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Python Code Examples

The document provides Python code examples demonstrating function definitions, parameters, and arguments. It explains the difference between local and global variables, as well as how variable shadowing works within functions. Each example includes a code snippet followed by a detailed explanation of the concepts illustrated.

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Ibnbello Chacho
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7 views

Python Code Examples

The document provides Python code examples demonstrating function definitions, parameters, and arguments. It explains the difference between local and global variables, as well as how variable shadowing works within functions. Each example includes a code snippet followed by a detailed explanation of the concepts illustrated.

Uploaded by

Ibnbello Chacho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Code Examples with Explanations

Example 1: Define a Function That Takes an Argument

# Function definition
def greet(name): # 'name' is the parameter
print(f"Hello, {name}! Welcome to Python programming.")

# Function call
greet("Musa") # "Musa" is the argument

Explanation:
- Parameter: 'name' in the function definition is a placeholder that the function uses to
receive input.
- Argument: 'Musa' is the actual value passed to the function when it's called.

Example 2: Call the Function with Different Arguments

# Function call with a value (literal)


greet("Aisha") # Argument is a literal value.

# Function call with a variable


friend_name = "Kabir"
greet(friend_name) # Argument is a variable.

# Function call with an expression


greet("Hassan" + " Umar") # Argument is an expression (concatenation).

Explanation:
1. Value Argument: 'Aisha' is directly passed as a string.
2. Variable Argument: 'friend_name' stores a string that is passed to the function.
3. Expression Argument: '"Hassan" + " Umar"' evaluates to 'Hassan Umar', which is passed
as the argument.

Example 3: Function with a Local Variable

# Function definition with a local variable


def add_numbers():
total = 5 + 10 # 'total' is a local variable
print(f"The sum is: {total}")

add_numbers()

# Trying to access 'total' outside the function


try:
print(total) # This will cause an error
except NameError as e:
print(f"Error: {e}")

Explanation:
- 'total' is a local variable defined inside the function. It exists only within the function's
scope.
- When we try to access 'total' outside the function, a 'NameError' occurs because 'total' is
not defined globally.

Example 4: Function with a Uniquely Named Parameter

# Function with a unique parameter name


def calculate_square(unique_number): # 'unique_number' is the parameter
return unique_number ** 2

# Function call
result = calculate_square(8)
print(f"The square is: {result}")

# Trying to access 'unique_number' outside the function


try:
print(unique_number) # This will cause an error
except NameError as e:
print(f"Error: {e}")

Explanation:
- 'unique_number' is a parameter and behaves like a local variable during the function's
execution.
- Outside the function, 'unique_number' is undefined, causing a 'NameError'.
Example 5: Variable Defined Outside and Inside a Function with the Same Name

# Global variable
message = "Hello from the global scope!"

def display_message():
# Local variable with the same name
message = "Hello from the local scope!"
print(message) # This refers to the local variable

# Call the function


display_message()

# Print the global variable


print(message) # This refers to the global variable

Explanation:
- When 'message' is defined inside the function, it overrides the global variable within the
function's scope. This is called shadowing.
- Outside the function, the global 'message' remains unchanged. The two variables exist
independently because they belong to different scopes.

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