed 32 afeese y * 9 e ayia eS ants loge | a = tle x i lag! egy | apne “ae 4 “y Ugy se a > tei) = S d | Non ~hanageree corr ee Salve Cry) Coa-4y) = deadly 7 Ade ~ Xdy t yda-ydy = da ty 7 (KAY). dm, = Carty) dy = deedy, 2 OH) Ody -da = ary) oy + 4y M Do dn Cary) = dy (ary) ~) MAayeh ty ( Here M& - bt aye 4a, On Se aay ee (9 rep atl 2 7 | 2 4 [itso 2zt2 oz de yz Zelnz= a = af dy aif oy +c my ty + ln Chay) “2ae 6 ») ent yt In@ty) -Cc=0 Th A the general) regula] equation Buocl Ditherential Equabton $- het us consider a dtbberentfa) equation Md Mey = 0 sod Where MN ate bunclion ob 4% y . The dibberortial equafion % crock th aa = On 10% equofon . % Integrabloy of Sid Cirtegeafe 1 wet %) by fy Spat a constant | 7 SNdy C tabeqrating N wet.'y! tealag % coxttaad) The reqpiieed colublog fe (>. all the terra a to solve the exock atthherertia) whi not condatns to beat ) =¢ Pele (os 0y day am )dy = 0 VM =Cmay N= yhax Qu. on ' is y = BR Othe atiteceriad =) { Nd + f Ney = © equa SMa] + the terns obi 2 decarnnths=< es (a. 424) dy 4(y- ede = 0 May et Ne He eoy =) [Mda + Sndy ~ € DST dnt facta) ay = ¢ a4 "4 uy af =e =e Neyhime |, Ants Oe Tepe Factor i- Tee Let us, contder the fellaoing dtbberenfial eq? MdatNdy =0--@ a equadfin © € not enact Hhen we can chaste a bunchion Cary) cuch that abter multiph ing by tt the equab for -@ toecemes | a exact dlitherentia) eguafior) auch 1 (my) fan & exalt ts called ay inhepeabtag baton, - ( They f Pda t $Nda=ie TSA fOr) tyne 7 “dint ty = 7 Yaw thee eae dm ~ aw they @ SEC de th MANY £0. equation © hamagenens then the ‘ategeating toclor % Ya Ny CRY yang (By —22) ay fey = -2/ Me wy days N= By = a 2 oy rate ealing Packet i, ptheody Be dunes’ 1 <4 4 ! a 2 StH aaa a 5 PW aye ON 204) 4y Can) re ¥ Ugen4 tana) = J Geen-tany + tan™)- 444 © Seen tann =m I Se 20 Asi , Oy “a mye maa, Wr, oi. Fecdtag bah dex by a, we ‘na ayy 8 lo Rae § ce y H#-%=% iy fs of the be (near satel hey Dr =e SR. cha. he eoted By MulFplying beth side Awe get 2 ayy 1 vai 4 eat 2 DSR Jae 4 4 =f danse = Inx- Lee p Fauestfons ob AT ore ad hiker gece Hae p= dy as, The equalon & ek the baa OP” ap™ 4... tay erty Ag ---- Ay to om cme, bunebfon cb % , The abow equatfon, can be solved sap 1% Sdlvatle, ber p. a | ay Selvable bony. iy Solvable bere 4. \*5 Salvable nO es thie nethod the. equation can be widlten beep 3- Pre Ry Ratha nce ®, Saking PR © 0 , we get bCaye) 26 “a Phyo, ste, gel FaCaryic) 20 ching P-Ry= 0) ue get ty (uy eo 3 bere | Fey the Goren CPs) CP-Ry) LPR) on CPRa) = 0 Where Ri RaiRy--- Re are bunefion ob. andy, Sobing (PR) =O y P-Ry) =O ---—- P-Ry= 0 "The regu Balance) - edludfon te ~ belay). = 6 biCmyc)y Qy apts KYP + oy & 37 RP a Beye - ayes ty = ‘Fy AP (p+ y) — 2y (ap 49) = > (434) (Hp-2y) > 0 ae ta 8 ery Tay Pe ~3y 76 3E 24 DK ay 4 (&%~ es > afte ob (-sgteda RR af efag 7 lay © Aha loc a toy = ~alom ating 7 hay = Ana > { s ees W eeete DYE voy yp yrwes 0 -- =) The: negutaed od in 4 Pedueble as os Sawable. kart In th Fike sald the sali ob the team yr bowen) --- To bend the colubfon, ditberenffahing. w.n-t, a, we get - a bat bp at ny, > 4. h 4 Galiag the abo epain, wt gel 7 Ae aL there a= by Chie). 7h =S “Aare ae Then elisinafing p Yeon! equalion ¢) Geet les a We get athe “Regular ean TP aN at ahs apm 3 Shy Gauable eg arcde-S - G- 8) e j Ta We rmcthed the egualin fob the form -) Aen) ba 1X). ae bey --! . a” ' 4 | Then etherenbiatiag wact. y, we gel UN an | & =k v % i | = by + bp Es « ‘ " dy 7 (nam bap t hee t-Wth Paige Sobing ue got oe "4 92 7 ~(l ~ ty. L tan =6 Al the); === dh ie ayne sant” = 6 alinonalt P es equalion & we get t he “agieed. solution , “7% E oy dash sy -= 0) tsk *Oy Solve nyt auyp sian = i 7 Salve ay 204-4 0% ~ 0 Obbenent . a roe gel aj Duy = ap Sue Saar oe ay > ys Mtan any 24> a [vr wy ap fs Ji- +e DB. -H% > ny = olap + ine 2 lap = tae lay Fy pal oh “Om = =o" a8 qwwe- $20 oe hear wh tt fe Lineax fo the dependent The mol general linea . equation ob eden 0 athe beer PE 0, Ay Be dace a a 4e + a + + “Shy TOY = Fea) * gel A dibberendial eration of onckn a te sci to variable y end the, dechallves yay" yt Gen” the Woht ct bon ob the equation te equal Other He equafion & “called Ramegencaus Kineox, : To colve the herpes Linear equation jwe toe yo} and D=m Then He audlany equskon, AE = Qgm” taym"! +--+ a,_,m +a, >0 retinge Real Rooks + Me MM vMa----Mg ane aibterenl ceal rools then Fe COMM ey ces Repeated Real Roobs - Pee ee rae Then Y= eM Cant ats- -- “+qa") ; | Confugate reaots 4 | Th the ool ane axtip , then Y= CNC COOH + 6, shop) Comples, ond es tay tek dy = 6 Me btey =o a& % a homagengaus “near equal 109 with aha coekitch oman te ‘They the clay espaien rc m-Em+o ~O J] m= 3m -2mM+6 = 0 J mcom-3) -2(m-a)s0 *) (-3) (m4) =o yom=3, ond mar Tk & 9 hero constant — ceekticfen? by a 121 ed Fea Then the ownillacy epahion & creo Linear equadion with mem FY = 0 7 m= Im—2m +4 +0 ~) m(m-2)-2(m-2) =0 2} (m-2) Crn~2) = | Sph Tomar and mor \ Then, the general aduffon & : e y= eS Cater) TH ts a hemapeneour Urea equation with constant coebbich “hoe axalady equalten & mtn +8 ia 7 avb™Yac 2a =. <4 SMe OL NE ? > a 2 = 2tat They the general cdubion ye €* (ei c0s 14 + G sina) \ok QY yay ay" say? ty = Th & a lee ae LEsear equator, with constan coelh ite hen the aunty equally 7 wit = Bo 2p Dr 1 26 ota dnd on tlm = ob ot einem $12 <9 2 mi(m=a) —m2(ma=2) -Ym(m =a) -6(m=-2) = 0 7) (1-2) Cte ym ag) 0 Joma r om mPa Smh4 2m” — mem 4 = ¢ °, NCAR) ee “Thery the awry equabte m= bm 43 = 0 2») rah (Bu) + Del r— Be) hg Bran teat Le \ pace Boia x e TT MCEM=-a) ~U Crea) 2& ee } - 9 Como) vee ° =] m= 3 end mex Im+y =, m= ay fe et ae" | Tt Rap honagenens Atrear equohiin uit | ceehbicter# conan by pubting yrt ond g- m Then the oxecllany equadton (AE) fe wen =0 | ey mt = Jom = ait ce Contlemertacy bunck ion Ye = (Geesvaq + Ca,8tnvin) =h othe required ome ion, & if A 72, = = Cet Case +s 2423 y= YetYp CCeevint sofa CA (a jo) ay (D4 +3)y = eas ns cos sy, (Foe_# Mare) Th & a hewageneous Lnesie eguallin with mrogenen Ou ea in) contort —ceekbietent , %y pablng | dem Then, autos aquatton Che) & mdm +3 = 0 7 oP -3m-m +350 => mCm-3) -4(m~3, k {2 sin amt Cox a] \arrsycmaryeoo “ip = SS [aly a -tos15) ym- aa Cer maltipty Ay \ Ce paar bunch) Ye= Cre + 2c »@ Why ~ aay iyi = (a eas tm cat 2) TE & homogeneous rea equally utth coat Dm apa, coekttcent , oy pulling \ ™ I = 02 + C08 2. =| 2 on Z D-4043 " a m4 aS &: casiny —) cosy | Ton the aunty eqialton Caley te oF 4(Dp)t3 es Meee a eeiea i. ot easin + 1 car, ye 4 © DS 420-4p-443, a me FPS eee on” I i x =o ee C0 2% cag, : S7iagas it es eny = LA [a Funktion. Ye = [¢y cosan + casto24) pe costa 4 4 “Gina” oa & a 2 “9-443 [| D2 = -(42) eee ds, 1 pray htt egg on tp eos 3m, : “Ey aeons) le Prasinony pack Fares (15 ePncomaie eh ap ET | eat e ical ate 3 aye an =~ t x ny 0-4) : wealig orubkiply (@n) Muliply (20-3) rin = 4) ie ak ~ LP ob oases “4 - ob 9) Ds cos 3 oh FD oe & aera 2(48), ‘\ ‘ in 1 ; = Tp. 4 = TE roman + 2B cos ay cat cad i op hed ze. ob 8 OF = eS (rcmrn +2ainda)t Fo C4 nda 3.03 Po ee ae ee ie es, gels tT \ HT oh 2 1 ve J ! Te Yh = C40 YO) + CoE). HAC) t t . yo. 3) fad ape A | : | e tl | Yoh ™ li PS } = Tp. ob (cor tasting) | At Faby) Panaeatiacll aaa eae = LP. -of cs 5 Sing * . x wy ‘ a 1 oats iu as Us) io iH ices | Vosialion sh parameter A] Feil spel aba BS 17 Fed the “pardiculeye tlegead ob (OPrIy ~ cee 4' TUNA theft glgdom by we vaniatfoy ob parameter se “on 0 A ; The Aunilly aguabion CAE) &% [°. a THOR Seem Cie Bean ite) moe =o a ome 4 cha Siete Bs Jom nee pH Al ral ote ak isl. eet o i Com 9 “+ Complenesdony Funeltan Ye = (G81 %+ ey %.4)) HF) iesiag ts ee sath The % ob the -heasn eG oa , | eA CA WN) 4 Gay en'y fo Cx) = ft ay Here, j TaEN YER) C85 4x0") = ston, “f oumpates - Unit ; =) (=m) Citam) <0 | => Agympltes © a shea Ue whith tucks 7 Une Hamme the cucve y= bey ads Fabia cy) oe ges Ae Weseing ule bore Asymplote $= eee che) Bevan) | ty Stopliby boy) <0 and put a=1 and yom | om) Bean rt toto highest elegeee tema and say th gow) - $f maat \ Steablarcly , tad Goat) » I=m=3ee \? wut dogel =o ont se HE toe mefoimgrnin) MMM 7 a Get pik oy 2 RY For c= ~Pet) ay fac cod mrs mi Cm) 0 Whe) many Y Find Asumptoles ‘by y-mn+e Ask : When m=“) ace ~ BY Solve oe Find asymptoles ob the cume * id Re any apm ayF 4 3ny gaya | =o | af Given cume fe - || f: The nagutced auyrnptolex - yaa-t = 0, ot + ancy Ny Pa Say Hayton) ay hon. p RYFAHL = 0 Here n= % Chighert degree) Qy Ferd asynptotes ob the curwe - | By pulang ant and re tab: 34 and x Lr yPe 3 any degree teens $9 eguafion iy | Boge : gem) = 14 amomPe dW hy ‘Oy as : gm) = Br Bah | glee Raat le i eT eH P- Dany ~o By equation vii), Glm) = 0 eee 3's n H] 142m 0 ant ao 19 27 Crtam)— nC eam) =o Rallig X=" ond yam "ty “wel and. 204 degree term %H equation Ci) Gyr) = Lent $,(e) = -3a% — it) ey equation & , gon) =o tame 9 J U4m) Cm +m) = 0 2 lam=0 lemme 0 Jomt) me ttMd eat eg fo» xympoles ‘ Foe tmagtrony “value ob | | | | cee 2H29 _ dam) Boos | f $ cm) fo Bmt ee & Wh m= 1 9 C= Sena c+ The repeal] asyrapbles % > yomare Y= CNet Cay | a. grates 0 Lay) Sphere. * a y Tk the couke % af a, p,7 ond nadtuy & te , then the equaffoy eb the Sphere & @ ty Ib the end potds cha diameter are hy We ond (Apr ter)» they the equabton ob the (aoe) + (yey tte ery eat Sphere (aA) ants) HHI) AE-B(Z-T,) =o 8H Genera) equalfon of the sphere fe : BaP gain ravy tRerad =0, whoese centre | % Curinw) and modi % Jutevewrd | yD a phere passes lth the origin , then the equalien of the sphere Rayer d + nun dey + dun = 0 | Sechton ob a aphece $+ | 9 The’ genera) equallon of a sphere te eer Duet uy + Quz +d =o. rd the genre equaffon oh 0 plone te Ant By t Cot0 = 0 —— iy Where ABC the coatbicien’s ob KYZ ane called Atreckten rakes ob! the momma) to: the | | plone . Chace The twhesecfin ob a sphere and a plane te tele » le Therelore equally dy Ka % calle CME, the efeele Tr the plone passes theowh “the cendne ob the “ophore’’ then the cite % called a gees? etme te To biog ‘the centr i ch the: ache”, the chee em te fs = (U-vs-) cand mad?us of thé sphere ts = Jutavawteg - B gc =v The debberence trom the plone, oe = | AC) +a) +eCu) +d A oot The wadiu ob the cincle AaB =[c>o-Ac roltos ok AC ane AGC s then eguatfon of AC HOW Ll YoY _ 2-Cw) f a rc dh Sntectection oh AC and the plane i the centre of the circle Equalton of sphere threushy a cache ¥ a er 4 the cphere te S>0., ord the equafion ob the plane ts p=o, the Therebore, eqpadfon « of ony phere thicugh the clecle %& S4+k.p=o Where K% a constan} > The trdeweckion ct two spheres Re also a dncle . Let the equalfer of Lew spheres one S\=0 and $= 0 «then -equatfon ob an sphere ‘through the abeve cincle fs 4 9+ KC Si-S) = 0 - Blltpseid To bind the ceabe ob the reo hal | «The prin} eahersecfion cf s=0 and p=o ta cRncke, Coricotd_ 4 : “he goood equalion ok a conrceid ts Q secon degree equatton tn ay sie. 1 ons oy ca. of q get aban 4 Blmy Flu t Quy twat de Conbea) Cortes " ‘ The equabton of the comcsld uith cendee ot od the orden %onttebyts Coh= 2 | The eguabfoy of on Apc & A an 480 é Heypecboletd ° The equatien ch byperelsi of one aheel Xs mt ek ae wo sheel & at yt Tongent ane y= The equally ob the plane af is torpent (ert) fo any contest "Ee obtained by pubting some ye yp ats 29 Where An, = At ay > Yh a he MK ye SE = 247 my “by 22 28 * Condétton a tage / abet +Cz2 =| b Lyaye dhe conte =p, The as hen =p. % a tangent sie tb the ellipedd . £ Point Conkock 2- I Tomer a aga lore contesid i 402% 21, they the jaa conbag) +H yz . Conan! ¢ 4 rt locus ob Lenes | the crack which axe. parallel Hes iy to 0 sven [ene and bese Coed too few cwUe . Gereralor “The ge cure te called quin eume , the ge re % called ks tg the anit Ines ane called Generador of the cylfncter z Egualten ob C Gitader + oy “equal ob the a ender whose’ cl tntersect the cunve Ost +ahiy th Phathyne | hore Z=0 ond axe ‘porabied to the “Line on 4-3 1 Le p Ceci) be ony potnt on the culinder they equator of be ony % Kaw. A“ BL U ™ Line vf the pekak co,piyd to the lene Ze =

You might also like