VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI-590018

“ DEVELOPMENT OF SMART SHOES FOR BLIND PEOPLE ”
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Submitted by:

Nisarga Hulamani (2KA22EE027)

Spoorti Havanur (2KA22EE045)
Vidya Kamadolli (2KA22EE056)

Under the Guidance of:

Mrs. Shreedevi H
Assistant Professor of EEE Dept.

Smt. Kamala & Sri. Venkappa M Agadi College of Engineering & Technology,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Lakshmeshwar-582116
2024-2025

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 SMT. KAMALA AND SRI. VENKAPPA M. AGADI COLLEGE
OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
LAKSHMESHWAR-582116
(Affiliated to VTU Belagavi)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Certificate
Certified that the Mini Project Report entitled “DEVELOPMENT OF SMART SHOES FOR
BLIND PEOPLE” is a work carried out by Ms. Nisarga H, Ms. Spoorti H, Ms. Vidya K, in
the partial fulfillment of the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and
Electronics Engineering prescribed by the VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI for V semester in the Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering during the year 2024-25. This Mini Project report has been approved as it satisfies
the academic requirements in respect to the project work prescribed for the Bachelor of
Engineering Degree.

………………………………. ………………………………..
Signature of Guide Signature of Project Co-Ordinator
Mrs. Shreedevi H Prof.Pratima K

………………………… ……………………………
Signature of HOD Signature of Principal
Dr. R.M Patil Dr. Parashuram Baraki

Examiners: 1.Prof.

2.Prof.

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 DECLARATION

We, the students of Fifth semester studying in Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Smt. Kamala and Shri Venkappa M. Agadi College of Engineering and Technology,
Laxmeshwar, hereby declare that this Mini Project work entitled “DEVELOPMENT OF SMART
SHOES FOR BLIND PEOPLE” which is being submitted by using the partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics Engineering
by Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi is anauthentic record of us carried out during the
academic year 2024-25 under the guidance of Mrs.Shreedevi.H Assistant Professor, Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Smt. Kamala & Sri Venkappa M. Agadi College of Engineering
& Technology, Laxmeshwar.
I further undertake that the matter embodied in the dissertation has not been submitted
previously for the award of any degree by us to any other university or institution.

Nisarga Hulamani (2KA22EE027)

Spoorti Havanur (2KA22EE045)
Vidya Kamadolli (2KA22EE056)

Place :Laxmeshwar

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of any project presentation brings with it a sense of satisfaction, but it is never
complete without thanking those people who made it possible and whose constant support has crowned our
efforts with success.

We express our sincere gratitude to our guide Mrs.Shreedevi H Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, SKSVMACET Laxmeshwar for her stimulating guidance, continuous
encouragement and supervision throughout the course of present work.

We would like to express gratitude to Prof. Pratima.K Mini Project Co-ordinator and all the Staf
Members of Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for giving the continuous support and
guidance to carry our Project work.

We would like to express gratitude to Dr. R. M. Patil HOD Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, SKSVMACET Laxmeshwar for his generous guidance, help and useful suggestions.

We are extremely thankful to Dr. Parashuram Baraki Principal, SKSVMACET Laxmeshwar for
providing us infrastructural facilities to work in, without this work would not have been possible.

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 ABSTRACT

Eyes play important role in our day to day lives and are perhaps the most valuable gift
we have. This world is visible to us because we are blessed with eyesight. But there are
some people who lag this ability of visualizing these things. Due to this, they will
undergo a lot of troubles to move comfortably in public places. Hence, wearable device
should design for such visual impaired people.Smart shoe system for the blind is a
system made with the help of ultrasonic sensors paired to Microcontroller.In our India
there are almost 40 million blind people among which 1.6 million are children. Blind
people face great difficulty to travel independently. They have to depend on others in
many aspects of their life. The Major problem is when they walk on the road. With a
stick in hand they cannot detect every obstacle that comes in their way. The Smart shoe
design provides a long term solution for the blind to walk on roads independently. The
smart shoe will help the Blind person to reach his destination independently.The shoe
will be embedded with various sensors, Microcontroller and buzzers. The shoe warns
the user by making noise with the buzzer when he/she walks in front of an obstacle. 285
million people are estimated to be visually impaired worldwide out of which 39 million
people are blind and 246 million have low vision. This paper presents various features
of smart shoes for visually impaired.

II
 CONTENTS

SLNO CONTENTS PAGE NO

1 Introduction 01
2 Literature Review 02
3 Problem Statement 04
4 Objectives 05
5 Methodology 06
5.1 Block diagram 06
5.2 Schematic diagram of smart shoe 07
5.3 Circuit diagram 07
5.4 Components 08
5.4.1(a) Microcontroller ATMEGA328 08
5.4.1(b) Pin diagram of ATMEGA328 10
5.4.2 Ultrasonic Sensor 12
5.4.3 Buzzer 13
5.4.4 Lithium Battery 14
5.4.5 Vibrator 15
5.4.6 Arduino IDE 16
6 Result Analysis 19
6.1 Working Model 19
7 Advantages and Disadvantages 21
7.1 Advantages 21
7.2 Disadvantages 21
8 Applications and Future scope 22
8.1 Applications 22
8.2 Future Scope 22
9 Conclusion 23
References

III
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig No. FIGURE NAME Page

No.

5.1 Block diagram 6

5.2 Schematic diagram of smart shoe 7
5.3 Circuit diagram 7
5.4.1(a) Microcontroller ATMEGA328 8
5.4.1(b) Pin diagram of ATMEGA328 10
5.4.2 Ultrasonic Sensor 12

5.4.3 Buzzer 13

5.4.4 Lithium Battery 14

5.4.5 Vibrator 15

5.4.6 Arduino IDE 16

6.1 Working Model 19
6.2 Final Prototype 20

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 DEVELOPMENT OF SMART SHOESFOR BLIND PEOPLE 2024-25

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

285 million people are estimated to be visually impaired worldwide: 39 million are blind
and 246 have low vision, about 90% of the world's visually impaired live in low‐income settings
where 82% of people living with blindness are aged 50 and above. Globally, uncorrected refractive
errors are the main cause of moderate and severe visual impairment; cataracts remainthe leading
cause of blindness in middle‐ and low‐income countries. The number of people visually impaired
from infectious diseases has reduced in the last 20 years according to global estimates work and
80% of all visual impairment can be prevented or cured.

In the past, the visually impaired used to face difficulties in moving and transporting from a
placeto another. Some of them used to have a guide dog to help them walk around and to avoid
collisions. Some of them used to ask for someone else help. This inspired a lot of developers to
develop products to assist the visually impaired and to make them feel more independent. Two of
these popular products are: White Cane, and Sonic Guide. White cane also known as a "Hoover"
cane, named after Dr. Richard Hoover who designed it.

White cane is designed primarily as a mobility tool used to detect objects in the path of a
user. But using a cane has somedisadvantages. And some of these disadvantages are that using a
cane is difficult while travelling.For example using a cane is difficult in a crowded restaurant, or in
placing it into a car or a planeor even a bus. The White Cane is made from metal, which makes it
heavy and inflexible and susceptible for snapping or cracking. Currently got some researches and
experiments to develop an e‐white cane. (Vera, P., Zenteno, D. and Salas, 2014)(Gassert, R., Kim
et al, 2014)(Rizzo, J.R. et al, 2017).

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 DEVELOPMENT OF SMART SHOESFOR BLIND PEOPLE 2024-25

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURESURVEY

Sl. Author Title Year Implementation Drawback

No
Zhan S & “Development of a Combines GPS GPS accuracy can
1 Wang Z. Voice-Assistive System and voice be compromised in
for Navigation of 2019
recognition urban areas;reliance
Visually Impaired technology to on internet
People” provide real-time connectivity;
navigation possible difficulty
assistance via a in voice recognition
mobile app. in noisy
environments.

2 “Design and Limited range

Hossan implementation 2020 Utilizes ultrasonic of obstacle
M.A & of smart shoe sensors for obstacles detection;
Hossia for Blind detection and a Reliance on
n M.M Navigation” microcontroller for smartphone
processing data. The battery life;
shoes communicate Potential
with a smartphone discomfort from
app for voice added weight.
guidance.

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DEVELOPMENT OF SMART SHOES FOR BLIND PEOPLE 2024-25

3 Gupt “Smart Incorporates Limited

aR Footwear:A 2021 pressure sensors to responsiveness to
& Assistive detect the ground fast-moving
Kum Technology for surface and provide obstacles; could be
ar A Blind People” feedback via costly to
vibrations and voice manufacture;
alerts. potential privacy
concerns with data
collection.

4 Patel “IoT-Based Utilizes IoT High dependency

S& Smart Shoe for 2022 technology to collect on technology
Desai Visually data from various could lead to
H Impaired People” sensors, processing failures; issues with
it in real time, and user adaptability;
providing audio requires continuous
feedback through a updates and
connected device. maintenance.

5 Kim “Smart Wearable Uses a combination Complexity in the

J& Systems for 2023 of IMU senors and a system may lead to
Lee Navigation voice assistance for a steep learning
H Assistance for real-time navigation curve; potential for
the Blind” and obstacle software bugs;
avoidance. battery life may
limit usability.

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 DEVELOPMENT OF SMART SHOESFOR BLIND PEOPLE 2024-25

CHAPTER 3

PROBLEM STATMENT

Sight is considered the most important sense and the blind people are observed upon
with pity by others. Technology helps the blind people to communicate with the environment,
the communication process and the dissemination of information has become very fast and on a
wider scale to include all parts of the world which greatly affected to the human life, thus
increasing the ways of entertainment and comfort and reduced suffering and hardship in many
things. Blind people are part of this world, so the technology must leave a significant impact on
their lives to make what was impossible for them as possible and available to them today. The
assistance provided earlier for blind people were as a particular hardware devices such as
talking OCR Products, identifying color, barcode readers; that hardware were expensive and
limited capabilities due to rapid change in hardware. The challenges faced by impaired/blind
people in their daily lives are not well understood. In this paper, we try to present an application
called SMART SHOES where is it’s a way to give hand to blind people with the aid of
technology in order to solve some of their faced problems. The Application results enhance the
understanding of the problems facing blind people daily, and may help encourage more projects
targeted to help blind people to live independent in their daily lives.

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CHAPTER 4

OBJECTIVE

 To help the wearer navigate safely and independently by detecting obstacles

 Providing real-time feedback.
 This project will programmable for certain distance measurement and sense the object
from that particular distance and get the buzzer on indicate to the blind person which is
use our product to that some object or distraction will be in their way.

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CHAPTER 5

METHODOLOGY

5.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

In this smart shoe, Arduino Uno carries a main role. We have interfaced all the sensors and other
components into the microcontroller. At first the ultrasonic sensor detects the obstacles and pass
the information to the microcontroller, microcontroller gives instruction to the buzzer to give
(sound) and vibrator to alert the person and help them from the risk.

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DEVELOPMENT OF SMART SHOESFOR BLIND PEOPLE 2024-25

5.2 Schematic diagramof smart shoe

5.3 Circuit diagram

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 DEVELOPMENT OF SMART SHOESFOR BLIND PEOPLE 2024-25

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

 Microcontroller : Arduino Uno

 Ultrasonic Sensor
 Buzzer
 Battery 9volts
 Pair of shoes
 SOS Switch

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

 Arduino IDE : Version 1.6.12

 Operating System : Windows 7
 Language : C programming

5.4 COMPONENTS

5.4.1(a) MICROCONTROLLER ATMEGA 328

Figure 5.4.1(a): Arduino UNO board

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The Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 32 KB ISP flash memory
with read-while-write capabilities, 1 KB EEPROM, 2 KB SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines,
32 general purpose working registers, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal
and external interrupts, serial programmable USART, a byte- oriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI
serial port, 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter (8-channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages),
programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator,and five software selectable power saving
modes. The device operates between 1.8-5.5 volts. The device achieves through puts approaching
1 MIPS.

Features

 28-pin AVR Microcontroller

 Flash Program Memory: 32 kbytes

 EEPROM Data Memory: 1 kbytes
 SRAM Data Memory: 2 kbytes
 I/O Pins: 23
 Timers: Two 8-bit / One 16-bit
 A/D Converter: 10-bit Six Channel
 PWM: Six Channels
 RTC: Yes with Separate Oscillator
 MSSP: SPI and I²C Master and Slave Support
 USART: Yes
 External Oscillator: up to 20MHz

The Atmega328 is a very popular microcontroller chip produced by Atmel. It is an8-

bitmicrocontroller that has 32K of flash memory, 1K of EEPROM, and 2K of internal SRAM.
The Atmega328 is one of the microcontroller chips that are used with the popular Arduino
Demilune boards. The Arduino Demilune board comes with either 1 of 2 microcontroller chips,
the Atmega168 or the Atmega328. Of these 2, the Atmega328 is the upgraded, more advanced
chip. Unlike the Atmega168 which has 16K of flash program memory and 512bytes of internal
RAM, the Atmega328 has 32K of flash program memory and 2K of Internal RAM. The

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Atmega328 has 28 pins, It has 14 digital I/O pins, of which 6 can be used as PWM
outputs and 6 analog input pins. These I/O pins account for 20 of the pins.

5.4.1(b) PIN DIAGRAM OF ATMEGA328

Fig.5.4.1(b) : Pin diagram of Atmega328

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Table 5.4.1(c): Description of each pins of ATmega328

As stated before, 20 of the pins function as I/O ports. This means they can function as an input
to the circuit or as output. Whether they are input or output is set in the software.14 of the pins
are digital pins, of which 6 can function to give PWM output. 6 of the pins are for analog
input/output. Two of the pins are for the crystal oscillator, this is to provide a clock pulse for the

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Atmega chip. A clock pulse is needed for synchronization so that communication can occur in
synchrony between the Atmega chip and a device that it is connected to.

5.4.2 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object using

ultrasonic sound waves. An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and receive ultrasonic
pulses that relay back information about an object’s proximity. High- frequency sound waves
reflect from boundaries to produce distinct echo patterns. Ultrasonic sensors work by sending out
a sound wave at a frequency above the range of human hearing. The transducer of the
sensor acts as a microphone to receive and send the ultrasonic sound. Ultrasonic sensor uses
a single transducer to send a pulse and to receive the echo. The sensor determines the distance to
a target by measuring time lapses between the sending and receiving of the ultrasonic pulse.
Ultrasonic sensors are designed for non-contact detection of solid and liquid objects. These
sensors are used for a wide variety of functions from monitoring the level of water in a tank to
fluid identification/concentration, to detecting object proximity.

FIG 5.4.2 ULTRASONIC SENSOR

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5.4.3. BUZZER

A Buzzer is an audio signalling device. There are many types of buzzer and here 5V passive
Buzzer is used, which is used to create the sound and it may be mechanical, electromechanical, or
piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers,
and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. The passive buzzer is an
electromagnetic squeaker used to generate sound signals of different frequencies. It requires an
AC signal to make a sound, where a changing input signal produces the sound, rather than
producing a tone automatically. To use this 5v buzzer, connect one pin to ground and the other to
a microcontroller programmed to output a square wave or a timer IC.

FIG 5.4.3.BUZZER

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5.4.4 LITHIUM BATTERY

Batteries that have lithium as their anode is called lithium batteries. The charge moves
from anode to cathode during discharge and cathode to anode during charging. Lithium batteries
were introduced way back in the 1980-the 1990s. These batteries have completely revolutionized
the portable electronics market such as cellular te lephones and laptop computers. Lithium Battery
is a latest technology battery which has 5 features - 2x life with 100% charging efficiency, light
weight and no maintenance. Lithium- Ion, or Li- Ion batteries are a type of rechargeable battery
that's used in many applications, but most commonly in the electronics industry. Li- Ion batteries
provide portable electricity, powering electronic gadgets such as mobile phones, laptops and
tablets.

FIG 5.4.4 9V BATTERY

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5.4.5 VIBRATOR

Vibration motor is a compact size coreless DC motor used to informs the users of receiving
the signal by vibrating, no sound. Vibration motors are widely used in a variety of applications
including cell phones, handsets, pagers, and so on. A vibratory motor is a three- phase motor that
is intentionally unbalanced, and is also known as an eccentric rotating mass (ERM) or vibrating
motor. This tiny motor produces vibrations by spinning an eccentric shaft at over 900 RPM
when power at 1.5V. It is intended for operation around 1.5V, and polarity is not important that
is, the motor can run CW or CCW. The main purpose of this vibrator motor is to alerts the user
from receiver the call by without sound and vibrating. These motor are applicable for different
categories like pager, handsets, cell phones, bluetooth etc. Vibration motor is a coreless DC motor
and the size of this motor is compact. The main purpose of this motor is to alert the user from
receiving the call by without sound/vibrating. The main feature of this motor is, it has magnetic
properties, lightweight, and motor size is small. Based on these features, the motor performance
is highly consistent. The configuration of these motors can be done in two varieties one is coin
model and another one is a cylinder model.

FIG 5.4.5 VIBRATORMOTOR

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SOFTWARE USED

5.4.6 ARDUINO IDE

The Arduino IDE is an open-source software, which is used to write and upload code
to the Arduino boards. The IDE application is suitable for different operating systems such as
Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. It supports the programming languages C and C++. Here, IDE
stands for Integrated Development Environment.

The program or code written in the Arduino IDE is often called as sketching. We need
to connect the Genuino and Arduino board with the IDE to upload the sketch written in the
Arduino IDE software. The sketch is saved with the extension '.ino.'

The Arduino IDE will appear as:

FIG 5.4.6 ARDUINO IDE INTERFACE

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The Arduino Integrated Development Environment - or Arduino Software (IDE) - contains

a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a toolbar with buttons for common
functions and a series of menus. It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload programs and
communicate with them.The Arduino software is easy-to- use for beginners, yet flexible enough
for advanced users. It runs on Mac, Windows, and Linux. Teachers and students use it to build
low cost scientific instruments, to prove chemistry and physics principles, or to get started with
programming and robotics. Designers and architects build interactive prototypes, musicians and
artists use it for installations and to experiment with new musical instruments. Makers, of course,
use it to build many of the projects exhibited at the Maker Faire, for example. Arduino is a key
tool to learn new things. Anyone - children, hobbyists, artists, programmers - can start tinkering
just following the step by step instructions of a kit, or sharing ideas online with other members of
the Arduino community.There are many other microcontrollers and microcontroller platforms
available for physical computing. Parallax Basic Stamp, Netmedia's BX-24, Phidgets, MIT's
Handyboard, and many others offer similar functionality. All of these tools take the messy details
of microcontroller programming and wrap it up in an easy-to-use package. Arduino also simplifies
the process of working with microcontrollers, but it offers some advantage for teachers, students,
and interested amateurs over other systems.

 Inexpensive - Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other microcontroller

platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino module can be assembled by hand, and
even the pre-assembled Arduino modules cost less than $50

Cross-platform - The Arduino Software (IDE) runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and Linux
operating systems. Most microcontroller systems are limited to Windows.
 Simple, clear programming environment - The Arduino Software (IDE) is easy-to-use for
beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users to take advantage of as well. For teachers, it's
conveniently based on the Processing programming environment, so students learning to program
in that environment will be familiar with how the Arduino IDE works.

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 Open source and extensible software - The Arduino software is published as open source
tools, available for extension by experienced programmers. The language can be expanded
through C++ libraries, and people wanting to understand the technical details can make the leap
from Arduino to the AVR C programming language on which it's based. Similarly, you can add
AVR-C code directly into your Arduino programs if you want to.

Writing Sketches

Programs written using Arduino Software (IDE) are called sketches. These sketches are written
in the text editor and are saved with the file extension .ino. The editor has features for
cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The message area gives feedback while saving
and exporting and also displays errors. The console displays text output by the Arduino Software
(IDE), including comp lete error messages and other information. The bottom right hand corner
of the window displays the configured board and serial port. The toolbar buttons allow you to
verify and upload programs, create, open, and save sketches, and open the serial monitor.

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CHAPTER 6

RESULT ANALYSIS

6.1 WORKING MODEL

The prototype of Smart shoes is shown in Figure 6.19 where it shows the Smart Shoes with the
attached device from front and side as well.

6.1 Working model

PROGRAMMING IN ARDUINO IDE

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6.2 FINAL PROTOTYPE

The shoes were supplied by different sensors to sense the obstacles in front of the user or beside
him, the shoes will beep if there is any obstacle in range of 5 meters, the beep will be louder if the
obstacle is closer, when it will be less than 2 me ters the beeping will be too loud and the vibrating
sensor will be activated so the user will feel that.

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CHAPTER 7
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

7.1 ADVANTAGES

 Navigation Assistance : Smart shoes can provide haptic feedback or vibration

to guide users, helping them navigate their environment more safely.
 Obstacle detection equipped with sensors, these shoes can detect obstacles in
real time and alert the wearer, reducing the risk of falls.
 Comfort and mobility: Designed for comfort they can encourage more active
lifestyles and increase mobility independence for blind individuals.
 Data Tracking: Smart shoes can track walking patterns, distances, and other
metrics,helping users monitor their physical activity.

7.2 DISADVANTAGES

 Cost: Smart shoes can be expensive making them less accessible for some
users.
 Waterproffing: Smart shoes are not waterproof.
 Deaf users: Smart shoes may not be able to help deaf users who can’t hear the
buzzer.
 Maintenance: There is a need for more research on the long-term maintenance
and reliability of the smart shoes.

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CHAPTER 8
APPLICATION AND FUTURE SCOPE

8.1 APPLICATIONS

The development of Smart Shoes for blind people using Arduino have various applications.
Some of the applications this project include.
 Navigation and Mobility: Helps users avoid obstacles, detect stairs and curbs, and navigate
unfamiliar areas.
 Safety and Security: Detects falls, collisions, and hazards, sending emergency alerts.
 Social and Community: Enhances social interaction, community navigation, and access to
public services.

8.2 FUTURESCOPE
Possible future work is to add new available techniques to the review process, which may
include edge sensitivity, Voice alerts, Object identification using AI. Regular weather forecasts
can be generated in time to alert users to rain and storms in advance. The product can be used
more widely by using artificial intelligence and image processing, which can help detect obstacles
more accurately. Defense implementation that uses sensors to detect landmines and provide
feedback to soldiers to avoid casualties.

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CHAPTER 9

CONCLUSION

The main focus of this paper is to implement various technology in the smart shoes for visually
impaired people. The smart shoes uses the most reliable source, light, to communicate data to the
visually impaired. In future work we will be focused on the enhancing the better performance of
the system and to reducing the load on the users.

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REFERENCES

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visually impaired people. In Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM),
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2. Brunner, Eberhard, “Ultrasound System Considerations and their Impact on Front-End
Components,” Analog Devices, Inc., 2002,
3. Miniguide. Sendero Group News RSS. Sendero Group, n.d. [online] Available at:
Parentcenterhub.org. (2017). Visual Impairment, Including Blindness | Center for Parent
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4. “Smart-shoe self-powered by walking” G. Colson, P. Laurent, P. Bellier, S. Stoukatch, F.
Dupont, M. Kraft978-1-5090-6244-7/17/$31.00 2019 IEEE.

5. Arduino.cc. (2017). Arduino ‐ Home. [online] Available at: https://www.arduino.cc/

[Accessed 8 Aug. 2017].
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nd.pdf
7. http://www.senderogroup.com/products/shopminiguide.htm. [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017].
8. http://www.parentcenterhub.org/visualimpairment/ [Accessed 8 Aug. 2017].

Department of Electrical And Electronics Engineering, SKSVMACET,Laxmeshwar

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