Scribd
Upload
43 views

Module 5 - 1001

A reviewet on ccs 1001 module 5

Uploaded by

rdzcuatriz2663
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views

Module 5 - 1001

A reviewet on ccs 1001 module 5

Uploaded by

rdzcuatriz2663
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

MODULE 5

COMPUTING COMPONENTS

System unit

• Case that contains and protects components of a computer.


• Also called chassis.
• Trend is going smaller.
• Inside contains:
o Drive bays
o Processor
o Memory Module
o Heatsink, Fan, Cooling systems
o Power Supply or Battery
o Video card
o Sound card

Motherboard

Also known as system board


is the main circuit board

A computer chip is a small


piece of semiconducting
material that is usually
silicon.

Processor

• Also called as the Central Processing Unit.


• Popularly called as CPU
• Processor core contains the circuitry necessary to execute instructions.
• Contains a control unit and Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).
Types of Processors

• Multi-core processor - A chip with two or more processors.


• Dual-core processor - A single chip that has two separate processors.
• Quad-core processor - A single chip that has 4 separate processors.

Each processor core on a multi-processor runs at slower speeds than a single processor,
but multi-core processor is better in overall performance which is noticeable when
running multiple programs and is more energy efficient, generating less heat than
separate multiple processors.

Parallel Processing

• A method that uses multiple processors at the same time to run a single program or
task
• Example are super computers

Comparison of Personal Computer Processors


INTEL

• Core Family for high-performance


• Pentium or Celeron for basic computers.
• Xeon or Itanium for workstations and low-end servers

AMD

• Ryzen promote mainstream enthusiast but used for professional work and
entertainment.
• Intel compatible processors
• Like Intel and perform same functions
• Can be as powerful
• Less expensive

Machine Cycle

For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of four basic operations.

o Fetching – Obtain a program instruction


o Decoding – Translate instruction
o Executes – Carrying out the commands
o Storing- Writing result to memory

Machine Pipeline

• Most current personal computers support pipelining


• Processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine
cycle for the first instruction.
• Processor that uses pipelining are faster because they do not have to wait for
one instruction to complete the machine cycle before fetching the next

Registers

• Small, high speed storage locations that temporarily hold data and instructions
• A part of a processor, itself.
System Clock

• A small quartz crystal to control the timing of all computing operations.


o Each tick equates to a cock cycle.
o Processors are superscalar (can execute more than 1 instruction per clock
cycle)
o Clock speed, the pace of the system clock.
o Measured in ticks per second.
o One gigahertz (GHz) is equal to one billion ticks per second.

Processor Cooling

• Processors generate heat


o Heat Sink – small ceramic or metal component with fins to absorb and
disperse heat.
o Liquid Cooling Technology – Uses a flow of fluid to transfer heated fluid
away from the processor.

Data Representations

• Analog Signals – continuous and vary in strength and quality. Its how humans
communicate or share “data”.
• Digital – recognize two discrete states ON and OFF.
• 0 and 1 – on and off

Binary System

• A number system that only has two unique digits.


• 0 and 1 – are called BITS
• A byte is 8 bits grouped together as a unit, totaling 256 combinations.
• ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) - most used coding
scheme.

Unicode

• 16 bit with more than 65,000 characters


Memory

• Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed


• Stores 3 basic categories of items
o Operating System and Other software
o Application Programs
o Data being processed and the resulting information

Memory Size

• Kilobytes
• Megabytes
• Gigabytes
• Terabytes

• Volatile memory – Loses it’s content when power is off like RAM.
• Nonvolatile memory – Does not lose it’s content when power is off like ROM,
flash memory, and CMOS

RAM

• Random Access Memory or Main memory


• Reside in the memory module
Cache

• Stores frequently used instructions and data.


o L1 cache – built in the processor (8-128kb)
o L2 cache – slightly slower than L1 with larger capacity (64kb – 16MB)
o L3 cache – on the motherboard (up to 8mb)

ROM
• Read Only Memory, refers to memory chips storing permanent data and
instructions.
• Are called firmware
• PROM, a programmable ROM
• EEPROM, electrically erasable PROM

Flash Memory

• A nonvolatile memory that can be erased and rewritten


• Allows computers to store startup instructions and easy to update contents.

CMOS

• Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor


o Provides high speeds and consumes low power.

Memory Access Time

• Access time refers to the time it takes for the processor to read data.
• The higher the hertz (MHz, GHz) the faster the access time.

Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards

• An expansion slot is a socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card.
• An adapter card/expansion card is a circuit board that enhances function of a
component of the system.

o
• Plug and play (PnP)
• Peripherals are devices that connects to the system.
o Modems
o Disk drives
o Printers
o Scanners

Removable Flash Memory

• Memory card
• USB flash drive

Ports and Connectors

• A port is the point where you plug an external device or a peripheral into a
computer.
• A connector joins a cable to a port.
USB Ports

• Universal Serial Bus Port


o Up to 127 connection in a single port.
o FireWire port, similar to USB, used for connecting devices that require faster
data transmission like video cameras
▪ Up to 63 devices together

Other Ports

• Bluetooth
• SCSI port – high speed parallel port for perpherals
• eSATA, IrDA, Serial, MIDI

Port Replicators
o an external device that provides connections to peripherals through ports
built into the device.
Docking Station
o is an external device that attaches to a mobile computer

Buses

• Electrical channels to communicate with each other


2 parts

o Data bus – Transfer data


o Address bus – transfer information about where it should reside in memory

• The size of the width of the bus is called bus width

Types of Buses

• System bus – part of the motherboard that connects the processor to the main
memory.
• Expansion bus – allows processor to communicate with peripherals outside the
system unit. Most common types are: PCI bus, PCI express bus, AGP bus,
FireWire bus

Bay

• A bay opening inside the system unit which you can install additional equipment.
• A drive bay is a rectangular opening that typically holds disk drives.
• An external bay access opening in the bay from outside like optical disc drive

Power Supply

• Ac power not dc power

You might also like