PERFORMANCE

TASK
JHED C. GONZALES
TVL - 11 B

JEFF LIM
 History of computer
The history of computers goes back over
200 years. At first theorized by
mathematicians, during the 19th century
mechanical calculating machines were
designed and built to solve the increasingly
complex number-crunching challenges. The
advancement of technology enabled ever
more-complex computers by the early 20th
century, and computers became larger and
more powerful.
A computer is a machine that can be
programmed to automatically carry out
sequences of arithmetic or logical
operations (computation). Modern digital
electronic computers can perform generic
sets of operations known as programs.
These programs enable computers to
perform a wide range of tasks. The term
computer system may refer to a nominally
complete computer that includes the
hardware, operating system, software, and
peripheral equipment needed and used for
full operation; or to a group of computers
that are linked and function together, such
as a computer network or computer cluster.
 Types of computer
Types of Computer
There are two bases on which we can define the types
of computers. We will discuss the type of computers on
the basis of size and data handling capabilities. We will
discuss each type of computer in detail. Let’s see first
what are the types of computers.

Super Computer
Mainframe computer
Mini Computer
Workstation Computer
Personal Computer (PC)
Server Computer
Analog Computer
Digital Computer
Hybrid Computer
Tablets and Smartphone
Supercomputer

When we talk about speed, then the first name

that comes to mind when thinking of computers is
supercomputers.

Mainframe computer

Mainframe computers are designed in such a way

that they can support hundreds or thousands of
users at the same time.

Minicomputer

Minicomputer is a medium size multiprocessing

computer.

personal Computer (PC)

Personal Computers is also known as a

microcomputer. It is basically a general-purpose
computer designed for individual use.
Server Computer

Server Computers are computers that are

combined data and programs. Electronic data and
applications are stored and shared in the server
computer.

Analog Computer

Analog Computers are particularly designed to

process analog data. Continuous data that changes
continuously and cannot have discrete values are
called analog data. So, an analog computer is used
where we don’t need exact .

Digital Computer

Digital computers are designed in such a way that they

can easily perform calculations and logical operations
at high speed.

Tablet and Smartphones

Tablets and Smartphones are the types of

computers that are pocket friendly and easy to
carry is these are handy.
 Part of computer

Motherboard: The motherboard is like the central

hub of the computer, connecting all parts together
and allowing them to communicate. It connects
the CPU, RAM, storage, and all other components.

CPU (Central Processing Unit): Known as the

brain of the computer, the CPU processes
instructions and manages tasks, deciding
how things run and operate. It’s the main unit
for performing calculations and executing
programs.
RAM (Random Access Memory): RAM is the short-
term memory of the computer. It temporarily
stores data that the CPU is currently using. The
more RAM your computer has, the more tasks it
can handle simultaneously without slowing down.

HDD (Hard Disk Drive): An HDD is a long-term

storage device where you can save
everything, from pictures to programs. It’s
like a filing cabinet where all your files are
stored for future access.
SSD (Solid State Drive): An SSD performs the same
role as an HDD but much faster! It’s a newer, faster
storage type that uses flash memory to store data,
making it quicker to load files and run applications.

BIOS, also called system BIOS, PC BIOS or ROM

BIOS, is firmware that is used to perform hardware
initialization during the booting process; and to
provide runtime services for operating system and
programs. The BIOS firmware is the first software
to run when powered on; it is re-installed on a
PC’s system board.
 Input/output ports are the connections between
the CPU and peripheral devices on a motherboard.
There are two complementary methods to perform
input and output processes: memory-mapped I/O
(MMIO) and port-mapped I/O (PMIO). Alternatively,
you can use dedicated I/O processors, called
channels on mainframe computers, which execute
their own instructions.

AGP was designed as a high-speed point-to-point

channel for connecting a video card (graphics
card) to a computer system. Primarily, it was used
to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer
graphics. AGP is originally designed to be a
descendant of the PCI series of connections for
video cards. Yet, it was replaced by the PCIe slots.
Peripheral Component Interconnect is a local
computer bus for connecting hardware to a
computer. It supports all the functions of a
processor bus. PCI is usually been called
Conventional PCI to distinguish it from its
successor PCI Express (PCIe, PCI-e or PCI-E).

ISA is the 16-bit internal bus of IMB PC/AT

and similar computers that are based on Intel
80286 and its immediate successors during
the 1980s. It was backward compatible with
the 8-bit bus of the 8088-based IBM PC
largely.
FDC is a special-purpose chip and associated disk
controller circuitry. It controls and directs reading
from and writing to a computer’s floppy disk drive
(FDD).

The devices used for connecting IDE,

Ethernet, FireWire, USB and other systems
can be called host adapter. So, the IDE
controller refers to the host adapter. A host
adapter, also called a host controller or a
host bus adapter (HBA), connects a
computer (acting as the host system) to
other network and storage devices.
CMOS battery, also called memory battery, clock
battery or real-time clock (RTC), is generally a CR2032
lithium coin cell. The lifespan of the CMOS battery is
estimated to be three years when the power supply unit
(PSU) is unplugged or switch off.

A power supply provides the necessary

electrical power to let the computer to work.
It takes standard 110-Volt AC (Alternative
Current) power to DC (Direct Current) power
of 12 Volt, 5 Volt, 3.3 Volt, etc.
 A DIP switch is a manual electric
switch packaged with others in a
standard dual in-line package. The
term may refer to an individual
switch or the whole unit. The DIP
switch is designed to be used on a
printed circuit board (motherboard)
together with other electronic
motherboard components. It is
usually used to customize the
behavior of an electronic device for
specific situations.

A heat sink is a passive heat

exchanger that transfers the
heat generated by parts of
motherboard into a fluid
medium like liquid or air. The
fluid medium will dissipate
away from the device. Thus,
the temperature of the device
is kept within a tolerable
range. On the motherboard,
the heatsink is usually used
to cool CPU, GPU (graphics
processing unit), chipsets
and RAM modules.
 A clock generator is an electronic oscillator
(circuit) that produces a clock signal for
usage in synchronizing a circuit’s operation.
The clock signal ranges between high and
low frequencies, thus creating a metronome
for the coordination of actions.

Monitor (Display Screen): The monitor

displays everything the computer is doing. It
shows the user interface, programs, games,
and everything you interact with visually.

Network Card: The network card (also

known as a NIC or Network Interface
Card) connects the computer to a local
network (like Wi-Fi or Ethernet),
allowing it to access the internet or
communicate with other devices.
northbridge (also host bridge, or memory controller hub)
is a microchip that comprises the core logic chipset
architecture on motherboards to handle high-
performance tasks, especially for older personal
computers. It is connected directly to a CPU via the
front-side bus (FSB), and is usually used in conjunction
with a slower southbridge to manage communication
between the CPU and other parts of the motherboard.

southbridge is one of the two chips in the core

logic chipset, handling many of a computer's
input/output functions. The other component of
the chipset is the northbridge, which generally
handles high speed onboard communications.
 M.2, pronounced m dot two[1] and formerly known as
the Next Generation Form Factor (NGFF), is a
specification for internally mounted computer
expansion cards and associated connectors. M.2
replaces the Mini SATA (mSATA) standard and the
Mini PCIe (mPCIe) standard (which is how it got the
short name of M dot 2 from being Mini SATA 2).
Employing a more flexible physical specification, M.2
allows different module widths and lengths, which,
paired with the availability of more advanced interfacing
features, makes M.2 more suitable than mSATA in
general for solid-state storage applications, particularly
in smaller devices such as ultrabooks and tablets.

specific slots in a computer case where you can

install storage devices like hard drives or solid-state
drives (SSDs).