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sqlServerCE

The document provides an overview of Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE), detailing its installation, configuration, and development environments. It highlights the essential components, connectivity solutions, and security features for mobile and embedded devices. Additionally, it outlines the necessary hardware and software requirements for deploying SQL Server CE applications.

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sqlServerCE

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MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL Server > SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition >

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Advanced Search SQL Server CE Books Online

Up One Level
Getting Started with SQL Server CE Books Online
What's New
SQL Server CE Overview
Installing SQL Server CE
Configuring Security for Connectivity
Managing Connectivity
Working with SQL Server CE Databases
SQL Reference for SQL Server CE
Building Applications
Deploying Applications
Sample Applications
Technical Support
Troubleshooting

Microsoft Accessibility Web Site

MSDN Online

Microsoft TechNet

Microsoft SQL Server CE Product Web Site

Microsoft SQL Server Product Web Site

Samples

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The following topics in this section describe installing Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition 2.0 (SQL Server CE).

Topic Description
Before you begin
Up One Level SQL Server CE Installation Overview Describes the various systems and configuration options that can be used in a SQL Server CE environment.

SQL Server CE Installation Overview Hardware and Software Requirements Lists hardware and software requirements for each system.

Hardware and Software Requirements Upgrading from Earlier Versions of SQL Server CE Provides information on upgrading from SQL Server CE 1.0 and SQL Server CE 1.1.

Upgrading from Earlier Versions of SQL Server CE Desktop installations

Installing SQL Server CE with Visual Studio .NET Describes installing SQL Server CE on a computer running the Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET development environment.
Installing SQL Server CE with Visual Studio .NET Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools Describes installing SQL Server CE on a computer running the Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools development environment.

Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools Installing SQL Server CE with Platform Builder Describes creating a custom Windows CE operating system that includes SQL Server CE using Platform Builder.

Installing SQL Server CE with Platform Builder Device installations

Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device Describes installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based device.

Server installations
Installing SQL Server CE on an IIS System Installing SQL Server CE on an IIS System Describes installing SQL Server CE on a computer running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS).

Installing SQL Server CE on a SQL Server System Installing SQL Server CE on a SQL Server System Describes installing SQL Server CE on a computer running an instance of Microsoft SQL Server.

Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System Other installations

Installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System Describes installing SQL Server CE Relay on a computer running Microsoft ActiveSync®.

Installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer Describes installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer on a Windows CE-based device.

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Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition 2.0 (SQL Server CE) extends Microsoft SQL Server to Microsoft Windows CE-based mobile devices, while
providing developers with a consistent programming model for rapid application development. SQL Server CE delivers essential relational database functionality in a
small footprint: a robust data store; an optimizing query processor; and reliable, scalable connectivity capabilities.

This section provides an overview of the SQL Server CE environment, including information about components, architecture, database engine, connectivity, and
Up One Level security. For complete information, see the relevant sections in this documentation.

SQL Server CE Environment

Client and Server Environments The following table lists the main sections of SQL Server CE Books Online.

Development Environment
SQL Server CE Database Engine Section Description

Connectivity Solutions Installing SQL Server CE Describes the hardware and software requirements for SQL Server CE and how to install the SQL Server CE platform.

SQL Server CE Security Configuring Security for Connectivity Describes how to configure a connection between SQL Server and Windows CE-based applications.

Managing Connectivity Provides information about specific connectivity solutions, including remote data access (RDA) and replication.

Working with SQL Server CE Databases Provides information about how to create and work with SQL Server CE databases, and how to access data in these databases.

Using SQL Server CE Query Analyzer Describes the user interface of SQL Server CE Query Analyzer and how you can use these features to perform database tasks.

SQL Reference for SQL Server CE Provides reference for the SQL grammar used to query or change data in SQL Server CE databases.

Building Applications Provides programming reference for Microsoft .NET Compact Framework Data Providers, Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows CE
(ADOCE), replication, RDA, and error handling.

Deploying Applications Describes how to package and distribute SQL Server CE-based applications.

Sample Applications Provides sample applications that demonstrate the use of replication and RDA connectivity in the Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET and the
Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools development environments.

Troubleshooting Provides troubleshooting information and error message descriptions for connectivity, Windows security, and Microsoft Internet Information
Services (IIS) security.

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MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL Server > SQL
MSDN Library Go Server 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 > SQL Server CE Overview

Advanced Search
SQL Server CE Books Online
SQL Server CE Environment

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) provides a compact database solution for
mobile and embedded devices. By using Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET or Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools, you
can extend the enterprise data management capabilities of SQL Server to Windows CE-based devices. The
following illustration shows the relationship of three typical environments in which SQL Server CE can be used.

Up One Level
SQL Server CE Environment
Client and Server Environments
Development Environment
SQL Server CE Database Engine
Connectivity Solutions
SQL Server CE Security

Development Environment

This is the computer on which Windows CE-based applications are developed. This computer must have one of
the following development environments:

● Microsoft Visual Studio .NET

● Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools version 3.0 installed with at least one of the following software development kits (SDKs): Handheld PC 2000
SDK, Pocket PC SDK, or the Windows Powered Pocket PC 2002 SDK.

Client Environment

This is the device on which the Windows CE-based application is deployed. When the Windows CE-based device
does not contain network connectivity, Microsoft ActiveSync® can be used to connect to the server
environment.

Server Environment

This is the computer(s) that runs Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) and an instance of Microsoft SQL
Server. You can run IIS and SQL Server on the same computer or configure them over several computers.
Remote data access (RDA) and merge replication communicate with SQL Server through IIS.

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Client and Server Environments

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) relies on several components to exchange data from a Microsoft Windows CE-
based device to an instance of SQL Server. The following illustration shows the relationship between the different components.

Up One Level
SQL Server CE Environment
Client and Server Environments
Development Environment
SQL Server CE Database Engine
Connectivity Solutions
SQL Server CE Security

SQL Server CE Database Engine

The SQL Server CE database engine manages the SQL Server data store on the Windows CE-based device. The SQL Server CE database engine can
track all database records that are inserted, updated, or deleted by maintaining a small amount of change tracking information with each record. The
tracking functionality is enabled when you use one of the two connectivity solutions.

SQL Server CE Client Agent

The SQL Server CE Client Agent is the primary component for connectivity on the Windows CE-based device. It implements these custom SQL Server
CE objects: the Replication object, Remote Data Access (RDA) object, and Engine object. By using these objects, applications can programmatically
control connections to SQL Server.

SQL Server CE Server Agent

The SQL Server CE Server Agent handles the HTTP requests made by the SQL Server CE Client Agent. When an application makes a request, the
SQL Server CE Client Agent sends the request to the SQL Server CE Server Agent through HTTP. The SQL Server CE Server Agent connects to SQL
Server and returns the resulting recordset to the SQL Server CE Client Agent through HTTP. Additional SQL Server connectivity components are
involved in this process and are also located on the computer running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS), although they are not shown in
the preceding illustration.

Replication and RDA handle HTTP requests differently and use different SQL Server connectivity components on the computer running IIS. For more
information, see Managing Connectivity.

Supported Connectivity Solutions

SQL Server CE connectivity solutions communicate using Web protocols, HTTP or HTTPS. The SQL Server CE Client Agent, which resides on the
Windows CE-based device, uses HTTP(S) to communicate with the SQL Server CE Server Agent on the Web server. The SQL Server CE Server Agent,
which resides on the computer running IIS, communicates with SQL Server using either replication or remote data access.

Note SQL Server CE connectivity solutions are primarily intended for Windows CE-based devices that are occasionally
connected to the network.

SQL Server CE works with the following network connectivity as long as they are configured to support HTTP(S):

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● Ethernet
● Wireless LANs
● Wireless WANs

By using Microsoft ActiveSync® 3.5 and a Pocket PC 2002 device connected using serial, infrared, or USB, you can directly access SQL Server
through the network connection of the desktop computer. Other device and ActiveSync combinations require SQL Server CE Relay to be configured
on the desktop computer.

SQL Server CE can use the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) feature of IIS to encrypt data propagated between the device running SQL Server CE and the
computer running SQL Server.

In addition, SQL Server CE connectivity solutions optimize wireless communication by compressing data to minimize the amount of data sent over
the network. Data is propagated between the Windows CE-based device and the server by using a simple protocol patterned after file transfer
protocols. SQL Server CE connectivity solutions recover from communication failures by restarting from the last successfully transmitted block of
data, as long as the connection recovers within a time-out period of approximately two minutes. This makes synchronization possible even if the
underlying transport is not reliable.

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Development Environment

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports two development
environments: Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET and Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools. Both environments
provide a set of data access application programming interfaces (APIs) and a subset of SQL syntax that work
specifically with SQL Server CE.

Up One Level
SQL Server CE Environment Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Client and Server Environments
Microsoft Visual Studio .NET provides an application development platform for Microsoft Windows CE-based
Development Environment devices. Using Microsoft Visual Basic® .NET or Microsoft Visual C#™ .NET, you can develop Windows CE-
based applications that communicate with databases in SQL Server and SQL Server CE.
SQL Server CE Database Engine
Connectivity Solutions
The following illustration shows the relationship of the different components.
SQL Server CE Security

For more information, see Development Tools.

Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools

By using Microsoft eMbedded Visual Basic 3.0 or Microsoft eMbedded Visual C++® version 3.0 and version
4.0, you can apply your knowledge of Visual Basic or Visual C++ to develop Windows CE-based applications.
You can create application code using a code editor, form editor, and property pane, which are similar to
those used in Visual Basic or Visual C++. Like Visual Basic and Visual C++, eMbedded Visual Tools also
provides an integrated development environment (IDE).

The following illustration shows the relationship of the different components.

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To develop applications with the eMbedded Visual Tools, the software development kit (SDK) for Handheld PC
2000, Pocket PC, or Pocket PC 2002 must be installed on the device. These SDKs include Windows CE-based
device emulators, which provide the look of a physical device on the desktop computer. SQL Server CE-based
applications can be created on a desktop computer and then tested on the emulator; so, no device is
required.

For more information, see Development Tools.

Familiar Data Access Technologies

SQL Server CE is implemented as a set of dynamic-link libraries (DLLs) that support the following data access
technologies:

● Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows CE 3.1 (ADOCE) and Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects Extensions for Data Definition Language
(DDL) and Security (ADOXCE)
● ADO.NET
● OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE

ADOCE, ADOXCE, and ADO.NET are based on ADO, which is a high-level interface to all types of data. ADOCE
provides consistent, high-performance access to data for developers using eMbedded Visual Basic to program
applications for Windows CE. ADOCE is the most widely used interface for creating, accessing, and modifying
SQL Server CE databases. ADOXCE extends ADOCE to expose additional objects for creating, modifying, and
deleting schema objects. Schema objects are the attributes of the database, such as columns, indexes,
tables, and properties. A subset of ADO.NET, which provides the same high-performance access to data for
developers who are using Visual Basic .NET and C# as ADOCE, is available for Windows CE-based devices.

OLE DB is a low-level data interface technology. OLE DB for SQL Server CE can be used from eMbedded Visual
C++, and it provides more granular capabilities than ADOCE or ADOXCE when used with SQL Server CE. Of
all the data access APIs, OLE DB for SQL Server CE provides the fastest data manipulation and access.

For more information about programming with these objects, see Building Applications.

Familiar SQL Grammar

SQL Server CE includes SQL grammar that allows applications to query a database and insert, update, and
delete data in the database. This grammar is compatible with the SQL grammar of other versions of Microsoft
SQL Server. Most statements that run on SQL Server CE also run on SQL Server databases.

SQL Server CE also supports intrinsic functions that are consistent with functions provided in SQL Server.

For more information, see SQL Reference for SQL Server CE.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

SQL Server CE Database Engine

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) provides:

SQL grammar compatible with SQL Server 2000.

Up One Level
●

SQL Server CE Environment Using data definition language (DDL), you can create databases, alter tables, enforce and check referential
integrity, and set default values. Using data manipulation language (DML), you can insert, update, and delete data.

Client and Server Environments You can also use the SELECT statement, UNION, intrinsic functions, and parameterized queries.

Multiple-column indexes and matching index limits.

Development Environment
●

● Transaction support.
● Referential integrity.
128-bit file-level encryption and password protection.
SQL Server CE Database Engine
●

Connectivity Solutions Compact Footprint

SQL Server CE Security
The SQL Server CE database engine occupies approximately 1.2 to 1.6 megabytes (MB) of
disk space, depending on the processor of the target device. SQL Server CE supports
databases up to 2 gigabytes (GB), with support for BLOBs of up to 1 GB.

For more information about the SQL Server CE database engine, see Working with SQL
Server CE Databases.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Connectivity Solutions

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports two
methods of connecting to and exchanging data with a data source:

Up One Level ● Remote data access (RDA)

● Merge replication

SQL Server CE Environment

Client and Server Environments These connectivity solutions use the authentication, authorization, and encryption services
of Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS). The connectivity can be performed over
Development Environment wired and wireless LANs and WANs. You can configure Microsoft ActiveSync® 3.5 or
ActiveSync 3.1 with SQL Server CE Relay, to use the network connection on a desktop
SQL Server CE Database Engine computer to communicate with SQL Server. This eliminates the requirement for the
Windows CE-based device to have a network card or modem.
Connectivity Solutions
SQL Server CE Security
RDA

RDA provides a simple way for a Windows CE-based application to access data located in a
remote SQL Server 7.0 or SQL Server 2000 database. You can use RDA when you do not
need the full functionality of merge replication. You can use RDA without configuring SQL
Server replication or creating publications.

Applications can use RDA in two ways: The application can submit a data manipulation
language (DML) statement that is forwarded to the SQL Server system for execution, or the
application can supply an SQL query that returns a rowset. The resulting rowset is
transmitted to the Windows CE-based device where it is stored in a table. All changes made
by the application are optionally tracked, and at the request of the application, the updated
rows are sent back to the server, where they are applied to the SQL Server database.

For more information, see Using Remote Data Access (RDA).

Merge Replication

Merge replication in SQL Server CE is based on the merge replication implemented in

Microsoft SQL Server 2000. Merge replication is suited to portable devices because it
enables data to be updated independently on the portable device and the server. The data
on the device and the server can later be synchronized when the device is connected to the
server.

Common scenarios for merge replication include: read-only replication; data capture and
upload; and replication, updating and synchronization. Most applications use a combination
of these scenarios. For example, a sales support application might use read-only replication
to download a price list to a device while relying on data capture and upload to capture new
orders on the device and then upload them to a server.

You can use both horizontal and vertical filters to define and maintain unique subsets of
data for different clients or groups of clients. Horizontal filters can be used to replicate a
subset of the rows in a published table. Vertical filters can be used to replicate a subset of
the columns in a published table.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

SQL Server CE Security

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) connectivity security
relies on the security models of Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) and SQL
Server 2000.

Up One Level
IIS authentication and authorization are configured to control which users can invoke the
SQL Server CE Environment SQL Server CE Server Agent, thereby, controlling the users that can perform database
synchronization using merge replication or remote data access. IIS can be configured to use
Client and Server Environments Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption. This safeguards the data sent between the Windows
CE-based device and IIS when database synchronization or remote database access is
Development Environment performed.

SQL Server CE Database Engine

Connectivity Solutions For more information, see Configuring Security for Connectivity.

SQL Server CE Security

In addition, a SQL Server CE database relies on a password and 128-bit encryption for
security. For more information, see Using SQL Server CE Database Security Features.

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MSDN Library Go SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 > Installing SQL Server
CE
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SQL Server CE Books Online

SQL Server CE Installation Overview

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) is typically installed in an
enterprise environment, which requires installing and configuring up to five systems:

Up One Level ● Development environment (Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET or Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools)
● Microsoft SQL Server system

SQL Server CE Installation Overview ●

●
Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) system
Microsoft Windows CE-based device
Microsoft ActiveSync® system (optional)
Hardware and Software Requirements
●

Upgrading from Earlier Versions of SQL Server CE After choosing a server configuration, reviewing the hardware and software requirements for each
system, and then installing the appropriate software, you are ready to install SQL Server CE.
Installing SQL Server CE with Visual Studio .NET
Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools
Installing SQL Server CE with Platform Builder
Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device
Installing SQL Server CE on an IIS System
Installing SQL Server CE on a SQL Server System
Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System
Installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

Single- and Multiple-Server Environments

The servers in the SQL Server CE environment can be configured as either a single- or multiple-server
environment. In a single-server environment, all systems are on one computer. In a multiple-server
environment, the IIS and SQL Server systems are on different computers. As shown in the preceding
illustration, a Windows CE-based device can connect directly to a single-server running IIS and SQL
Server, multiple-servers (one running IIS and the other running SQL Server), or a workstation running
a development environment. Application development environments for Windows CE-based mobile
devices include Microsoft Visual Studio .NET and Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools. Depending on your
server configuration, you may have to install SQL Server CE Server Tools on more than one computer.
For example, if you have multiple computers running IIS, each computer running IIS must have SQL
Server CE Server Tools installed.

Multiple servers are typically used in production, especially in a corporate enterprise, because they
provide more flexibility and can better meet complex security needs. If you are setting up SQL Server
CE for the first time, consider setting up a single-server environment. This allows you to install all the
necessary server software on one computer. You can further simplify setup by combining a single-
server and development environment on one computer to create a complete development and test
environment. After you have successfully set up a single-server environment, you can easily migrate to
a multiple-server environment.

ActiveSync

ActiveSync is required in the development environment to deploy and debug applications. Microsoft
Windows Powered Pocket PC 2002 can use ActiveSync 3.5 or later to synchronize SQL Server CE over a
serial, infrared (IR), or USB connection. When using Pocket PC 2000 or Handheld PC 2000 mobile
devices, you must use SQL Server CE Relay in conjunction with IIS to synchronize over these
connections. For more information, see Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System.

See Also

Installing SQL Server CE

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Hardware and Software Requirements

Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device

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The tables in this topic describe the hardware and software requirements for each system that Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server
CE) interacts with. For more information, see SQL Server CE Environment.

Hardware Requirements
Up One Level
SQL Server CE Installation Overview
Platform Requirements
Hardware and Software Requirements Development environment 45 MB of available disk space. The computer must have an additional 45 MB of temporary storage space for the setup files.

Upgrading from Earlier Versions of SQL Server CE Microsoft Windows CE-based device
(client environment)
Between 1 and 3 MB of available storage space, depending on processor type and components installed.
The file sizes for the SQL Server CE components vary by processor type and version of the Windows CE operating system. Space

Installing SQL Server CE with Visual Studio .NET

requirements also depend on the development environment and which SQL Server CE components you install.

Microsoft SQL Server system For more information, see "Installing SQL Server" in SQL Server Books Online.

Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools (server environment)

Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) system 120 MB of available disk space.

Installing SQL Server CE with Platform Builder (server environment)

Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device

Installing SQL Server CE on an IIS System Operating System Requirements
Installing SQL Server CE on a SQL Server System
Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System Platform Supported operating systems

Installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer Development environment Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Microsoft ActiveSync® 3.1 or later is required.

SQL Server system For information, see "Installing SQL Server" in SQL Server Books Online.
(server environment)

IIS system (server environment) Microsoft Windows 2000 and Windows XP. Windows NT 4.0 is supported only for manual configurations of the SQL Server CE Server
Agent.

Windows CE-based device: Microsoft Windows Powered Pocket PC 2002, Pocket PC 2000, and Handheld PC 2000. Microsoft Windows CE .NET version 4.1 (Platform
Builder) is supported for embedded devices.

SQL Server Requirements

SQL Server Supported SQL Server CE features

SQL Server 2000 with Service Pack 1 or higher Merge replication and remote data access (RDA) are supported.

SQL Server version 7.0 with Service Pack 3 or higher RDA is supported; replication is not supported.

RDA and replication require that Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) 2.6 or later be present on the Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) system. If
MDAC 2.6 or later is not present on the IIS system, SQL Server CE Setup installs it when you specify the Server Tools installation option or launch the self-
extracting SQL Server CE Server Tools installation file (Sqlce20sql2ksp1.exe or Sqlce20sql2ksp2.exe).

SQL Server CE RDA and replication are supported with computers running any edition of Microsoft SQL Server 2000 with Service Pack 1 or higher. SQL Server CE
replication is not supported with earlier versions of SQL Server. RDA is supported on SQL Server 7.0, but only in a multiple-server environment; if IIS and SQL
Server are installed on the same computer (a single-server environment) SQL Server 2000 with Service Pack 1 or higher is required.

IIS and Internet Explorer Requirements

Component Requirements

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Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.0 Internet Explorer 5.0 or later is required on the development system to access SQL Server CE Books Online.
Internet Explorer 5.0 or later is required on the IIS system.

Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) IIS versions supported on Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 with SP5 or higher, Microsoft Windows 2000 and Microsoft Windows XP.

ActiveSync Requirements

Component Requirements
ActiveSync 3.1 Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows NT® 4.0 with Service Pack 5 or later, or Windows 2000.

ActiveSync 3.5 (Recommended) Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows NT 4.0 with Service Pack 6 or later, Windows 2000, or
Windows XP.

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Upgrading from Earlier Versions of SQL Server CE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Upgrading from Earlier Versions of SQL Server CE

Upgrading Deployed Applications

When you upgrade, install SQL Server CE Server Tools first and then client components. Do not deploy newer client applications if you still have an earlier
version of SQL Server CE Server Tools on the computer running IIS. After all components are in place, redeploy the application to the devices. It is
important to ensure the upgraded application is available and functioning properly before removing the previous release of your application and the SQL
Server CE client components.

During the process of upgrading your application, you must change any references of SQL Server CE version 1.0 or 1.1 to SQL Server CE version 2.0.
When you upgrade the computer running IIS, you must install Server Tools for SQL Server CE 2.0. You can then configure a new virtual directory for SQL
Server CE 2.0 clients on this computer. As you deploy SQL Server CE 2.0 client components to your devices, you must update your application to use this
new virtual directory for SQL Server CE 2.0 by updating the InternetURL property of your Replication or Remote Data Access (RDA) objects. The new
InternetURL property ends with Sscesa20.dll instead of Sscesa10.dll. Updating the InternetURL property is critical because the SQL Server CE Client
Agent for SQL Server CE 2.0 can communicate only with the SQL Server CE Server Agent for SQL Server CE 2.0.

Note When you update your applications, it is not necessary to re-create the database files (.sdf files). SQL Server CE versions
2.0, 1.1, and 1.0 share the same file format.

See Also

Deploying Applications

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Upgrading from Earlier Versions of SQL Server CE

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports side-by-side
installation. Versions of SQL Server CE can coexist on the same computer, enabling a simple
and gradual upgrade process. SQL Server CE connectivity requires that the client
components on the Windows CE-based device and the server components installed on the
Up One Level computer running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) be the same major-release
version.
SQL Server CE Installation Overview
Hardware and Software Requirements
Upgrading Deployed Applications
Upgrading from Earlier Versions of SQL Server CE
Installing SQL Server CE with Visual Studio .NET When you upgrade, install SQL Server CE Server Tools first and then client components. Do
Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools not deploy newer client applications if you still have an earlier version of SQL Server CE
Server Tools on the computer running IIS. After all components are in place, redeploy the
Installing SQL Server CE with Platform Builder application to the devices. It is important to ensure the upgraded application is available
and functioning properly before removing the previous release of your application and the
Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device SQL Server CE client components.

Installing SQL Server CE on an IIS System

Installing SQL Server CE on a SQL Server System During the process of upgrading your application, you must change any references of SQL
Server CE version 1.0 or 1.1 to SQL Server CE version 2.0. When you upgrade the computer
Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System running IIS, you must install Server Tools for SQL Server CE 2.0. You can then configure a
new virtual directory for SQL Server CE 2.0 clients on this computer. As you deploy SQL
Installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer Server CE 2.0 client components to your devices, you must update your application to use
this new virtual directory for SQL Server CE 2.0 by updating the InternetURL property of
your Replication or Remote Data Access (RDA) objects. The new InternetURL property
ends with Sscesa20.dll instead of Sscesa10.dll. Updating the InternetURL property is
critical because the SQL Server CE Client Agent for SQL Server CE 2.0 can communicate
only with the SQL Server CE Server Agent for SQL Server CE 2.0.

Note When you update your applications, it is not necessary to re-

create the database files (.sdf files). SQL Server CE versions 2.0,
1.1, and 1.0 share the same file format.

See Also

Deploying Applications

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Installing Microsoft® Visual Studio® .NET automatically configures the development environment for use with Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
(SQL Server CE). After installing Visual Studio .NET, you must still configure the computer running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) and the Windows
CE-based device.

Up One Level File Locations and Descriptions

SQL Server CE Installation Overview
The following table lists the files, by location, that are installed on the development computer. By default, these files and folders are created in \Program
Hardware and Software Requirements Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\CompactFrameworkSDK\v1.0.5000.

Upgrading from Earlier Versions of SQL Server CE

Installing SQL Server CE with Visual Studio .NET Location Contents
Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools \Windows CE A folder that contains SQL Server CE Assemblies, System.Data.SqlServerCe.dll and System.Data.Common.

Installing SQL Server CE with Platform Builder \Windows CE\platform A series of subfolders. Each folder contains dynamic-link libraries (DLLs), Ssce20.dll, Ssceca20.dll, and Sscemw20.dll for use with each of the processors supported by SQL Server CE.
These folders also contain Isqlw20.exe, a program that implements the SQL Server CE Query Analyzer, and Ssceerror20en.dll, a DLL that provides error descriptions for use during
development. All of these components are included in the cab files Sqlce.platform.processor.cab and Sqlce.dev.platform.processor.cab, which are also located in the subfolder for each
Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device processor.

\ A folder that contains the SQL Server CE Books Online (Sqlce.chm), SQL Server CE Server Tools self-extracting executables (Sqlcesql2ksp1.exe and Sqlcesql2ksp2.exe), and SQL Server
Installing SQL Server CE on an IIS System CE Relay extension to Microsoft ActiveSync® (SSCERelay.exe).

Installing SQL Server CE on a SQL Server System

\Samples A series of folders containing sample applications.

Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System

Installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

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MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL Server > SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft SQL
Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 > Installing SQL Server CE
MSDN Library Go
Advanced Search SQL Server CE Books Online
Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools

This topic describes the prerequisites and steps for installing Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) on a computer running the
Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools development environment.

Note Set up the server configuration and the appropriate system software before you install SQL Server CE. For more information, see SQL
Server CE Installation Overview and Hardware and Software Requirements.
Up One Level
SQL Server CE Installation Overview
Before you install SQL Server CE on the eMbedded Visual Tools development system, you must install:
Hardware and Software Requirements
Upgrading from Earlier Versions of SQL Server CE
Microsoft ActiveSync® 3.1 or later
Installing SQL Server CE with Visual Studio .NET
●

● Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools 3.0

● One of the following Windows CE Software Development Kits (SDKs): Pocket PC SDK, Handheld PC 2000 SDK, or the Microsoft Windows Powered Pocket PC 2002 SDK.

Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools

Installing SQL Server CE with Platform Builder The Pocket PC SDK is included with eMbedded Visual Tools, and the other SDKs are available at this Microsoft Web site.

Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device

Installing SQL Server CE on an IIS System To install SQL Server CE on an eMbedded Visual Tools development system

Installing SQL Server CE on a SQL Server System

Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System
1. From Windows Explorer, navigate to the location of the source files for SQL Server CE, and then double-click setup.exe.
2. When prompted, click Development Tools.

Installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

If Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) is running on the same computer as the development environment, select the Server Tools check box if you want to install Server Tools at this time. For more
information, see Installing SQL Server CE on an IIS System.

After Setup completes, the development environment is configured to use SQL Server CE. SQL Server CE is not downloaded to the device until you begin your
development project. For more information, see Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device.

Note If you encounter any problems during the installation of Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows CE 3.1 (ADOCE), you must
remove and reinstall SQL Server CE. The ADOCE components do not include a repair option under Add/Remove components in Control Panel.

File Locations and Descriptions

The following table lists the files, by location, that are installed on the development computer. By default, these files and folders are created in \Program
Files\Microsoft SQL Server CE 2.0.

Location Contents
\Device A series of subfolders. Each folder contains dynamic-link libraries (DLLs), Ssce20.dll and Ssceca20.dll, for use with each of the processors supported by SQL Server CE.
These folders also contain DllRegister.exe, a tool that registers the DLLs, Isqlw20.exe, a program that implements SQL Server CE Query Analyzer, and Ssceerror20en.dll, a DLL that provides error
descriptions for use during development.

\Inc Include files for use with Microsoft eMbedded Visual Basic® and Microsoft eMbedded Visual C++®.
Ca_mergex20.h is the header for the SQL Server CE Microsoft ActiveX objects.
Ssceoledb.h is the SQL SERVER CE header for OLE DB.

\Lib A series of folders. Each folder contains the library Ca_mergex20.lib for the SQL Server CE ActiveX objects. There is a separate folder for each processor supported by SQL Server CE.
A single type library (Ca_mergex20.tlb) is located in the root of this directory. It describes the SQL Server CE RDA, replication, and Engine objects.

\Relay A folder that contains the SQL Server CE Relay extension to ActiveSync (SSCERelay.exe).

\Redist A series of folders containing the components that you might have to include together when you deploy an application, including SQL Server CE Server Tools self-extracting executables
(Sqlce20sql2ksp1.exe and Sqlce20sql2ksp2.exe) and SQL Server CE Relay.

\Samples A series of folders containing sample applications.

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Microsoft® Platform Builder is used to create a custom Microsoft Windows® CE operating system for use in a custom Windows CE-based device, such as an
embedded controller for a piece of equipment. Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports Microsoft Platform Builder for Microsoft
Windows CE .NET version 4.1.

Before you install SQL Server CE, you must install Microsoft ActiveSync® 3.1 or later and Microsoft Platform Builder for Microsoft Windows CE .NET version 4.1.
Up One Level
SQL Server CE Installation Overview
To install SQL Server CE on a computer with Platform Builder
Hardware and Software Requirements
Upgrading from Earlier Versions of SQL Server CE 1. From Windows Explorer, navigate to the location of the source files for Microsoft SQL Server CE, and then double-click setup.exe.

Installing SQL Server CE with Visual Studio .NET

2. When prompted, click Development Tools.

Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools After Setup completes, the platform builder environment is configured to use SQL Server CE.
Installing SQL Server CE with Platform Builder
Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device
File Locations and Descriptions
Installing SQL Server CE on an IIS System
Installing SQL Server CE on a SQL Server System The following folder and files are installed on the computer running Platform Builder. By default, this folder and these files are created in
Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System \WinCE410\Others\SqlServerCE2. These files are installed in addition to the files specified in Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools.

Installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

Important If you install eMbedded Visual Tools and one of the supported SDKs on the same computer with Platform Builder after SQL
Server CE is installed, you must reinstall SQL Server CE to properly register SQL Server CE with the SDKs.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device

After you install Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) on a
development system, you must install SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based device. The
process for installing SQL Server CE on the device depends upon whether you are using the
Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET or the Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools development
Up One Level environment. The following topics describe the installation process for each environment:

Installing SQL Server CE on a Device Using Visual Studio .NET

Installing SQL Server CE on a Device Using Visual Studio .NET
Installing SQL Server CE on a Device Using eMbedded Visual Tools
●

● Installing SQL Server CE on a Device Using eMbedded Visual Tools

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Installing SQL Server CE on a Device Using Visual Studio .NET

In the Microsoft® Visual Studio® .NET development system, you can use one of the
following procedures to install the Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL
Server CE) system files to a Windows CE-based device:

Up One Level
Include SQL Server CE in your project.
Installing SQL Server CE on a Device Using Visual Studio .NET
●

Installing SQL Server CE on a Device Using eMbedded Visual Tools This is the most common method for installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE device. To include SQL Server CE
in your project, on the Project menu, click Add Reference, and select System.Data.SqlServerCe.

● Manually copy and extract the .cab files.

The Netcf.core.platform.processor.cab and Sqlce.platform.processor.cab files are installed by default in \Program

Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\CompactFrameworkSDK\v1.0.5000\Windows CE\platform\processor.

The Sqlce.dev.platform.processor.cab file includes SQL Server CE Query Analyzer and the DLLs that provide error
descriptions for use during development (Ssceerror20en.dll and Msdaeren.dll).

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MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL Server > SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft SQL
Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 > Installing SQL Server CE > Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device
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Installing SQL Server CE on a Device Using eMbedded Visual Tools

In the Microsoft® eMbedded Visual Tools development system, you can use either an automated process with Microsoft eMbedded Visual Basic® or a manual
process to download Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) to the Windows CE-based device.

eMbedded Visual Basic Automated Process

Up One Level
Installing SQL Server CE on a Device Using Visual Studio .NET Using eMbedded Visual Basic to include SQL Server CE in your project is the most common method for installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based device. To
include SQL Server CE in your project, on the Project menu, select References, Microsoft CE SQL Server Control 2.0, and then Microsoft CE ADO Control
Installing SQL Server CE on a Device Using eMbedded Visual Tools 3.1.

Note In the event of installation problems, you can force eMbedded Visual Basic to download components again: On the Project menu,
click Properties. On the General tab, set the Update Components Frequency to Always, and select the Project Components check
box.

If you are using Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects Extensions for Data Definition Language (DDL) and Security (ADOXCE), you must also include Microsoft CE
ADO Ext. 3.1 for DDL. For more information, see Deploying Applications from eMbedded Visual Tools.

Manual Installation Process

You can manually install SQL Server CE and your eMbedded Visual Tools application on a Windows CE-based device by copying and registering all the required
files. Use the following information to determine which files the application requires. Select the files appropriate for the processor type of the Windows CE-based
device. To determine the processor type of the device, see the device documentation.

Application Files

On Pocket PCs, you can copy the application executable to the \Windows\Start Menu folder, and then run it from the Start menu on the device. The application
executable file is located in the project tree that you create:

● Microsoft eMbedded Visual Basic creates the executable file directly in the project subdirectory.
● Microsoft eMbedded Visual C++® creates a separate subdirectory for each platform processor type that you want it to build. For example, MIPS processor application executables are created in \projectname\MIPSRel
for the release version and \projectname\MIPSDbg for the debug version.

SQL Server CE Files

Copy the SQL Server CE files to the \Windows directory of the Windows CE-based device. These files are located in \Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server CE
2.0\Device\processor family\processor type by default. For more information about file locations and descriptions, see Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded
Visual Tools.

File Requirement
Ssce20.dll Required. Must be registered.

Ssceca20.dll Required for replication and remote data access (RDA). Must be registered.

Ssceerror20en.dll Optional for error messages used during development.

Isqlw20.exe Optional for SQL Server CE Query Analyzer.

ADOCE and OLE DB Files

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Copy the SQL Server CE files to the \Windows directory on the Windows CE-based device. These files are located by default in \Windows CE
Tools\dataaccess31\Windows CE OS version\processor type.

File Requirement
Msdaeren.dll Optional for error messages. Msdaeren.dll is the English version of the Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects for Windows CE (ADOCE) error DLL and works on devices
of all languages. For localized ADOCE error messages, substitute the Msdaerxx.dll that corresponds to the language setting of the device.

Adoce31.dll Required. Must be registered.

Adoceoledb31.dll Required.

Adoxce31.dll Required for ADOXCE. Must be registered.

Registering the SQL Server CE Application on the Device

Use DllRegister.exe to register the DLLs that require registration. DllRegister.exe registers all the SQL Server CE, ADOCE, and OLE DB CE components on the
device and warns if optional components are missing from the device. DllRegister.exe is located by default in \Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server CE
2.0\Device\processor family\processor type.

To register the SQL Server CE application

1. Select the appropriate version of DllRegister.exe based on the processor type of the device.
2. Copy DllRegister.exe from the development system to the Windows CE-based device, and then run the executable. On Pocket PCs, you can copy DllRegister.exe to the \Windows\Start menu folder, and then run it
from the Start menu on the device.

Alternately, you can register the DLLs individually by using Regsvrce.exe from the Windows CE SDK or by calling the DllRegisterServer function in each DLL.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Installing SQL Server CE on an IIS System

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition 2.0 (SQL Server CE) Server Tools are
required for applications that use SQL Server CE connectivity. If you use replication or
remote data access (RDA), you must install SQL Server CE Server Tools on the computer
running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS). Replication requires the SQL Server
Up One Level CE Server Tools installer appropriate for the service pack that SQL Server is running. SQL
Server CE ships with two installers: Sqlce20sql2ksp1.exe (SQL Server Service Pack 1) and
SQL Server CE Installation Overview Sqlce20sql2ksp2.exe (SQL Server Service Pack 2). If the instance of SQL Server is running
a service pack later than Service Pack 2, download an updated SQL Server CE Server Tools
Hardware and Software Requirements installer from this Microsoft Web site.

Upgrading from Earlier Versions of SQL Server CE

Installing SQL Server CE with Visual Studio .NET SQL Server CE Server Tools Setup installs the SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll)
and the SQL Server CE Replication Provider (Sscerp20.dll) in \Program Files\Microsoft SQL
Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools Server CE 2.0\Server and additional SQL Server replication components in \Program
Files\Microsoft SQL Server\80\Com.
Installing SQL Server CE with Platform Builder
Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device To set up SQL Server CE on the computer running IIS if you are using Microsoft
Installing SQL Server CE on an IIS System Visual Studio® .NET

Installing SQL Server CE on a SQL Server System

Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System
● From Windows Explorer on the computer running IIS, navigate to the source files for SQL Server CE, and then
double-click sqlce20sql2ksp1.exe or sqlce20sql2ksp2.exe. These files are installed in \Program Files\Microsoft
Visual Studio .NET 2003\CompactFrameworkSDK\v1.0.5000.

Installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

To set up SQL Server CE on the computer running IIS if you are using Microsoft
eMbedded Visual Tools

1. From Windows Explorer, navigate to the source files for SQL Server CE, and then double-click setup.exe.
2. When prompted, click Server Tools. If the computer running IIS also has SQL Server Service Pack 1 or Service
Pack 2 installed, the appropriate Server Tools installation file is installed. If the computer running IIS does not have
SQL Server installed, the installation file that corresponds to SQL Server Service Pack 1 (Sqlce20sql2ksp1.exe) is
installed.

Note You can also obtain the Server Tools installer

(Sqlce20sql2ksp1.exe and Sqlce20sql2ksp2.exe) from an
existing development system. SQL Server CE Setup
installs the files in \Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server
CE 2.0\Redist\Server.

SQL Server CE Connectivity Management Utility

At the end of the setup process, the SQL Server CE Server Tools installer optionally
launches the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard, a component of the SQL
Server CE Connectivity Management utility. For more information about the SQL Server CE
Connectivity Management utility, see Configuring Security for Connectivity.

Support for Multilingual Environments

SQL Server CE Server Tools includes localized Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC)
files that affect how setup screens and error messages are displayed. The language of SQL
Server CE Setup determines the language of the MDAC software in SQL Server CE Server
Tools. For other language-related issues, see Ensuring Proper ANSI to Unicode Conversions.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Installing SQL Server CE on a SQL Server System

Using Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) in a Microsoft
SQL Server environment does not require the installation of any components on the SQL
Server system. However, if you are using remote data access (RDA) or replication, it is
important to install (on the computer running IIS) the version of the SQL Server CE Server
Up One Level Tools appropriate for the version of SQL Server you are using. For more information about
SQL Server CE Server Tools, see Installing SQL Server CE on an IIS System.
SQL Server CE Installation Overview
Hardware and Software Requirements
Upgrading from Earlier Versions of SQL Server CE See Also
Installing SQL Server CE with Visual Studio .NET
Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools Hardware and Software Requirements

Installing SQL Server CE with Platform Builder

Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device
Installing SQL Server CE on an IIS System
Installing SQL Server CE on a SQL Server System
Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System
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Installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer
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Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System

If you use Microsoft® ActiveSync® 3.1 with a serial, infrared (IR), or USB connection to communicate between a Microsoft Windows® CE-based device
and an instance of Microsoft SQL Server™ using Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) through the network connection of a desktop computer, you
must install SQL Server CE Relay on the computer running ActiveSync. This is required both during application development and during application
deployment after development has been completed if the Windows CE-based devices do not have integrated network connectivity.

SQL Server CE Relay is installed automatically on the development computer when you install the development tools.

Important Microsoft Windows Powered Pocket PC 2002-based devices using ActiveSync 3.5 do not require SQL Server CE Relay,
because this configuration supports Ethernet connectivity to and from the device through the desktop computer.

To set up SQL Server CE Relay on the computer running ActiveSync

1. On the existing development computer, if you are using Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools, navigate to the \Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server CE 2.0\Redist\Relay folder. If you are using Microsoft Visual
Studio® .NET, navigate to the \Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\CompactFrameworkSDK\v1.0.5000 folder.
2. Copy Sscerelay.exe to any directory on the computer running ActiveSync.
3. Configure SQL Server CE Relay. For more information, see Using SQL Server CE Relay.

To remove SQL Server CE Relay from the computer running ActiveSync

SQL Server CE Relay is not installed using the setup process; therefore, you cannot use Control Panel to add or remove it. You must remove Relay using a
command prompt.

1. At the MS-DOS® command prompt, use the CD command to navigate to the location where you previously copied and configured SQL Server CE Relay on the computer running ActiveSync. For example,
type:

cd c:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server CE 2.0\Relay

2. To unregister SQL Server CE Relay, type:

Sscerelay /unregister

3. To delete Sscerelay.exe, type:

del sscerelay.exe

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System

If you use Microsoft® ActiveSync® 3.1 with a serial, infrared (IR), or USB connection to
communicate between a Microsoft Windows® CE-based device and an instance of Microsoft
SQL Server™ using Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) through the network
connection of a desktop computer, you must install SQL Server CE Relay on the computer
Up One Level running ActiveSync. This is required both during application development and during
application deployment after development has been completed if the Windows CE-based
SQL Server CE Installation Overview devices do not have integrated network connectivity.

Hardware and Software Requirements

SQL Server CE Relay is installed automatically on the development computer when you
Upgrading from Earlier Versions of SQL Server CE install the development tools.

Installing SQL Server CE with Visual Studio .NET

Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools Important Microsoft Windows Powered Pocket PC 2002-based
devices using ActiveSync 3.5 do not require SQL Server CE Relay,
Installing SQL Server CE with Platform Builder because this configuration supports Ethernet connectivity to and
from the device through the desktop computer.
Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device
Installing SQL Server CE on an IIS System
To set up SQL Server CE Relay on the computer running ActiveSync
Installing SQL Server CE on a SQL Server System
Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System
1. On the existing development computer, if you are using Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools, navigate to the \Program
Installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer Files\Microsoft SQL Server CE 2.0\Redist\Relay folder. If you are using Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET, navigate to
the \Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\CompactFrameworkSDK\v1.0.5000 folder.
2. Copy Sscerelay.exe to any directory on the computer running ActiveSync.
3. Configure SQL Server CE Relay. For more information, see Using SQL Server CE Relay.

To remove SQL Server CE Relay from the computer running ActiveSync

SQL Server CE Relay is not installed using the setup process; therefore, you cannot use
Control Panel to add or remove it. You must remove Relay using a command prompt.

1. At the MS-DOS® command prompt, use the CD command to navigate to the location where you previously copied
and configured SQL Server CE Relay on the computer running ActiveSync. For example, type:

cd c:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server CE 2.0\Relay

2. To unregister SQL Server CE Relay, type:

Sscerelay /unregister

3. To delete Sscerelay.exe, type:

del sscerelay.exe

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Installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

SQL Server CE Query Analyzer is installed automatically if you are using Microsoft® Visual Studio® .NET, but requires manual installation if you are using
Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools.

Visual Studio .NET

If you install Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) with Visual Studio .NET, SQL Server CE Query Analyzer (Isqlw20.exe) is
placed on the development computer in C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003\CompactFrameworkSDK\v1.0.5000\Windows
CE\platform\processor.

SQL Server CE Query Analyzer is automatically installed on the device the first time you deploy an application (by selecting Start from the Debug menu
in Visual Studio .NET) that references the System.Data.SqlServerCe namespace. The default installation location is \Program Files\SQLCE2.0. A shortcut
to SQL Server CE Query Analyzer also appears on the Start menu of the device.

You can manually copy SQL Server CE Query Analyzer to the device by copying and extracting the following cab files from C:\Program Files\Microsoft
Visual Studio .NET 2003\CompactFrameworkSDK\v1.0.5000\Windows CE to the root directory of the device: Netcf.cjk.platform.processor.cab,
Sqlce.platform.processor.cab, and Sqlce.dev.platform.processor.cab. A shortcut to SQL Server CE Query Analyzer appears in the Start menu of the
device.

eMbedded Visual Tools

If you install SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools, SQL Server CE Query Analyzer (Isqlw20.exe) is placed on the development computer in
C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server CE 2.0\Device\processor family\processor type.

If SQL Server CE is not installed on the device:

1. Create a blank eMbedded Visual Basic project and include SQL Server CE in the project. On the Project menu, click References, Microsoft CE SQL Server Control 2.0, and then Microsoft CE ADO
Control 3.1.
2. Copy Ssce20.dll, Ssceca20.dll, Ssceerror20en.dll, Msdaeren.dll, Adoce31.dll, and Adoceoledb31.dll to the \Windows directory. For more information, see "Manual Installation Process" in Installing SQL
Server CE on a Device Using eMbedded Visual Tools.
3. After you have deployed an application referencing SQL Server CE or have manually installed the SQL Server CE files listed above, copy Isqlw20.exe to \Windows\Start Menu for Pocket PC devices or
\Windows\Desktop for Handheld PC 2000 devices.

To start SQL Server CE Query Analyzer, either select the application from the Start menu or tap the icon on the desktop.

See Also

Using SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

SQL Server CE Query Analyzer is installed automatically if you are using Microsoft® Visual
Studio® .NET, but requires manual installation if you are using Microsoft eMbedded Visual
Tools.

Up One Level
SQL Server CE Installation Overview Visual Studio .NET
Hardware and Software Requirements
Upgrading from Earlier Versions of SQL Server CE If you install Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) with
Visual Studio .NET, SQL Server CE Query Analyzer (Isqlw20.exe) is placed on the
Installing SQL Server CE with Visual Studio .NET development computer in C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
2003\CompactFrameworkSDK\v1.0.5000\Windows CE\platform\processor.
Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools
Installing SQL Server CE with Platform Builder SQL Server CE Query Analyzer is automatically installed on the device the first time you
Installing SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based Device deploy an application (by selecting Start from the Debug menu in Visual Studio .NET) that
references the System.Data.SqlServerCe namespace. The default installation location is
Installing SQL Server CE on an IIS System \Program Files\SQLCE2.0. A shortcut to SQL Server CE Query Analyzer also appears on the
Start menu of the device.
Installing SQL Server CE on a SQL Server System
Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System You can manually copy SQL Server CE Query Analyzer to the device by copying and
extracting the following cab files from C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
Installing SQL Server CE Query Analyzer 2003\CompactFrameworkSDK\v1.0.5000\Windows CE to the root directory of the device:
Netcf.cjk.platform.processor.cab, Sqlce.platform.processor.cab, and
Sqlce.dev.platform.processor.cab. A shortcut to SQL Server CE Query Analyzer appears in
the Start menu of the device.

eMbedded Visual Tools

If you install SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools, SQL Server CE Query Analyzer
(Isqlw20.exe) is placed on the development computer in C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL
Server CE 2.0\Device\processor family\processor type.

If SQL Server CE is not installed on the device:

1. Create a blank eMbedded Visual Basic project and include SQL Server CE in the project. On the Project menu, click
References, Microsoft CE SQL Server Control 2.0, and then Microsoft CE ADO Control 3.1.
2. Copy Ssce20.dll, Ssceca20.dll, Ssceerror20en.dll, Msdaeren.dll, Adoce31.dll, and Adoceoledb31.dll to the \Windows
directory. For more information, see "Manual Installation Process" in Installing SQL Server CE on a Device Using
eMbedded Visual Tools.
3. After you have deployed an application referencing SQL Server CE or have manually installed the SQL Server CE
files listed above, copy Isqlw20.exe to \Windows\Start Menu for Pocket PC devices or \Windows\Desktop for
Handheld PC 2000 devices.

To start SQL Server CE Query Analyzer, either select the application from the Start menu or
tap the icon on the desktop.

See Also

Using SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

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After you install the necessary systems for Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), you must configure the appropriate security and
connectivity options before any data can be exchanged by using replication or remote data access (RDA). The topics in this section describe the security and
connectivity requirements for SQL Server CE.

Up One Level Topic Description

Planning for Security Provides general information about security.
Planning for Security Configuring Connectivity Support in IIS Provides information about configuring connectivity support for replication and remote data access, including NTFS permissions

Configuring Connectivity Support in IIS requirements and advanced security configurations.

Using SQL Server CE Relay Provides information about installing and configuring SQL Server CE Relay when you are using Microsoft ActiveSync® 3.1.

Using SQL Server CE Relay

After connectivity support for replication and remote data access are properly configured, you are ready to use these connectivity solutions by enabling the
functionality in a Windows CE-based application. For more information, see Managing Connectivity and Building Applications.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Planning for Security

Connectivity between Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE)
and an instance of Microsoft SQL Server relies entirely upon properly configuring the
security models for both Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) and SQL Server.

Up One Level
In the SQL Server CE connectivity scenario, a Windows CE-based application initiates
IIS Security synchronization by invoking the appropriate SQL Server CE connectivity solution: either
replication or remote data access (RDA). Before accessing a SQL Server database using
SQL Server Security replication or RDA through HTTP, you must set up an IIS virtual directory that contains the
SQL Server CE Server Agent and configure the appropriate NTFS permissions. Configuring
IIS authentication and authorization specifies the clients that can invoke the SQL Server CE
Server Agent. Implementing this layer of security controls the clients that can perform
database synchronization or remote database access.

Note IIS can be configured to use Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

encryption. This safeguards the data sent between the Windows CE-
based device and IIS when database synchronization or remote
database access is performed. For more information, see Configuring
SSL Encryption.

After the SQL Server CE Server Agent is invoked, it connects to an instance of SQL Server.
SQL Server authentication and authorization can be configured to control access to SQL
Server or SQL Server publications.

The following topics describe how IIS and SQL Server are configured to support security for
the SQL Server CE connectivity solutions (replication and RDA):

● IIS Security
● SQL Server Security

For more information about SQL Server CE database security, see Using the SQL Server CE
Database Security Features.

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IIS Security (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

IIS Security

This topic describes how Microsoft® SQL Server® 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) relies on:

● IIS Authentication
● IIS Authorization
● IIS Encryption

IIS Authentication

When you configure the SQL Server CE Server Agent, you specify whether clients must perform Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)
authentication when they connect to the SQL Server CE Server Agent. There are three forms of IIS authentication:

● Anonymous Access
● Basic Authentication
● Integrated Windows Authentication

It is expected that most Internet applications will use Basic authentication and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption.

Anonymous Access

With Anonymous access, IIS does not perform client authentication. All work that the SQL Server CE Server Agent performs on behalf of the client is
performed under the identity of the Internet Guest Account. By default, the Internet Guest Account is IUSR_computername, but you can designate some
other Windows user account as the Internet Guest Account.

Basic Authentication

With Basic authentication, the SQL Server CE client must supply a valid Windows account user name and password. IIS attempts to log in by using the
client-supplied user name and password. If the login attempt succeeds, all work that the SQL Server CE Server Agent performs is performed under the
identity of the specified Windows user account. If the login attempt fails, the request from the client is rejected. Basic authentication can be used for both
Internet and intranet applications. Basic authentication requires that each client have a valid Windows account with a corresponding user name and
password.

Important By default, Basic authentication passes the user name and password across the network in base64 encoding. This can
pose a security risk if anyone eavesdrops on the password exchange because the base64 encoding can easily be decoded. To
safeguard the user password, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption should always be used whenever Basic authentication is used.
For more information, see Configuring SSL Encryption.

Integrated Windows Authentication

Integrated Windows authentication works much like Basic authentication. The SQL Server CE client must supply a valid Windows account user name and
password. IIS attempts to log in using the user name and password. If the login attempt succeeds, all work that the SQL Server CE Server Agent performs
is performed under the identity of the Windows user account. If the login attempt fails, the client synchronization request is rejected. Integrated Windows
authentication has one primary advantage over Basic authentication: Unlike Basic authentication, Integrated Windows authentication does not transmit
the client's user name and password over the network in unencrypted form. This avoids the risk of someone intercepting the password. Integrated
Windows authentication is best suited to intranet applications. Integrated Windows authentication is seldom used for Internet applications because it
cannot operate over a proxy server or firewall.

Note Because Microsoft Windows CE 3.0 does not support Digest Authentication, Kerberos Authentication, and Client Certificate
Authentication, SQL Server CE connectivity solutions do not support these forms of authentication.

IIS Authorization

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IIS Security (SQL Server CE Books Online)

After the IIS client is authenticated, IIS authorization determines whether the client can invoke the SQL Server CE Server Agent. You control who can
perform SQL Server CE connectivity by controlling the clients that can access the SQL Server CE Server Agent.

IIS provides the following mechanisms for controlling access:

● IIS first checks the address of the client against any IP address restrictions that are configured. You can configure the Web server to prevent specific computers, groups of computers, or entire networks
from accessing the SQL Server CE Server Agent. When a client initially tries to access the SQL Server CE Server Agent, IIS checks the IP address of the client computer against the IP address restriction
settings on the server. If the IP address is denied access, the synchronization request from the client is rejected with the message: "403 Access Forbidden".
● If IIS is configured to require authentication, IIS checks whether the client has a valid Windows user account as described in IIS Authentication. If the user account is not valid, the client's synchronization
request is rejected with the message: "403 Access Forbidden".
● IIS next checks the Web permissions. This IIS security check is not relevant for SQL Server CE connectivity solutions.
● IIS then checks NTFS permissions for the SQL Server CE Server Agent to ensure the connecting user has appropriate permissions. For information about configuring the NTFS permissions required for SQL
Server CE applications using replication or RDA, see Configuring Connectivity Support in IIS and Configuring IIS and NTFS Permissions Manually.

Note Although IIS can also be used with a File Allocation Table (FAT) file system, it is strongly recommended that you
use NTFS. NTFS allows use of access control lists (ACLs) for granting or denying access to the SQL Server CE Server
Agent and the input and output message files on the IIS system.

IIS Encryption

When you configure the SQL Server CE Server Agent, you can specify SSL encryption. When you specify SSL encryption, all communication between the
SQL Server CE Client Agent and SQL Server CE Server Agent is encrypted. For more information, see Configuring SSL Encryption.

You should use SSL encryption in the following situations:

● If you configure IIS to use Basic authentication.

This is essential to safeguard the Internet password of the user. By default, Basic authentication transmits the user name and password across the network in base64 encoding. This can pose a security
risk if anyone eavesdrops on the password exchange because the base64 encoding can easily be decoded. SSL encryption should always be used whenever Basic authentication is used to safeguard the
user's Internet password.

● For RDA only: If the application specifies an OLEDBConnectionString parameter that contains a password.

The RDA Pull, Push, and SubmitSQL methods require an OLEDBConnectionString parameter. This connection string is passed across the network in clear text form. This can pose a security risk if anyone
eavesdrops on the password exchange.

● For replication only: If either the SQL Server Publisher or Distributor relies on SQL Server authentication.

The Distributor is using SQL Server authentication if the DistributorSecurityMode property specifies DB_AUTHENTICATION. The Publisher is using SQL Server authentication if the
PublisherSecurityMode property specifies DB_AUTHENTICATION. When SQL Server authentication is used, the DistributorPassword and PublisherPassword are passed across the network in clear
text form. This can pose a security risk if anyone eavesdrops on the password exchange. SSL encryption should always be used whenever SQL Server Authentication is used to safeguard
DistributorPassword and PublisherPassword.

See Also

Configuring IP Address and Domain Name Restrictions

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SQL Server CE Books Online

IIS Security

This topic describes how Microsoft® SQL Server® 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server
CE) relies on:

Up One Level ● IIS Authentication

IIS Authorization
IIS Security
●

● IIS Encryption

SQL Server Security

IIS Authentication

When you configure the SQL Server CE Server Agent, you specify whether clients must
perform Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) authentication when they connect to
the SQL Server CE Server Agent. There are three forms of IIS authentication:

● Anonymous Access
● Basic Authentication
● Integrated Windows Authentication

It is expected that most Internet applications will use Basic authentication and Secure
Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption.

Anonymous Access

With Anonymous access, IIS does not perform client authentication. All work that the SQL
Server CE Server Agent performs on behalf of the client is performed under the identity of
the Internet Guest Account. By default, the Internet Guest Account is
IUSR_computername, but you can designate some other Windows user account as the
Internet Guest Account.

Basic Authentication

With Basic authentication, the SQL Server CE client must supply a valid Windows account
user name and password. IIS attempts to log in by using the client-supplied user name and
password. If the login attempt succeeds, all work that the SQL Server CE Server Agent
performs is performed under the identity of the specified Windows user account. If the login
attempt fails, the request from the client is rejected. Basic authentication can be used for
both Internet and intranet applications. Basic authentication requires that each client have a
valid Windows account with a corresponding user name and password.

Important By default, Basic authentication passes the user name

and password across the network in base64 encoding. This can pose
a security risk if anyone eavesdrops on the password exchange
because the base64 encoding can easily be decoded. To safeguard
the user password, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption should
always be used whenever Basic authentication is used. For more

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information, see Configuring SSL Encryption.

Integrated Windows Authentication

Integrated Windows authentication works much like Basic authentication. The SQL Server
CE client must supply a valid Windows account user name and password. IIS attempts to
log in using the user name and password. If the login attempt succeeds, all work that the
SQL Server CE Server Agent performs is performed under the identity of the Windows user
account. If the login attempt fails, the client synchronization request is rejected. Integrated
Windows authentication has one primary advantage over Basic authentication: Unlike Basic
authentication, Integrated Windows authentication does not transmit the client's user name
and password over the network in unencrypted form. This avoids the risk of someone
intercepting the password. Integrated Windows authentication is best suited to intranet
applications. Integrated Windows authentication is seldom used for Internet applications
because it cannot operate over a proxy server or firewall.

Note Because Microsoft Windows CE 3.0 does not support Digest

Authentication, Kerberos Authentication, and Client Certificate
Authentication, SQL Server CE connectivity solutions do not support
these forms of authentication.

IIS Authorization

After the IIS client is authenticated, IIS authorization determines whether the client can
invoke the SQL Server CE Server Agent. You control who can perform SQL Server CE
connectivity by controlling the clients that can access the SQL Server CE Server Agent.

IIS provides the following mechanisms for controlling access:

● IIS first checks the address of the client against any IP address restrictions that are configured. You can configure
the Web server to prevent specific computers, groups of computers, or entire networks from accessing the SQL
Server CE Server Agent. When a client initially tries to access the SQL Server CE Server Agent, IIS checks the IP
address of the client computer against the IP address restriction settings on the server. If the IP address is denied
access, the synchronization request from the client is rejected with the message: "403 Access Forbidden".
● If IIS is configured to require authentication, IIS checks whether the client has a valid Windows user account as
described in IIS Authentication. If the user account is not valid, the client's synchronization request is rejected with
the message: "403 Access Forbidden".
● IIS next checks the Web permissions. This IIS security check is not relevant for SQL Server CE connectivity
solutions.
● IIS then checks NTFS permissions for the SQL Server CE Server Agent to ensure the connecting user has
appropriate permissions. For information about configuring the NTFS permissions required for SQL Server CE
applications using replication or RDA, see Configuring Connectivity Support in IIS and Configuring IIS and NTFS
Permissions Manually.

Note Although IIS can also be used with a File Allocation

Table (FAT) file system, it is strongly recommended that
you use NTFS. NTFS allows use of access control lists
(ACLs) for granting or denying access to the SQL Server
CE Server Agent and the input and output message files
on the IIS system.

IIS Encryption

When you configure the SQL Server CE Server Agent, you can specify SSL encryption. When
you specify SSL encryption, all communication between the SQL Server CE Client Agent and
SQL Server CE Server Agent is encrypted. For more information, see Configuring SSL
Encryption.

You should use SSL encryption in the following situations:

● If you configure IIS to use Basic authentication.

This is essential to safeguard the Internet password of the user. By default, Basic authentication transmits the user
name and password across the network in base64 encoding. This can pose a security risk if anyone eavesdrops on
the password exchange because the base64 encoding can easily be decoded. SSL encryption should always be
used whenever Basic authentication is used to safeguard the user's Internet password.

● For RDA only: If the application specifies an OLEDBConnectionString parameter that contains a password.

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The RDA Pull, Push, and SubmitSQL methods require an OLEDBConnectionString parameter. This connection
string is passed across the network in clear text form. This can pose a security risk if anyone eavesdrops on the
password exchange.

● For replication only: If either the SQL Server Publisher or Distributor relies on SQL Server authentication.

The Distributor is using SQL Server authentication if the DistributorSecurityMode property specifies
DB_AUTHENTICATION. The Publisher is using SQL Server authentication if the PublisherSecurityMode property
specifies DB_AUTHENTICATION. When SQL Server authentication is used, the DistributorPassword and
PublisherPassword are passed across the network in clear text form. This can pose a security risk if anyone
eavesdrops on the password exchange. SSL encryption should always be used whenever SQL Server Authentication
is used to safeguard DistributorPassword and PublisherPassword.

See Also

Configuring IP Address and Domain Name Restrictions

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SQL Server Security (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

SQL Server Security

This topic describes how Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) works with:

● SQL Server Authentication

● SQL Server Authorization

SQL Server Authentication

SQL Server supports two forms of authentication:

● Windows Authentication
● SQL Server Authentication

Windows Authentication

When Windows authentication is used to connect to SQL Server, Microsoft Windows is entirely responsible for authenticating the client. In this case, the
client is identified by its Windows user account. In the case of SQL Server CE replication or remote data access (RDA), the SQL Server CE Server Agent
acts as the database client, running under the identity of a Windows user account:

● When IIS is configured to use Anonymous access, the SQL Server CE Server Agent runs under the identity of the Internet Guest Account, by default IUSR_computername. If you configure another
Windows user account as the IIS anonymous user account, the SQL Server CE Server Agent runs under the identity of that account.
● When IIS is configured to use Basic authentication, the SQL Server CE Server Agent runs under the identity of the Windows user account for which the client supplied the Internet user name and password.
● When IIS is configured to use Integrated Windows authentication, the SQL Server CE Server Agent runs under the identity of the client.

SQL Server Authentication

When SQL Server authentication is used, SQL Server authenticates the client by comparing the client-supplied user name and password to the list of valid
user names and passwords maintained within SQL Server. In this case, the Windows CE-based application must supply the appropriate SQL Server login
and password when connecting to SQL Server using replication or remote data access. The SQL Server CE Client Agent conveys the login and password to
the SQL Server CE Server Agent. The SQL Server CE Server Agent invokes SQL Server using the login and password specified by the client.

SQL Server Authorization

When a client is successfully authenticated, the user or group name of the client is mapped to a SQL Server user account.

The client must have a user account in each database that it wants to access. The user account is used to control access to the tables, views, stored
procedures, and so on, in that database. The activities that a client can perform are controlled by the permissions applied to the user account through
which the client gained access to the database.

For RDA only: You can precisely control the database operations that RDA clients can perform by the permissions you grant them.

For replication only: When you create a publication, SQL Server creates a publication access list (PAL) for the publication. You must update the PAL to
grant access to the publication. For more information, see Configuring the Publication Access List.

When you create a publication, the location of the snapshot folder is specified. The snapshot folder is used when a subscription is initially created or
reinitialized. If the computer running SQL Server is located on a NTFS system, the appropriate NTFS permissions must be specified. For more information,
see Configuring the Snapshot Folder.

When you create a publication, you can use the Check Permissions option to provide an enhanced level of security to the publication. The Check
Permissions option ensures that the Merge Agent has the authority to upload data changes to a Publisher. When you specify this option, SQL Server
verifies that the Merge Agent login has the permissions to perform INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements on the publication database. For more

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SQL Server Security (SQL Server CE Books Online)

information, see Configuring the Check Permissions Option.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

SQL Server Security

This topic describes how Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server
CE) works with:

Up One Level ● SQL Server Authentication

SQL Server Authorization
IIS Security
●

SQL Server Security

SQL Server Authentication

SQL Server supports two forms of authentication:

● Windows Authentication
● SQL Server Authentication

Windows Authentication

When Windows authentication is used to connect to SQL Server, Microsoft Windows is

entirely responsible for authenticating the client. In this case, the client is identified by its
Windows user account. In the case of SQL Server CE replication or remote data access
(RDA), the SQL Server CE Server Agent acts as the database client, running under the
identity of a Windows user account:

● When IIS is configured to use Anonymous access, the SQL Server CE Server Agent runs under the identity of the
Internet Guest Account, by default IUSR_computername. If you configure another Windows user account as the
IIS anonymous user account, the SQL Server CE Server Agent runs under the identity of that account.
● When IIS is configured to use Basic authentication, the SQL Server CE Server Agent runs under the identity of the
Windows user account for which the client supplied the Internet user name and password.
● When IIS is configured to use Integrated Windows authentication, the SQL Server CE Server Agent runs under the
identity of the client.

SQL Server Authentication

When SQL Server authentication is used, SQL Server authenticates the client by comparing
the client-supplied user name and password to the list of valid user names and passwords
maintained within SQL Server. In this case, the Windows CE-based application must supply
the appropriate SQL Server login and password when connecting to SQL Server using
replication or remote data access. The SQL Server CE Client Agent conveys the login and
password to the SQL Server CE Server Agent. The SQL Server CE Server Agent invokes SQL
Server using the login and password specified by the client.

SQL Server Authorization

When a client is successfully authenticated, the user or group name of the client is mapped
to a SQL Server user account.

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The client must have a user account in each database that it wants to access. The user
account is used to control access to the tables, views, stored procedures, and so on, in that
database. The activities that a client can perform are controlled by the permissions applied
to the user account through which the client gained access to the database.

For RDA only: You can precisely control the database operations that RDA clients can
perform by the permissions you grant them.

For replication only: When you create a publication, SQL Server creates a publication
access list (PAL) for the publication. You must update the PAL to grant access to the
publication. For more information, see Configuring the Publication Access List.

When you create a publication, the location of the snapshot folder is specified. The snapshot
folder is used when a subscription is initially created or reinitialized. If the computer running
SQL Server is located on a NTFS system, the appropriate NTFS permissions must be
specified. For more information, see Configuring the Snapshot Folder.

When you create a publication, you can use the Check Permissions option to provide an
enhanced level of security to the publication. The Check Permissions option ensures that
the Merge Agent has the authority to upload data changes to a Publisher. When you specify
this option, SQL Server verifies that the Merge Agent login has the permissions to perform
INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements on the publication database. For more
information, see Configuring the Check Permissions Option.

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Configuring Connectivity Support in IIS

Before you can access a database in Microsoft® SQL Server™ by using replication or remote
data access (RDA) through HTTP, you must set up a virtual directory and configure the
appropriate NTFS permissions. Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL
Server CE) provides the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility to create and
Up One Level manage virtual directories and NTFS permissions.

Using Connectivity Tools

The following topics in this section describe using the SQL Server CE Connectivity
Advanced Security Configurations Management utility for connectivity support and setting advanced configuration options:

● Using Connectivity Tools

● Advanced Security Configurations

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Using Connectivity Tools

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) provides the SQL
Server CE Connectivity Management utility to configure Microsoft Internet Information
Services (IIS) and setup appropriate NTFS permissions. The SQL Server CE Connectivity
Management utility contains the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard for
Up One Level creating new virtual directories and a management console for managing existing virtual
directories. The SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility is a standard Microsoft
Creating a New Virtual Directory Management Console (MMC) snap-in.

Modifying an Existing Virtual Directory

The SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility and the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory
Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings Creation Wizard are installed automatically either by selecting the Server Tools option
during SQL Server CE setup or by running the Server Tools self-extracting executable on
the computer running IIS. For more information about installing Server Tools, see Installing
SQL Server CE on an IIS System.

Note At the end of the SQL Server CE setup process, you can
choose to launch the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation
Wizard immediately.

To start the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility on the computer

running IIS

● On the Start menu, point to Programs, Microsoft SQL Server CE, and then click Configure Connectivity
Support in IIS.

● Right-click the My Computer icon, and then click Manage. In the Computer Management window, expand
Services and Applications, and then click Microsoft SQL Server CE.

To start the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard

If you are configuring connectivity for the first time and did not run the SQL Server CE
Virtual Directory Creation Wizard at the end of setup, you can start the wizard from the SQL
Server CE Connectivity Management utility.

● In the right pane of the utility, double-click Create a Virtual Directory. For more information, see Creating a New
Virtual Directory.

Important IIS must be installed and running to start the SQL

Server CE Connectivity Management utility or the SQL Server CE
Virtual Directory Creation Wizard.

For information about using the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility to manage
existing virtual directories, see Modifying an Existing Virtual Directory.

See Also

Planning for Security

Managing Connectivity

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Creating a New Virtual

Directory
Up One Level
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) relies on Microsoft
Virtual Directory Alias and Content Folder Internet Information Services (IIS) virtual directories to access data from a database in
Microsoft SQL Server. To create a virtual directory, SQL Server CE provides the SQL Server
Virtual Directory Authentication CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard, which contains the following pages to guide you
through the process:
NTFS Permissions: User
NTFS Permissions: Computer Running SQL Server ● Virtual Directory Alias and Content Folder

NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder ●

●
Virtual Directory Authentication
NTFS Permissions: User
● NTFS Permissions: Computer Running SQL Server
● NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder

See Also

Planning for Security

Managing Connectivity

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Virtual Directory Alias and Content Folder

This page of the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard allows you to create an alias and content folder for the virtual directory.

Virtual Directory Alias

For quick reference, you can create an alias for the virtual directory. It is recommended that you use the same naming conventions that you use for a
folder.

The name of the server running Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS), the virtual directory, and the SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll)
must be specified as part of the InternetURL property for connectivity. For example, the following URL accesses a SQL Server CE Server Agent for
replication or remote data access (RDA): http://www.northwindtraders.com/sqlce/sscesa20.dll.

Virtual Directory Content Folder

A content folder is required for a virtual directory. By default, the wizard points to the location in which the SQL Server CE Server Agent is installed. You
can specify an alternate location on disk for better disk space management, although a copy of the SQL Server CE Server Agent must be located in that
location. If you do specify an alternate location, the wizard can copy and register the SQL Server CE Server Agent to the new location. All temporary files
for data transfer to and from the instance of Microsoft SQL Server™ will reside in this location.

After the wizard successfully completes, HTTP Execute permissions on the content folder will be added.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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Virtual Directory Alias and

Content Folder
Up One Level
This page of the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard allows you to create an
Virtual Directory Alias and Content Folder alias and content folder for the virtual directory.

Virtual Directory Authentication

NTFS Permissions: User Virtual Directory Alias
NTFS Permissions: Computer Running SQL Server
NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder For quick reference, you can create an alias for the virtual directory. It is recommended that
you use the same naming conventions that you use for a folder.

The name of the server running Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS), the virtual
directory, and the SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll) must be specified as part of
the InternetURL property for connectivity. For example, the following URL accesses a SQL
Server CE Server Agent for replication or remote data access (RDA):
http://www.northwindtraders.com/sqlce/sscesa20.dll.

Virtual Directory Content Folder

A content folder is required for a virtual directory. By default, the wizard points to the
location in which the SQL Server CE Server Agent is installed. You can specify an alternate
location on disk for better disk space management, although a copy of the SQL Server CE
Server Agent must be located in that location. If you do specify an alternate location, the
wizard can copy and register the SQL Server CE Server Agent to the new location. All
temporary files for data transfer to and from the instance of Microsoft SQL Server™ will
reside in this location.

After the wizard successfully completes, HTTP Execute permissions on the content folder will
be added.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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Virtual Directory Authentication

After you specify the virtual directory alias, create the virtual directory content folder and set the appropriate HTTP permissions. You must set access
rights (authentication) to that folder. The SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard provides three authentication options:

● Anonymous access
● Basic authentication
● Integrated Windows authentication

For more information about these options, see IIS Security.

Additional Authentication Guidelines

● If you specify Anonymous access and the instances of Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) and Microsoft SQL Server™ are located on different computers, you must configure the IIS anonymous
user account as a domain user account. The default anonymous user computername\IUSR_computername cannot be used because it is a local account for a computer.

Note When Anonymous access is selected, the anonymous user (by default computername\IUSR_computername) is
automatically provided the appropriate NTFS permission rights to the computer running IIS. Read and Write access
permissions are set on the content folder and Read & Execute access permission is set on the SQL Server CE Server
Agent (Sscesa20.dll).

● If you specify Basic authentication, you should also use IIS to specify Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption to avoid transmitting the password of the user across the network in unencrypted form.

Important To safeguard the user password, SSL encryption should always be used whenever Basic authentication is
used. For more information, see Configuring SSL Encryption.

● If you specify Integrated Windows authentication, you cannot operate over a proxy server or firewall. As a result, Integrated Windows authentication can be used for intranet applications but is seldom, if
ever, used for Internet applications.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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Virtual Directory
Authentication
Up One Level
After you specify the virtual directory alias, create the virtual directory content folder and
Virtual Directory Alias and Content Folder set the appropriate HTTP permissions. You must set access rights (authentication) to that
folder. The SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard provides three authentication
Virtual Directory Authentication options:

NTFS Permissions: User

NTFS Permissions: Computer Running SQL Server ●

●
Anonymous access
Basic authentication
Integrated Windows authentication
NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder
●

For more information about these options, see IIS Security.

Additional Authentication Guidelines

● If you specify Anonymous access and the instances of Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) and Microsoft
SQL Server™ are located on different computers, you must configure the IIS anonymous user account as a domain
user account. The default anonymous user computername\IUSR_computername cannot be used because it is a
local account for a computer.

Note When Anonymous access is selected, the

anonymous user (by default
computername\IUSR_computername) is automatically
provided the appropriate NTFS permission rights to the
computer running IIS. Read and Write access permissions
are set on the content folder and Read & Execute access
permission is set on the SQL Server CE Server Agent
(Sscesa20.dll).

● If you specify Basic authentication, you should also use IIS to specify Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption to
avoid transmitting the password of the user across the network in unencrypted form.

Important To safeguard the user password, SSL

encryption should always be used whenever Basic
authentication is used. For more information, see
Configuring SSL Encryption.

● If you specify Integrated Windows authentication, you cannot operate over a proxy server or firewall. As a result,
Integrated Windows authentication can be used for intranet applications but is seldom, if ever, used for Internet
applications.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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NTFS Permissions: User

After Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) authenticates the client, IIS checks whether the client is authorized to begin replication or remote
data access (RDA). You control which clients can invoke replication or RDA by setting NTFS permissions on the SQL Server CE Server Agent and content
folder. Proper configuration of permissions is crucial to prevent unauthorized access to Microsoft SQL Server™ by using replication or RDA.

You must add NTFS permissions if either or both of the following states exist:

● The computer running IIS uses NTFS.

● The SQL Server CE-based application uses replication; and the snapshot folder, usually located on the computer running SQL Server, exists on an NTFS drive partition.

When you create a new virtual directory, the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard helps you configure NTFS permissions. In addition, to edit
an existing directory, you can use the NTFS Permissions tab of the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility to add or modify NTFS permissions.

Note When using the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard, after you specify the user, the appropriate NTFS
permissions are set automatically for the computer running IIS.

Additional Permissions Guidelines

● When Basic or Integrated Windows authentication is selected, you must specify the name of the user that requires NTFS permissions.
● When Anonymous access is selected, the Internet Guest Account (by default computername\IUSR_computername) is used automatically.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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NTFS Permissions: User

After Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) authenticates the client, IIS checks
whether the client is authorized to begin replication or remote data access (RDA). You
Up One Level control which clients can invoke replication or RDA by setting NTFS permissions on the SQL
Server CE Server Agent and content folder. Proper configuration of permissions is crucial to
Virtual Directory Alias and Content Folder prevent unauthorized access to Microsoft SQL Server™ by using replication or RDA.

Virtual Directory Authentication

NTFS Permissions: User You must add NTFS permissions if either or both of the following states exist:

NTFS Permissions: Computer Running SQL Server

NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder ●

●
The computer running IIS uses NTFS.
The SQL Server CE-based application uses replication; and the snapshot folder, usually located on the computer
running SQL Server, exists on an NTFS drive partition.

When you create a new virtual directory, the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation
Wizard helps you configure NTFS permissions. In addition, to edit an existing directory, you
can use the NTFS Permissions tab of the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility
to add or modify NTFS permissions.

Note When using the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation

Wizard, after you specify the user, the appropriate NTFS permissions
are set automatically for the computer running IIS.

Additional Permissions Guidelines

● When Basic or Integrated Windows authentication is selected, you must specify the name of the user that requires
NTFS permissions.
● When Anonymous access is selected, the Internet Guest Account (by default
computername\IUSR_computername) is used automatically.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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NTFS Permissions: Computer Running SQL Server

If your application uses replication, you must set NTFS Read permission on the actual snapshot folder and the share. Most commonly, the snapshot folder
is located on the computer running Microsoft® SQL Server™.

Select the check box on this screen of the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard or the NTFS Permissions Wizard, if either of these states exists:

● A snapshot share has already been created and specified during the configuration of the SQL Server Distributor.
● The snapshot share has been created and will be specified when the SQL Server Distributor is configured.

Note A folder or share cannot be created using the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility or the SQL Server
CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard.

The configuration step to give the appropriate user Read permission to the snapshot folder and share can be completed at a later time by using the NTFS
Permissions Wizard. To start the NTFS Permissions Wizard, on the NTFS Permissions tab of the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility, click
Add/Modify NTFS Permissions for User, or use Microsoft Windows® Explorer.

For more information about snapshot folders, see Configuring the Snapshot Folder.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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NTFS Permissions: Computer

Running SQL Server
Up One Level
If your application uses replication, you must set NTFS Read permission on the actual
Virtual Directory Alias and Content Folder snapshot folder and the share. Most commonly, the snapshot folder is located on the
computer running Microsoft® SQL Server™.
Virtual Directory Authentication
NTFS Permissions: User Select the check box on this screen of the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard
NTFS Permissions: Computer Running SQL Server or the NTFS Permissions Wizard, if either of these states exists:

NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder

Note A folder or share cannot be created using the SQL

Server CE Connectivity Management utility or the SQL
Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard.

The configuration step to give the appropriate user Read permission to the snapshot folder
and share can be completed at a later time by using the NTFS Permissions Wizard. To start
the NTFS Permissions Wizard, on the NTFS Permissions tab of the SQL Server CE
Connectivity Management utility, click Add/Modify NTFS Permissions for User, or use
Microsoft Windows® Explorer.

For more information about snapshot folders, see Configuring the Snapshot Folder.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder

The snapshot share must be specified as a Universal Naming Convention (UNC) path. Depending on the Virtual Directory Authentication that has been
selected, the appropriate Microsoft® Windows® user account requires Read permission on the snapshot share and underlined folder. For more
information, see NTFS Permissions: User. The SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard and the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility
can configure only one user at a time. If you want to configure multiple users at the same time, use Windows Explorer.

Note When using the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard, after you specify the snapshot folder share and click
Finish, the appropriate NTFS permission are automatically set for the snapshot folder.

For more information about snapshot folders, see Configuring the Snapshot Folder.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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NTFS Permissions: Snapshot

Folder
Up One Level
The snapshot share must be specified as a Universal Naming Convention (UNC) path.
Virtual Directory Alias and Content Folder Depending on the Virtual Directory Authentication that has been selected, the appropriate
Microsoft® Windows® user account requires Read permission on the snapshot share and
Virtual Directory Authentication underlined folder. For more information, see NTFS Permissions: User. The SQL Server CE
Virtual Directory Creation Wizard and the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility
NTFS Permissions: User can configure only one user at a time. If you want to configure multiple users at the same
time, use Windows Explorer.
NTFS Permissions: Computer Running SQL Server
NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder
Note When using the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation
Wizard, after you specify the snapshot folder share and click Finish,
the appropriate NTFS permission are automatically set for the
snapshot folder.

For more information about snapshot folders, see Configuring the Snapshot Folder.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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Modifying an Existing Virtual

Directory
Up One Level
You can use the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility to modify an existing
Virtual Directory Content Folder (HTTP Content Folder Tab) virtual directory. To modify an existing configuration, select the appropriate virtual directory
from the list in the left pane of the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility, and
Virtual Directory Authentication (HTTP Authentication Tab) then modify the settings shown in the right pane by using the following tabs:

NTFS Permissions (NTFS Permissions Tab)

● Virtual Directory Content Folder (HTTP Content Folder Tab)
● Virtual Directory Authentication (HTTP Authentication Tab)
● NTFS Permissions (NTFS Permissions Tab)

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

Advanced Security Configurations

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Virtual Directory Content Folder (HTTP Content

Folder Tab)
Use this tab of the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility to modify the content folder associated with an existing virtual directory and/or to alter
the HTTP permissions to the folder. Enter the full path to the content folder associated with the virtual directory (for example, C:\Program Files\Microsoft
SQL Server CE 2.0\Server) or click Browse to find the folder on the local computer. Specify the HTTP permissions to the folder. Execute permission is
required by SQL Server CE. It is not advised to add Write permission to this location.

If the content folder is changed, you must run the NTFS Permissions Wizard to set NTFS permissions on the new location. To start the NTFS Permission
Wizard, on the NTFS Permissions tab of the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility, click Add/Modify NTFS Permissions for User.

For more information, see Virtual Directory Alias and Content Folder.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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Virtual Directory Content

Folder (HTTP Content Folder
Up One Level Tab)
Virtual Directory Content Folder (HTTP Content Folder Tab)
Virtual Directory Authentication (HTTP Authentication Tab) Use this tab of the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility to modify the content
folder associated with an existing virtual directory and/or to alter the HTTP permissions to
NTFS Permissions (NTFS Permissions Tab) the folder. Enter the full path to the content folder associated with the virtual directory (for
example, C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server CE 2.0\Server) or click Browse to find the
folder on the local computer. Specify the HTTP permissions to the folder. Execute
permission is required by SQL Server CE. It is not advised to add Write permission to this
location.

If the content folder is changed, you must run the NTFS Permissions Wizard to set NTFS
permissions on the new location. To start the NTFS Permission Wizard, on the NTFS
Permissions tab of the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility, click Add/Modify
NTFS Permissions for User.

For more information, see Virtual Directory Alias and Content Folder.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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Virtual Directory Authentication (HTTP

Authentication Tab)
Use this tab of the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility to modify HTTP authentication of an existing virtual directory. If the HTTP
authentication is changed, you must run the NTFS Permissions Wizard to set NTFS permissions for the new user. To start the NTFS Permissions Wizard, on
the NTFS Permissions tab of the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility, click Add/Modify NTFS Permissions for User.

The SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility provides three authentication options:

● Anonymous access
● Basic authentication
● Integrated Windows authentication

Important By default, Basic authentication passes the user name and password across the network. To safeguard the user
password, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption should always be used whenever Basic authentication is used. For more
information, see Configuring SSL Encryption.

For more information about these options, see Virtual Directory Authentication and IIS Security.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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Virtual Directory
Authentication (HTTP
Up One Level Authentication Tab)
Virtual Directory Content Folder (HTTP Content Folder Tab)
Virtual Directory Authentication (HTTP Authentication Tab) Use this tab of the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility to modify HTTP
authentication of an existing virtual directory. If the HTTP authentication is changed, you
NTFS Permissions (NTFS Permissions Tab) must run the NTFS Permissions Wizard to set NTFS permissions for the new user. To start
the NTFS Permissions Wizard, on the NTFS Permissions tab of the SQL Server CE
Connectivity Management utility, click Add/Modify NTFS Permissions for User.

The SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility provides three authentication options:

● Anonymous access
● Basic authentication
● Integrated Windows authentication

Important By default, Basic authentication passes the user name

and password across the network. To safeguard the user password,
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption should always be used
whenever Basic authentication is used. For more information, see
Configuring SSL Encryption.

For more information about these options, see Virtual Directory Authentication and IIS
Security.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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NTFS Permissions (NTFS

Permissions Tab)
Up One Level
Use this tab of the SQL Server CE Connectivity Management utility to start the NTFS
NTFS Permissions: Computer Running IIS Permissions Wizard. Use the NTFS Permissions Wizard to modify NTFS Permissions on the
computer running Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) or the computer running
NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder Access Microsoft SQL Server™. The NTFS Permissions Wizards contains the following pages:

● NTFS Permissions: User

This page in the NTFS Permissions Wizard is functionally identical to the NTFS Permissions: User page in the SQL
Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard.

● NTFS Permissions: Computer Running IIS

● NTFS Permissions: Computer Running SQL Server

This page in the NTFS Permissions Wizard is functionally identical to the NTFS Permissions: Computer Running SQL
Server page in the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard.

● NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder

This page in the NTFS Permissions Wizard is functionally identical to the NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder page
SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard.

● NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder Access

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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NTFS Permissions: Computer Running IIS (SQL Server CE Books Online)

MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL Server > SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft
SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 > Configuring Security for Connectivity > Configuring Connectivity Support in IIS > Using Connectivity Tools > Modifying
an Existing Virtual Directory > NTFS Permissions (NTFS Permissions Tab)

SQL Server CE Books Online

NTFS Permissions: Computer Running IIS

After SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll) is invoked, it attempts to create, read, write, and delete input and output replication or remote data
access (RDA) message files. These message files are placed on the computer running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) in the content folder
that you specified when you configured the IIS virtual directory. This is the same folder that contains SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll). You
control access to the folder and the SQL Server CE Server Agent by assigning NTFS permissions to that directory and file.

Read and Write access permissions are required on the content folder (also known as the temporary file location for the input and output message files),
and Read & Execute access permission is required on the SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll).

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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NTFS Permissions: Computer

Running IIS
Up One Level
After SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll) is invoked, it attempts to create, read,
NTFS Permissions: Computer Running IIS write, and delete input and output replication or remote data access (RDA) message files.
These message files are placed on the computer running Microsoft Internet Information
NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder Access Services (IIS) in the content folder that you specified when you configured the IIS virtual
directory. This is the same folder that contains SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll).
You control access to the folder and the SQL Server CE Server Agent by assigning NTFS
permissions to that directory and file.

Read and Write access permissions are required on the content folder (also known as the
temporary file location for the input and output message files), and Read & Execute access
permission is required on the SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll).

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder Access (SQL Server CE Books Online)

MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL Server > SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft
SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 > Configuring Security for Connectivity > Configuring Connectivity Support in IIS > Using Connectivity Tools > Modifying
an Existing Virtual Directory > NTFS Permissions (NTFS Permissions Tab)

SQL Server CE Books Online

NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder Access

Depending on the Virtual Directory Authentication that is selected, the appropriate Microsoft® Windows® user account requires Read permission on the
snapshot share specified and the underlying snapshot folder. For more information, see NTFS Permissions: User

For more information about snapshot folders, see Configuring the Snapshot Folder.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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NTFS Permissions: Snapshot

Folder Access
Up One Level
Depending on the Virtual Directory Authentication that is selected, the appropriate
NTFS Permissions: Computer Running IIS Microsoft® Windows® user account requires Read permission on the snapshot share
specified and the underlying snapshot folder. For more information, see NTFS Permissions:
NTFS Permissions: Snapshot Folder Access User

For more information about snapshot folders, see Configuring the Snapshot Folder.

See Also

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings

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Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default

Settings
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) relies on Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) virtual directories to access
data from a database in Microsoft SQL Server.

Virtual Directory Recommendations

It is recommended that you create a virtual directory for each application that requires data access, whether you are implementing replication or remote
data access (RDA). Using the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard, you can create individual virtual directories for each Windows CE-based
application.

● IIS authentication and authorization is controlled at the virtual directory level. By creating a virtual directory for each SQL Server CE publication or for different groups of RDA clients, you can establish the
exact authentication and authorization policy you require for each publication or each set of clients.
● The SQL Server CE Server Agent allocates a separate worker-thread pool for each IIS virtual directory. These worker threads are used when database synchronization or RDA operations are performed. By
configuring an IIS virtual directory for each publication or different groups of RDA clients, you increase the number of worker threads and, therefore, the number of replication operations or clients that can
be active concurrently.

It is also recommended that you create one NTFS or FAT content folder for each IIS virtual directory. This content folder contains the SQL Server CE
Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll) and the temporary input and output message files that SQL Server CE creates during synchronization and RDA operations.

Important It is strongly recommended that you use NTFS, rather than FAT, because NTFS provides much stronger security. When
you use NTFS, you can use NTFS file permissions to control precisely the clients that can access SQL Server CE replication or RDA.

Virtual Directory Default Settings Using Connectivity Tools

The SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard configures a number of default settings to ensure minimum SQL Server CE requirements. In addition,
to the default settings described in the configuration topics, the following are also set on the virtual directory:

● The application protection mode is set to Medium (Pooled).

● Script Source Access option is not supported and, therefore, is not enabled.

If you want to change any of the default settings set by the wizard, see Modifying an Existing Virtual Directory. If you require more advanced configuration
options, see Advanced Security Configurations and the IIS documentation.

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Virtual Directory
Recommendations and Default
Up One Level Settings
Creating a New Virtual Directory
Modifying an Existing Virtual Directory Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) relies on Microsoft
Internet Information Services (IIS) virtual directories to access data from a database in
Virtual Directory Recommendations and Default Settings Microsoft SQL Server.

Virtual Directory Recommendations

It is recommended that you create a virtual directory for each application that requires data
access, whether you are implementing replication or remote data access (RDA). Using the
SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard, you can create individual virtual
directories for each Windows CE-based application.

● IIS authentication and authorization is controlled at the virtual directory level. By creating a virtual directory for
each SQL Server CE publication or for different groups of RDA clients, you can establish the exact authentication
and authorization policy you require for each publication or each set of clients.
● The SQL Server CE Server Agent allocates a separate worker-thread pool for each IIS virtual directory. These
worker threads are used when database synchronization or RDA operations are performed. By configuring an IIS
virtual directory for each publication or different groups of RDA clients, you increase the number of worker threads
and, therefore, the number of replication operations or clients that can be active concurrently.

It is also recommended that you create one NTFS or FAT content folder for each IIS virtual
directory. This content folder contains the SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll) and
the temporary input and output message files that SQL Server CE creates during
synchronization and RDA operations.

Important It is strongly recommended that you use NTFS, rather

than FAT, because NTFS provides much stronger security. When you
use NTFS, you can use NTFS file permissions to control precisely the
clients that can access SQL Server CE replication or RDA.

Virtual Directory Default Settings Using Connectivity

Tools

The SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard configures a number of default settings
to ensure minimum SQL Server CE requirements. In addition, to the default settings
described in the configuration topics, the following are also set on the virtual directory:

● The application protection mode is set to Medium (Pooled).

● Script Source Access option is not supported and, therefore, is not enabled.

If you want to change any of the default settings set by the wizard, see Modifying an
Existing Virtual Directory. If you require more advanced configuration options, see
Advanced Security Configurations and the IIS documentation.

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Advanced Security Configurations

The following topics provide information about manually configuring connectivity support
and additional security configuration options that are not configured using the SQL Server
CE Connectivity Management utility or the SQL Server CE Virtual Directory Creation Wizard.
These options are not required by Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
Up One Level (SQL Server CE) but may be required for your specific work environment.

Configuring IIS and NTFS Permissions Manually

Configuring IIS and NTFS Permissions Manually
Configuring SSL Encryption
●

● Configuring SSL Encryption

Configuring IP Address and Domain Name Restrictions
Configuring IP Address and Domain Name Restrictions
●

● Configuring IIS Security Auditing

Configuring IIS Security Auditing

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Configuring IIS and NTFS Permissions Manually (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Configuring IIS and NTFS Permissions Manually

The connectivity support and security options for Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) that are set by using the SQL Server CE Virtual
Directory Creation Wizard can be configured manually. The following is a brief summary of the minimum configuration sets that are required to use replication or remote data
access (RDA).

Configuring Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) for either replication or RDA involves the following steps:

1. Create a virtual directory using IIS:

a. Specify an alias name for the virtual directory.
b. Specify the location for the content folder for the virtual directory. A copy of the SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll) must reside in this directory. By default, the SQL Server CE Server Agent is installed in C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server CE 2.0\Server.

Note The name of the computer running IIS, the virtual directory, and the SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll) must be specified as part of the InternetURL property for
connectivity. For example, the following URL accesses SQL Server CE Server Agent for replication or RDA: http://www.northwindtraders.com/sqlce/sscesa20.dll.

2. Specify the Execute access permission for the virtual directory.

For more information, see Virtual Directory Alias and Content Folder.

● Configure IIS authentication using IIS. Edit the properties of the virtual directory created in Step 1. SQL Server CE supports provides three authentication options:

● Anonymous access
● Basic authentication
● Integrated Windows authentication

For more information, see Virtual Directory Authentication.

● Configure IIS authorization using Windows Explorer.

Note If the computer running IIS has a FAT file system, you can skip this step. SQL Server CE replication or RDA works with a FAT file system, but it is
not secure. It is recommended that you use NTFS.

a. Configure directory authorization by navigating to the content folder you specified when you configured the IIS virtual directory, and then add the following NTFS permission on the folder.

User Required permissions

For Anonymous access, grant rights to the computername\IUSR_computername or the configured IIS anonymous user account. Read and Write

For Basic or Integrated Windows authentication, grant rights to the user or group of the client. Read and Write

b. Configure SQL Server CE Server Agent authorization by navigating to the content folder you specified when you configured the IIS virtual directory, and then add the following NTFS permission on Sscesa20.dll.

User Required permissions

For Anonymous access, grant rights to the computername\IUSR_computername or the configured IIS anonymous user account Read & Execute

For Basic or Integrated Windows authentication, grant rights to the user or group of the client Read & Execute

c. Configure the SQL Server snapshot folder if you are using replication. For more information, see Configuring the Snapshot Folder.

See Also

Planning for Security

Using Connectivity Tools

Configuring the Snapshot Folder

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Configuring IIS and NTFS Permissions Manually

Up One Level Configuring Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) for either replication or RDA involves the following steps:

Configuring IIS and NTFS Permissions Manually

Configuring SSL Encryption 1. Create a virtual directory using IIS:
a. Specify an alias name for the virtual directory.
b. Specify the location for the content folder for the virtual directory. A copy of the SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll) must reside in this directory. By default, the SQL Server CE Server Agent is installed in C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server CE 2.0\Server.

Configuring IP Address and Domain Name Restrictions

Configuring IIS Security Auditing Note The name of the computer running IIS, the virtual directory, and the SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll) must be specified as part of the InternetURL property for
connectivity. For example, the following URL accesses SQL Server CE Server Agent for replication or RDA: http://www.northwindtraders.com/sqlce/sscesa20.dll.

2. Specify the Execute access permission for the virtual directory.

For more information, see Virtual Directory Alias and Content Folder.

● Configure IIS authentication using IIS. Edit the properties of the virtual directory created in Step 1. SQL Server CE supports provides three authentication options:

● Anonymous access
● Basic authentication
● Integrated Windows authentication

For more information, see Virtual Directory Authentication.

● Configure IIS authorization using Windows Explorer.

a. Configure directory authorization by navigating to the content folder you specified when you configured the IIS virtual directory, and then add the following NTFS permission on the folder.

User Required permissions

For Anonymous access, grant rights to the computername\IUSR_computername or the configured IIS anonymous user account. Read and Write

For Basic or Integrated Windows authentication, grant rights to the user or group of the client. Read and Write

User Required permissions

For Anonymous access, grant rights to the computername\IUSR_computername or the configured IIS anonymous user account Read & Execute

For Basic or Integrated Windows authentication, grant rights to the user or group of the client Read & Execute

c. Configure the SQL Server snapshot folder if you are using replication. For more information, see Configuring the Snapshot Folder.

See Also

Planning for Security

Using Connectivity Tools

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Configuring the Snapshot Folder

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Configuring SSL Encryption

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is the most widely used method for transmitting
encrypted data over the Internet. SSL uses public key cryptography to securely
generate and exchange a secret key called the session key. The Microsoft®
Up One Level Windows® CE-based client and Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) use the
session key to encrypt and decrypt the data they send to one another.
Updating the Database of Trusted Certificate Authorities on a Windows CE-based Device
Replication and remote data access (RDA) do not require encryption; however, there
are circumstances when you should use it. For more information, see Planning for
Security.

Windows CE maintains a database of trusted Certificate Authorities (CA). When a

secure connection is attempted, Windows CE extracts the root certificate from the
certification chain and checks it against the Certificate Authority database. If you
issue an IIS server certificate using your own stand-alone CA, this root certificate is
not present in the Windows CE Certificate Authority database. As a result, Windows
CE does not trust this IIS server certificate. If you want to use server certificates
that you issue yourself, you must either certify your stand-alone CA through one of
the trusted certificate authorities or add your stand-alone CA root certificate to the
Windows CE Certificate Authority database.

The SSL features in IIS cannot be used until you obtain and assign a server
certificate to the computer running IIS.

SSL Configuration Process

Configuring SSL encryption is a multistep process that involves:

1. Requesting a server certificate for the computer running IIS. If the IIS server already has a server
certificate, you can skip to Step 4.
2. Obtaining a server certificate from a certificate authority. For more information about obtaining server
certificates, see Windows online Help.
3. Installing the newly issued server certificate into IIS.
4. Enabling SSL encryption.
5. Updating the database of trusted Certificate Authority on each of the Windows CE-based devices so they
recognize the server certificate as authentic.

For more information about the trusted Certificate Authorities maintained by

Windows CE, see the Microsoft Knowledge Base article "List and Add Schannel Root
Certificates (Q290288)" at this Microsoft Web site.

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Updating the Database of Trusted Certificate Authorities on a Windows CE-based Device (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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Configuring SSL Encryption

SQL Server CE Books Online

Updating the Database of Trusted Certificate

Authorities on a Windows CE-based Device
After saving the root certificate of the stand-alone certificate authority to the *.cer file, you must install the root certificate in the Windows CE Certificate
Authority database on the Microsoft® Windows® CE-based device.

To install the root certificate on the Windows CE-based device

1. From the SQL Server CE installation directory (by default: Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server CE 2.0\Device\processor family\processor type), copy the root certificate utility program (Rootcert.exe) that
matches the processor type of the Window CE-based device to the \Windows directory on the device.
2. Copy your root certificate to the root directory of the Windows CE-based device.
3. From File Explorer, run Rootcert.exe.

Rootcert.exe does the following:

1. Opens and reads the root certificate file contained in the root directory of the Windows CE-based device.
2. Creates the registry key HKLM\Comm\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\CAs if this key does not already exist in the registry on the Windows CE-based device.
3. Creates the registry key HKLM\Comm\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\CAs\filename, where filename is the name of the root certificate file.
4. Creates the following registry values under the HKLM\Comm\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\CAs\filename key:
● DWORD:Enabled = 1
● DWORD:Type = 1
● BINARY:CACert = X509 certificate bytes obtained from the .CER file.
5. Displays the message: "Root certificate installed successfully."

After you update the Windows CE registry, start the application that is using SQL Server CE replication or remote data access (RDA). Windows CE uses the
root certificate the next time Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is invoked.

If you want to use server certificates that you issue yourself, the following limitations apply when requesting a server certificate:

● Naming limitations

This limitation exists because Windows CE 3.0 cannot accept server certificates containing Unicode character strings. For more information, see the Microsoft Knowledge Base article "How Special
Characters in the Name Field Effect Certificates (Q216947)" at this Microsoft Web site.

● Windows CE-based devices running Windows CE 3.0 do not recognize IIS server certificates signed by using either the MD4 or RSA/SHA1 signature algorithms.

Windows CE-based devices reject such certificates with the error: "ERROR_INTERNET_SECURITY_CHANNEL_ERROR". To be acceptable to a Windows CE-based device, an IIS server certificate must be
signed using either the MD2 or MD5 signature algorithm.

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Updating the Database of

Trusted Certificate
Authorities on a Windows CE-
Up One Level
Updating the Database of Trusted Certificate Authorities on a Windows CE-based Device
based Device
After saving the root certificate of the stand-alone certificate authority to the *.cer
file, you must install the root certificate in the Windows CE Certificate Authority
database on the Microsoft® Windows® CE-based device.

To install the root certificate on the Windows CE-based device

1. From the SQL Server CE installation directory (by default: Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server CE
2.0\Device\processor family\processor type), copy the root certificate utility program (Rootcert.exe) that
matches the processor type of the Window CE-based device to the \Windows directory on the device.
2. Copy your root certificate to the root directory of the Windows CE-based device.
3. From File Explorer, run Rootcert.exe.

Rootcert.exe does the following:

1. Opens and reads the root certificate file contained in the root directory of the Windows CE-based device.
2. Creates the registry key HKLM\Comm\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\CAs if this key does not
already exist in the registry on the Windows CE-based device.
3. Creates the registry key HKLM\Comm\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\CAs\filename, where
filename is the name of the root certificate file.
4. Creates the following registry values under the
HKLM\Comm\SecurityProviders\SCHANNEL\CAs\filename key:
● DWORD:Enabled = 1
● DWORD:Type = 1
● BINARY:CACert = X509 certificate bytes obtained from the .CER file.
5. Displays the message: "Root certificate installed successfully."

After you update the Windows CE registry, start the application that is using SQL
Server CE replication or remote data access (RDA). Windows CE uses the root
certificate the next time Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is invoked.

If you want to use server certificates that you issue yourself, the following limitations
apply when requesting a server certificate:

● Naming limitations

This limitation exists because Windows CE 3.0 cannot accept server certificates containing Unicode
character strings. For more information, see the Microsoft Knowledge Base article "How Special
Characters in the Name Field Effect Certificates (Q216947)" at this Microsoft Web site.

● Windows CE-based devices running Windows CE 3.0 do not recognize IIS server certificates signed by
using either the MD4 or RSA/SHA1 signature algorithms.

Windows CE-based devices reject such certificates with the error:

"ERROR_INTERNET_SECURITY_CHANNEL_ERROR". To be acceptable to a Windows CE-based device, an
IIS server certificate must be signed using either the MD2 or MD5 signature algorithm.

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Configuring IP Address and Domain Name Restrictions (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Configuring IP Address and Domain Name

Restrictions
You can use Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) IP address and domain name restrictions to grant or deny specific computers, groups of
computers, or domains access to the IIS Web site. For example, if your intranet server is connected to the Internet, you can prevent Internet users from
accessing your IIS Web server by granting access only to members of your intranet and explicitly denying access to outside users. For more information,
see the IIS documentation.

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Configuring IP Address and

Domain Name Restrictions
Up One Level
You can use Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) IP address and domain name
Configuring IIS and NTFS Permissions Manually restrictions to grant or deny specific computers, groups of computers, or domains access to
the IIS Web site. For example, if your intranet server is connected to the Internet, you can
Configuring SSL Encryption prevent Internet users from accessing your IIS Web server by granting access only to
members of your intranet and explicitly denying access to outside users. For more
Configuring IP Address and Domain Name Restrictions information, see the IIS documentation.

Configuring IIS Security Auditing

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Configuring IIS Security Auditing (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Configuring IIS Security Auditing

You can monitor the security of replication and remote data access (RDA) in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) by
using the security auditing mechanisms built into Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS). Auditing consists of creating
auditing polices regarding access to your IIS Web server and NTFS directories and files, and monitoring the security logs to detect any access attempts by
unauthorized persons. For more information, see the IIS documentation.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Configuring IIS Security

Auditing
Up One Level
You can monitor the security of replication and remote data access (RDA) in Microsoft® SQL
Configuring IIS and NTFS Permissions Manually Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) by using the security auditing
mechanisms built into Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS).
Configuring SSL Encryption Auditing consists of creating auditing polices regarding access to your IIS Web server and
NTFS directories and files, and monitoring the security logs to detect any access attempts
Configuring IP Address and Domain Name Restrictions by unauthorized persons. For more information, see the IIS documentation.

Configuring IIS Security Auditing

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Using SQL Server CE Relay

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) extends enterprise
data to the Windows CE-based mobile device. By using merge replication or remote data
access (RDA), you can share data with users in the field even when there is no integrated
network capability or when a network card cannot be used. SQL Server CE Relay allows
Up One Level communication to operate bidirectionally between a mobile device and the server by using
the network connection on a desktop computer.
How SQL Server CE Relay Works
Planning for SQL Server CE Relay Important SQL Server CE Relay is not required for Microsoft
Windows Powered Pocket PC 2002-based devices that are connected
Installing and Configuring SQL Server CE Relay to desktop computers running Microsoft ActiveSync® 3.5. The
ActiveSync 3.5 connection setting Allow network (Ethernet) and
Running SQL Server CE Relay Remote Access Service (RAS) server connections with this
desktop computer is set by default and supports Secure Sockets
Layer (SSL) encryption and Integrated Windows authentication
connections.

The benefits of using SQL Server CE Relay include:

● Lower computing costs.

If the Windows CE-based devices contain modem cards, you might have to pay for their dial-in connections to their
servers. Being able to synchronize data in SQL Server CE while the Windows CE-based device is cradled and
connected to the server can save on overall computing costs.

● Connection capability in unfavorable wireless situations.

If wireless coverage in an office is limited because of concrete walls in the building or some other interference, you
can use any configured desktop to synchronize database data with SQL Server.

● Connection capability when wireless network cards are not permitted because of radio transmission restrictions.

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How SQL Server CE Relay Works (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

How SQL Server CE Relay Works

SQL Server CE Relay allows the USB, serial, or infrared (IR) connections through desktop computers to serve as a conduit for synchronization to an
instance of Microsoft® SQL Server™ by using Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS). The following illustration shows how a Pocket PC 2000-based
device connects to a server computer through a Microsoft ActiveSync® desktop connection.

When the client code on the Microsoft Windows® CE-based device sets the InternetProxyServer property of the SQL Server CE ActiveX® control to
ppp_peer:nn (where nn is a specified listening client port number on a desktop computer), ActiveSync recognizes the ppp_peer command, and the
requests sent to the desktop computer appear on this designated client port. Relay is listening on the same client port; it accepts the request from the
mobile device and sends the request to a port on a preconfigured server (either an IIS server or a proxy server). This process works identically but in
reverse when the responding synchronization data comes back from the computer that is running SQL Server.

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CE Relay
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SQL Server CE Books Online

How SQL Server CE Relay Works

SQL Server CE Relay allows the USB, serial, or infrared (IR) connections through desktop computers to serve as a conduit
for synchronization to an instance of Microsoft® SQL Server™ by using Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS). The
following illustration shows how a Pocket PC 2000-based device connects to a server computer through a Microsoft
ActiveSync® desktop connection.
Up One Level
How SQL Server CE Relay Works
Planning for SQL Server CE Relay
Installing and Configuring SQL Server CE Relay
Running SQL Server CE Relay

When the client code on the Microsoft Windows® CE-based device sets the InternetProxyServer property of the SQL
Server CE ActiveX® control to ppp_peer:nn (where nn is a specified listening client port number on a desktop computer),
ActiveSync recognizes the ppp_peer command, and the requests sent to the desktop computer appear on this designated
client port. Relay is listening on the same client port; it accepts the request from the mobile device and sends the request to
a port on a preconfigured server (either an IIS server or a proxy server). This process works identically but in reverse when
the responding synchronization data comes back from the computer that is running SQL Server.

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Planning for SQL Server CE Relay (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Planning for SQL Server CE Relay

When you are planning to implement SQL Server CE Relay, consider the following background information:

● Relay works on desktop computers that are running Microsoft® Windows® 98 SE, Microsoft Windows ME, Microsoft Windows NT® 4.0 with Service Pack 6 or later, Microsoft Windows 2000, and Microsoft
Windows XP.
● Relay uses the peer point-to-point protocol (ppp_peer), a tunneling protocol that encapsulates Point-to-Point Protocol frames into IP datagrams for transmission over an IP-based network, in Microsoft
operating systems. This means that the desktop computer functions as a proxy that can connect the mobile device to any server to which the desktop computer is connected. SQL Server CE Relay is not a
true proxy server because it cannot encrypt data, but you still have firewall support if firewall support exists at the desktop computer.
● SQL Server CE Relay requires Microsoft ActiveSync® 3.1 or later installed on the desktop computer. ActiveSync enables the ability to use the serial, infrared (IR), or USB connection (that is, the ppp_peer
command can be interpreted as part of the serial, IR, or USB connection) between the mobile device that is running Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE) and the desktop
computer. The partnership can be a guest connection.
● Relay does not support Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption or Integrated Windows authentication. If you require SSL encryption, you must upgrade to Pocket PC 2002 and ActiveSync 3.5.

Before you install SQL Server CE Relay on the desktop computer, be sure that the following are installed or configured on this computer:

● SQL Server CE Server Tools is installed.

● The SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured correctly on the computer running IIS.
● SQL Server is configured correctly for either remote data access (RDA) or merge replication connectivity.

Note It is assumed that you are familiar with at least one of the two types of connectivity that is supported by SQL
Server CE (merge replication or remote data access).

● Security is set up correctly for connectivity to SQL Server.

Note For more information about configuring IIS and SQL Server for connectivity, see Planning for Security.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Planning for SQL Server CE Relay

When you are planning to implement SQL Server CE Relay, consider the following
background information:

Up One Level ● Relay works on desktop computers that are running Microsoft® Windows® 98 SE, Microsoft Windows ME, Microsoft
Windows NT® 4.0 with Service Pack 6 or later, Microsoft Windows 2000, and Microsoft Windows XP.

How SQL Server CE Relay Works ● Relay uses the peer point-to-point protocol (ppp_peer), a tunneling protocol that encapsulates Point-to-Point
Protocol frames into IP datagrams for transmission over an IP-based network, in Microsoft operating systems. This
means that the desktop computer functions as a proxy that can connect the mobile device to any server to which
Planning for SQL Server CE Relay the desktop computer is connected. SQL Server CE Relay is not a true proxy server because it cannot encrypt data,
but you still have firewall support if firewall support exists at the desktop computer.
SQL Server CE Relay requires Microsoft ActiveSync® 3.1 or later installed on the desktop computer. ActiveSync
Installing and Configuring SQL Server CE Relay
●

enables the ability to use the serial, infrared (IR), or USB connection (that is, the ppp_peer command can be
interpreted as part of the serial, IR, or USB connection) between the mobile device that is running Microsoft SQL
Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE) and the desktop computer. The partnership can be a guest
Running SQL Server CE Relay ●
connection.
Relay does not support Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption or Integrated Windows authentication. If you
require SSL encryption, you must upgrade to Pocket PC 2002 and ActiveSync 3.5.

Before you install SQL Server CE Relay on the desktop computer, be sure that the following
are installed or configured on this computer:

● SQL Server CE Server Tools is installed.

● The SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured correctly on the computer running IIS.
● SQL Server is configured correctly for either remote data access (RDA) or merge replication connectivity.

Note It is assumed that you are familiar with at least

one of the two types of connectivity that is supported by
SQL Server CE (merge replication or remote data
access).

● Security is set up correctly for connectivity to SQL Server.

Note For more information about configuring IIS and

SQL Server for connectivity, see Planning for Security.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Installing and Configuring SQL Server CE Relay

For information about installing SQL Server CE Relay, see Using SQL Server CE Relay with
an ActiveSync System. The following topics in this section describe the configuration options
and requirements:

Up One Level
Configuring the Desktop Computer to Use SQL Server CE Relay ●

●
Configuring the Desktop Computer to Use SQL Server CE Relay
Configuring the Mobile Device to Use SQL Server CE Relay

Configuring the Mobile Device to Use SQL Server CE Relay ● SQL Server CE Relay Configuration Options

SQL Server CE Relay Configuration Options

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Configuring the Desktop Computer to Use SQL Server CE Relay (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Configuring the Desktop Computer to Use SQL

Server CE Relay
To configure the desktop computer to use SQL Server CE Relay, you must specify the following:

● Client port number

● Name of the destination server
● Server port number

The client port and server port configurations are very important for Relay to function correctly.

Client Port Number

The client port number is the port on which the desktop computer listens for requests from the Microsoft® Windows® CE-based device. Specify this port
number as the value for the /clientport option.

Name of Destination Server

The server name is the key to identifying where you want information from the desktop to be relayed. If you are using a proxy server, the value of
/servername is the name of the proxy server computer. If you are not using a proxy server, the value of /servername is the name of the computer
running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) that you are using to synchronize with Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server
CE). The name of the computer running IIS must be the same as the name that is specified in the InternetURL property on the mobile device.

It is possible to specify one server name in SQL Server CE Relay and a different server name through the SQL Server CE ActiveX® control, although this is
not a recommended procedure. For the synchronization to succeed, the virtual directory names and security access must be the same on both servers. If
both servers are valid IIS servers, Relay sends the data to the server that is specified in its parameters. Synchronization can fail if the virtual directory or
a server agent does not exist, or if either is not correctly configured. The synchronization succeeds if both servers are set up identically and each has
access to the computer running SQL Server.

Server Port Number

Specify the port number for the server that is identified by the /servername option. This is the port number for the computer on which the Internet
application is configured. For example, if a virtual directory for SQL Server CE Server Agent has been created in the Default Web Site in IIS, the default
server port is 80. Specify the server port number as the value for the /serverport option.

The following list shows services and their associated ports:

● HTTP over TCP/IP

Web servers, such as IIS: port 80

● HTTPS over TCP/IP

HTTP over SSL for encrypting Web traffic: port 443

● FTP over TCP/IP: FTP

Port 21, port 20, and ports 1024-65535

● SMTP over TCP/IP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), which is used by applications such as Microsoft Exchange Server: port 25.

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Configuring the Desktop Computer to Use SQL Server CE Relay (SQL Server CE Books Online)

Most other ports are available; check the services running on your system before you assign port numbers.

See Also

SQL Server CE Relay Configuration Options

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Advanced Search Server CE Relay

SQL Server CE Books Online

Configuring the Desktop

Computer to Use SQL Server CE
Up One Level Relay
Configuring the Desktop Computer to Use SQL Server CE Relay
Configuring the Mobile Device to Use SQL Server CE Relay To configure the desktop computer to use SQL Server CE Relay, you must specify the
following:
SQL Server CE Relay Configuration Options
● Client port number
● Name of the destination server
● Server port number

The client port and server port configurations are very important for Relay to function
correctly.

Client Port Number

The client port number is the port on which the desktop computer listens for requests from
the Microsoft® Windows® CE-based device. Specify this port number as the value for the
/clientport option.

Name of Destination Server

The server name is the key to identifying where you want information from the desktop to
be relayed. If you are using a proxy server, the value of /servername is the name of the
proxy server computer. If you are not using a proxy server, the value of /servername is
the name of the computer running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) that you
are using to synchronize with Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server
CE). The name of the computer running IIS must be the same as the name that is specified
in the InternetURL property on the mobile device.

It is possible to specify one server name in SQL Server CE Relay and a different server
name through the SQL Server CE ActiveX® control, although this is not a recommended
procedure. For the synchronization to succeed, the virtual directory names and security
access must be the same on both servers. If both servers are valid IIS servers, Relay sends
the data to the server that is specified in its parameters. Synchronization can fail if the
virtual directory or a server agent does not exist, or if either is not correctly configured. The
synchronization succeeds if both servers are set up identically and each has access to the
computer running SQL Server.

Server Port Number

Specify the port number for the server that is identified by the /servername option. This is
the port number for the computer on which the Internet application is configured. For
example, if a virtual directory for SQL Server CE Server Agent has been created in the
Default Web Site in IIS, the default server port is 80. Specify the server port number as the
value for the /serverport option.

The following list shows services and their associated ports:

● HTTP over TCP/IP

Web servers, such as IIS: port 80

● HTTPS over TCP/IP

HTTP over SSL for encrypting Web traffic: port 443

● FTP over TCP/IP: FTP

Port 21, port 20, and ports 1024-65535

● SMTP over TCP/IP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), which is used by applications such as Microsoft Exchange Server: port 25.

Most other ports are available; check the services running on your system before you assign
port numbers.

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See Also

SQL Server CE Relay Configuration Options

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Configuring the Mobile Device to Use SQL Server CE Relay (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Configuring the Mobile Device to Use SQL Server CE

Relay
To start the process of relaying the information from the Microsoft® Windows® CE-based device through the desktop to Microsoft Internet Information
Services (IIS) on the Internet or an intranet, you must set the InternetProxyServer property in the Microsoft ActiveX® control in the Microsoft SQL
Server™ 2000 Windows CE-based application. Set this property to ppp_peer:nn, where nn is the client port number on the desktop computer. This
number must be the same as the client port number that has been specified by /clientport on the desktop computer.

See Also

SQL Server CE Relay Configuration Options

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Advanced Search Server CE Relay

SQL Server CE Books Online

Configuring the Mobile Device

to Use SQL Server CE Relay
Up One Level
To start the process of relaying the information from the Microsoft® Windows® CE-based
Configuring the Desktop Computer to Use SQL Server CE Relay device through the desktop to Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) on the Internet
or an intranet, you must set the InternetProxyServer property in the Microsoft ActiveX®
Configuring the Mobile Device to Use SQL Server CE Relay control in the Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE-based application. Set this property
to ppp_peer:nn, where nn is the client port number on the desktop computer. This number
SQL Server CE Relay Configuration Options must be the same as the client port number that has been specified by /clientport on the
desktop computer.

See Also

SQL Server CE Relay Configuration Options

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SQL Server CE Relay Configuration Options (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

SQL Server CE Relay Configuration Options

The following table lists and describes the options that determine how SQL Server CE Relay functions. These options and their associated values must be space
delimited; however, the options can be specified in any order.

Option Description
/clientport* The port on the desktop computer to and from which the client (the Microsoft® Windows® CE-based device) reads and writes.

/servername* The name of either the computer that is running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) or the proxy server to which Relay connects through the desktop computer. Using a proxy server
allows the client more flexibility because the client can go to any server that the proxy server can reach.

If an IIS server is used, this value must be the same as the value that is specified in the InternetURL property in the Windows CE-based application.

The IP address of the respective server computer can also be used for specifying the server name. UNC paths are not accepted for specifying the server name, however.

For example, the following fails during synchronization:

/servername "\\myIISserver"

The following succeeds during synchronization:

/servername myIISserver

/serverport* The port to and from which the server reads and writes. This is usually port 80.

/register Registers Relay with Microsoft ActiveSync® connect and disconnect features.

/unregister Unregisters Relay with ActiveSync connect and disconnect features.

/noui Runs Relay without the icons appearing in the Windows taskbar.

/? Calls Help at the command prompt, which lists SQL Server CE Relay parameters.

/stop Halts all instances of Relay that are running, whether they were started manually or automatically.

*This option must be specified with a value to run Relay.

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SQL Server CE Relay Configuration Options

Up One Level Option Description

Configuring the Desktop Computer to Use SQL Server CE Relay /clientport* The port on the desktop computer to and from which the client (the Microsoft® Windows® CE-based device) reads and writes.

/servername* The name of either the computer that is running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) or the proxy server to which Relay connects through the desktop computer. Using a proxy server
Configuring the Mobile Device to Use SQL Server CE Relay allows the client more flexibility because the client can go to any server that the proxy server can reach.

SQL Server CE Relay Configuration Options If an IIS server is used, this value must be the same as the value that is specified in the InternetURL property in the Windows CE-based application.

The IP address of the respective server computer can also be used for specifying the server name. UNC paths are not accepted for specifying the server name, however.

For example, the following fails during synchronization:

/servername "\\myIISserver"

The following succeeds during synchronization:

/servername myIISserver

/serverport* The port to and from which the server reads and writes. This is usually port 80.

/register Registers Relay with Microsoft ActiveSync® connect and disconnect features.

/unregister Unregisters Relay with ActiveSync connect and disconnect features.

/noui Runs Relay without the icons appearing in the Windows taskbar.

/? Calls Help at the command prompt, which lists SQL Server CE Relay parameters.

/stop Halts all instances of Relay that are running, whether they were started manually or automatically.

*This option must be specified with a value to run Relay.

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Running SQL Server CE Relay

SQL Server CE Relay appears as an icon on the Microsoft® Windows® status bar whenever Relay is running. One icon appears for each instance of Relay. Different
icons appear according to the function Relay is performing.

Icon Description
Up One Level
Registering SQL Server CE Relay with ActiveSync to Run Automatically
Running a Single Instance of SQL Server CE Relay Manually Information is traveling from the device that is running Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE) to the desktop computer.

Running Multiple Instances of SQL Server CE Relay Manually

Information is traveling from the desktop computer to the device that is running SQL Server CE.

Information is traveling both ways between the desktop computer and the device that is running SQL Server CE.

Although SQL Server CE Relay is running, no information is traveling between the desktop computer and the device that is running SQL Server CE.

SQL Server CE Relay can be run in either of the following configurations:

● Automatic
● Manual

In manual configuration, you can elect to run a single instance or multiple instances of Relay.

If SQL Server CE Relay is not configured correctly, an error is written to the errors text file (Sscerelay.log) on the desktop computer. This file is in the same folder
from which Sscerelay.exe is run.

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Registering SQL Server CE Relay with ActiveSync to Run Automatically (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Registering SQL Server CE Relay with ActiveSync to

Run Automatically
The preferred configuration for running SQL Server CE Relay is to register Relay with Microsoft® ActiveSync®. By registering Relay with ActiveSync, Relay
automatically starts and stops whenever the connection between the device running Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE)
and ActiveSync is active. The client application can then synchronize data as necessary.

To register Relay with ActiveSync, configure Relay with the /register option. You only have to do this once, as long as the configuration parameters for
the options /clientport, /servername, and /serverport do not change.

When you specify the /register option, two registry keys are created automatically within Windows CE Services:

● One registry key is created under HKEY_LOCALMACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows CE Services\AutoStartOnConnect, with the string value name MicrosoftSSCERELAYAutoConnect.
This key is set with string value data that is based on the parameters you specified when you configured Relay.
● A second registry key is created under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows CE Services\AutoStartOnDisconnect, with the string value name
MicrosoftSSCERELAYAutoDisconnect. This key is set when you specify the /Stop option.

Important Only one instance of SQL Server CE Relay can be registered with ActiveSync. When a second instance is
registered, it replaces the first instance in the registry.

When an ActiveSync connection is made, it starts Relay with the parameters that were specified when Relay was configured.

Important When the ActiveSync connection is broken, all instances of Relay stop.

For example, if the name of the computer running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) or the name of the proxy server is CorpServer, the
options to run Relay are entered at the command prompt as:

sscerelay /clientport 81 /servername CorpServer /serverport 80 /register

In the preceding example:

● The mobile device posts requests to and listens for responses on port 81 of the desktop computer.
● The desktop computer listens for requests from the client on port 81 and forwards them to port 80 of the server that is specified by the /servername option. The desktop computer then listens for
responses from the server on port 81 and posts them to the client on port 81.
● If the computer that is specified in the /servername option is an IIS server, its name must match the server name that is supplied in the InternetURL property of the Microsoft ActiveX® control on the
mobile device. SQL Server CE Server Tools must be installed on the computer and the SQL Server CE Server Agent configured on it. If the computer that is specified in the /servername option is a proxy
server, it does not require SQL Server CE Server Tools or the SQL Server CE Server Agent because it forwards requests to an appropriately configured computer running IIS (the one that is specified in the
InternetURL property on the mobile device).
● The /register option registers Relay to run every time an ActiveSync connection is made.

Note The InternetProxyServer property must be set to ppp_peer:81 in the SQL Server CE ActiveX control on the
Microsoft Windows CE-based device.

Use the /unregister option at the command prompt to unregister Relay from ActiveSync, as shown here:

sscerelay /unregister

This removes the registry keys from Windows CE Services.

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Registering SQL Server CE Relay with ActiveSync to Run Automatically (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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Advanced Search

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Registering SQL Server CE

Relay with ActiveSync to Run
Automatically
Up One Level
Registering SQL Server CE Relay with ActiveSync to Run Automatically The preferred configuration for running SQL Server CE Relay is to register Relay with
Microsoft® ActiveSync®. By registering Relay with ActiveSync, Relay automatically starts
Running a Single Instance of SQL Server CE Relay Manually and stops whenever the connection between the device running Microsoft SQL Server™
2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) and ActiveSync is active. The client application
Running Multiple Instances of SQL Server CE Relay Manually can then synchronize data as necessary.

To register Relay with ActiveSync, configure Relay with the /register option. You only have
to do this once, as long as the configuration parameters for the options /clientport,
/servername, and /serverport do not change.

When you specify the /register option, two registry keys are created automatically within
Windows CE Services:

● One registry key is created under HKEY_LOCALMACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows CE

Services\AutoStartOnConnect, with the string value name MicrosoftSSCERELAYAutoConnect. This key is set
with string value data that is based on the parameters you specified when you configured Relay.
● A second registry key is created under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows CE
Services\AutoStartOnDisconnect, with the string value name MicrosoftSSCERELAYAutoDisconnect. This key
is set when you specify the /Stop option.

Important Only one instance of SQL Server CE Relay

can be registered with ActiveSync. When a second
instance is registered, it replaces the first instance in the
registry.

When an ActiveSync connection is made, it starts Relay with the parameters that were
specified when Relay was configured.

Important When the ActiveSync connection is broken, all instances

of Relay stop.

For example, if the name of the computer running Microsoft Internet Information Services
(IIS) or the name of the proxy server is CorpServer, the options to run Relay are entered
at the command prompt as:

sscerelay /clientport 81 /servername CorpServer /serverport 80 /register

In the preceding example:

● The mobile device posts requests to and listens for responses on port 81 of the desktop computer.
● The desktop computer listens for requests from the client on port 81 and forwards them to port 80 of the server
that is specified by the /servername option. The desktop computer then listens for responses from the server on
port 81 and posts them to the client on port 81.
● If the computer that is specified in the /servername option is an IIS server, its name must match the server
name that is supplied in the InternetURL property of the Microsoft ActiveX® control on the mobile device. SQL
Server CE Server Tools must be installed on the computer and the SQL Server CE Server Agent configured on it. If
the computer that is specified in the /servername option is a proxy server, it does not require SQL Server CE
Server Tools or the SQL Server CE Server Agent because it forwards requests to an appropriately configured
computer running IIS (the one that is specified in the InternetURL property on the mobile device).
● The /register option registers Relay to run every time an ActiveSync connection is made.

Note The InternetProxyServer property must be set

to ppp_peer:81 in the SQL Server CE ActiveX control on
the Microsoft Windows CE-based device.

Use the /unregister option at the command prompt to unregister Relay from ActiveSync,
as shown here:

sscerelay /unregister

This removes the registry keys from Windows CE Services.

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Running a Single Instance of SQL Server CE Relay Manually (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Running a Single Instance of SQL Server CE Relay

Manually
If SQL Server CE Relay is to be used infrequently, you can run the program from the command prompt each time it is needed, as long as the mobile
device is connected to the desktop computer using Microsoft® ActiveSync®. When Relay is run from the command prompt without specifying the
/register option, it starts immediately. For example, if the name of the computer running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) or the name of
the proxy server is CorpServer, the options to run Relay manually are entered at the command prompt as:

sscerelay /clientport 81 /servername CorpServer /serverport 80

When Relay is run manually, it also must be stopped manually. Use the /stop option at the command prompt to halt Relay, as shown here:

sscerelay /stop

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Running a Single Instance of

SQL Server CE Relay Manually
Up One Level If SQL Server CE Relay is to be used infrequently, you can run the program from the
command prompt each time it is needed, as long as the mobile device is connected to the
Registering SQL Server CE Relay with ActiveSync to Run Automatically desktop computer using Microsoft® ActiveSync®. When Relay is run from the command
prompt without specifying the /register option, it starts immediately. For example, if the
Running a Single Instance of SQL Server CE Relay Manually name of the computer running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) or the name of
the proxy server is CorpServer, the options to run Relay manually are entered at the
Running Multiple Instances of SQL Server CE Relay Manually command prompt as:

sscerelay /clientport 81 /servername CorpServer /serverport 80

When Relay is run manually, it also must be stopped manually. Use the /stop option at the
command prompt to halt Relay, as shown here:

sscerelay /stop

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Running Multiple Instances of SQL Server CE Relay Manually (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Running Multiple Instances of SQL Server CE Relay

Manually
When you run multiple instances of SQL Server CE Relay simultaneously, different client ports must be used. Because only one instance of Relay can be
registered with Microsoft® ActiveSync®, you must configure Relay manually to run multiple instances. For example, you might have to run multiple
instances of Relay if multiple server destinations are required. When two groups of applications are connecting to the same desktop computer for
synchronization, one application might need to connect to ServerA, which is a computer running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) on the
intranet and, therefore, does not require a proxy server. The other application, on the other hand, might need to connect to ServerB, which is a computer
running IIS on the Internet and, therefore, does require a proxy server. In this scenario, one client port number maps to ServerA and the other client
port number maps to ServerB, which requires configuring two instances of Relay.

Note For computers running Microsoft Windows® 98 SE, the number of instances of Relay is limited to 20.

Using the /stop option at the command prompt halts all instances of Relay that are running.

Note Although you can configure multiple instances of SQL Server Relay on one computer, you can synchronize only one Microsoft
Windows CE-based device at a time.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Running Multiple Instances of

SQL Server CE Relay Manually
Up One Level When you run multiple instances of SQL Server CE Relay simultaneously, different client
ports must be used. Because only one instance of Relay can be registered with Microsoft®
Registering SQL Server CE Relay with ActiveSync to Run Automatically ActiveSync®, you must configure Relay manually to run multiple instances. For example,
you might have to run multiple instances of Relay if multiple server destinations are
Running a Single Instance of SQL Server CE Relay Manually required. When two groups of applications are connecting to the same desktop computer for
synchronization, one application might need to connect to ServerA, which is a computer
Running Multiple Instances of SQL Server CE Relay Manually running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) on the intranet and, therefore, does
not require a proxy server. The other application, on the other hand, might need to connect
to ServerB, which is a computer running IIS on the Internet and, therefore, does require a
proxy server. In this scenario, one client port number maps to ServerA and the other client
port number maps to ServerB, which requires configuring two instances of Relay.

Note For computers running Microsoft Windows® 98 SE, the

number of instances of Relay is limited to 20.

Using the /stop option at the command prompt halts all instances of Relay that are
running.

Note Although you can configure multiple instances of SQL Server

Relay on one computer, you can synchronize only one Microsoft
Windows CE-based device at a time.

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Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) extends a subset of the database programming functionality of Microsoft SQL Server to
Microsoft Windows CE-based devices. You can create, access, and modify SQL Server databases programmatically in these devices using the SQL Server CE
database engine.

The following topics in this section describe the administrative and programmatic tasks involved when you work with SQL Server CE databases.
Up One Level
Understanding SQL Server CE Database Objects
Title Description
Designing and Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases
Understanding SQL Server CE Database Objects Describes the size limitations of SQL Server CE database objects.
Accessing SQL Server CE Databases Designing and Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases Describes the ways to create, secure, and maintain databases in SQL Server CE.

Using SQL Server CE Query Analyzer Accessing SQL Server CE Databases Describes how to query and modify databases in SQL Server CE.

Using SQL Server CE Query Analyzer Describes the user interface of SQL Server CE Query Analyzer and how you can use the interface to perform database tasks.

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Understanding SQL Server CE Database Objects (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Understanding SQL Server CE Database Objects

The following table specifies the maximum sizes and numbers for several database objects defined in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL
Server CE) databases. Use these specifications, while applying the same concepts about database design and programming that you use in SQL Server, when you
work with SQL Server CE databases.

Category Object Maximum size limitations

Storage Column name 128 characters

Columns in a table 255

Database password 40 characters

Database size 2.14 gigabytes (GB)

Database size increase 1-page to 16-page increments, depending on table size

Identifier length 128

Page size 4 kilobytes (KB)

Sessions 1

Size of BLOB (ntext and image) column 1.07 GB

Table name 128 characters

Table size 2.14 GB

Queries Characters in an SQL statement Unlimited

Columns in a cursor 255

Columns in a query Unlimited

Columns in an ORDER BY clause 255

Levels of nested subqueries Unlimited

Named parameters Not supported

Operands in a query Unlimited

Tables in a join Unlimited

Indexes BLOB columns Cannot be indexed

Note For every PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN

KEY, and UNIQUE constraint defined on a
table, an index is created on those columns.
Additionally, for every FOREIGN KEY
constraint, the engine creates internally an
index on the referenced table. These indexes
all count against the total number of indexes
allowed for a table.

Bytes in an index key 510

Columns in an index 10

Indexes per table 249

Constraints PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, and FOREIGN KEY Supported

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Understanding SQL Server CE Database Objects

Up One Level Category Object Maximum size limitations

Storage Column name 128 characters
Understanding SQL Server CE Database Objects Columns in a table 255

Designing and Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases Database password 40 characters

Accessing SQL Server CE Databases

Database size 2.14 gigabytes (GB)

Database size increase 1-page to 16-page increments, depending on table size

Using SQL Server CE Query Analyzer Identifier length 128

Page size 4 kilobytes (KB)

Sessions 1

Size of BLOB (ntext and image) column 1.07 GB

Table name 128 characters

Table size 2.14 GB

Queries Characters in an SQL statement Unlimited

Columns in a cursor 255

Columns in a query Unlimited

Columns in an ORDER BY clause 255

Levels of nested subqueries Unlimited

Named parameters Not supported

Operands in a query Unlimited

Tables in a join Unlimited

Indexes BLOB columns Cannot be indexed

Note For every PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN

Bytes in an index key 510

Columns in an index 10

Indexes per table 249

Constraints PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, and FOREIGN KEY Supported

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Designing and Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases

The following topics in this section describe the administrative-related tasks relating to
databases in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE):

Up One Level ● Creating a Database

Using SQL Server CE Temporary Databases
Creating a Database
●

● Using the SQL Server CE Database Security Features

Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases
Using SQL Server CE Temporary Databases
●

Using the SQL Server CE Database Security Features

Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases

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Creating a Database

With Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), you
must be connected to an existing database before you can create a new database
using the SQL CREATE DATABASE syntax. For more information, see CREATE
DATABASE.
Up One Level
Creating a Database Through ADOXCE
You can create a new SQL Server CE database by using one of the following
Creating a Database Through OLE DB methods:

Creating a Database Through the AddSubscription Method in Replication

● Using SQL Server CE Query Analyzer
● Creating a Database Through ADOXCE
● Creating a Database Through OLE DB
● Creating a Database Through the AddSubscription Method in Replication

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Creating a Database Through ADOXCE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Creating a Database Through ADOXCE

Dim cat As ADOXCE.Catalog

Set cat = CreateObject("ADOXCE.Catalog.3.1")
cat.Create "Provider=Microsoft.SQLSERVER.OLEDB.CE.2.0; data source=\NorthWind.sdf"

All databases created without specifying a locale identifier (LCID) are assigned the default locale identifier, 1033 (0x00000409) for U.S. English. To create
a database with a locale identifier different from the default, specify the locale identifier. For example:

cat.Create "Provider=Microsoft.SQLSERVER.OLEDB.CE.2.0; data source=\test2.sdf;Locale Identifier=1041"

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Creating a Database Through ADOXCE

To create a database through Microsoft® ActiveX® Data Objects Extensions for Data Definition Language (DDL)
and Security (ADOXCE), use the Catalog object. The Catalog object exposes the Create method, which takes
an OLE DB connection string. For more information about ADOXCE, see the Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects
Extensions for Windows® CE 3.1 documentation at this Microsoft Web site.
Up One Level
Creating a Database Through ADOXCE Dim cat As ADOXCE.Catalog
Creating a Database Through OLE DB Set cat = CreateObject("ADOXCE.Catalog.3.1")
cat.Create "Provider=Microsoft.SQLSERVER.OLEDB.CE.2.0; data source=\NorthWind.sdf"
Creating a Database Through the AddSubscription Method in Replication
All databases created without specifying a locale identifier (LCID) are assigned the default locale identifier, 1033
(0x00000409) for U.S. English. To create a database with a locale identifier different from the default, specify
the locale identifier. For example:

cat.Create "Provider=Microsoft.SQLSERVER.OLEDB.CE.2.0; data source=\test2.sdf;Locale Identifier=1041"

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Creating a Database Through OLE DB (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Creating a Database Through OLE DB

The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE supports programmatically creating databases in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL
Server CE). For more information and an OLE DB programming example, see Creating Databases.

See Also

Programming OLE DB Applications for SQL Server CE

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MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System >
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SQL Server CE Databases > Creating a Database
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Creating a Database Through

OLE DB
Up One Level The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE supports programmatically creating
databases in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
Creating a Database Through ADOXCE For more information and an OLE DB programming example, see Creating Databases.

Creating a Database Through OLE DB

Creating a Database Through the AddSubscription Method in Replication
See Also

Programming OLE DB Applications for SQL Server CE

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Creating a Database Through the AddSubscription Method in Replication (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Creating a Database Through the AddSubscription

Method in Replication
The AddSubscription method of the Replication object creates a new anonymous subscription to an existing publication. The CREATE_DATABASE option
using Microsoft® eMbedded Visual Tools, or the CreateDatabase option using Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET, creates a new (empty) Microsoft SQL
Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) database on a Windows CE-based device. This method can be used to create SQL Server CE
databases whether or not you are using merge replication to synchronize data.

For more information, see AddSubscription Method.

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Creating a Database Through

the AddSubscription Method
in Replication
Up One Level
Creating a Database Through ADOXCE The AddSubscription method of the Replication object creates a new anonymous
subscription to an existing publication. The CREATE_DATABASE option using
Creating a Database Through OLE DB Microsoft® eMbedded Visual Tools, or the CreateDatabase option using Microsoft
Visual Studio® .NET, creates a new (empty) Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows®
Creating a Database Through the AddSubscription Method in Replication CE Edition (SQL Server CE) database on a Windows CE-based device. This method
can be used to create SQL Server CE databases whether or not you are using merge
replication to synchronize data.

For more information, see AddSubscription Method.

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Using SQL Server CE Temporary Databases

During execution, Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server
CE) creates a temporary database that it uses for storing temporary data such as:

Up One Level ● Pages that are part of an open transaction that no longer fits in the SQL Server CE cache buffer.
Interim result sets that are created during a query.

Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database in a Smart Device Application

●

● Interim sort tables that are created when executing an ORDER BY clause.

Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using ADOCE

The temporary database is created when the SQL Server CE database engine starts,
Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using the Replication and RDA Controls and it is removed when the database engine is shut down in a predictable manner.
Abnormal termination of a SQL Server CE application leaves temporary database
files that must be manually removed. Unless a new location for the temporary
database has been assigned, these files can be found in the \TEMP directory and
have file names that begin with SQLCE, for example, SQLCE334241234.tmp.

Growth of the Temporary Database

During execution, once its buffer cache is full, the SQL Server CE database engine
dynamically allocates resources to the temporary database. Large databases can
generate large amounts of temporary data during normal execution. When the
temporary database grows to the point that there is insufficient storage space on the
default storage device, the application fails.

The following operations cause growth in the temporary database, particularly when
they are wrapped in a single transaction:

● UPDATE and DELETE statements.

● Explicit transactions.
● Sort operations: Sorting is required when indexes are created and also when statements that include the
ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause are executed.

Location of the Temporary Database

To prevent large database files from growing beyond the storage limits of the device,
it is possible to store databases on a storage card rather than in internal RAM. Even
when user databases are moved to a storage card, the temporary database is always
created by default in the \TEMP directory of the device, which uses internal RAM.

For operations requiring a large temporary database, you can specify a location
different from the default \TEMP directory for the temporary database. The new
location for the temporary database is usually on a storage card.

Because the temporary database is created when the database engine starts, the
location of the temporary database must be specified prior to the engine being
started and cannot be changed when the engine is running. The location of the
temporary database can be changed when the database is compacted.

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Welcome to the MSDN Library
You can specify the location of the temporary database in the following ways:

● Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database in a Smart Device Application

● Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using ADOCE
● Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using the Replication and RDA Controls
● Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using OLE DB

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Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database in a Smart Device Application (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database

in a Smart Device Application
Using Microsoft® .NET Compact Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE, you can explicitly specify the location of the temporary database by adding
the temp file directory property to the SqlCeConnection.ConnectionString object that is passed to SqlCeConnection as follows:

"temp file directory = temp_database_location;"

Note Property values in the connection string can be specified in any order and must be separated by semicolons.

You can also specify the temporary database location in the destConnect connection string when calling the SqlCeEngine.Compact method.

Examples

The following Microsoft C# example shows how to pass the temporary database location in the connection string of the SqlCeConnection object.

SqlCeConnection conn = new SqlCeConnection();

conn.ConnectionString = "Persist Security Info=False; Data Source =
Northwind.sdf; temp file directory = temp_database_location;"

conn.Open();

The following Microsoft Visual Basic® example shows how to pass the temporary database location in the connection string of the SqlCeConnection
object.

Dim conn As New SqlCeConnection()

conn.ConnectionString = "Persist Security Info=False; Data Source = " + _
"Northwind.sdf; temp file directory = temp_database_location;"

conn.Open()

For more information, see the System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeConnection class in the .NET Compact Framework SDK in Microsoft Visual Studio®
.NET.

See Also

Using SQL Server CE Temporary Databases

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Specifying the Location of

the Temporary Database in a
Smart Device Application
Up One Level
Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database in a Smart Device Application Using Microsoft® .NET Compact Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE, you
can explicitly specify the location of the temporary database by adding the temp file
Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using ADOCE directory property to the SqlCeConnection.ConnectionString object that is
passed to SqlCeConnection as follows:
Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using the Replication and RDA Controls

"temp file directory = temp_database_location;"

Note Property values in the connection string can be

specified in any order and must be separated by semicolons.

You can also specify the temporary database location in the destConnect connection
string when calling the SqlCeEngine.Compact method.

Examples

The following Microsoft C# example shows how to pass the temporary database
location in the connection string of the SqlCeConnection object.

SqlCeConnection conn = new SqlCeConnection();

conn.ConnectionString = "Persist Security Info=False; Data Source =
Northwind.sdf; temp file directory = temp_database_location;"

conn.Open();

The following Microsoft Visual Basic® example shows how to pass the temporary
database location in the connection string of the SqlCeConnection object.

Dim conn As New SqlCeConnection()

conn.ConnectionString = "Persist Security Info=False; Data Source = " + _
"Northwind.sdf; temp file directory = temp_database_location;"

conn.Open()

For more information, see the System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeConnection class

in the .NET Compact Framework SDK in Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET.

See Also

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Using SQL Server CE Temporary Databases

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Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using ADOCE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database

Using ADOCE
Using Microsoft® ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows® CE (ADOCE), you can explicitly specify the location of the temporary database by adding the
following value to the connection string that is passed by the Connection.Open method:

"SSCE:Temp File Directory = temp_database_location"

Note Property values in ADOCE connection strings must be separated by semicolons, and the location of the temporary database
path inside the connection string is not important.

You can also specify the temporary database location in the connection string when calling the Engine.CompactDatabase method.

Examples

The following Microsoft Visual Basic® example shows how to pass the temporary database location in the connection string using ADOCE.

Dim cn As ADOCE.Connection
Set cn = CreateObject("ADOCE.Connection.3.1")
cn.ConnectionString = "Provider=Microsoft.SQLSERVER.OLEDB.CE.2.0; data "
+ " source=\Northwind.sdf; SSCE:Temp File Directory = temp_database_location"
cn.Open

See Also

CompactDatabase Method

Using SQL Server CE Temporary Databases

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Specifying the Location of the

Temporary Database Using
ADOCE
Up One Level
Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database in a Smart Device Application Using Microsoft® ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows® CE (ADOCE), you can explicitly
specify the location of the temporary database by adding the following value to the
Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using ADOCE connection string that is passed by the Connection.Open method:

Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using the Replication and RDA Controls
"SSCE:Temp File Directory = temp_database_location"

Note Property values in ADOCE connection strings must be

separated by semicolons, and the location of the temporary
database path inside the connection string is not important.

You can also specify the temporary database location in the connection string when
calling the Engine.CompactDatabase method.

Examples

The following Microsoft Visual Basic® example shows how to pass the temporary
database location in the connection string using ADOCE.

See Also

CompactDatabase Method

Using SQL Server CE Temporary Databases

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Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using the Replication and RDA Controls (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database

Using Replication and RDA Controls
You can explicitly specify the location of the temporary database by using both the Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE)
Replication and Remote Data Access (RDA) ActiveX® control objects by adding the following value at the end of the connection string:

"SSCE:Temp File Directory = temp_database_location"

Note Property values in the connection string must be separated by semicolons, and the location of the temporary database path
inside the connection string is not important.

For the Replication object, you must include the temporary database location for all methods that use a SubscriberConnectionString property. These methods
are:

● REPL_Object.Initialize
● REPL_Object.AddSubscription
● REPL_Object.Run
● REPL_Object.ReinitializeSubscription
● REPL_Object.DropSubscription

For the RDA object, you must include the temporary database location for all methods that use a LocalConnectionString property. These methods are:

● RDA_Object.Pull
● RDA_Object.Push

Examples

A. Using the SubscriberConnectionString property in the Replication object

The following Microsoft Visual Basic® example shows how to use the SubscriberConnectionString property in the SQL Server CE ActiveX Control Replication
object.

' Declare the Replication object.

Dim ceRepl As SSCE.Replication

' Create the Replication object.

Set ceRepl = CreateObject("SSCE.Replication.2.0")

' Set Internet properties.

ceRepl.InternetURL = "http://www.northwindtraders.com/sqlce/sscesa20.dll"
ceRepl.InternetLogin = "MyInternetLogin"
ceRepl.InternetPassword = "<MyInternetPassword>"

' Set Publisher properties.

ceRepl.Publisher = "SamplePublisher"
ceRepl.PublisherDatabase = "Nwind_SQLCEReplDemo"
ceRepl.Publication = "SQLCEReplDemo"
ceRepl.PublisherSecurityMode = DB_AUTHENTICATION
ceRepl.PublisherLogin = "MySqlPublisherLogin"
ceRepl.PublisherPassword = "<MySqlPublisherPassword>"

' Set Subscriber properties.

ceRepl.SubscriberConnectionString = "data source=\NorthwindRepl.sdf;SSCE:Temp File Directory =temp_database_location"
ceRepl.Subscriber = "SQLCE Sub #1"

' Create the new anonymous subscription.

ceRepl.AddSubscription CREATE_DATABASE

B. Using the LocalConnectionString property in the RDA object

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Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using the Replication and RDA Controls (SQL Server CE Books Online)

The following Visual Basic example shows how to use the LocalConnectionString property in the SQL Server CE RDA ActiveX control object.

' Declare the SQL Server CE RDA ActiveX control object.

Dim ceRDA As SSCE.RemoteDataAccess

' Create the RDA object.

Set ceRDA = CreateObject("SSCE.RemoteDataAccess.2.0")

' Set RDA properties.

ceRDA .InternetURL = "http://www.northwindtraders.com/sqlce/sscesa20.dll"
ceRDA .InternetLogin = "MyInternetLogin"
ceRDA .InternetPassword = "<MyInternetPassword>"
ceRDA .LocalConnectionString = "Data Source=\NorthwindRDA.sdf;SSCE:Temp File Directory =temp_database_location"

' Push the tracked SQL Server CE table changes back to the SQL Server table.
ceRDA .Push "Customers", "Provider=sqloledb;Data Source=SampleServer;Initial Catalog=Northwind;user id=SampleUser;password=<SamplePassword>"

See Also

CompactDatabase Method

Using SQL Server CE Temporary Databases

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Advanced Search
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Specifying the Location of the Temporary

Database Using Replication and RDA
Controls
Up One Level
You can explicitly specify the location of the temporary database by using both the Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000
Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database in a Smart Device Application Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) Replication and Remote Data Access (RDA) ActiveX® control objects by adding the
following value at the end of the connection string:
Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using ADOCE
Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using the Replication and RDA Controls
"SSCE:Temp File Directory = temp_database_location"

Note Property values in the connection string must be separated by semicolons, and the location of
the temporary database path inside the connection string is not important.

For the Replication object, you must include the temporary database location for all methods that use a
SubscriberConnectionString property. These methods are:

● REPL_Object.Initialize
● REPL_Object.AddSubscription
● REPL_Object.Run
● REPL_Object.ReinitializeSubscription
● REPL_Object.DropSubscription

For the RDA object, you must include the temporary database location for all methods that use a LocalConnectionString
property. These methods are:

● RDA_Object.Pull
● RDA_Object.Push

Examples

A. Using the SubscriberConnectionString property in the Replication object

The following Microsoft Visual Basic® example shows how to use the SubscriberConnectionString property in the SQL Server
CE ActiveX Control Replication object.

' Declare the Replication object.

Dim ceRepl As SSCE.Replication

' Create the Replication object.

Set ceRepl = CreateObject("SSCE.Replication.2.0")

' Set Internet properties.

ceRepl.InternetURL = "http://www.northwindtraders.com/sqlce/sscesa20.dll"
ceRepl.InternetLogin = "MyInternetLogin"
ceRepl.InternetPassword = "<MyInternetPassword>"

' Set Publisher properties.

' Set Subscriber properties.

ceRepl.SubscriberConnectionString = "data source=\NorthwindRepl.sdf;SSCE:Temp File Directory
=temp_database_location"

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ceRepl.Subscriber = "SQLCE Sub #1"

' Create the new anonymous subscription.

ceRepl.AddSubscription CREATE_DATABASE

B. Using the LocalConnectionString property in the RDA object

The following Visual Basic example shows how to use the LocalConnectionString property in the SQL Server CE RDA ActiveX
control object.

' Declare the SQL Server CE RDA ActiveX control object.

Dim ceRDA As SSCE.RemoteDataAccess

' Create the RDA object.

Set ceRDA = CreateObject("SSCE.RemoteDataAccess.2.0")

' Set RDA properties.

See Also

CompactDatabase Method

Using SQL Server CE Temporary Databases

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Using the SQL Server CE Database Security Features

The primary security systems for Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL
Server CE) are provided by the connectivity features of the product. For more information
about secure connectivity, see Planning for Security.

Up One Level
Password Protecting SQL Server CE Databases In addition to the connectivity security options, the SQL Server CE database engine provides
two additional features for securing local databases on a Windows CE-based device. These
Encrypting SQL Server CE Databases features are the ability to password protect databases and encrypt databases. For more
information, see Password Protecting SQL Server CE Databases and Encrypting SQL Server
Changing Passwords and Encryption Settings for a Database CE Databases.

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Password Protecting SQL Server CE Databases (SQL Server CE Books Online)

MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL Server > SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft
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CE Database Security Features

SQL Server CE Books Online

Password Protecting SQL Server CE Databases

The Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) database engine allows you to require that a password be supplied when
accessing a local database. In SQL Server CE, one password is created for the database that is being secured. A password is not created for each user of a
database. Passwords for SQL Server CE databases:

● Can be up to 40 characters long.

● Can contain letters, symbols, digits, or a combination.
● Cannot be recovered.

Note The password does not prevent the reading of any data in the database file as clear text. By using both
encryption and a password, you can store the data in an encrypted format and restrict programmatic access to the
database.

Creating Password-protected Databases

Password-protected databases are created by supplying a password property when the database is created. Password-protected databases can be created
by the following methods:

● Using SQL Syntax

To create a password-protected database through SQL syntax, specify database_password in the CREATE DATABASE statement. The password must follow the DATABASEPASSWORD keyword and be
enclosed in single quotation marks as in the following example:

Create Database "secure.sdf" databasepassword '<myPassword>'

● Using the .NET Compact Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE

To create a password-protected database using the SqlCeEngine.CreateDatabase method, you must specify the password property in the connection string as in the following example:

"data source=\NorthWind.sdf; password=<myPassword>"

For more information, see the System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeEngine class in the .NET Compact Framework SDK in Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET.

● Using Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows CE (ADOCE), Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects Extensions for Data Definition Language (DDL) and Security (ADOXCE), or the Replication object

To create a password-protected database using the either the ADOCE or ADOXCE Catalog object, or the AddSubscription method of the SQL Server CE Replication ActiveX object, you must specify the
provider-specific SSCE:Database Password connection property in the connection string. For example:

"Provider=Microsoft.SQLSERVER.OLEDB.CE.2.0; data source=\NorthWind.sdf; SSCE:Database Password=<myPassword>"

● Using OLE DB

For more information, see Creating Databases.

Accessing Password-protected Databases

A password must be supplied to open a password-protected database. Password-protected databases can be accessed by the following methods:

● Using the data provider for SQL Server CE

To access a password-protected database using the SqlCeConnection.Open method, you must specify the password property in the connection string. For example:

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Password Protecting SQL Server CE Databases (SQL Server CE Books Online)

"data source=\NorthWind.sdf; password=<myPassword>"

For more information, see the System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeConnection class in the .NET Compact Framework SDK in Microsoft Visual Studio .NET.

● Using ADOCE, ADOXCE, or the Replication object

To access a password-protected database using either the ADOCE or ADOXCE Catalog object, or the SQL Server CE Replication ActiveX object, you must specify the provider-specific SSCE:Database
Password connection property. For example:

"Provider=Microsoft.SQLSERVER.OLEDB.CE.2.0; data source=\NorthWind.sdf; SSCE:Database Password=<myPassword>"

● Using OLE DB

For more information, see Accessing Password-protected Databases.

Changing the Database Password

After a password has been assigned to a database, it cannot be changed until the database is compacted. For more information, see Changing Passwords
and Encryption Settings for a Database.

See Also

Connecting to a SQL Server CE Database

SubscriberConnectionString Property

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Advanced Search SQL Server CE Database Security Features

SQL Server CE Books Online

Password Protecting SQL Server

CE Databases
Up One Level
The Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) database engine
Password Protecting SQL Server CE Databases allows you to require that a password be supplied when accessing a local database. In SQL
Server CE, one password is created for the database that is being secured. A password is not
Encrypting SQL Server CE Databases created for each user of a database. Passwords for SQL Server CE databases:

Changing Passwords and Encryption Settings for a Database

● Can be up to 40 characters long.
● Can contain letters, symbols, digits, or a combination.
● Cannot be recovered.

Note The password does not prevent the reading of any

data in the database file as clear text. By using both
encryption and a password, you can store the data in an
encrypted format and restrict programmatic access to the
database.

Creating Password-protected Databases

Password-protected databases are created by supplying a password property when the

database is created. Password-protected databases can be created by the following methods:

● Using SQL Syntax

To create a password-protected database through SQL syntax, specify database_password in the CREATE DATABASE
statement. The password must follow the DATABASEPASSWORD keyword and be enclosed in single quotation marks as
in the following example:

Create Database "secure.sdf" databasepassword '<myPassword>'

● Using the .NET Compact Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE

To create a password-protected database using the SqlCeEngine.CreateDatabase method, you must specify the
password property in the connection string as in the following example:

"data source=\NorthWind.sdf; password=<myPassword>"

For more information, see the System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeEngine class in the .NET Compact Framework SDK in
Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET.

● Using Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows CE (ADOCE), Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects Extensions for Data
Definition Language (DDL) and Security (ADOXCE), or the Replication object

To create a password-protected database using the either the ADOCE or ADOXCE Catalog object, or the
AddSubscription method of the SQL Server CE Replication ActiveX object, you must specify the provider-specific
SSCE:Database Password connection property in the connection string. For example:

"Provider=Microsoft.SQLSERVER.OLEDB.CE.2.0; data source=\NorthWind.sdf; SSCE:Database Password=<myPassword>"

● Using OLE DB

For more information, see Creating Databases.

Accessing Password-protected Databases

A password must be supplied to open a password-protected database. Password-protected

databases can be accessed by the following methods:

● Using the data provider for SQL Server CE

To access a password-protected database using the SqlCeConnection.Open method, you must specify the password
property in the connection string. For example:

"data source=\NorthWind.sdf; password=<myPassword>"

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For more information, see the System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeConnection class in the .NET Compact Framework
SDK in Microsoft Visual Studio .NET.

● Using ADOCE, ADOXCE, or the Replication object

To access a password-protected database using either the ADOCE or ADOXCE Catalog object, or the SQL Server CE
Replication ActiveX object, you must specify the provider-specific SSCE:Database Password connection property. For
example:

"Provider=Microsoft.SQLSERVER.OLEDB.CE.2.0; data source=\NorthWind.sdf; SSCE:Database Password=<myPassword>"

● Using OLE DB

For more information, see Accessing Password-protected Databases.

Changing the Database Password

After a password has been assigned to a database, it cannot be changed until the database is
compacted. For more information, see Changing Passwords and Encryption Settings for a
Database.

See Also

Connecting to a SQL Server CE Database

SubscriberConnectionString Property

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MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL Server > SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft
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SQL Server CE Books Online

Encrypting SQL Server CE Databases

The Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) database engine allows you to encrypt databases. Databases that are
encrypted must also be protected with a database password.

Important Because encrypted databases can only be accessed with a password, if the password for an encrypted database is lost,
the data is essentially gone.

This encryption support is provided by Windows CE and is supported on all Pocket PC devices. To enable encryption on a Windows CE-based device, you
must install Rsaenh.dll (a dynamic-link library that implements the security features of SQL Server CE) on the Pocket PC device. This encryption
component is shipped with Handheld PC 2000 Service Pack 1 devices and is also available for download in the Microsoft High Encryption Pack, which can
be found at this Microsoft Web site.

Note Database encryption is not supported in Handheld PC 2000 or in the Windows CE emulation.

Creating Encrypted Databases

Encrypted databases are created by supplying both encryption and password properties when the database is created. Encrypted databases can be
created by the following methods:

● Using SQL Syntax

To create an encrypted database through SQL syntax, specify both database_password and the ENCRYPTION ON option. For example:

Create Database "secure.sdf" databasepassword '<password>' encryption on

● Using the .NET Compact Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE

To create a password-protected database using the SqlCeEngine.CreateDatabase method, you must specify the password property in the connection string. For example:

"data source=\secure.sdf;password=<myPassword>;encrypt database=TRUE"

For more information, see the System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeEngine class in the .NET Compact Framework SDK in Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET.

● Using Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows CE (ADOCE), Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects Extensions for Data Definition Language (DDL) and Security (ADOXCE), or the Replication object

To create an encrypted database using either the ADOCE or ADOXCE Catalog object, or the AddSubscription method of the SQL Server CE Replication ActiveX object, you must specify both the provider-
specific SSCE:Database Password connection property and the provider-specific SSCE:Encrypt Database connection property. SSCE:Encrypt Database is a Boolean value that must be set to TRUE for
an encrypted database. For example:

"provider=Microsoft.SQLSERVER.OLEDB.CE.2.0;data source=\secure.sdf;SSCE:Database Password=<myPassword>;SSCE:Encrypt Database=TRUE"

● Using OLE DB

For more information, see Creating Databases.

Accessing Encrypted Databases

A password must be supplied to open an encrypted database. Encrypted databases can be accessed by the following methods:

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Encrypting SQL Server CE Databases (SQL Server CE Books Online)

● Using the data provider for SQL Server CE

To access a password-protected database using the SqlCeConnection.Open method, you must specify the password property in the connection string. For example:

"data source=\NorthWind.sdf; password=<myPassword>"

For more information, see the System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeConnection class in the .NET Compact Framework SDK in Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET.

● Using ADOCE, ADOXCE, or the Replication object

"Provider=Microsoft.SQLSERVER.OLEDB.CE.2.0; data source=\NorthWind.sdf; SSCE:Database Password=<myPassword>"

● Using OLE DB

For more information, see Accessing Password-protected Databases.

Changing the Encryption Settings and Database Password

After an encryption setting and password have been assigned to a database, they cannot be changed until the database is compacted. For more
information, see Changing Passwords and Encryption Settings for a Database.

See Also

Connecting to a SQL Server CE Database

SubscriberConnectionString Property

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Features
Advanced Search

SQL Server CE Books Online

Encrypting SQL Server CE Databases

The Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) database engine allows you to encrypt
databases. Databases that are encrypted must also be protected with a database password.

Up One Level
Password Protecting SQL Server CE Databases Important Because encrypted databases can only be accessed with a password, if the
password for an encrypted database is lost, the data is essentially gone.
Encrypting SQL Server CE Databases
Changing Passwords and Encryption Settings for a Database This encryption support is provided by Windows CE and is supported on all Pocket PC devices. To enable
encryption on a Windows CE-based device, you must install Rsaenh.dll (a dynamic-link library that implements
the security features of SQL Server CE) on the Pocket PC device. This encryption component is shipped with
Handheld PC 2000 Service Pack 1 devices and is also available for download in the Microsoft High Encryption
Pack, which can be found at this Microsoft Web site.

Note Database encryption is not supported in Handheld PC 2000 or in the Windows CE

emulation.

Creating Encrypted Databases

Encrypted databases are created by supplying both encryption and password properties when the database is
created. Encrypted databases can be created by the following methods:

● Using SQL Syntax

To create an encrypted database through SQL syntax, specify both database_password and the ENCRYPTION ON option. For example:

Create Database "secure.sdf" databasepassword '<password>' encryption on

● Using the .NET Compact Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE

To create a password-protected database using the SqlCeEngine.CreateDatabase method, you must specify the password property in the
connection string. For example:

"data source=\secure.sdf;password=<myPassword>;encrypt database=TRUE"

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For more information, see the System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeEngine class in the .NET Compact Framework SDK in Microsoft Visual Studio®
.NET.

● Using Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows CE (ADOCE), Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects Extensions for Data Definition Language (DDL)
and Security (ADOXCE), or the Replication object

To create an encrypted database using either the ADOCE or ADOXCE Catalog object, or the AddSubscription method of the SQL Server CE
Replication ActiveX object, you must specify both the provider-specific SSCE:Database Password connection property and the provider-specific
SSCE:Encrypt Database connection property. SSCE:Encrypt Database is a Boolean value that must be set to TRUE for an encrypted database.
For example:

"provider=Microsoft.SQLSERVER.OLEDB.CE.2.0;data source=\secure.sdf;SSCE:Database Password=<myPassword>;SSCE:Encrypt Database=TRUE"

● Using OLE DB

For more information, see Creating Databases.

Accessing Encrypted Databases

A password must be supplied to open an encrypted database. Encrypted databases can be accessed by the
following methods:

● Using the data provider for SQL Server CE

To access a password-protected database using the SqlCeConnection.Open method, you must specify the password property in the connection
string. For example:

"data source=\NorthWind.sdf; password=<myPassword>"

For more information, see the System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeConnection class in the .NET Compact Framework SDK in Microsoft Visual
Studio® .NET.

● Using ADOCE, ADOXCE, or the Replication object

To access a password-protected database using either the ADOCE or ADOXCE Catalog object, or the SQL Server CE Replication ActiveX object,
you must specify the provider-specific SSCE:Database Password connection property in the connection string. For example:

"Provider=Microsoft.SQLSERVER.OLEDB.CE.2.0; data source=\NorthWind.sdf; SSCE:Database Password=<myPassword>"

● Using OLE DB

For more information, see Accessing Password-protected Databases.

Changing the Encryption Settings and Database Password

After an encryption setting and password have been assigned to a database, they cannot be changed until the
database is compacted. For more information, see Changing Passwords and Encryption Settings for a Database.

See Also

Connecting to a SQL Server CE Database

SubscriberConnectionString Property

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Changing Passwords and Encryption Settings for a Database (SQL Server CE Books Online)

MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL Server > SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft
SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 > Working with SQL Server CE Databases > Designing and Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases > Using the SQL Server
CE Database Security Features

SQL Server CE Books Online

Changing Passwords and Encryption Settings for a

Database
Once the encryption or password properties on a database have been set, these properties can only be modified when the database is compacted. In
addition to setting these security properties on the database, compaction is primarily used to compress unused space in a database and to search for
database consistency errors. For more information, see Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases.

Compaction is exposed through the following mechanisms in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE):

● The Compact method of the SQL Server CE Database Engine ActiveX® control.

For more information, see CompactDatabase Method.

● The Compact method of the System.Data.Sqlserverce.SqlCeEngine class of the .NET Compact Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE.

For more information, see .NET Compact Framework Data Providers.

● Directly through the OLE DB for SQL Server CE by using the ISSCECompact interface.

For more information, see ISSCECompact.

Note When compacting a password protected or encrypted database, you will need to specify the password for the original database.

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MSDN Library Go Server > SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 >
Working with SQL Server CE Databases > Designing and Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases > Using
Advanced Search the SQL Server CE Database Security Features

SQL Server CE Books Online

Changing Passwords and

Encryption Settings for a
Up One Level Database
Password Protecting SQL Server CE Databases
Encrypting SQL Server CE Databases Once the encryption or password properties on a database have been set, these properties
can only be modified when the database is compacted. In addition to setting these security
Changing Passwords and Encryption Settings for a Database properties on the database, compaction is primarily used to compress unused space in a
database and to search for database consistency errors. For more information, see
Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases.

Compaction is exposed through the following mechanisms in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000
Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE):

● The Compact method of the SQL Server CE Database Engine ActiveX® control.

For more information, see CompactDatabase Method.

● The Compact method of the System.Data.Sqlserverce.SqlCeEngine class of the .NET Compact Framework Data
Provider for SQL Server CE.

For more information, see .NET Compact Framework Data Providers.

● Directly through the OLE DB for SQL Server CE by using the ISSCECompact interface.

For more information, see ISSCECompact.

Note When compacting a password protected or encrypted database, you will

need to specify the password for the original database.

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Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Maintaining SQL Server CE

Databases
The internal structure of a database can become fragmented over time and, after much use, result in
wasted disk space. If the fragmentation is excessive, performance can deteriorate. To avoid fragmentation
and get better performance, use the compaction process to maintain the database.

Compacting a database performs the following tasks:

● Reorganizes a table's pages so they reside in adjacent database pages. This improves performance
by reducing table fragmentation across the database.
● Reorders table rows when there is a UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint present on the table.
● Reclaims unused space created by object and record deletions by rewriting all database data into
new data pages with no gaps in the page. When objects or records are deleted from the database,
the space they occupied is marked as available for new additions to the database. However, unless
an entire page of data has been deleted, the page remains in a partially filled state and the size of
the database does not shrink until either the final data is deleted from the page or the database is
compacted. For databases in which objects and records are frequently added, deleted, and updated,
you should compact frequently.
● Resets incrementing identity columns so the next value allocated will be one more than the highest
value in the remaining records. For example, if all records in the database have been deleted,
compacting the database sets the value of the identity column of the next record to 1. If the highest
remaining identity value in the database is 50, compacting the database sets the value of the next
record to 51. Note that this is true even if records containing values greater than 50 were added
previously but were deleted prior to compacting.
● Regenerates the table statistics used in the query optimization process. These statistics can become
out-of-date when much time has elapsed, when transactions are rolled back, and when the
database was not properly closed due to power loss or failure to completely exit the program before
turning the computer off.
● Repairs a suspect database.
● Modifies database properties.

Before compacting a database, ensure that the following conditions are met:

● The database must not be open.

● The source and destination database path must be different.

The destination database must not exist when CompactDatabase is called. An error occurs if the
database specified by DestConnection already exists or another file with that name already exists.
● Sufficient storage space must exist for both the original and compacted versions of the database, as
well as any cached data and data stored in the temporary database.

When a database is compacted, the following database properties can be modified:

● Password

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● Whether or not the database is encrypted

● Locale identifier

See Also

CompactDatabase Method

ISSCECompact

Using SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases

The internal structure of a database can become fragmented over time and, after much use,
result in wasted disk space. If the fragmentation is excessive, performance can deteriorate.
To avoid fragmentation and get better performance, use the compaction process to
maintain the database.
Up One Level
Creating a Database Compacting a database performs the following tasks:

Using SQL Server CE Temporary Databases

Using the SQL Server CE Database Security Features ● Reorganizes a table's pages so they reside in adjacent database pages. This improves performance by reducing
table fragmentation across the database.

Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases ●

●
Reorders table rows when there is a UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint present on the table.
Reclaims unused space created by object and record deletions by rewriting all database data into new data pages
with no gaps in the page. When objects or records are deleted from the database, the space they occupied is
marked as available for new additions to the database. However, unless an entire page of data has been deleted,
the page remains in a partially filled state and the size of the database does not shrink until either the final data is
deleted from the page or the database is compacted. For databases in which objects and records are frequently
added, deleted, and updated, you should compact frequently.
● Resets incrementing identity columns so the next value allocated will be one more than the highest value in the
remaining records. For example, if all records in the database have been deleted, compacting the database sets the
value of the identity column of the next record to 1. If the highest remaining identity value in the database is 50,
compacting the database sets the value of the next record to 51. Note that this is true even if records containing
values greater than 50 were added previously but were deleted prior to compacting.
● Regenerates the table statistics used in the query optimization process. These statistics can become out-of-date
when much time has elapsed, when transactions are rolled back, and when the database was not properly closed
due to power loss or failure to completely exit the program before turning the computer off.
● Repairs a suspect database.
● Modifies database properties.

Before compacting a database, ensure that the following conditions are met:

● The database must not be open.

● The source and destination database path must be different.

The destination database must not exist when CompactDatabase is called. An error occurs if the database
specified by DestConnection already exists or another file with that name already exists.

● Sufficient storage space must exist for both the original and compacted versions of the database, as well as any
cached data and data stored in the temporary database.

When a database is compacted, the following database properties can be modified:

● Password
● Whether or not the database is encrypted
● Locale identifier

See Also

CompactDatabase Method

ISSCECompact

Using SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Accessing SQL Server CE Databases

The Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) database engine
provides the following features for accessing SQL Server CE databases:

Up One Level ● Parameterized queries

Using Parameters in Queries

Create queries with parameters and use these queries many times. The parameters are placeholders for values
Working with Cursors supplied at run time. For more information, see Using Parameters in Queries.

Using Transactions ● Intrinsic functions

Use mathematical, string, and system functions in your queries to perform operations and return scalar values. For
more information, see Functions.

● UNION operator

Obtain a single result set from a combination of two or more SELECT statements. For more information, see
UNION.

● SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

Use the SQL syntax in the SQL Server CE Query Analyzer to access and modify databases. For more information,
see Using SQL Server CE Query Analyzer.

For information about the SQL grammar, see SQL Reference for SQL Server CE. For more
information about Transact-SQL, see SQL Server Books Online in the MSDN® Library at this
Microsoft Web site.

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Using Parameters in Queries (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using Parameters in Queries

In Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), input parameters in a query are specified with parameter markers. A parameter
marker is a question mark (?) placed in the location of an input expression in an SQL statement. Values for the parameters are passed programmatically
when the command is executed.

Named parameters are not supported in SQL Server CE. Parameters can be used to replace only column values. They cannot be used in queries to replace
other objects, such as table or column names. The number and order in which you programmatically specify parameters must correspond to the
parameter markers in the query.

The .NET Compact Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE supports use of parameters in queries. For more information about the
System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeParameter and System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeParameterCollection classes, see the .NET Compact Framework
SDK in Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET.

The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE also supports using parameters in queries. For more information, see Parameters.

Examples

A. Using parameters in an SQL query

In the following simple statement using the Northwind sample database, the requested value for CustomerID is passed programmatically when the
SELECT statement is executed.

SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE CustomerID =?

B. Using parameters to an insert a new row

In the following example, an SQL INSERT statement uses parameters to insert a new row into the Employees table of the Northwind sample database.

INSERT INTO Employees(LastName, FirstName, Title, TitleOfCourtesy,

BirthDate, HireDate, Address, City, Region, PostalCode, Country,
HomePhone, Extension, Photo, Notes, ReportsTo, PhotoPath, rowguid)
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Using Parameters in Queries

Parameters are often used when querying relational databases. Using parameters in queries
allows the database client to run an SQL statement multiple times with potentially different
sets of values. This allows queries with the same structure and with only differing variables
to be run without having to recompile the query multiple times. This improved efficiency can
Up One Level be used to minimize query execution time, especially for large queries or queries that are
run many times.
Using Parameters in Queries
Working with Cursors In Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), input parameters
in a query are specified with parameter markers. A parameter marker is a question mark (?)
Using Transactions placed in the location of an input expression in an SQL statement. Values for the
parameters are passed programmatically when the command is executed.

Named parameters are not supported in SQL Server CE. Parameters can be used to replace
only column values. They cannot be used in queries to replace other objects, such as table
or column names. The number and order in which you programmatically specify parameters
must correspond to the parameter markers in the query.

The .NET Compact Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE supports use of parameters
in queries. For more information about the System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeParameter
and System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeParameterCollection classes, see the .NET
Compact Framework SDK in Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET.

The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE also supports using parameters in queries. For more
information, see Parameters.

Examples

A. Using parameters in an SQL query

In the following simple statement using the Northwind sample database, the requested
value for CustomerID is passed programmatically when the SELECT statement is executed.

SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE CustomerID =?

B. Using parameters to an insert a new row

In the following example, an SQL INSERT statement uses parameters to insert a new row
into the Employees table of the Northwind sample database.

INSERT INTO Employees(LastName, FirstName, Title, TitleOfCourtesy,

BirthDate, HireDate, Address, City, Region, PostalCode, Country,
HomePhone, Extension, Photo, Notes, ReportsTo, PhotoPath, rowguid)

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VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)

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Working with Cursors (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Working with Cursors

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports three types of cursors: base table, scrollable query, and forward-only.
Each cursor type is different. Carefully choose your cursor in order for your application to work most effectively.

Base Table Cursors

Base table cursors are the lowest-level cursor available and are the only updatable cursors. These cursors work directly against the storage engine and are
the fastest of all supported cursor types. These cursors support the ability to use bookmarks to position on rows. Indexes are supported to order the rows
in a table, to enable seeking on particular values, and to restrict the rows based on a range of values within an index. Base table cursors can scroll forward
or backward with minimal cost.

Base table cursors have dynamic membership, which means two cursors opened over the same table will immediately see insertions, deletions, and
changes to the data (assuming both are in the same transaction scope). Because base table cursors are updatable, a client can use this cursor type to
make changes to the underlying data.

Base table cursors cannot represent the results of a query. Instead, they reflect all the functionality available to a single table in the database engine.
Results of queries, such as SELECT * FROM tablename, are returned through one of the supported query result cursors.

To open a base table cursor in Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows CE 3.1 (ADOCE), pass the adCmdTableDirect flag when the Recordset
object is opened. If this flag is not passed, the cursor cannot be a base table cursor because ADOCE implicitly prepends SELECT * FROM to the table
name. Base table cursors used in ADOCE and SQL Server CE should use adOpenDynamic and adLockOptimistic, for example:

rs.Open "tablename", cn, adOpenDynamic, adLockOptimistic, adCmdTableDirect

Scrollable Query Cursors

Scrollable query cursors are the most functional query-result cursors. These cursors support scrolling backward and forward and using bookmarks to
position on rows. They do not support updates or indexes. Scrollable cursors do not see external changes to the data; the results of the query are cached
for the lifetime of the cursor. Although scrollable cursors are more functional than forward-only cursors, scrollable cursors are slower and use more
memory. Clients should use scrollable cursors only if scrolling or bookmarking is necessary. SQL Server CE does not support updatable cursors from the
query processor.

Scrollable cursors can use either adOpenStatic or adOpenKeyset. These cursors should use adLockReadOnly and not specify the adCmdTableDirect
flag, for example:

rs.Open "SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE col1 > 2;", cn, adOpenStatic, adLockReadOnly

Forward-only Cursors

Forward-only cursors are only returned by the query processor and are the fastest query-based cursor. These cursors do not support bookmarks, scrolling
backward, indexes, or updating. These cursors should be used in scenarios in which speed and memory footprint are most important and query results are
required. Restarting these cursors is relatively expensive because the query must be run again.

Forward-only cursors should use adOpenForwardOnly and adLockOptimistic, and the adCmdTableDirect flag should not be used, for example:

rs.Open "SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE col1 > 2;", cn, adOpenForwardOnly, adLockOptimistic

See Also

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Working with Cursors (SQL Server CE Books Online)

Cursors

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Working with Cursors

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports three types of
cursors: base table, scrollable query, and forward-only. Each cursor type is different. Carefully
choose your cursor in order for your application to work most effectively.

Up One Level
Using Parameters in Queries Base Table Cursors
Working with Cursors
Using Transactions Base table cursors are the lowest-level cursor available and are the only updatable cursors. These
cursors work directly against the storage engine and are the fastest of all supported cursor types.
These cursors support the ability to use bookmarks to position on rows. Indexes are supported to
order the rows in a table, to enable seeking on particular values, and to restrict the rows based on
a range of values within an index. Base table cursors can scroll forward or backward with minimal
cost.

Base table cursors have dynamic membership, which means two cursors opened over the same
table will immediately see insertions, deletions, and changes to the data (assuming both are in the
same transaction scope). Because base table cursors are updatable, a client can use this cursor
type to make changes to the underlying data.

Base table cursors cannot represent the results of a query. Instead, they reflect all the functionality
available to a single table in the database engine. Results of queries, such as SELECT * FROM
tablename, are returned through one of the supported query result cursors.

To open a base table cursor in Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows CE 3.1 (ADOCE), pass
the adCmdTableDirect flag when the Recordset object is opened. If this flag is not passed, the
cursor cannot be a base table cursor because ADOCE implicitly prepends SELECT * FROM to the
table name. Base table cursors used in ADOCE and SQL Server CE should use adOpenDynamic
and adLockOptimistic, for example:

rs.Open "tablename", cn, adOpenDynamic, adLockOptimistic, adCmdTableDirect

Scrollable Query Cursors

Scrollable query cursors are the most functional query-result cursors. These cursors support
scrolling backward and forward and using bookmarks to position on rows. They do not support
updates or indexes. Scrollable cursors do not see external changes to the data; the results of the
query are cached for the lifetime of the cursor. Although scrollable cursors are more functional than
forward-only cursors, scrollable cursors are slower and use more memory. Clients should use
scrollable cursors only if scrolling or bookmarking is necessary. SQL Server CE does not support
updatable cursors from the query processor.

Scrollable cursors can use either adOpenStatic or adOpenKeyset. These cursors should use
adLockReadOnly and not specify the adCmdTableDirect flag, for example:

rs.Open "SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE col1 > 2;", cn, adOpenStatic, adLockReadOnly

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Forward-only Cursors

Forward-only cursors are only returned by the query processor and are the fastest query-based
cursor. These cursors do not support bookmarks, scrolling backward, indexes, or updating. These
cursors should be used in scenarios in which speed and memory footprint are most important and
query results are required. Restarting these cursors is relatively expensive because the query must
be run again.

Forward-only cursors should use adOpenForwardOnly and adLockOptimistic, and the

adCmdTableDirect flag should not be used, for example:

rs.Open "SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE col1 > 2;", cn, adOpenForwardOnly, adLockOptimistic

See Also

Cursors

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Using Transactions (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using Transactions

Transactions provide a mechanism to group a series of changes to a database in one atomic operation. After changes have been made to the database,
these changes can be committed or canceled. Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports transactions and exposes
the ability to use them directly through both Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows CE 3.1 (ADOCE) and the OLE DB layer. Transactions can also
be nested. Within a larger transaction, it is possible to have atomic units of work that are individually committed or canceled.

The SQL Server CE transaction model differs from that of Microsoft SQL Server. When you develop applications to run on both, it is important to keep the
following information in mind:

● SQL Server CE supports only single-phase commit transactions.

● In SQL Server CE, transactions can be nested up to five levels deep.
● The transaction isolation model exposed in SQL Server CE is "Read Committed," which means SQL Server CE can isolate users from uncommitted changes in a database.
● SQL Server CE holds an exclusive lock on a table that has been altered in a transaction until that transaction completes. Additional attempts to open the table or perform modifications on it will fail until the
lock in the transaction is released. Consequently, it is not generally recommended that DDL operations be performed inside transactions because of the potential for locking conflicts to occur.
● Transactions also influence the way cursors function. In SQL Server CE, if a cursor is opened within a transaction, the cursor exists within the scope of that transaction. If the transaction is canceled, the
cursor ceases to exist. To continue using a cursor after a canceled transaction, the cursor should be created outside the scope of the transaction. Within the context of ADOCE and OLE DB for SQL Server
CE, this means that the recordset would become a zombie and must be closed. If the transaction commits, the cursor still exists and is fully functional.

For more information about using transactions with the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE, see Transactions.

Examples

The following Microsoft Visual Basic® example shows the use of transactions using ADOCE.

Sub TransactionExample()
Dim cn As ADOCE.Connection
Dim rs As ADOCE.Recordset
Set cn = CreateObject("ADOCE.Connection.3.1")
Set rs = CreateObject("ADOCE.Recordset.3.1")

'Open a connection to a SQL Server CE database.

cn.Open "provider=Microsoft.SQLServer.OLEDB.CE.2.0;data source=\ssce.sdf;"

' Begin a transaction.

cn.BeginTrans
' Commit that transaction.
cn.CommitTrans

' Demonstrate that opening a table outside of the transaction

' avoids potential problems with DBPROP_ABORTPRESERVE.
rs.Open "helloworld", cn, adOpenDynamic, adLockOptimistic
cn.BeginTrans
cn.RollbackTrans
rs.MoveFirst ' recordset is still functional
rs.Close

' Opening a rowset within a transaction that is canceled

' will zombie the rowset. This can be accessed in ADOCE
' through the "Preserve on Abort" property.
cn.BeginTrans
rs.Open "helloworld", cn, adOpenDynamic, adLockOptimistic
Debug.Print rs.Properties("Preserve on Abort")
Debug.Print rs.State
cn.RollbackTrans
rs.MoveFirst
End Sub

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Using Transactions

Transactions provide a mechanism to group a series of changes to a database in one atomic

operation. After changes have been made to the database, these changes can be committed
or canceled. Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports
transactions and exposes the ability to use them directly through both Microsoft ActiveX®
Up One Level Data Objects for Windows CE 3.1 (ADOCE) and the OLE DB layer. Transactions can also be
nested. Within a larger transaction, it is possible to have atomic units of work that are
Using Parameters in Queries individually committed or canceled.

Working with Cursors

The SQL Server CE transaction model differs from that of Microsoft SQL Server. When you
Using Transactions develop applications to run on both, it is important to keep the following information in
mind:

● SQL Server CE supports only single-phase commit transactions.

● In SQL Server CE, transactions can be nested up to five levels deep.
● The transaction isolation model exposed in SQL Server CE is "Read Committed," which means SQL Server CE can
isolate users from uncommitted changes in a database.
● SQL Server CE holds an exclusive lock on a table that has been altered in a transaction until that transaction
completes. Additional attempts to open the table or perform modifications on it will fail until the lock in the
transaction is released. Consequently, it is not generally recommended that DDL operations be performed inside
transactions because of the potential for locking conflicts to occur.
● Transactions also influence the way cursors function. In SQL Server CE, if a cursor is opened within a transaction,
the cursor exists within the scope of that transaction. If the transaction is canceled, the cursor ceases to exist. To
continue using a cursor after a canceled transaction, the cursor should be created outside the scope of the
transaction. Within the context of ADOCE and OLE DB for SQL Server CE, this means that the recordset would
become a zombie and must be closed. If the transaction commits, the cursor still exists and is fully functional.

For more information about using transactions with the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE,
see Transactions.

Examples

The following Microsoft Visual Basic® example shows the use of transactions using ADOCE.

Sub TransactionExample()
Dim cn As ADOCE.Connection
Dim rs As ADOCE.Recordset
Set cn = CreateObject("ADOCE.Connection.3.1")
Set rs = CreateObject("ADOCE.Recordset.3.1")

'Open a connection to a SQL Server CE database.

cn.Open "provider=Microsoft.SQLServer.OLEDB.CE.2.0;data source=\ssce.sdf;"

' Begin a transaction.

cn.BeginTrans
' Commit that transaction.
cn.CommitTrans

' Demonstrate that opening a table outside of the transaction

' avoids potential problems with DBPROP_ABORTPRESERVE.
rs.Open "helloworld", cn, adOpenDynamic, adLockOptimistic
cn.BeginTrans
cn.RollbackTrans
rs.MoveFirst ' recordset is still functional
rs.Close

' Opening a rowset within a transaction that is canceled

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' will zombie the rowset. This can be accessed in ADOCE

' through the "Preserve on Abort" property.
cn.BeginTrans
rs.Open "helloworld", cn, adOpenDynamic, adLockOptimistic
Debug.Print rs.Properties("Preserve on Abort")
Debug.Print rs.State
cn.RollbackTrans
rs.MoveFirst
End Sub

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Using SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

SQL Server CE Query Analyzer is a graphical tool included in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000
Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) that you can use to:

Up One Level ● Create databases.

● Manage and connect to other databases on a device.

Navigating the Query Window ●

●
Verify remote data access (RDA) and replication applications.
Create and modify tables and indexes in a database.
Query objects by using the SELECT statement.
Managing Databases and Database Connections in the Objects Tab
●

● Insert and delete rows in a table.

● Modify existing data in a table.
Compact and repair a database.
Managing Database Objects in the Objects Tab
●

Executing SQL Statements in the SQL Tab Note To navigate the graphical interface and execute
commands in SQL Server CE Query Analyzer on a device,
you must use a stylus. However, when the device is
connected to a desktop computer, the desktop keyboard
and mouse can be used in conjunction with Microsoft
Remote Display Control for Windows CE.

Queries that are executed through SQL Server CE Query Analyzer run with the following
default behavior, which cannot be changed:

● QUOTED_IDENTIFIER_ON
● ANSI_NULLS_ON
● ANSI_PADDING_ON
● ANSI_NULL_DFLT_ON_ON
● CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL_ON

Installing and Starting SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

The installation of SQL Server CE Query Analyzer depends on the development environment
onto which SQL Server CE is installed. When you install SQL Server CE, SQL Server CE
Query Analyzer is not installed by default on a device. For more information, see Installing
SQL Server CE Query Analyzer.

To start SQL Server CE Query Analyzer

● Run the SQL Server CE Query Analyzer executable file, Isqlw20.exe, directly from the Start menu or from the
directory in which it is installed.

After SQL Server CE Query Analyzer is installed, you can refer to the following topics that
describe how to use it:

● Navigating the Query Window

● Managing Databases and Database Connections in the Objects Tab
● Managing Database Objects in the Objects Tab
● Executing SQL Statements in the SQL Tab

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Navigating the Query Window (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Navigating the Query Window

When you start SQL Server CE Query Analyzer, the query window contains the following tabs: Objects, SQL, Grid, and Notes.

Objects tab
Use the Objects tab to manage databases and database connections, and explore, add, and drop database objects. When you connect to a
database, you can view, add, and drop:
● Tables
● Table columns
● Indexes
● System tables (view only)

To perform these functions, use the buttons located either at the bottom of the screen on a Pocket PC device, or the top of the screen on a
Handheld PC device. The availability of the buttons depends on the node that is selected in the database tree. For example, when you select a
table, buttons are available for executing a SELECT * FROM table_name statement, adding a column to the table, creating an index on the
table, and dropping the table. The following illustration shows SQL Server CE Query Analyzer as it appears on a Pocket PC device.

A. Tap to execute a SELECT * FROM Employees statement.

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Navigating the Query Window (SQL Server CE Books Online)

Displays messages after a command has been executed from either the Objects tab or the SQL tab. If a query executes successfully, a
message provides information about the elapsed time and rows affected, if any. If a command results in an error or a query itself contains an
error or unsupported SQL elements, a message provides error information, which includes the failed query and a short description.

The Notes tab contains a Copy button for selecting text and pasting to the SQL tab or a text editor. For information about errors, see SQL
Server CE Errors.

The Tools Menu

The Tools menu is available in all four panes and contains the following items:

Refresh
Refreshes the view of the database tree in the Objects tab after any changes are made to the database.
Logging
When selected, logs corresponding SQL statements in the SQL tab when commands are executed in the Objects tab. Logged statements are
not saved automatically. To save logged statements, see "Managing SQL Scripts" in Executing SQL Statements in the SQL Tab.
Fonts...
Changes the font settings of text in all four tabs.
About...
Provides version information about SQL Server CE and SQL Server CE Query Analyzer.
Exit
Exits SQL Server CE Query Analyzer.

Note If you exit SQL Server CE Query Analyzer without closing a database connection, when you restart SQL Server CE Query Analyzer, the
Objects tab shows the last database connection and the last view.

The SQL Menu

The SQL menu is available only in the SQL tab. For more information about the SQL menu, see Executing SQL Statements in the SQL Tab.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Navigating the Query Window

When you start SQL Server CE Query Analyzer, the query window contains the following
tabs: Objects, SQL, Grid, and Notes.

Up One Level Objects tab

Use the Objects tab to manage databases and database connections, and
Navigating the Query Window explore, add, and drop database objects. When you connect to a database, you
can view, add, and drop:
Managing Databases and Database Connections in the Objects Tab ● Tables
Table columns

Managing Database Objects in the Objects Tab

●

● Indexes
● System tables (view only)

Executing SQL Statements in the SQL Tab

To perform these functions, use the buttons located either at the bottom of the
screen on a Pocket PC device, or the top of the screen on a Handheld PC device.
The availability of the buttons depends on the node that is selected in the
database tree. For example, when you select a table, buttons are available for
executing a SELECT * FROM table_name statement, adding a column to the
table, creating an index on the table, and dropping the table. The following
illustration shows SQL Server CE Query Analyzer as it appears on a Pocket PC
device.

A. Tap to execute a SELECT * FROM Employees statement.

B. Tap to add a column to the Employees table.
C. Tap to create an index on the Employees table.
D. Tap to drop the Employees table.
SQL tab
Is a command-line editor, which you can use to:
● Type and execute SQL statements.
● Manage SQL Server CE script files.
● Save SQL statements directly in SQL Server CE Query Analyzer for editing and reuse.
Grid tab
Shows the results set of a query.
Notes tab
Displays messages after a command has been executed from either the Objects
tab or the SQL tab. If a query executes successfully, a message provides
information about the elapsed time and rows affected, if any. If a command
results in an error or a query itself contains an error or unsupported SQL
elements, a message provides error information, which includes the failed query
and a short description.

The Notes tab contains a Copy button for selecting text and pasting to the SQL
tab or a text editor. For information about errors, see SQL Server CE Errors.

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The Tools Menu

The Tools menu is available in all four panes and contains the following items:

Refresh
Refreshes the view of the database tree in the Objects tab after any changes
are made to the database.
Logging
When selected, logs corresponding SQL statements in the SQL tab when
commands are executed in the Objects tab. Logged statements are not saved
automatically. To save logged statements, see "Managing SQL Scripts" in
Executing SQL Statements in the SQL Tab.
Fonts...
Changes the font settings of text in all four tabs.
About...
Provides version information about SQL Server CE and SQL Server CE Query
Analyzer.
Exit
Exits SQL Server CE Query Analyzer.

Note If you exit SQL Server CE Query Analyzer without closing a database
connection, when you restart SQL Server CE Query Analyzer, the Objects tab
shows the last database connection and the last view.

The SQL Menu

The SQL menu is available only in the SQL tab. For more information about the SQL menu,
see Executing SQL Statements in the SQL Tab.

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Managing Databases and Database Connections in the Objects Tab (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Managing Databases and Database Connections in the Objects Tab

You must connect to a database before you can view, add, or drop database objects in the Objects tab; or before you can execute queries against a database in the
SQL tab. Use the Objects tab to manage database connections. If you are connecting to a database for the first time, it is added to the list of managed databases in the
Databases folder. If you are connecting to a database that was connected to previously, the database is listed under the Databases folder.

To connect to a database for the first time

1. In the Objects tab, select the Databases folder.

2. Tap the database connection button. The button must show a green arrow. If the button shows a red square, you are already connected to a database. Tap the button to disconnect. Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows®
CE Edition (SQL Server CE) allows only one database connection at a time.

Indicates no current connection to the database. Tap to connect.

Indicates an established connection to the database. Tap to disconnect.

3. In the Connect to SQL Server CE dialog box, enter the path for the database or tab the browse (...) button to select a database.

Note On a Handheld PC device, you can browse to the root directory to locate a database. On a Pocket PC device, you can browse to
the My Documents folder. To locate databases at the root directory, which includes any sample databases, type a backslash (\) in
front of the database name. For example, to connect to Northwind.sdf, type \Northwind.sdf.

4. If the database is password protected, enter a password.

5. Tap Connect.

To connect to a database that was connected to previously

● In the Objects tab, expand the Databases folder, select the database, and then tap the database connection button.

Note If a database connection is underway when you try to connect to another database, SQL Server CE drops the current
connection and starts a new connection as part of the same operation.

If you exit SQL Server CE Query Analyzer without closing a database connection, when you restart SQL Server CE Query Analyzer, the Objects tab shows
the last database connection and the last view.

To disconnect from the current database

● In the Objects tab, select either the Databases folder or the database you want to disconnect from, and then tap the database connection button. Before you tap, the button displays a red square. If the button displays a
green arrow, you are already disconnected.

To remove a single database from the list of managed databases in the Databases folder

1. Select the database you want to remove. If you are connected to the database, you must disconnect.
2. Tap the database management button. In the message window that appears, tap OK.

Tap to stop managing the database.

To remove all databases from the list of managed databases in the Databases folder

1. Disconnect from the current database, if necessary.

2. Select the Databases folder, and then tap the database management button.

To compact and repair a database

1. Disconnect from the current database, if necessary.

2. Select the database you want to compact and repair, and then tap the compact and repair button.

Tap to compact and repair the database.

For information about compacting and repairing a database, see Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases.

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Managing Databases and Database Connections in the Objects Tab

To connect to a database for the first time

Up One Level
Navigating the Query Window 1. In the Objects tab, select the Databases folder.

Managing Databases and Database Connections in the Objects Tab

Managing Database Objects in the Objects Tab Indicates no current connection to the database. Tap to connect.

Executing SQL Statements in the SQL Tab

Indicates an established connection to the database. Tap to disconnect.

3. In the Connect to SQL Server CE dialog box, enter the path for the database or tab the browse (...) button to select a database.

4. If the database is password protected, enter a password.

5. Tap Connect.

To connect to a database that was connected to previously

● In the Objects tab, expand the Databases folder, select the database, and then tap the database connection button.

Note If a database connection is underway when you try to connect to another database, SQL Server CE drops the current
connection and starts a new connection as part of the same operation.

If you exit SQL Server CE Query Analyzer without closing a database connection, when you restart SQL Server CE Query Analyzer, the Objects tab shows
the last database connection and the last view.

To disconnect from the current database

To remove a single database from the list of managed databases in the Databases folder

1. Select the database you want to remove. If you are connected to the database, you must disconnect.
2. Tap the database management button. In the message window that appears, tap OK.

Tap to stop managing the database.

To remove all databases from the list of managed databases in the Databases folder

1. Disconnect from the current database, if necessary.

2. Select the Databases folder, and then tap the database management button.

To compact and repair a database

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1. Disconnect from the current database, if necessary.
2. Select the database you want to compact and repair, and then tap the compact and repair button.

Tap to compact and repair the database.

For information about compacting and repairing a database, see Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases.

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Managing Database Objects in the Objects Tab

In the Objects tab, you can add and drop databases, tables, and indexes; and define many of the most common properties of tables and indexes when you create
them. For more specific table and index definition requirements, however, you must execute an SQL statement in the SQL tab.

To create a database

Up One Level
Viewing and Modifying Index Properties 1. In the Objects tab, select the Databases folder, and then tap the database connection button. The button must show a green arrow. If the button shows a red square, you are already connected to a database. Tap the button
to disconnect. Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) allows only one database connection at a time.
2. In the Connect to SQL Server CE dialog box, enter the path and name of the database, and then tap New Database.
3. In the Password box, enter a password if you want the database to be password-protected. In the Sort box, select a database collation. The default collation, General, corresponds to Latin1_general. To encrypt the
database, select Encrypt.

Note Encryption must be used in conjunction with a password. Other conditions apply to implement encryption. For more information
about passwords and encryption in SQL Server CE, see Using the SQL Server CE Database Security Features.

4. Tap Create.

To create a table

1. In the Objects tab, select either the database to which you are connected or the Tables folder of the database connection, and then tap the create table button.

Tap to create a table.

2. In the Table Definition dialog box, enter a name for the table, and then tap Insert Column.
3. In the Column Definition dialog box, specify the properties of a column. The properties include: column name, data type, length (if applicable), nullability, precision, scale, and identity. You can also define a UNIQUE or
PRIMARY KEY constraint and a default value for the column.

Note When you create a table with a UNIQUE or PRIMARY KEY constraint, SQL Server CE automatically creates a unique index on
that table. For more information, see Viewing and Modifying Index Properties.

For information about the data types that SQL Server CE supports, see Data Types.

4. To return to the Table Definition dialog box, tap OK. Either repeat the process for additional columns, or tap OK to finish.

To add a column to a table

1. In the Objects tab, connect to a database, and expand the Tables folder.
2. Expand the table you want to add a column to, select the Columns folder, and then tap the add column definition button.

Tap to add a column to a table.

3. In the Column Definition dialog box, specify the properties of a column. The properties include: column name, data type, length (if applicable), nullability, precision, scale, and identity. You can also define a UNIQUE or
PRIMARY KEY constraint and a default value for the column. To create the column, tap OK.

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For information about the data types that SQL Server CE supports, see Data Types.

To execute a SELECT * FROM table_name statement

1. In the Objects tab, connect to a database, expand the Table folder, and then select a table.
2. Tap the execute button. The results of the SELECT * FROM table_name statement appear in the Grid tab, and the messages appear in the Notes tab.

Tab to execute a SELECT * FROM table_name statement.

To show/hide system tables

● In the Objects tab, connect to a database, select the Tables folder, and then tap the system table button.

Tap to view system tables.

Tap to hide system tables.

To create an index

1. In the Objects tab, connect to a database, and then expand the Tables folder.
2. In the Tables folder, select the table you want to index (or expand that table and select the Indexes folder), and then tap the create index button.

Tab to create an index.

3. In the Index Definition dialog box, enter a name for the index. If the index is unique, select Unique.
4. In the Columns list box, select the column(s) you want to base the index on. If you want the index sorted on that column in ascending order, tap A->. If you want the index sorted on that column in descending order, tap D-
>. To remove a column from the list of index keys, select the column and tap <-.
5. Tap OK.

For information about how to view and modify index properties, see Viewing and Modifying Index Properties.

To delete databases and database objects

● To delete databases and database objects in the Objects tab, select the object you want to delete, and then tap the delete button. For example, if you want to drop the Territories table from the Northwind sample
database, select Territories and tap the delete button. If you only want to drop the TerritoryDescription column of the Territories table, select TerritoryDescription and tap the delete button. In both cases, a warning
message appears asking whether you are sure you want to drop the object.

Tap to delete a database object.

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Viewing and Modifying Index Properties (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Viewing and Modifying Index Properties

By expanding the Indexes folder of a table, you can view all the indexes of a table, including any unique indexes, as shown in the following illustration.
(The illustrations in this topic show SQL Server CE Query Analyzer as it appears on a Pocket PC device.)

A. Indexes on the Order Details table.

B. Tap to create a new index on the Order Details table.
C. Unique index.

By expanding an individual index, you can view the columns on which the index is built. The columns are listed in sort order (if the index is sorted on more
than one column). To change the order in which a column appears, select the column and tap either the MOVE DOWN or MOVE UP arrow (see the
following illustration).

You can also view whether a particular index column is sorted in ascending or descending order. The index column icon shows a downward pointing arrow
if it is sorted in descending order, and an upward pointing arrow if it is sorted in ascending order. To change whether a particular column is sorted in
ascending or descending order, select the column and tap the sort button (see the following illustration).

To remove a column from an index entirely, select the column and tap the delete icon (see the following illustration).

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Viewing and Modifying Index Properties (SQL Server CE Books Online)

A. Columns on which the PK_Order_Details index is built.

B. Tap to change the sort order of the OrderID column to ascending.
C. Tap to move the OrderID column down in the sort order of the PK_Order_Details index.
D. Tap to move the ProductID column up in the sort order of the PK_Order_Details index. (ProductID must be selected first.)
E. Tap to drop the OrderID column from the PK_Order_Details index.

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MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL
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Working with SQL Server CE Databases > Using SQL Server CE Query Analyzer > Managing Database
Advanced Search Objects in the Objects Tab

SQL Server CE Books Online

Viewing and Modifying Index

Properties
Up One Level
By expanding the Indexes folder of a table, you can view all the indexes of a table, including
Viewing and Modifying Index Properties any unique indexes, as shown in the following illustration. (The illustrations in this topic
show SQL Server CE Query Analyzer as it appears on a Pocket PC device.)

A. Indexes on the Order Details table.

B. Tap to create a new index on the Order Details table.
C. Unique index.

By expanding an individual index, you can view the columns on which the index is built. The
columns are listed in sort order (if the index is sorted on more than one column). To change
the order in which a column appears, select the column and tap either the MOVE DOWN or
MOVE UP arrow (see the following illustration).

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You can also view whether a particular index column is sorted in ascending or descending
order. The index column icon shows a downward pointing arrow if it is sorted in descending
order, and an upward pointing arrow if it is sorted in ascending order. To change whether a
particular column is sorted in ascending or descending order, select the column and tap the
sort button (see the following illustration).

To remove a column from an index entirely, select the column and tap the delete icon (see
the following illustration).

A. Columns on which the PK_Order_Details index is built.

B. Tap to change the sort order of the OrderID column to ascending.
C. Tap to move the OrderID column down in the sort order of the PK_Order_Details
index.
D. Tap to move the ProductID column up in the sort order of the PK_Order_Details
index. (ProductID must be selected first.)
E. Tap to drop the OrderID column from the PK_Order_Details index.

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Executing SQL Statements in the SQL Tab (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Executing SQL Statements in the SQL Tab

When you use SQL Server CE Query Analyzer to execute SQL statements, the following conditions apply:

● You can execute queries comprised of one SQL statement, or multiple statements separated by a semicolon (;).
● If no text is selected when executing, Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) attempts to execute all text in the SQL tab as a single batch.
● You can perform text-editing tasks using the cut, copy, and paste buttons.
● On the SQL menu, when Word Wrap is selected, SQL statements wrap to fit on the screen of the SQL tab. When Word Wrap is not selected, SQL statements flow beyond the screen.

Tap to execute an SQL statement or batch.

Tap to cut text.

Tap to copy text.

Tap to paste text.

Managing SQL Scripts

In the SQL tab, you can create new script files for SQL Server CE, open existing ones, and save the files to a directory. You can also save frequently used SQL
statements directly in SQL Server CE Query Analyzer for editing and reuse. The following tasks are performed primarily by using the New, Open, and Save commands
on the SQL menu.

To start a new SQL Server CE script file

● On the SQL menu, tap New. This clears all text from the SQL tab to start a new script file.

To open a SQL Server CE script file

● To open the most recent SQL Server CE script files that were previously accessed, tap the Tools menu, and then tap the file you want to open.

● On the SQL menu, tap Open, and in the Name list box, tap the script file you want to open. If the file you want to open does not appear in the Name list box, in the Folder box, select the directory of the file; and in the
Type box, specify the file type.

To save a SQL Server CE script file

● To save the current script file, on the SQL menu, tap Save. If the file already exists, the most recent version that appears in the SQL tab is saved in its current directory.

● If the script file is new, in the Save As dialog box, enter the appropriate information in the Name, Folder, Type, and Location boxes.

Saving Frequently Used SQL Statements for Editing and Reuse

You can save up to 10 frequently used SQL statements directly in SQL Server CE Query Analyzer, and browse the text of each statement simultaneously to determine
which one you want to open for editing and reuse.

To save SQL statements

1. In the SQL tab, select the text you want to save, and then tap the preset button.

Tap to save an SQL statement.

2. In the Button Presets dialog box, tap the preset button number (1 through 10) you want the statement to correspond to. The first line of the statement appears next to the button number. If any SQL statements have been
added previously, the first line of their contents appears next to their assigned button numbers. If the button number corresponds to a previously added statement, the new statement overwrites it.
3. To save, tap OK.

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Executing SQL Statements in the SQL Tab (SQL Server CE Books Online)

To open a saved statement

● In the SQL tab, tap the preset button number corresponding to the saved statement. If you are not sure which button number to choose, tap the preset button to view the list of saved statements, and then tap Cancel to
return to the SQL tab. The following illustration shows SQL Server CE Query Analyzer as it appears on a Pocket PC device.

A. Tap to open a saved SQL statement. (Tap the number corresponding to the preset button number the statement was saved under.)
B. Tap to view a list of saved SQL statements and their corresponding preset button numbers, or to save an SQL statement. (Text must be entered and selected to save an SQL statement.)

If you edit the SQL statement after opening it, the changes will not be reflected in the Button Presets dialog box. To save the changes, repeat the save process for saving a statement described previously.

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Executing SQL Statements in the SQL Tab

When you use SQL Server CE Query Analyzer to execute SQL statements, the following conditions apply:

Up One Level
Tap to execute an SQL statement or batch.
Navigating the Query Window
Managing Databases and Database Connections in the Objects Tab Tap to cut text.

Managing Database Objects in the Objects Tab Tap to copy text.

Executing SQL Statements in the SQL Tab

Tap to paste text.

Managing SQL Scripts

To start a new SQL Server CE script file

● On the SQL menu, tap New. This clears all text from the SQL tab to start a new script file.

To open a SQL Server CE script file

● To open the most recent SQL Server CE script files that were previously accessed, tap the Tools menu, and then tap the file you want to open.

To save a SQL Server CE script file

● To save the current script file, on the SQL menu, tap Save. If the file already exists, the most recent version that appears in the SQL tab is saved in its current directory.

● If the script file is new, in the Save As dialog box, enter the appropriate information in the Name, Folder, Type, and Location boxes.

Saving Frequently Used SQL Statements for Editing and Reuse

To save SQL statements

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1. In the SQL tab, select the text you want to save, and then tap the preset button.

Tap to save an SQL statement.

To open a saved statement

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Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports two methods of connecting to and exchanging data with a Microsoft SQL Server
database: remote data access (RDA) and merge replication.

Topic Description
Up One Level Using Remote Data Access Provides background information about RDA.

Using Remote Data Access (RDA) Using Replication Provides background information about replication.

Using Replication

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SQL Server CE Books Online
Using Remote Data Access (RDA)

The following topics in this section provide information about using remote data access (RDA) in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server
CE).

Up One Level Topic Description

Introducing RDA
Introducing RDA Provides an overview of RDA, explains how RDA is used, and describes components of RDA.

Planning for RDA Provides background information about RDA, including data access, limitations, and conflict resolution.
Planning for RDA Implementing RDA Describes how to configure Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) and SQL Server to support RDA.

Implementing RDA
For information about writing programs that use RDA, see Remote Data Access (RDA). For troubleshooting information, see Troubleshooting.

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Introducing RDA

Remote data access (RDA) in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL
Server CE) provides a simple way for a Microsoft Windows CE-based application to access
(pull) data from a remote SQL Server database table and store that data in a local SQL
Server CE database table. The application can then read and update the local SQL Server CE
Up One Level database table. SQL Server CE can optionally track all changes that are made to the local
table. The application can later update (push) the changed records from the local table back
Typical Uses of RDA to the SQL Server table.

RDA Architecture
Windows CE-based applications can also use RDA to submit SQL statements to be executed
on a remote SQL Server database. For example, an application could submit SQL
statements that insert, update, or delete records to a remote SQL Server table. Applications
can invoke any SQL statement that does not return a recordset, including a stored
procedure on the remote system. RDA is appropriate when the full functionality of SQL
Server CE merge replication, such as conflict resolution, is not required.

SQL Server CE communicates with SQL Server through Microsoft Internet Information
Services (IIS). By connecting through IIS, RDA takes advantage of IIS authentication and
authorization services. SQL Server can be located behind a firewall or be accessed with
Microsoft Proxy Server. RDA can be performed over both local area networks (LANs) and
wide area networks (WANs).

RDA is well suited to wireless transports. Compression is used to reduce the amount of
transmitted data. Encryption can be used to safeguard sensitive user data during
transmission.

See Also

Planning for RDA

Implementing RDA

Remote Data Access (RDA)

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Typical Uses of RDA

An application running on a Microsoft® Windows® CE-based device can use remote data access (RDA) for:

● Downloading data.

An application can pull data from a database in Microsoft SQL Server™ to a database in Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE). For example, an application might download a
company employee directory, product price list, or product catalog to the Windows CE-based device.

● Capturing and uploading data.

An application can capture data that originates from user-entered forms, a GPS system, a bar code reader, or something similar. The application can store the captured data in a SQL Server CE database
on the device. Periodically, the application can push the captured data from the SQL Server CE database to a SQL Server database.

● Downloading, updating, and uploading data.

An application can pull data from a SQL Server database to a SQL Server CE database. The application can then update the SQL Server CE database. Periodically the application can push the changed data
from the SQL Server CE database to a SQL Server database.

● Submitting SQL statements.

An application can submit SQL statements to be executed on a remote SQL Server database. This is especially useful when the Windows CE-based device is always connected to the network.

An application can use these techniques in combination. For example, a sales support application might download a price list to a Windows CE-based
device as well as capture and upload new orders on the device. The application could also submit SQL statements directly to the SQL Server database.

See Also

Sample Applications

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Typical Uses of RDA

An application running on a Microsoft® Windows® CE-based device can use remote data
access (RDA) for:

Up One Level
Typical Uses of RDA ● Downloading data.

RDA Architecture An application can pull data from a database in Microsoft SQL Server™ to a database in Microsoft SQL Server 2000
Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE). For example, an application might download a company employee directory,
product price list, or product catalog to the Windows CE-based device.

● Capturing and uploading data.

An application can capture data that originates from user-entered forms, a GPS system, a bar code reader, or
something similar. The application can store the captured data in a SQL Server CE database on the device.
Periodically, the application can push the captured data from the SQL Server CE database to a SQL Server
database.

● Downloading, updating, and uploading data.

An application can pull data from a SQL Server database to a SQL Server CE database. The application can then
update the SQL Server CE database. Periodically the application can push the changed data from the SQL Server
CE database to a SQL Server database.

● Submitting SQL statements.

An application can submit SQL statements to be executed on a remote SQL Server database. This is especially
useful when the Windows CE-based device is always connected to the network.

An application can use these techniques in combination. For example, a sales support
application might download a price list to a Windows CE-based device as well as capture and
upload new orders on the device. The application could also submit SQL statements directly
to the SQL Server database.

See Also

Sample Applications

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RDA Architecture (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

RDA Architecture
Remote data access (RDA) uses the Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) Database Engine, SQL Server CE Client Agent, and SQL
Server CE Server Agent.

The following illustration shows how these components work together.

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RDA Architecture (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Database Engine

The SQL Server CE Database Engine manages the SQL Server data store on the Windows CE-based device. For pull operations that are tracked, the Database
Engine tracks all database records that are inserted, updated, or deleted by maintaining a small amount of change tracking information with each record. If indexes
exist on the SQL Server data, RDA also supports creating indexes on the local data.

SQL Server CE Client Agent

SQL Server CE Client Agent is the primary RDA component on the Windows CE-based device. It implements the RDA object interface. Applications call this interface
to programmatically control RDA. The following table describes the action the SQL Server CE Client takes in response to a call to an RDA object method.

Method Action
Pull Forwards the request to SQL Server CE Server Agent through HTTP. When SQL Server CE Client Agent receives the recordset back from SQL Server, it stores the recordset in the SQL
Server CE database.

Push Extracts all inserted, updated, and deleted records from the SQL Server CE database and sends them to SQL Server CE Server Agent through HTTP.

SubmitSQL Forwards the specified SQL request to SQL Server CE Server Agent through HTTP.

SQL Server CE Server Agent

SQL Server CE Server Agent is a component responsible for handling the HTTP requests made by SQL Server CE Client Agent.

Method Action
Pull Receives the request from SQL Server CE Client Agent, connects to SQL Server through the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server and invokes the client's SQL statement. SQL Server CE
Server Agent returns the resulting recordset to SQL Server CE Client Agent through HTTP. For more information, see Using the Pull Method.

Push Receives all the inserted, updated, and deleted records from SQL Server CE Client Agent, connects to SQL Server through OLE DB, and inserts, updates, or deletes the records in the
SQL Server database. If errors occur, SQL Server CE Server Agent reports the errors to the SQL Server CE Client Agent through HTTP. For more information, see Using the Push
Method.

SubmitSQL Receives the specified SQL request from SQL Server CE Client Agent through HTTP, connects to SQL Server through OLE DB and invokes the client's SQL statement. If errors occur,
SQL Server CE Server Agent reports the errors to SQL Server CE Client Agent through HTTP. For more information, see Using the SubmitSQL Method.

SQL Server CE Server Agent uses an internal .in and .out file to manage the exchange of data between SQL Server and SQL Server CE.

See Also

Client and Server Environments

Connectivity Solutions

RDA Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools

.NET Compact Framework Data Providers

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RDA Architecture
Remote data access (RDA) uses the Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) Database Engine, SQL Server CE Client Agent, and SQL
Server CE Server Agent.

Up One Level The following illustration shows how these components work together.
Typical Uses of RDA
RDA Architecture

SQL Server CE Database Engine

SQL Server CE Client Agent

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Push Extracts all inserted, updated, and deleted records from the SQL Server CE database and sends them to SQL Server CE Server Agent through HTTP.

SubmitSQL Forwards the specified SQL request to SQL Server CE Server Agent through HTTP.

SQL Server CE Server Agent

SQL Server CE Server Agent is a component responsible for handling the HTTP requests made by SQL Server CE Client Agent.

SQL Server CE Server Agent uses an internal .in and .out file to manage the exchange of data between SQL Server and SQL Server CE.

See Also

Client and Server Environments

Connectivity Solutions

RDA Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools

.NET Compact Framework Data Providers

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Planning for RDA

The following topics in this section provide background information to consider before
implementing remote data access (RDA) in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE
Edition (SQL Server CE). Information is provided about what data can be accessed through
RDA, as well as information regarding general limitations with RDA.
Up One Level
Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings ● Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings
RDA Limitations
RDA Limitations
●

● RDA Conflict Detection and Resolution

RDA Conflict Detection and Resolution

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Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings

The following tables show the data type mappings that are performed when remote data access (RDA) is used to access data in a Microsoft® SQL Server™
database.

SQL Server data type SQL Server CE data type

bigint (int 8) bigint (int 8)

binary (n) binary (n) or image

If the length of the data is 510 bytes or less, RDA maps the SQL Server binary data to the Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE)
binary. If the data is more than 510 bytes, RDA maps it to SQL Server CE image.
If the length of the image data exceeds the length of the binary column, pushing tracked data back to SQL Server fails.

bit bit

character national character or ntext

(synonym: If the length of the data is 255 characters or less, RDA maps the SQL Server character data to SQL Server CE national character. If the data is more than 255
char) characters, RDA maps it to SQL Server CE ntext.
If the length of the ntext data exceeds the length of the character column, pushing tracked data back to SQL Server fails.

character varying national character varying or ntext

(synonyms: If the length of the data is 255 characters or less, RDA maps the SQL Server character varying data to SQL Server CE national character varying. If the data is
char varying more than 255 characters, RDA maps it to SQL Server CE ntext.
varchar) If the length of the ntext data exceeds the length of the character varying column, pushing tracked data back to SQL Server fails.

datetime datetime

decimal See numeric.

double precision double precision

float float

image image

integer (int 4) integer (int 4)

(synonym:
int)

money money

national character national character

(synonyms: If the length of the data is 255 characters or less, RDA maps the SQL Server national character data to SQL Server CE national character. If the data is more
national character, than 255 characters, RDA maps it to SQL Server CE ntext.
nchar) If the length of the ntext data exceeds the length of the national character column, pushing tracked data back to SQL Server fails.

ntext ntext

numeric numeric
(synonyms:
decimal, dec)

national character varying national character varying

(synonyms: If the data length is 255 characters or less, RDA maps the SQL Server national character varying data to SQL Server CE national character varying. If the data
national char varying, nvarchar) is more than 255 characters, RDA maps it to SQL Server CE ntext.
If the length of the ntext data exceeds the length of the national character varying column, pushing tracked data back to SQL Server fails.

real real

smalldatetime datetime
If the precision of the datetime data exceeds the precision of the smalldatetime column, pushing tracked data back to SQL Server fails.

smallint (int 2) smallint (int 2)

smallmoney money
If the precision of the money data exceeds the precision of the smallmoney column, pushing tracked data back to SQL Server fails.

sql_variant Not supported

The Pull method fails if the recordset contains a column with the data type sql_variant.

text ntext
If the length of the text data exceeds 1,073,741,823 characters, pulling data from SQL Server fails.

timestamp Not supported

The Pull method fails if the recordset contains a timestamp column.

tinyint (int 1) tinyint (int 1)

uniqueidentifier uniqueidentifier

varbinary (n) varbinary (n) or image

If the length of the data is 510 bytes or less, RDA maps the SQL Server varbinary data to SQL Server CE varbinary. If the data is more than 510 bytes, RDA maps
it to SQL Server CE image.
If the length of the image data exceeds the length of the varbinary column, pushing tracked data back to SQL Server fails.

Using Data Types

When possible, choose data types that are supported by both SQL Server and SQL Server CE. As a result, RDA does not have to perform data mapping. When this
is not possible, your application should validate the values stored in SQL Server CE to ensure that RDA can map these values between SQL Server and SQL Server
CE.

You cannot pull data from a table having a primary key of type char, nchar, varchar, or nvarchar with length greater than 255 characters. These column types
are mapped to ntext, and a primary key cannot be created on an ntext column.

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Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings

The following tables show the data type mappings that are performed when remote data access (RDA) is used to access data in a Microsoft® SQL Server™
database.

Up One Level SQL Server data type SQL Server CE data type

Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings bigint (int 8) bigint (int 8)

binary (n) binary (n) or image

RDA Limitations If the length of the data is 510 bytes or less, RDA maps the SQL Server binary data to the Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE)
binary. If the data is more than 510 bytes, RDA maps it to SQL Server CE image.
If the length of the image data exceeds the length of the binary column, pushing tracked data back to SQL Server fails.
RDA Conflict Detection and Resolution bit bit

character national character or ntext

character varying national character varying or ntext

datetime datetime

decimal See numeric.

double precision double precision

float float

image image

integer (int 4) integer (int 4)

(synonym:
int)

money money

national character national character

ntext ntext

numeric numeric
(synonyms:
decimal, dec)

national character varying national character varying

real real

smalldatetime datetime
If the precision of the datetime data exceeds the precision of the smalldatetime column, pushing tracked data back to SQL Server fails.

smallint (int 2) smallint (int 2)

smallmoney money
If the precision of the money data exceeds the precision of the smallmoney column, pushing tracked data back to SQL Server fails.

sql_variant Not supported

The Pull method fails if the recordset contains a column with the data type sql_variant.

text ntext
If the length of the text data exceeds 1,073,741,823 characters, pulling data from SQL Server fails.

timestamp Not supported

The Pull method fails if the recordset contains a timestamp column.

tinyint (int 1) tinyint (int 1)

uniqueidentifier uniqueidentifier

varbinary (n) varbinary (n) or image

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Using Data Types

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RDA Limitations (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

RDA Limitations
Remote data access (RDA) in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) has the following limitations:

● Case sensitivity

SQL Server CE databases are not case-sensitive.

● ROWGUID

When using RDA to pull data from a table in SQL Server that also participates in replication on the server, you must exclude the system column with the ROWGUIDCOL attribute. By default, the name of
this column is RowGuid.

For example, for the SQLSelectString parameter in the Pull method, use SELECT CompanyName, ContactName FROM Customers instead of SELECT * FROM Customers.

● Triggers

SQL Server CE does not support triggers; however, triggers can reside on the SQL Server table from which RDA pulled data. For tracked tables, the SQL Server triggers can be executed when changes are
pushed back to SQL Server. It might be necessary to specify SET NOCOUNT ON in the trigger logic. This indicates not to return the number of rows affected, because a response of no rows affected results
in an error for the RDA push method.

● Tables and columns

For tracked tables, the number of columns available = 253 (255 - 2 system columns). SQL Server CE allocates two system columns: S_BinaryKey and S_Operation. These columns are protected and
used for tracked RDA tables.

● Computed columns

Not supported. The Pull method fails if the recordset contains computed columns.

Schema Limitations

SQL Server CE is capable of tracking changes to the resulting SQL Server CE table. By specifying the appropriate tracking option, SQL Server CE tracks all
inserts, updates, and deletes made to the local SQL Server CE table. The application can then call the Push method to propagate these changes back to
the original SQL Server table.

RDA tracked Pull and Push methods use optimistic concurrency control. SQL Server does not keep pulled records locked. When the application calls
Push, the changes made to the local SQL Server CE database are unconditionally applied to the SQL Server database. This may cause changes made by
other users of the SQL Server database to be lost.

You should use tracked Pull and Push methods when the records you are updating are logically partitioned and conflicts are unlikely. For example,
tracked Pull and Push methods might be used in a field service application which tracks each technician who has a unique list of service calls.

You can make the following schema changes to a SQL Server CE table created with a tracked Pull:

● Change the seed or increment of the identity column

● Add or drop DEFAULT constraints
● Add or drop foreign keys
● Add or drop indexes
● Drop the table

You cannot make any of the following schema changes to a SQL Server table while a tracked Pull is still processing. To make these SQL Server table
schema changes, you must drop the SQL Server CE table and repull the changed SQL Server table:

● Add, drop, or rename columns

● Rename the table
● Drop a primary key
● Alter a data type definition

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RDA Limitations
Remote data access (RDA) in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL
Server CE) has the following limitations:

Up One Level
Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings ● Case sensitivity

RDA Limitations SQL Server CE databases are not case-sensitive.

RDA Conflict Detection and Resolution ● ROWGUID

When using RDA to pull data from a table in SQL Server that also participates in replication on the server, you
must exclude the system column with the ROWGUIDCOL attribute. By default, the name of this column is
RowGuid.

For example, for the SQLSelectString parameter in the Pull method, use SELECT CompanyName, ContactName
FROM Customers instead of SELECT * FROM Customers.

● Triggers

SQL Server CE does not support triggers; however, triggers can reside on the SQL Server table from which RDA
pulled data. For tracked tables, the SQL Server triggers can be executed when changes are pushed back to SQL
Server. It might be necessary to specify SET NOCOUNT ON in the trigger logic. This indicates not to return the
number of rows affected, because a response of no rows affected results in an error for the RDA push method.

● Tables and columns

For tracked tables, the number of columns available = 253 (255 - 2 system columns). SQL Server CE allocates two
system columns: S_BinaryKey and S_Operation. These columns are protected and used for tracked RDA tables.

● Computed columns

Not supported. The Pull method fails if the recordset contains computed columns.

Schema Limitations

SQL Server CE is capable of tracking changes to the resulting SQL Server CE table. By
specifying the appropriate tracking option, SQL Server CE tracks all inserts, updates, and
deletes made to the local SQL Server CE table. The application can then call the Push
method to propagate these changes back to the original SQL Server table.

RDA tracked Pull and Push methods use optimistic concurrency control. SQL Server does
not keep pulled records locked. When the application calls Push, the changes made to the
local SQL Server CE database are unconditionally applied to the SQL Server database. This
may cause changes made by other users of the SQL Server database to be lost.

You should use tracked Pull and Push methods when the records you are updating are
logically partitioned and conflicts are unlikely. For example, tracked Pull and Push methods
might be used in a field service application which tracks each technician who has a unique
list of service calls.

You can make the following schema changes to a SQL Server CE table created with a
tracked Pull:

● Change the seed or increment of the identity column

● Add or drop DEFAULT constraints
● Add or drop foreign keys
● Add or drop indexes
● Drop the table

You cannot make any of the following schema changes to a SQL Server table while a
tracked Pull is still processing. To make these SQL Server table schema changes, you must
drop the SQL Server CE table and repull the changed SQL Server table:

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● Add, drop, or rename columns

● Rename the table
● Drop a primary key
● Alter a data type definition

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RDA Conflict Detection and Resolution (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

RDA Conflict Detection and Resolution

Remote data access (RDA) in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) provides a limited conflict mechanism to resolve
conflicts during a push operation.

Important Conflicting rows in RDA are strictly defined as insert, update, or delete operations, which fail due to an error when
pushed to the SQL Server table. Changes to data by different users are not considered a conflict if they do not result in error.

Although RDA does not provide a specific resolver as replication does, SQL Server CE provides an error table that captures all conflicting rows. You can
specify the error table as part of the Pull method. Using the error table, you can develop Microsoft Windows CE-based applications to manage conflict
detection and resolution.

In SQL Server CE RDA, a conflict exists when a row cannot be pushed up to SQL Server. SQL Server CE supports only row-level tracking; therefore, some
rows succeed and others fail depending on what options are selected in a Push method.

Nonbatch Transactions

During nonbatch transactions (BATCHINGOFF option), conflicts are detected at the row level. The conflicting row is returned to the application and stored
in a specified error table. For example, if the application attempts to push a row to SQL Server that is not valid, that row is returned to the application and
stored in the error table along with an error message indicating the conflict.

When a conflicting row is returned to the error table, that row is removed from the original Windows CE-based database. You must design the application
to allow the user to correct the conflicting data and merge the conflicting data back into the original Windows CE-based database.

Batch Transactions

RDA also supports a batch push (BATCHINGON option) that requires all rows to succeed for the entire push to process. If one row fails, the entire push
transaction fails and no data is updated. The conflicting row(s) is copied to the error table. Unlike the nonbatched push, the original Windows CE-based
database is kept intact. You must design the application to allow the user to correct the conflicting data and merge it back into the original Windows CE-
based database. The error table is automatically cleaned before a conflicting row is copied so only the conflicts from the last push operation exist in the
table.

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RDA Conflict Detection and

Resolution
Up One Level Remote data access (RDA) in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL
Server CE) provides a limited conflict mechanism to resolve conflicts during a push
Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings operation.

RDA Limitations
RDA Conflict Detection and Resolution Important Conflicting rows in RDA are strictly defined as insert,
update, or delete operations, which fail due to an error when pushed
to the SQL Server table. Changes to data by different users are not
considered a conflict if they do not result in error.

Although RDA does not provide a specific resolver as replication does, SQL Server CE
provides an error table that captures all conflicting rows. You can specify the error table as
part of the Pull method. Using the error table, you can develop Microsoft Windows CE-
based applications to manage conflict detection and resolution.

In SQL Server CE RDA, a conflict exists when a row cannot be pushed up to SQL Server.
SQL Server CE supports only row-level tracking; therefore, some rows succeed and others
fail depending on what options are selected in a Push method.

Nonbatch Transactions

During nonbatch transactions (BATCHINGOFF option), conflicts are detected at the row
level. The conflicting row is returned to the application and stored in a specified error table.
For example, if the application attempts to push a row to SQL Server that is not valid, that
row is returned to the application and stored in the error table along with an error message
indicating the conflict.

When a conflicting row is returned to the error table, that row is removed from the original
Windows CE-based database. You must design the application to allow the user to correct
the conflicting data and merge the conflicting data back into the original Windows CE-based
database.

Batch Transactions

RDA also supports a batch push (BATCHINGON option) that requires all rows to succeed for
the entire push to process. If one row fails, the entire push transaction fails and no data is
updated. The conflicting row(s) is copied to the error table. Unlike the nonbatched push, the
original Windows CE-based database is kept intact. You must design the application to allow
the user to correct the conflicting data and merge it back into the original Windows CE-
based database. The error table is automatically cleaned before a conflicting row is copied
so only the conflicts from the last push operation exist in the table.

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Implementing RDA (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Implementing RDA

To implement remote data access in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), in addition to following the general installation and
connectivity requirements, you must configure SQL Server with the appropriate access rights.

Configuring RDA Database Access

You must grant database access based on how Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) and SQL Server authentication are configured.

To configure the database access option

1. Start SQL Server Enterprise Manager. In the left pane, expand Microsoft SQL Servers, SQL Server Group, the computer containing the publication, Security, and then click Logins.
2. In the right pane, right-click the user ID that is requiring access to the database and click Properties. The user ID depends on how IIS and SQL Server Authentication are configured.

IIS authentication mode SQL Server authentication mode Must grant database access to
Anonymous access Integrated Windows authentication computername\IUSR_computername or the configured IIS anonymous user account.

Basic authentication Integrated Windows authentication The IIS client's user or group.

Integrated Windows authentication Integrated Windows authentication The IIS client's user or group. (This configuration is supported only if SQL Server and IIS are
running on the same computer.)

Anonymous access, Basic authentication, or Integrated SQL Server authentication The user specified in the SQL Server OLEDBConnectionString parameter of the Pull, Push,
Windows authentication or SubmitSQL method in the RDA object.

3. Click the Database Access tab.

4. Select the Permit check box for the database.
5. To close SQL Server Login Properties, click OK, and then close SQL Server Enterprise Manager.

See Also

Installing SQL Server CE

Configuring Security for Connectivity

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Up One Level
Configuring RDA Database Access
Introducing RDA
You must grant database access based on how Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) and SQL Server authentication are configured.
Planning for RDA
Implementing RDA
To configure the database access option

Basic authentication Integrated Windows authentication The IIS client's user or group.

Integrated Windows authentication Integrated Windows authentication The IIS client's user or group. (This configuration is supported only if SQL Server and IIS are
running on the same computer.)

3. Click the Database Access tab.

4. Select the Permit check box for the database.
5. To close SQL Server Login Properties, click OK, and then close SQL Server Enterprise Manager.

See Also

Installing SQL Server CE

Configuring Security for Connectivity

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SQL Server CE Books Online
Using Replication

The following topics in this section provide information about using replication in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).

Topic Description
Up One Level Introducing Replication Provides an overview of SQL Server CE replication. This topic explains how replication is used and describes the components of SQL Server CE
replication.
Introducing Replication Planning for Replication Provides background information about SQL Server CE replication including data access, limitations, and conflict resolution.

Planning for Replication Implementing Replication Describes how you can configure SQL Server to support SQL Server CE replication.

Implementing Replication
For information about writing programs that use replication, see Replication. For information about problems you may encounter and ways to resolve them, see
Troubleshooting.

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Introducing Replication

Replication in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) is
based on Microsoft SQL Server 2000 merge replication. Merge replication is ideally suited to
portable devices because it allows data to be updated autonomously on the portable device
and the server. The data can later be merged when the device is connected to an instance
Up One Level of SQL Server.

Typical Uses of Replication

In SQL Server CE, replication is message-based. SQL Server CE synchronizes with SQL
Replication Architecture Server by establishing an HTTP connection to the SQL Server Publisher through Microsoft
Internet Information Services (IIS). By connecting through IIS, replication takes advantage
How Replication Works of IIS authentication and authorization services. You can locate the Publisher behind a
firewall or provide access to it using Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration Server
2000. Replication can be performed over local area networks (LANs) and wide area
networks (WANs). Using Microsoft ActiveSync®, you can communicate with SQL Server
through the desktop computer's network connection, eliminating the requirement for the
Windows CE-based device to have a network card or modem. For more information, see
Using SQL Server CE Relay with an ActiveSync System.

The replication communication protocol is designed for wireless transports. The protocol
uses compression to reduce the amount of transmitted data, and supports the use of
encryption to safeguard sensitive user data during transmission. Following a communication
failure, transmission resumes from the last successfully transmitted message buffer.

SQL Server CE replication offers row and column filtering, which enable you to define and
maintain subsets of data that can be published to different sites. Row filtering can be used
to publish a subset of rows in a published table. For example, in a service organization, each
service representative may only need to receive the customer records for the accounts they
service. Column filtering can be used to publish a subset of columns in a published table.
For example, a column filter can be used to eliminate large text or image columns that you
may not want to publish to a Windows CE-based device.

Row and column filtering can be used on the same article within a publication. You can use
filtering to specify the data that is published to each Windows CE-based device. For more
information, see "Filtering Published Data" in SQL Server Books Online.

See Also

Planning for Replication

Implementing Replication

Replication

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Troubleshooting

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Typical Uses of Replication (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Typical Uses of Replication

An application based on Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) can use replication for:

● Downloading data.

An application running on the Microsoft Windows CE-based device can subscribe to a SQL Server publication. This causes the subscription to be downloaded to a SQL Server CE database on the device. For
example, an application might subscribe to a company employee directory, a product price list, or a product catalog.

● Capturing and uploading data.

An application running on the Windows CE-based device can subscribe to a SQL Server publication and download only schema files for the articles in the publication, rather than downloading the schema
and the data. The application can capture data that originates from user-entered forms, a GPS system, a bar code reader, or something similar and store the captured data in a SQL Server CE database on
the device. Periodically the application can initiate replication synchronization to transfer the captured data from the SQL Server CE database to the Publisher. From the Publisher, the data can be
propagated to other Subscribers.

● Downloading, updating, and uploading data.

An application running on the Windows CE-based device can subscribe to a SQL Server publication. This causes the subscription to be downloaded to a SQL Server CE database on the device. The
application can then update the SQL Server CE database. Periodically the application can initiate replication synchronization. During synchronization, the updates made to the subscription are sent to the
Publisher, where they are merged into the publication database. Similarly, changes made at the Publisher since the initial download or most recent merge are sent to the Windows CE-based device, where
they are merged into the subscription database. These periodic merge operations keep the data on the server and the Windows CE-based device synchronized.

Applications can use these techniques in combination. For example, a sales support application downloads data to publish a price list to a Windows CE-
based device. The application captures new orders on the device. These orders are then sent to the Publisher on the computer running SQL Server. The
application also downloads customer information to the Windows CE-based device. The customer information is updated on the device, and the resulting
changes are uploaded back to the Publisher.

See Also

Sample Applications

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Typical Uses of Replication

An application based on Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server
CE) can use replication for:

Up One Level
Typical Uses of Replication ● Downloading data.

Replication Architecture An application running on the Microsoft Windows CE-based device can subscribe to a SQL Server publication. This

How Replication Works

causes the subscription to be downloaded to a SQL Server CE database on the device. For example, an application
might subscribe to a company employee directory, a product price list, or a product catalog.

● Capturing and uploading data.

An application running on the Windows CE-based device can subscribe to a SQL Server publication and download
only schema files for the articles in the publication, rather than downloading the schema and the data. The
application can capture data that originates from user-entered forms, a GPS system, a bar code reader, or
something similar and store the captured data in a SQL Server CE database on the device. Periodically the
application can initiate replication synchronization to transfer the captured data from the SQL Server CE database
to the Publisher. From the Publisher, the data can be propagated to other Subscribers.

● Downloading, updating, and uploading data.

An application running on the Windows CE-based device can subscribe to a SQL Server publication. This causes the
subscription to be downloaded to a SQL Server CE database on the device. The application can then update the
SQL Server CE database. Periodically the application can initiate replication synchronization. During
synchronization, the updates made to the subscription are sent to the Publisher, where they are merged into the
publication database. Similarly, changes made at the Publisher since the initial download or most recent merge are
sent to the Windows CE-based device, where they are merged into the subscription database. These periodic
merge operations keep the data on the server and the Windows CE-based device synchronized.

Applications can use these techniques in combination. For example, a sales support
application downloads data to publish a price list to a Windows CE-based device. The
application captures new orders on the device. These orders are then sent to the Publisher
on the computer running SQL Server. The application also downloads customer information
to the Windows CE-based device. The customer information is updated on the device, and
the resulting changes are uploaded back to the Publisher.

See Also

Sample Applications

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Replication Architecture (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Replication Architecture
Replication uses the following components in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE):

● SQL Server CE Database Engine

● SQL Server CE Client Agent
● SQL Server CE Server Agent
● SQL Server CE Replication Provider

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Replication Architecture (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Database Engine

The SQL Server CE Database Engine manages the local database on the Windows CE-based device. For subscription databases, the SQL Server CE
Database Engine tracks all database records that are inserted, updated, or deleted by maintaining a small amount of change tracking information with
each record.

SQL Server CE Client Agent

The SQL Server CE Client Agent is the primary SQL Server CE replication component on the Windows CE-based device. The SQL Server CE Client Agent
implements the SQL Server CE Replication object interface. Applications call this interface to programmatically control replication.

SQL Server CE Server Agent

The SQL Server CE Server Agent is the component responsible for managing the communication between an instance of SQL Server and SQL Server CE.
The SQL Server CE Server Agent handles the HTTP requests made by SQL Server CE Client Agent.

SQL Server Reconciler and SQL Server CE Replication Provider

The SQL Server Reconciler invokes the SQL Server CE Replication Provider when synchronization is performed. Both the SQL Server Reconciler and SQL
Server CE Replication Provider reside on the computer running IIS (on which SQL Server CE Server Tools is installed). When the SQL Server CE Server
Agent starts the SQL Server Reconciler, a Merge Agent at the Publisher is associated with each subscription.

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MSDN Library Go Windows CE Edition > Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 > Managing Connectivity > Using Replication >
Introducing Replication
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SQL Server CE Books Online

Replication Architecture
Replication uses the following components in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE):

Up One Level ● SQL Server CE Database Engine

Typical Uses of Replication

● SQL Server CE Client Agent
● SQL Server CE Server Agent
● SQL Server CE Replication Provider

Replication Architecture
How Replication Works

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SQL Server CE Database Engine

The SQL Server CE Database Engine manages the local database on the Windows CE-based device. For subscription
databases, the SQL Server CE Database Engine tracks all database records that are inserted, updated, or deleted by
maintaining a small amount of change tracking information with each record.

SQL Server CE Client Agent

The SQL Server CE Client Agent is the primary SQL Server CE replication component on the Windows CE-based device.
The SQL Server CE Client Agent implements the SQL Server CE Replication object interface. Applications call this
interface to programmatically control replication.

SQL Server CE Server Agent

The SQL Server CE Server Agent is the component responsible for managing the communication between an instance of
SQL Server and SQL Server CE. The SQL Server CE Server Agent handles the HTTP requests made by SQL Server CE
Client Agent.

SQL Server Reconciler and SQL Server CE Replication Provider

The SQL Server Reconciler invokes the SQL Server CE Replication Provider when synchronization is performed. Both the
SQL Server Reconciler and SQL Server CE Replication Provider reside on the computer running IIS (on which SQL
Server CE Server Tools is installed). When the SQL Server CE Server Agent starts the SQL Server Reconciler, a Merge
Agent at the Publisher is associated with each subscription.

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How Replication Works (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

How Replication Works

SQL Server CE merge replication uses this process:

1. Data is published.

You create a publication containing SQL Server data that will be published to other sites, including Microsoft Windows CE-based devices running SQL Server CE. (A publication is a collection of articles. An
article is a table that is enabled for replication.)

2. Subscriptions to the publications are created.

A Windows CE-based application subscribes to the publication by using the SQL Server CE Replication object with Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools or the SqlCeReplication class with the .NET Compact
Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE. When the subscription is created, the initial snapshot is downloaded from the Distributor to create the subscription database on the Windows CE-based device.

3. Data at the Subscriber is updated.

The subscription database on the Windows CE-based device is updated by applications running on that device.

4. Data is synchronized.

Periodically, updates made at the Subscriber are sent to the Publisher and merged with updates made at the Publisher and updates propagated to the Publisher from other Subscribers. Similarly, changes
made at the Publisher and other Subscribers since the initial download or the most recent merge are sent to the Windows CE-based device, where they are merged into the subscription database.

Publishing Data

Publications specify the data that is published. Publications are tailored to different users or groups of users. In some cases, all users need exactly the
same data. For example, every employee might need a copy of the company employee directory. In other cases, different groups of users need different
partitions of data. For example, sales representatives might need one set of data, and customer support technicians need a different set of data.
Individuals might also need data specifically filtered for them. For example, a sales representative might need the data for his or her own customer
accounts.

You can create a publication and specify which articles it contains. Although SQL Server publications may contain other database objects, such as stored
procedures, views, and user-defined functions, SQL Server CE replication ignores these objects and only includes tables in the SQL Server CE subscription.
You specify which of the table rows and columns are included in the article. For more information, see "Replication" in SQL Server Books Online.

Subscribing to Publications

After you define the publication, a Windows CE-based application can subscribe to it by calling the methods exposed by the SQL Server CE Replication
object or the SqlCeReplication class on the Windows CE-based device. When the subscription is created, the initial snapshot from the Distributor is
applied at the subscription database on the Subscriber.

Updating Data at the Subscriber

Windows CE-based applications can update the subscription database. Merge replication allows each subscription database to be updated autonomously.
Updates can occur whether or not the Windows CE-based device is connected to the network and to the Publisher. Each SQL Server CE database uses
change tracking to keep track of INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements made at the SQL Server CE Subscriber.

Synchronizing Data

Typically, users periodically connect the Windows CE-based device to the network. This allows the Windows CE-based application to synchronize changes
made at the Subscriber with changes made at the Publisher. The Windows CE-based application initiates synchronization by calling the synchronization
methods exposed by the Replication object or the SqlCeReplication class. Synchronization is a four-step process:

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How Replication Works (SQL Server CE Books Online)

1. Extract changes and create the input message file.

The SQL Server CE Client Agent extracts all inserted, updated, and deleted records from the subscription database at the SQL Server CE Subscriber and propagates them to the SQL Server CE Server
Agent through HTTP. The SQL Server CE Server Agent creates a new input message file on the computer running Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) and writes into that file the insert, update,
and delete changes sent by the SQL Server CE Client Agent.

2. Run the SQL Server Reconciler process and apply changes to the publication database.

When all requests have been written to the input message file, the SQL Server CE Server Agent initiates the SQL Server Reconciler. The SQL Server Reconciler loads the SQL Server CE Replication
Provider, which reads the input message file and informs the SQL Server Reconciler of changes made to the SQL Server CE subscription database that must be applied to the publication database at the
Publisher. During processing, the SQL Server Reconciler detects and resolves conflicts; a conflict occurs when more than one Subscriber or Publisher updates the same record.

Note The SQL Server Reconciler resolves conflicts with conflict resolvers. Use the conflict resolvers provided with SQL Server to implement simple forms of conflict
resolution for your SQL Server CE replication applications or write conflict resolvers to implement more sophisticated solutions. For more information, see "Merge
Replication Conflict Detection and Resolution" in SQL Server Books Online.

3. Create the output message file.

The SQL Server Reconciler informs the SQL Server CE Replication Provider of changes made at the Publisher that must be applied to the subscription database on the Windows CE-based device. The SQL
Server CE Replication Provider writes these changes to an output message file it creates on the computer running IIS.

Note The SQL Server CE Client Agent processes both the input and output message files in logical blocks as it reads from or applies changes to the subscription database
on the Windows CE-based device. By processing each message file in this way, the SQL Server CE Client Agent avoids writing the entire message file on the Windows CE-
based device, conserving storage space.

4. Read the output message file and apply changes to the SQL Server CE subscription database.

When the SQL Server Reconciler process is complete, the SQL Server CE Server Agent locates the output message file created by the SQL Server CE Replication Provider. This file contains the changes that
have occurred at the Publisher and that must be applied to the subscription database on the Windows CE-based device. The SQL Server CE Server Agent reads the output message file and transmits it to
the SQL Server CE Client Agent on the Windows CE-based device. The SQL Server CE Client Agent applies the changes from the output message file to the SQL Server CE subscription database.

After the SQL Server CE Client Agent has incorporated all changes into the subscription database on the Windows CE-based device and conflicts (if any)
have been resolved, the publication and subscription databases are synchronized and data is converged. However, before data values would be identical at
the Publisher and at the Subscribers (because updates can occur continuously), you would need to stop all updates and then run several merges

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SQL Server CE Books Online

How Replication Works

This topic provides a general description about how merge replication in Microsoft® SQL
Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) works. For detailed information about
merge replication, see SQL Server Books Online.
Up One Level
Typical Uses of Replication SQL Server CE merge replication uses this process:
Replication Architecture
How Replication Works 1. Data is published.

You create a publication containing SQL Server data that will be published to other sites, including Microsoft
Windows CE-based devices running SQL Server CE. (A publication is a collection of articles. An article is a table that
is enabled for replication.)

2. Subscriptions to the publications are created.

A Windows CE-based application subscribes to the publication by using the SQL Server CE Replication object with
Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools or the SqlCeReplication class with the .NET Compact Framework Data Provider
for SQL Server CE. When the subscription is created, the initial snapshot is downloaded from the Distributor to
create the subscription database on the Windows CE-based device.

3. Data at the Subscriber is updated.

The subscription database on the Windows CE-based device is updated by applications running on that device.

4. Data is synchronized.

Periodically, updates made at the Subscriber are sent to the Publisher and merged with updates made at the
Publisher and updates propagated to the Publisher from other Subscribers. Similarly, changes made at the
Publisher and other Subscribers since the initial download or the most recent merge are sent to the Windows CE-
based device, where they are merged into the subscription database.

Publishing Data

Publications specify the data that is published. Publications are tailored to different users or
groups of users. In some cases, all users need exactly the same data. For example, every
employee might need a copy of the company employee directory. In other cases, different
groups of users need different partitions of data. For example, sales representatives might
need one set of data, and customer support technicians need a different set of data.
Individuals might also need data specifically filtered for them. For example, a sales
representative might need the data for his or her own customer accounts.

You can create a publication and specify which articles it contains. Although SQL Server
publications may contain other database objects, such as stored procedures, views, and
user-defined functions, SQL Server CE replication ignores these objects and only includes
tables in the SQL Server CE subscription. You specify which of the table rows and columns
are included in the article. For more information, see "Replication" in SQL Server Books
Online.

Subscribing to Publications

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After you define the publication, a Windows CE-based application can subscribe to it by
calling the methods exposed by the SQL Server CE Replication object or the
SqlCeReplication class on the Windows CE-based device. When the subscription is
created, the initial snapshot from the Distributor is applied at the subscription database on
the Subscriber.

Updating Data at the Subscriber

Windows CE-based applications can update the subscription database. Merge replication
allows each subscription database to be updated autonomously. Updates can occur whether
or not the Windows CE-based device is connected to the network and to the Publisher. Each
SQL Server CE database uses change tracking to keep track of INSERT, UPDATE, and
DELETE statements made at the SQL Server CE Subscriber.

Synchronizing Data

Typically, users periodically connect the Windows CE-based device to the network. This
allows the Windows CE-based application to synchronize changes made at the Subscriber
with changes made at the Publisher. The Windows CE-based application initiates
synchronization by calling the synchronization methods exposed by the Replication object or
the SqlCeReplication class. Synchronization is a four-step process:

1. Extract changes and create the input message file.

The SQL Server CE Client Agent extracts all inserted, updated, and deleted records from the subscription database
at the SQL Server CE Subscriber and propagates them to the SQL Server CE Server Agent through HTTP. The SQL
Server CE Server Agent creates a new input message file on the computer running Microsoft Internet Information
Services (IIS) and writes into that file the insert, update, and delete changes sent by the SQL Server CE Client
Agent.

2. Run the SQL Server Reconciler process and apply changes to the publication database.

When all requests have been written to the input message file, the SQL Server CE Server Agent initiates the SQL
Server Reconciler. The SQL Server Reconciler loads the SQL Server CE Replication Provider, which reads the input
message file and informs the SQL Server Reconciler of changes made to the SQL Server CE subscription database
that must be applied to the publication database at the Publisher. During processing, the SQL Server Reconciler
detects and resolves conflicts; a conflict occurs when more than one Subscriber or Publisher updates the same
record.

Note The SQL Server Reconciler resolves conflicts with conflict resolvers. Use the
conflict resolvers provided with SQL Server to implement simple forms of conflict
resolution for your SQL Server CE replication applications or write conflict
resolvers to implement more sophisticated solutions. For more information, see
"Merge Replication Conflict Detection and Resolution" in SQL Server Books Online.

3. Create the output message file.

The SQL Server Reconciler informs the SQL Server CE Replication Provider of changes made at the Publisher that
must be applied to the subscription database on the Windows CE-based device. The SQL Server CE Replication
Provider writes these changes to an output message file it creates on the computer running IIS.

Note The SQL Server CE Client Agent processes both the input and output
message files in logical blocks as it reads from or applies changes to the
subscription database on the Windows CE-based device. By processing each
message file in this way, the SQL Server CE Client Agent avoids writing the entire
message file on the Windows CE-based device, conserving storage space.

4. Read the output message file and apply changes to the SQL Server CE subscription database.

When the SQL Server Reconciler process is complete, the SQL Server CE Server Agent locates the output message
file created by the SQL Server CE Replication Provider. This file contains the changes that have occurred at the
Publisher and that must be applied to the subscription database on the Windows CE-based device. The SQL Server
CE Server Agent reads the output message file and transmits it to the SQL Server CE Client Agent on the Windows
CE-based device. The SQL Server CE Client Agent applies the changes from the output message file to the SQL
Server CE subscription database.

After the SQL Server CE Client Agent has incorporated all changes into the subscription
database on the Windows CE-based device and conflicts (if any) have been resolved, the
publication and subscription databases are synchronized and data is converged. However,
before data values would be identical at the Publisher and at the Subscribers (because
updates can occur continuously), you would need to stop all updates and then run several
merges

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Implementing Replication

The topics in this section describe the configuration requirements for using replication in
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE). The topics contain
procedures for performing configuration tasks; some procedures are optional, depending on
your requirements.
Up One Level
Creating the Publication To implement SQL Server CE replication, you must configure SQL Server. Configuring SQL
Server involves the following steps:
Securing the Publication
Configuring the Snapshot Folder
1. Creating the Publication
Checking the Status of the Snapshot Agent 2. Securing the Publication
3. Configuring the Snapshot Folder
4. Checking the Status of the Snapshot Agent

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Creating the Publication (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Creating the Publication

You create publications for Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) by using standard SQL Server replication tools and
techniques. The easiest way to create a publication is by using the Create Publication Wizard. For more information, see "Replication Wizards" in SQL
Server Books Online.

When you create a publication for SQL Server CE Subscribers by using the Create Publication Wizard, it is important to select the following options:

● On the Select Publication Type page, select Merge publication.

● On the Specify Subscriber Types page, select the Devices running SQL Server CE check box.

By selecting Devices running Windows CE, the following options are automatically configured for the publication:

● Support for anonymous subscriptions

● Character mode snapshot

If you use dynamic filters, SQL Server CE requires that you use the optimize synchronization option. Set this option by using either the Create Publication
Wizard or the stored procedure sp_addmergepublication. For more information about this and other SQL Server CE replication limitations, see
Replication Limitations.

If this is the first publication created for this server, the Create Publication Wizard prompts you to configure the snapshot folder location. The snapshot
folder holds the snapshot files that contain the schema and data for published tables. The SQL Server CE Replication Provider must be able to read these
snapshot files so it can download the files to the Windows CE-based device.

Note The snapshot folder location defaults to an administrative share (for example, C$); you should use an explicit share instead
of the default because the administrative share can be accessed only by an administrator account. For more information, see
Configuring an Explicit Snapshot Folder.

See Also

Securing the Publication

Configuring the Snapshot Folder

Checking the Status of the Snapshot Agent

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Creating the Publication

You create publications for Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL
Server CE) by using standard SQL Server replication tools and techniques. The easiest way
to create a publication is by using the Create Publication Wizard. For more information, see
Up One Level "Replication Wizards" in SQL Server Books Online.

Creating the Publication

Securing the Publication When you create a publication for SQL Server CE Subscribers by using the Create
Publication Wizard, it is important to select the following options:
Configuring the Snapshot Folder
Checking the Status of the Snapshot Agent ● On the Select Publication Type page, select Merge publication.
● On the Specify Subscriber Types page, select the Devices running SQL Server CE check box.

By selecting Devices running Windows CE, the following options are automatically
configured for the publication:

● Support for anonymous subscriptions

● Character mode snapshot

If you use dynamic filters, SQL Server CE requires that you use the optimize
synchronization option. Set this option by using either the Create Publication Wizard or the
stored procedure sp_addmergepublication. For more information about this and other
SQL Server CE replication limitations, see Replication Limitations.

If this is the first publication created for this server, the Create Publication Wizard prompts
you to configure the snapshot folder location. The snapshot folder holds the snapshot files
that contain the schema and data for published tables. The SQL Server CE Replication
Provider must be able to read these snapshot files so it can download the files to the
Windows CE-based device.

Note The snapshot folder location defaults to an administrative

share (for example, C$); you should use an explicit share instead of
the default because the administrative share can be accessed only by
an administrator account. For more information, see Configuring an
Explicit Snapshot Folder.

See Also

Securing the Publication

Configuring the Snapshot Folder

Checking the Status of the Snapshot Agent

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Securing the Publication

Securing the Microsoft® SQL Server™ publication involves the following steps:

Up One Level 1. Configuring Database Access

Configuring Database Access 2. Configuring the Publication Access List

3. Configuring the Check Permissions Option

Configuring the Publication Access List

Configuring the Check Permissions Option
See Also

Configuring Security for Connectivity

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Configuring Database Access (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Configuring Database Access

When you create a publication, Microsoft® SQL Server™ creates a publication access list (PAL) for the publication. The PAL is similar to an access control list (ACL). To
add a user to the publication access list, you must first grant database access based on how you configured Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) and SQL
Server authentication.

To configure the Database Access option

IIS authentication mode SQL Server authentication mode Must grant database access to
Anonymous access Windows authentication computername\IUSR_computername or the configured IIS anonymous user account.

Basic authentication Windows authentication The IIS client's user or group.

Integrated Windows authentication Windows authentication The IIS client's user or group. (This configuration is supported only if SQL Server and IIS are running on the
same computer.)

Anonymous, Basic, or Integrated Windows authentication SQL Server authentication The user specified in the DistributorLogin or PublisherLogin property of the Replication object.

4. Click the Database Access tab, and then select the Permit check box for the database.

See Also

Configuring the Publication Access List

Configuring the Check Permissions Option

Configuring Security for Connectivity

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Configuring Database Access

Up One Level To configure the Database Access option

Configuring Database Access

Configuring the Publication Access List 1. On the computer running SQL Server, start SQL Server Enterprise Manager: On the Start menu, point to Programs, Microsoft SQL Server, and then click Enterprise Manager.
2. In the console tree, expand Microsoft SQL Servers, SQL Server Group, the computer containing the publication, and Security; and then click Logins.

Configuring the Check Permissions Option 3. In the details pane, right-click the user ID under which the Merge Agent executes, and then click Properties. The user ID of the Merge Agent depends on how you configured IIS and SQL Server authentication.

Basic authentication Windows authentication The IIS client's user or group.

Integrated Windows authentication Windows authentication The IIS client's user or group. (This configuration is supported only if SQL Server and IIS are running on the
same computer.)

Anonymous, Basic, or Integrated Windows authentication SQL Server authentication The user specified in the DistributorLogin or PublisherLogin property of the Replication object.

4. Click the Database Access tab, and then select the Permit check box for the database.

See Also

Configuring the Publication Access List

Configuring the Check Permissions Option

Configuring Security for Connectivity

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Configuring the Publication Access List (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Configuring the Publication Access List

When you create a publication, Microsoft® SQL Server™ creates a publication access list (PAL) for the publication. The PAL is similar to an access control list (ACL). It
contains the list of logins that have been granted access to the publication. During synchronization, SQL Server checks the PAL for the Microsoft Internet Information
Services (IIS) user, in the case of Windows authentication, or the SQL Server login, in the case of SQL Server authentication.

By default, the PAL contains the members of the sysadmin fixed server role and the login of the user who created the publication. Expand or restrict access to a
publication by adding or deleting logins from the PAL. You must grant access to the publication based on how you configured IIS and SQL Server authentication.

To grant or revoke access to a publication

1. On the computer running SQL Server, start SQL Server Enterprise Manager: On the Start menu, point to Programs, Microsoft SQL Server, and then click Enterprise Manager.
2. In the console tree, expand Microsoft SQL Servers, SQL Server Group, the computer containing your publication, Databases, and the database you are publishing, and then click Publications.
3. Right-click the publication name, click Properties, and then click the Publication Access List tab.
4. Use the Add or Remove buttons to add or delete logins from the PAL. You must add the user to SQL Server before you can add the user to the PAL. For more information, see "Adding a Windows NT User or Group" in SQL
Server Books Online.

IIS authentication mode SQL Server authentication mode The PAL must grant access to
Anonymous access Windows authentication computername\IUSR_computername or the configured IIS anonymous user account.

Basic authentication Windows authentication The IIS client's user or group.

Integrated Windows authentication Windows authentication The IIS client's user or group. (This configuration is only supported if SQL Server and IIS are running on the
same computer.)

Anonymous, Basic, or Integrated Windows authentication SQL Server authentication The users specified in the DistributorLogin and PublisherLogin properties of the Replication object.

Note If the Publisher and Distributor are on different computers, the new logins must exist in the PALs for both the Publisher and the
Distributor. If the IIS user, in the case of Windows authentication, or the SQL Server login, in the case of SQL Server authentication,
is not contained in the PAL, an Access Denied message is displayed at the Subscriber.

See Also

Configuring the Check Permissions Option

Configuring Database Access

Configuring Security for Connectivity

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Configuring the Publication Access List

Up One Level By default, the PAL contains the members of the sysadmin fixed server role and the login of the user who created the publication. Expand or restrict access to a
publication by adding or deleting logins from the PAL. You must grant access to the publication based on how you configured IIS and SQL Server authentication.
Configuring Database Access
Configuring the Publication Access List
To grant or revoke access to a publication
Configuring the Check Permissions Option
1. On the computer running SQL Server, start SQL Server Enterprise Manager: On the Start menu, point to Programs, Microsoft SQL Server, and then click Enterprise Manager.
2. In the console tree, expand Microsoft SQL Servers, SQL Server Group, the computer containing your publication, Databases, and the database you are publishing, and then click Publications.
3. Right-click the publication name, click Properties, and then click the Publication Access List tab.
4. Use the Add or Remove buttons to add or delete logins from the PAL. You must add the user to SQL Server before you can add the user to the PAL. For more information, see "Adding a Windows NT User or Group" in SQL
Server Books Online.

Basic authentication Windows authentication The IIS client's user or group.

Integrated Windows authentication Windows authentication The IIS client's user or group. (This configuration is only supported if SQL Server and IIS are running on the
same computer.)

Anonymous, Basic, or Integrated Windows authentication SQL Server authentication The users specified in the DistributorLogin and PublisherLogin properties of the Replication object.

See Also

Configuring the Check Permissions Option

Configuring Database Access

Configuring Security for Connectivity

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Configuring the Check Permissions Option (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Configuring the Check Permissions Option

Use the Check Permissions option to provide an enhanced level of security to your publication. The Check Permissions option ensures that the Merge
Agent has the authority to upload data changes to a Publisher. When you specify this option, Microsoft® SQL Server™ verifies that the Merge Agent login
has the permissions to perform INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements on the publication database.

Using Check Permissions is optional. When you specify Check Permissions, both Check Permissions validation and PAL verification are performed.

If you set the Check Permissions option after the initial snapshot has been generated, a new snapshot must be generated and reapplied at the
Subscriber for permissions to be validated when data changes are merged.

To configure the Check Permissions option

1. On the computer running SQL Server, start SQL Server Enterprise Manager: On the Start menu, point to Programs, Microsoft SQL Server, and then click Enterprise Manager.
2. In the console tree, expand Microsoft SQL Servers, SQL Server Group, the computer containing your publication, Databases, and the database you are publishing; and then click Publications.
3. Right-click your publication name, click Properties, and then click the Articles tab.
4. Click the properties button (...) for the published article you want to configure. This displays the Table Article Properties dialog box.
5. Click the Merging Changes tab.
6. Under Check permissions, you can select the INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE check boxes. When these boxes are selected, SQL Server verifies that the Merge Agent is running under a user identity that
has permission to insert, update, or delete data on the Publisher.

If you specify Check permissions, you must grant database access based on how you configured Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) and SQL
Server authentication. For more information, see Configuring Security for Connectivity.

See Also

Configuring Database Access

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Configuring the Check

Permissions Option
Up One Level Use the Check Permissions option to provide an enhanced level of security to your
publication. The Check Permissions option ensures that the Merge Agent has the authority
Configuring Database Access to upload data changes to a Publisher. When you specify this option, Microsoft® SQL
Server™ verifies that the Merge Agent login has the permissions to perform INSERT,
Configuring the Publication Access List UPDATE, and DELETE statements on the publication database.

Configuring the Check Permissions Option

Using Check Permissions is optional. When you specify Check Permissions, both Check
Permissions validation and PAL verification are performed.

If you set the Check Permissions option after the initial snapshot has been generated, a
new snapshot must be generated and reapplied at the Subscriber for permissions to be
validated when data changes are merged.

To configure the Check Permissions option

1. On the computer running SQL Server, start SQL Server Enterprise Manager: On the Start menu, point to
Programs, Microsoft SQL Server, and then click Enterprise Manager.
2. In the console tree, expand Microsoft SQL Servers, SQL Server Group, the computer containing your
publication, Databases, and the database you are publishing; and then click Publications.
3. Right-click your publication name, click Properties, and then click the Articles tab.
4. Click the properties button (...) for the published article you want to configure. This displays the Table Article
Properties dialog box.
5. Click the Merging Changes tab.
6. Under Check permissions, you can select the INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE check boxes. When these boxes
are selected, SQL Server verifies that the Merge Agent is running under a user identity that has permission to
insert, update, or delete data on the Publisher.

If you specify Check permissions, you must grant database access based on how you
configured Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) and SQL Server authentication. For
more information, see Configuring Security for Connectivity.

See Also

Configuring Database Access

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Configuring the Snapshot

Folder
Up One Level The snapshot folder holds the snapshot files containing the schema and data for published
tables. The SQL Server CE Replication Provider must be able to read these snapshot files to
Configuring the Default Snapshot Folder create the subscription on the Microsoft® Windows® CE-based device. You control access
to the snapshot folder by assigning file system access permissions to it.
Configuring an Explicit Snapshot Folder
When you assign Read permissions to the snapshot folder and share, remember that the
identity under which the SQL Server CE Replication Provider runs depends upon how
Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) authentication is configured:

● When IIS is configured to use Anonymous access, the SQL Server CE Replication Provider runs under the identity of
the default IIS anonymous user account (the Internet Guest Account: IUSR_computername). If you configure
another Windows user account as the IIS anonymous user account, the SQL Server CE Replication Provider runs
under the identity of that account.
● When IIS is configured to use Basic authentication, the SQL Server CE Replication Provider runs under the identity
of the Windows user account corresponding to the login and password supplied by the Subscriber for the
InternetLogin and InternetPassword properties of the Replication object.
● When IIS is configured to use Integrated Windows authentication, the SQL Server CE Replication Provider runs
under the identity of the Windows user account corresponding to the login and password supplied by the Subscriber
for the InternetLogin and InternetPassword properties of the Replication object. Unlike Basic authentication,
the login and password are never transmitted over the network with Integrated Windows authentication.

Whether IIS and the SQL Server Distributor are located on the same computer or different
computers, it is strongly recommended that you configure the snapshot folder as described
in Configuring an Explicit Snapshot Folder.

See Also

Configuring Security for Connectivity

InternetLogin Property (Replication)

InternetPassword Property (Replication)

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Configuring the Default Snapshot Folder (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Configuring the Default Snapshot Folder

If the snapshot folder is located on a FAT file system, configuring the folder is not necessary; proceed directly to Checking the Status of the Snapshot Agent.

Note It is recommended that you use an NTFS file system because it is more secure.

The default snapshot folder, also called the normal snapshot folder, resides on an administrative share (drive$) by default. It is recommended that you do not use the
default administrative share setting but instead create an explicit share for the default (normal) snapshot folder. For more information, see Configuring an Explicit
Snapshot Folder.

To secure the snapshot folder

1. On the computer running Microsoft® SQL Server™, start Windows® Explorer by double-clicking My Computer.
2. Locate the snapshot folder, right-click it, and then click Properties. The default location of the snapshot folder is C$\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\Mssql\Repldata\Unc.
3. Click the Security tab. (If the Security tab is not displayed, you are using a FAT file system and can skip this step.) Set the NTFS file system directory permissions as follows.

User Required permissions

Always grant the SQL Server Service account and SQL Server Agent Service account Full Control. Full Control

For IIS Anonymous access, grant computername\IUSR_computername or the configured Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) anonymous user account read permission. If Read
IIS and the SQL Server Distributor are located on different computers, you must configure the IIS anonymous user account as a domain user account and grant that user read
access. The default anonymous user computername\IUSR_computername cannot be used because it is a local account.

For IIS Basic or Integrated Windows authentication, grant the client's user or group read permission. Read

See Also

Checking the Status of the Snapshot Agent

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Configuring the Default Snapshot Folder

If the snapshot folder is located on a FAT file system, configuring the folder is not necessary; proceed directly to Checking the Status of the Snapshot Agent.

Note It is recommended that you use an NTFS file system because it is more secure.
Up One Level
Configuring the Default Snapshot Folder The default snapshot folder, also called the normal snapshot folder, resides on an administrative share (drive$) by default. It is recommended that you do not use the
Configuring an Explicit Snapshot Folder default administrative share setting but instead create an explicit share for the default (normal) snapshot folder. For more information, see Configuring an Explicit
Snapshot Folder.

To secure the snapshot folder

User Required permissions

Always grant the SQL Server Service account and SQL Server Agent Service account Full Control. Full Control

For IIS Basic or Integrated Windows authentication, grant the client's user or group read permission. Read

See Also

Checking the Status of the Snapshot Agent

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Configuring an Explicit Snapshot Folder (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Configuring an Explicit Snapshot Folder

Explicitly configuring the snapshot folder and share is recommended. This is necessary because Microsoft® SQL Server™ places the snapshot folder in the C$ share by
default. The C$ share is a special administrative-only share. You cannot grant rights to the C$ share, and only administrators on the computer can access it. You must
create and secure a nonadministrative network share for the snapshot folder so the Server SQL Server CE Replication Provider can read it remotely.

If you have already configured the Distributor using the administrative share, you must also change the location of the default snapshot folder after the new explicit
share is created.

To create and secure a nonadministrative network share

1. On the computer running SQL Server, start Microsoft Windows® Explorer by double-clicking My Computer. Create a new NTFS file system folder to contain the snapshot files. Place the folder on any drive you want and give
it any name you want.
2. Right-click the new folder, click Properties, and then click the Sharing tab.
3. Click Share this folder. In Share name, type any name you want. Optionally enter a comment describing the share.
4. To display the Share Permissions tab, click Permissions. Click the Add button to grant the following permissions to the share.

User Required permissions

Always grant the SQL Server Service account and SQL Server Agent Service account Full Control. Full Control

For IIS Anonymous access, you must configure the IIS anonymous user account as a domain user account and grant that user read permission. The default anonymous user Read
computername\IUSR_computername cannot be used because it is a local account.

For IIS Basic or Integrated Windows authentication, grant the client's user or group read permission. Read

5. To close the Share Permissions tab, click OK.

6. Click the Security tab. (If the Security tab is not displayed, you are using a FAT file system and can skip this step.) Set the same NTFS permissions as the permissions specified on the actual folder in Step 4, and then click
OK to close.

To change the location of the default snapshot folder

1. On the computer running SQL Server, start SQL Server Enterprise Manager: On the Start menu, point to Programs, Microsoft SQL Server, and then click Enterprise Manager.
2. In the console tree, expand Microsoft SQL Servers, SQL Server Group, and select the instance of SQL Server containing the publication.
3. With the appropriate instance of SQL Server selected, on the Tools menu, point to Replication, and then click Configuring Publishing, Subscribers, and Distribution.
4. Select the Publisher tab, and then click the properties (...) button.
5. Enter the new folder location where the snapshot files will be stored. This location is the new nonadministrative network share you just created.

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Configuring an Explicit Snapshot Folder

Up One Level If you have already configured the Distributor using the administrative share, you must also change the location of the default snapshot folder after the new explicit
share is created.
Configuring the Default Snapshot Folder
Configuring an Explicit Snapshot Folder
To create and secure a nonadministrative network share

User Required permissions

Always grant the SQL Server Service account and SQL Server Agent Service account Full Control. Full Control

For IIS Basic or Integrated Windows authentication, grant the client's user or group read permission. Read

5. To close the Share Permissions tab, click OK.

To change the location of the default snapshot folder

1. On the computer running SQL Server, start SQL Server Enterprise Manager: On the Start menu, point to Programs, Microsoft SQL Server, and then click Enterprise Manager.
2. In the console tree, expand Microsoft SQL Servers, SQL Server Group, and select the instance of SQL Server containing the publication.
3. With the appropriate instance of SQL Server selected, on the Tools menu, point to Replication, and then click Configuring Publishing, Subscribers, and Distribution.
4. Select the Publisher tab, and then click the properties (...) button.
5. Enter the new folder location where the snapshot files will be stored. This location is the new nonadministrative network share you just created.

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Checking the Status of the Snapshot Agent (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Checking the Status of the Snapshot Agent

You can use the Replication Monitor in SQL Server Enterprise Manager to check the status of the Snapshot Agent and ensure that the snapshot has been
created.

To check the status of the Snapshot Agent

1. On the computer running Microsoft® SQL Server™, start SQL Server Enterprise Manager: On the Start menu, point to Programs, Microsoft SQL Server, and then click Enterprise Manager.
2. In the console tree, expand Microsoft SQL Servers, SQL Server Group, the computer containing the Distributor for the publication, and Replication Monitor; and then click Agents.
3. In the left pane, click Snapshot Agents. The status of the Snapshot Agent is displayed in the right pane.
4. To display more information about an entry listed in the right pane, double-click the entry.

If the Snapshot Agent for the publication has not started, in the right pane, right-click the agent entry and select Start Agent.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Checking the Status of the

Snapshot Agent
Up One Level You can use the Replication Monitor in SQL Server Enterprise Manager to check the status of
the Snapshot Agent and ensure that the snapshot has been created.
Creating the Publication
Securing the Publication To check the status of the Snapshot Agent
Configuring the Snapshot Folder
Checking the Status of the Snapshot Agent 1. On the computer running Microsoft® SQL Server™, start SQL Server Enterprise Manager: On the Start menu,
point to Programs, Microsoft SQL Server, and then click Enterprise Manager.
2. In the console tree, expand Microsoft SQL Servers, SQL Server Group, the computer containing the Distributor
for the publication, and Replication Monitor; and then click Agents.
3. In the left pane, click Snapshot Agents. The status of the Snapshot Agent is displayed in the right pane.
4. To display more information about an entry listed in the right pane, double-click the entry.

If the Snapshot Agent for the publication has not started, in the right pane, right-click the
agent entry and select Start Agent.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Planning for Replication

The following topics in this section provide information to consider before implementing
replication in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE). Typical
SQL Server CE replication topologies are described. Information regarding what data can be
replicated and limitations on published data is also provided.
Up One Level
Replication Topologies ● Replication Topologies
Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings
Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings
●

● Replication Limitations
Schema Changes on Publication Databases
Replication Limitations
●

● Replication Conflict Detection and Resolution

Schema Changes on Publication Databases

Replication Conflict Detection and Resolution

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Replication Topologies (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Replication Topologies
You can configure replication in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE) in a variety of ways. You should choose a
configuration based on the following factors:

● Performance

The performance of a system depends on the number of Microsoft Windows CE-based devices that must be supported, the frequency with which the devices must synchronize with the server, the
connection bandwidth, the timeframe during which synchronization must occur, and the load that each device imposes on the server while synchronizing.

● Security

The configuration you choose is influenced by the security requirements of the application you develop.

Basic Configuration Rules

The following basic configuration rules govern SQL Server CE replication configuration:

● The Subscriber is always an anonymous Subscriber.

Individual Subscribers cannot be assigned a merge replication conflict resolution priority; the priority for Subscribers is always 0.

● SQL Server CE cannot be a Publisher or Distributor.

Two or more Windows CE-based devices can share a publication only by subscribing to the same SQL Server 2000 publication.

● A Subscriber must always synchronize with the same Publisher.

Synchronizing with alternate synchronization partners is not supported.

Topologies

You can choose from a variety of SQL Server CE replication topologies. The more common ways to configure SQL Server CE replication are:

● Single server
● Two servers
● Multiple Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) systems and SQL Server republishing

Single Server

In the simplest SQL Server CE replication topology, IIS, the SQL Server Publisher, and the SQL Server Distributor all reside on a single server. SQL Server
CE Subscribers, running on Windows CE-based devices, synchronize by connecting to IIS on the Publisher. The Publisher can be located behind a firewall.

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Replication Topologies (SQL Server CE Books Online)

Two Servers

You can place IIS on one server and configure the SQL Server Publisher and Distributor on another server. The server running IIS can be isolated from the
Internet by a firewall. SQL Server CE clients, running on Windows CE-based devices, synchronize by connecting to IIS. Another firewall can isolate the SQL
Server Publisher and Distributor from the IIS system.

Multiple IIS Systems and SQL Server Republishing

If you must support very large numbers of SQL Server CE Subscribers that synchronize at the same time, you can partition the work across multiple
computers running IIS.

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Replication Topologies (SQL Server CE Books Online)

If further load balancing is required on the computer running SQL Server, you can create a republishing hierarchy on multiple computers. The top-level
Publisher publishes data to Subscribers, which in turn republish the data, load balancing requests from the SQL Server CE clients. Load balancing is static
in the sense that each SQL Server CE Subscriber is assigned to one of the republishers and always synchronizes with that republisher (SQL Server CE does
not support alternate synchronization partners).

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Replication Topologies (SQL Server CE Books Online)

By using Microsoft ActiveSync®, a desktop system may be used to synchronize SQL Server CE to an instance of SQL Server. By using Microsoft Windows
Powered Pocket PC 2002 and Microsoft ActiveSync 3.5, you can use the Pass Through functionality. If you are using ActiveSync 3.1, you must install SQL
Server CE Relay. For more information, see Using SQL Server CE Relay.

Using Windows Clustering

SQL Server CE replication can be used on a Microsoft Windows 2000 cluster containing a farm of Web servers running IIS. However, the SQL Server CE
Server Agent must maintain session state across client calls; therefore, you must use load-balancing hardware or software that is capable of maintaining a
session state between the SQL Server CE Client Agent and the SQL Server CE Server Agent.

Load-balancing systems typically work as follows: Clients access the cluster using a common domain name with a single virtual IP address; the load-
balancing hardware or software intercepts the incoming HTTP traffic and directs it to one of the servers in the cluster.

SQL Server CE can be used with a variety of load-balancing systems for example Windows 2000 Network Load Balancing (NLB).

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Replication Topologies (SQL Server CE Books Online)

Windows 2000 NLB is included as part of Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server and Windows 2000 Datacenter Server. NLB can be used with SQL
Server CE because NLB supports client affinity, which is an option that ensures that the client is always directed to the same server running IIS within the
cluster. Note, however, that if a server or network failure occurs during a client session, a new logon is required to reauthenticate the client and
reestablish session state. Also, adding a new server running IIS to the cluster redirects some client traffic to the new server, which can affect existing
sessions.

For more information, see "Windows Clustering Technologies" in the technical resources for Microsoft Windows 2000 at this Microsoft Web site.

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MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL Server > SQL Server
MSDN Library Go 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 > Managing Connectivity > Using
Replication > Planning for Replication
Advanced Search

SQL Server CE Books Online

Replication Topologies
You can configure replication in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE) in a variety of
ways. You should choose a configuration based on the following factors:

Up One Level
Replication Topologies ● Performance

Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings The performance of a system depends on the number of Microsoft Windows CE-based devices that must be supported, the frequency with which the

Replication Limitations
devices must synchronize with the server, the connection bandwidth, the timeframe during which synchronization must occur, and the load that
each device imposes on the server while synchronizing.

Schema Changes on Publication Databases

● Security

Replication Conflict Detection and Resolution The configuration you choose is influenced by the security requirements of the application you develop.

Basic Configuration Rules

The following basic configuration rules govern SQL Server CE replication configuration:

● The Subscriber is always an anonymous Subscriber.

Individual Subscribers cannot be assigned a merge replication conflict resolution priority; the priority for Subscribers is always 0.

● SQL Server CE cannot be a Publisher or Distributor.

Two or more Windows CE-based devices can share a publication only by subscribing to the same SQL Server 2000 publication.

● A Subscriber must always synchronize with the same Publisher.

Synchronizing with alternate synchronization partners is not supported.

Topologies

You can choose from a variety of SQL Server CE replication topologies. The more common ways to configure SQL
Server CE replication are:

● Single server
● Two servers
● Multiple Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) systems and SQL Server republishing

Single Server

In the simplest SQL Server CE replication topology, IIS, the SQL Server Publisher, and the SQL Server Distributor
all reside on a single server. SQL Server CE Subscribers, running on Windows CE-based devices, synchronize by
connecting to IIS on the Publisher. The Publisher can be located behind a firewall.

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Two Servers

You can place IIS on one server and configure the SQL Server Publisher and Distributor on another server. The
server running IIS can be isolated from the Internet by a firewall. SQL Server CE clients, running on Windows CE-
based devices, synchronize by connecting to IIS. Another firewall can isolate the SQL Server Publisher and
Distributor from the IIS system.

Multiple IIS Systems and SQL Server Republishing

If you must support very large numbers of SQL Server CE Subscribers that synchronize at the same time, you can
partition the work across multiple computers running IIS.

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If further load balancing is required on the computer running SQL Server, you can create a republishing hierarchy
on multiple computers. The top-level Publisher publishes data to Subscribers, which in turn republish the data, load
balancing requests from the SQL Server CE clients. Load balancing is static in the sense that each SQL Server CE
Subscriber is assigned to one of the republishers and always synchronizes with that republisher (SQL Server CE
does not support alternate synchronization partners).

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By using Microsoft ActiveSync®, a desktop system may be used to synchronize SQL Server CE to an instance of
SQL Server. By using Microsoft Windows Powered Pocket PC 2002 and Microsoft ActiveSync 3.5, you can use the
Pass Through functionality. If you are using ActiveSync 3.1, you must install SQL Server CE Relay. For more
information, see Using SQL Server CE Relay.

Using Windows Clustering

SQL Server CE replication can be used on a Microsoft Windows 2000 cluster containing a farm of Web servers
running IIS. However, the SQL Server CE Server Agent must maintain session state across client calls; therefore,
you must use load-balancing hardware or software that is capable of maintaining a session state between the SQL
Server CE Client Agent and the SQL Server CE Server Agent.

Load-balancing systems typically work as follows: Clients access the cluster using a common domain name with a
single virtual IP address; the load-balancing hardware or software intercepts the incoming HTTP traffic and directs
it to one of the servers in the cluster.

SQL Server CE can be used with a variety of load-balancing systems for example Windows 2000 Network Load
Balancing (NLB).

Windows 2000 NLB is included as part of Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server and Windows 2000 Datacenter
Server. NLB can be used with SQL Server CE because NLB supports client affinity, which is an option that ensures
that the client is always directed to the same server running IIS within the cluster. Note, however, that if a server
or network failure occurs during a client session, a new logon is required to reauthenticate the client and
reestablish session state. Also, adding a new server running IIS to the cluster redirects some client traffic to the
new server, which can affect existing sessions.

For more information, see "Windows Clustering Technologies" in the technical resources for Microsoft Windows
2000 at this Microsoft Web site.

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Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings

The following table shows the data type mappings that are performed when replicating between Microsoft® SQL Server™ and Microsoft SQL Server 2000
Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE). The table lists mappings for each SQL Server data type and describes restrictions or special behaviors.

SQL Server data type SQL Server CE data type

bigint (int 8) bigint (int 8)

binary (n) binary (n) or image

If the length of the data is 510 bytes or less, SQL Server CE replication maps the SQL Server binary data to SQL Server CE binary; otherwise, it maps it to SQL
Server CE image.
If the length of the image data exceeds the length of the binary column, synchronization fails when the data is sent from the SQL Server CE Subscriber to the SQL
Server Publisher.

bit bit

character national character or ntext

(synonym: If the length of the data is 255 characters or less, SQL Server CE replication maps the SQL Server character data to SQL Server CE national character ;
char) otherwise, it maps it to SQL Server CE ntext.
If the length of the ntext data exceeds the length of the character column, synchronization fails when the data is sent from the SQL Server CE subscription to the
SQL Server publication.

character varying national character varying or ntext

(synonyms: If the length of the data is 255 characters or less, SQL Server CE replication maps the SQL Server character varying data to SQL Server CE national character
char varying, varying; otherwise, it maps it to SQL Server CE ntext .
varchar) If the length of the ntext data exceeds the length of the character varying column, synchronization fails when the data is sent from the SQL Server CE
subscription to the SQL Server publication.

datetime datetime

decimal See numeric.

double precision double precision

float float

image image

integer (int 4) integer (int 4)

(synonym:
int)

money money

national character national character

(synonyms: If the length of the data is 255 characters or less, SQL Server CE replication maps the SQL Server national character data to SQL Server CE national character;
national char, otherwise, it maps it to SQL Server CE ntext.
nchar) If the length of the ntext data exceeds the length of the national character column, synchronization fails when the data is sent from the SQL Server CE
subscription to the SQL Server publication.

national character varying national character varying

(synonyms: If the length of the data is 255 characters or less; SQL Server CE replication maps the SQL Server national character varying data to SQL Server CE national
national char varying, nvarchar) character varying; otherwise, it maps it to SQL Server CE ntext.
If the length of the ntext data exceeds the length of the national character varying column, synchronization fails when the data is sent from the SQL Server CE
subscription to the SQL Server publication.

ntext ntext

numeric numeric
(synonyms:
decimal, dec)

real real

smalldatetime datetime
If the precision of the datetime data exceeds the precision of the smalldatetime column, synchronization fails when the data is sent from the SQL Server CE
subscription to the SQL Server publication.

smallint (int 2) smallint (int 2)

smallmoney money
If the precision of the money data exceeds the precision of the smallmoney column, synchronization fails when the data is sent from the SQL Server CE
subscription to the SQL Server publication.

sql_variant sql_variant is mapped to ntext.

If binary data exists in the sql_variant column, the binary data must be an even number of bytes or a conversion error occurs.

text ntext
If the length of the text data exceeds 1,073,741,823 characters, synchronization fails when the data is sent from the SQL Server publication to the SQL Server CE
subscription.

timestamp Not supported

Data stored as timestamp data is vertically partitioned out of all SQL Server CE Subscriptions.

tinyint (int 1) tinyint (int 1)

uniqueidentifier uniqueidentifier

varbinary (n) varbinary (n) or image

If the length of the data is 510 bytes or less, SQL Server CE replication maps the SQL Server varbinary data to SQL Server CE varbinary ; otherwise, it maps it to
SQL Server CE image.
If the length of the image data exceeds the length of the varbinary column, synchronization fails when the data is sent from the SQL Server CE subscription to the
SQL Server publication.

varchar See character varying

Choose data types that are supported by both SQL Server and SQL Server CE, so it is not necessary for replication to perform data mapping. When this is not
possible, the application should validate the values stored in SQL Server CE to ensure that replication can map these values between SQL Server and SQL Server
CE.

You cannot publish a table having an index on char, nchar, varchar, or nvarchar columns with lengths greater than 255. Creation of the SQL Server CE
subscription fails because these column types are mapped to ntext, and a primary key cannot be created on an ntext column.

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Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings (SQL Server CE Books Online)

For more information about SQL Server data types, see "Data Types" in SQL Server Books Online.

See Also

Replication Limitations

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Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings

Up One Level SQL Server data type SQL Server CE data type

Replication Topologies bigint (int 8) bigint (int 8)

binary (n) binary (n) or image

Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings If the length of the data is 510 bytes or less, SQL Server CE replication maps the SQL Server binary data to SQL Server CE binary; otherwise, it maps it to SQL
Server CE image.
If the length of the image data exceeds the length of the binary column, synchronization fails when the data is sent from the SQL Server CE Subscriber to the SQL
Replication Limitations Server Publisher.

bit bit
Schema Changes on Publication Databases character national character or ntext

Replication Conflict Detection and Resolution

character varying national character varying or ntext

datetime datetime

decimal See numeric.

double precision double precision

float float

image image

integer (int 4) integer (int 4)

(synonym:
int)

money money

national character national character

national character varying national character varying

ntext ntext

numeric numeric
(synonyms:
decimal, dec)

real real

smallint (int 2) smallint (int 2)

sql_variant sql_variant is mapped to ntext.

If binary data exists in the sql_variant column, the binary data must be an even number of bytes or a conversion error occurs.

text ntext
If the length of the text data exceeds 1,073,741,823 characters, synchronization fails when the data is sent from the SQL Server publication to the SQL Server CE
subscription.

timestamp Not supported

Data stored as timestamp data is vertically partitioned out of all SQL Server CE Subscriptions.

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tinyint (int 1) tinyint (int 1)

uniqueidentifier uniqueidentifier

varbinary (n) varbinary (n) or image

varchar See character varying

For more information about SQL Server data types, see "Data Types" in SQL Server Books Online.

See Also

Replication Limitations

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Replication Limitations (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Replication Limitations
Replication in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) has the following limitations:

● Dynamic filters

When you use dynamic filters, SQL Server CE requires that you use the optimize synchronization option. You can set this option by using either the Create Publication wizard or stored procedure scripts:

● Using the Create Publication wizard

Select Yes, minimize the amount of data to minimize the amount of data sent over the network when dynamic horizontal filters are defined. You cannot change this option for an existing publication.

● Using the sp_addmergepublication script

Set the @keep_partition_changes option to TRUE. The @keep_partition_changes option specifies whether synchronization optimization occurs.

For more information, see the topics "Optimizing Synchronization" and "sp_addmergepublication" in SQL Server Books Online.

Additionally, SQL Server CE cannot validate Subscriber information. When configuring a Publication with dynamic filters, you can request that the Subscriber information be validated; however, SQL Server
CE ignores this request.

Note The HostName property specifies the dynamic filter value for the subscription. If you want to change the dynamic filter value for the Subscriber by specifying a new
HostName property, you must call the Reinitialize method before you synchronize.

● Display of Subscriber names in SQL Server Enterprise Manager

For SQL Server CE Subscribers listed in the SQL Server Enterprise Manager Replication Monitor, the Merge Agent subscription column is formatted as subscribername:-agentid. This guarantees uniqueness
for each row in the Merge Agent if the Subscriber name supplied by the SQL Server CE application is not unique across all SQL Server CE subscriptions. The Subscriber name and the agent ID can be used
to find the Subscriber ID (GUID) in the msmerge_agents system table in the distribution database.

● Connection timeout

SQL Server CE connectivity solutions recover from communication failures by restarting from the last successfully transmitted block of data, as long as the connection recovers within a time-out period of
approximately two minutes. This makes synchronization possible even if the underlying transport is not reliable.

● Snapshots

SQL Server CE only supports the alternate snapshot location option, if the usual (default) snapshot location is not available.

To specify an alternate snapshot location, you can set this option by using either the create publication stored procedure script or by using SQL Server Enterprise Manager to edit the properties of an
existing publication:

● Using the sp_addmergepublication script

Set the @snapshot_in_defaultfolder option to FALSE and @alt_snapshot_folder= location of the alternate folder for the snapshot.

● Editing Publication Properties of an existing publication

On the Snapshot Location tab of the publications Properties dialog box, clear the Generate snapshots in the normal snapshot folder check box, select Generate snapshots in the following
location check box, and specify the new location in Folder. You cannot change this option for an existing publication.

Note SQL Server CE does not support FTP or compressed snapshot options for either the default or alternate locations.

● Ranged identity columns

SQL Server CE identity columns must have a data type of integer (int 4). SQL Server CE identity columns cannot have a data type of bigint, smallint, tinyint, decimal, or numeric. If you subscribe to
a publication having an identity column other than integer (int 4), the creation of that subscription fails on SQL Server CE.

SQL Server CE allows you to modify the seed and increment values at the Subscriber by using the ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER COLUMN column_name IDENTITY (seed,increment) statement. This
allows you to manage identity ranges manually, if you want. However, if your publication includes an identity column and the AutoIdentityRange property at the Publisher is TRUE, you should not modify
the seed or increment values at the Subscriber. If you specify a seed that is above your allocated range identity, SQL Server CE returns an error when you attempt to insert a new record in the table. When
you next synchronize, the Publisher corrects the problem by assigning your Subscriber a new identity range.

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Replication Limitations (SQL Server CE Books Online)

● Computed columns

Not supported. Data stored as computed columns is vertically partitioned out of all SQL Server CE subscriptions.

● Information that is not propagated to the SQL Server CE Subscriber

You can include the following items in a SQL Server publication, but they are not propagated to the SQL Server CE Subscriber:

● CHECK constraints
● DEFAULT definitions for columns
● Extended properties
● Stored procedures
● Views
● User-defined functions
● Triggers

Because SQL Server CE replication cannot propagate these items, you should implement equivalent logic in a SQL Server CE-based application. Doing so ensures that the SQL Server CE database remains
consistent with the SQL Server database. For example, if the SQL Server database includes a CHECK constraint, the SQL Server CE-based application should implement the corresponding check in
application code.

● Case sensitivity

SQL Server CE databases are not case-sensitive; therefore objects and data are treated differently in a SQL Server CE database from the way in which they are treated in a SQL Server database. For
example, two tables, MYTABLE and mytable, are treated as different objects in a case-sensitive SQL Server database. The same table names cause a naming conflict in a SQL Server CE database.
Similarly, two values, MYVALUE and myvalue, cause a primary key violation in SQL Server CE, because they are treated as the same value, whereas they do not cause a violation in a case-sensitive SQL
Server database.

● UNIQUE constraints

SQL Server and SQL Server CE differ slightly in the way they implement UNIQUE constraints. SQL Server allows a single NULL value in a column with a UNIQUE constraint; SQL Server CE does not allow a
NULL value in this case. If you subscribe to a publication that contains a NULL value in a column with a UNIQUE constraint, the creation of that subscription fails on SQL Server CE.

● Tables and columns

For all replication tables, the number of available columns is 252 (255 – 3 system columns). SQL Server CE allocates three system columns for tracking.

● NOT FOR REPLICATION constraints

SQL Server CE does not support the NOT FOR REPLICATION option. Do not create constraints using this option. If constraints in a database have the NOT FOR REPLICATION option, remove the constraint
and then re-create it. If the NOT FOR REPLICATION option is specified, the constraint is still created on the SQL Server CE Subscriber, but it does not include the NOT FOR REPLICATION syntax.

See Also

IDENTITY (Property)

Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings

ReinitializeSubscription Method

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Replication Limitations
Replication in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) has the
following limitations:

Up One Level
Replication Topologies ● Dynamic filters

Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings When you use dynamic filters, SQL Server CE requires that you use the optimize synchronization option. You can

Replication Limitations
set this option by using either the Create Publication wizard or stored procedure scripts:

● Using the Create Publication wizard

Schema Changes on Publication Databases

Replication Conflict Detection and Resolution Select Yes, minimize the amount of data to minimize the amount of data sent over the network when dynamic
horizontal filters are defined. You cannot change this option for an existing publication.

● Using the sp_addmergepublication script

Set the @keep_partition_changes option to TRUE. The @keep_partition_changes option specifies whether
synchronization optimization occurs.

For more information, see the topics "Optimizing Synchronization" and "sp_addmergepublication" in SQL Server
Books Online.

Additionally, SQL Server CE cannot validate Subscriber information. When configuring a Publication with dynamic
filters, you can request that the Subscriber information be validated; however, SQL Server CE ignores this request.

Note The HostName property specifies the dynamic filter value for the
subscription. If you want to change the dynamic filter value for the Subscriber by
specifying a new HostName property, you must call the Reinitialize method
before you synchronize.

● Display of Subscriber names in SQL Server Enterprise Manager

For SQL Server CE Subscribers listed in the SQL Server Enterprise Manager Replication Monitor, the Merge Agent
subscription column is formatted as subscribername:-agentid. This guarantees uniqueness for each row in the
Merge Agent if the Subscriber name supplied by the SQL Server CE application is not unique across all SQL Server
CE subscriptions. The Subscriber name and the agent ID can be used to find the Subscriber ID (GUID) in the
msmerge_agents system table in the distribution database.

● Connection timeout

SQL Server CE connectivity solutions recover from communication failures by restarting from the last successfully
transmitted block of data, as long as the connection recovers within a time-out period of approximately two
minutes. This makes synchronization possible even if the underlying transport is not reliable.

● Snapshots

SQL Server CE only supports the alternate snapshot location option, if the usual (default) snapshot location is not
available.

To specify an alternate snapshot location, you can set this option by using either the create publication stored
procedure script or by using SQL Server Enterprise Manager to edit the properties of an existing publication:

● Using the sp_addmergepublication script

Set the @snapshot_in_defaultfolder option to FALSE and @alt_snapshot_folder= location of the alternate
folder for the snapshot.

● Editing Publication Properties of an existing publication

On the Snapshot Location tab of the publications Properties dialog box, clear the Generate snapshots in the
normal snapshot folder check box, select Generate snapshots in the following location check box, and
specify the new location in Folder. You cannot change this option for an existing publication.

Note SQL Server CE does not support FTP or compressed snapshot options for
either the default or alternate locations.

● Ranged identity columns

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SQL Server CE identity columns must have a data type of integer (int 4). SQL Server CE identity columns cannot
have a data type of bigint, smallint, tinyint, decimal, or numeric. If you subscribe to a publication having an
identity column other than integer (int 4), the creation of that subscription fails on SQL Server CE.

SQL Server CE allows you to modify the seed and increment values at the Subscriber by using the ALTER TABLE
table_name ALTER COLUMN column_name IDENTITY (seed,increment) statement. This allows you to manage
identity ranges manually, if you want. However, if your publication includes an identity column and the
AutoIdentityRange property at the Publisher is TRUE, you should not modify the seed or increment values at the
Subscriber. If you specify a seed that is above your allocated range identity, SQL Server CE returns an error when
you attempt to insert a new record in the table. When you next synchronize, the Publisher corrects the problem by
assigning your Subscriber a new identity range.

● Computed columns

Not supported. Data stored as computed columns is vertically partitioned out of all SQL Server CE subscriptions.

● Information that is not propagated to the SQL Server CE Subscriber

You can include the following items in a SQL Server publication, but they are not propagated to the SQL Server CE
Subscriber:

● CHECK constraints
● DEFAULT definitions for columns
● Extended properties
● Stored procedures
● Views
● User-defined functions
● Triggers

Because SQL Server CE replication cannot propagate these items, you should implement equivalent logic in a SQL
Server CE-based application. Doing so ensures that the SQL Server CE database remains consistent with the SQL
Server database. For example, if the SQL Server database includes a CHECK constraint, the SQL Server CE-based
application should implement the corresponding check in application code.

● Case sensitivity

SQL Server CE databases are not case-sensitive; therefore objects and data are treated differently in a SQL Server
CE database from the way in which they are treated in a SQL Server database. For example, two tables, MYTABLE
and mytable, are treated as different objects in a case-sensitive SQL Server database. The same table names
cause a naming conflict in a SQL Server CE database. Similarly, two values, MYVALUE and myvalue, cause a
primary key violation in SQL Server CE, because they are treated as the same value, whereas they do not cause a
violation in a case-sensitive SQL Server database.

● UNIQUE constraints

SQL Server and SQL Server CE differ slightly in the way they implement UNIQUE constraints. SQL Server allows a
single NULL value in a column with a UNIQUE constraint; SQL Server CE does not allow a NULL value in this case.
If you subscribe to a publication that contains a NULL value in a column with a UNIQUE constraint, the creation of
that subscription fails on SQL Server CE.

● Tables and columns

For all replication tables, the number of available columns is 252 (255 – 3 system columns). SQL Server CE
allocates three system columns for tracking.

● NOT FOR REPLICATION constraints

SQL Server CE does not support the NOT FOR REPLICATION option. Do not create constraints using this option. If
constraints in a database have the NOT FOR REPLICATION option, remove the constraint and then re-create it. If
the NOT FOR REPLICATION option is specified, the constraint is still created on the SQL Server CE Subscriber, but
it does not include the NOT FOR REPLICATION syntax.

See Also

IDENTITY (Property)

Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings

ReinitializeSubscription Method

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Schema Changes on Publication Databases (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Schema Changes on Publication Databases

You can add and drop columns in a table published in a Microsoft® SQL Server™ publication without dropping and re-creating the publication. If you add
or drop a column in a published SQL Server table, that schema change is published to the subscription database in Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows®
CE Edition (SQL Server CE) when the publication is next synchronized. You must make schema changes to a published table through the replication
publication properties dialog box in SQL Server Enterprise Manager or through replication stored procedures. You cannot make schema changes to
published tables in any other way. For more information, see "Schema Changes on Publication Databases" in SQL Server Books Online.

If a column is dropped from the SQL Server publication database, any changes made to data in that corresponding column in the SQL Server CE
subscription database (that have not already been propagated to the Publisher) are discarded during synchronization.

You can add articles to an existing publication. When an article is added, the SQL Server CE Subscriber must be reinitialized.

Important The SQL Server CE Subscriber must also be reinitialized if the column that is added to an existing published SQL
Server table is an identity column.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Schema Changes on
Publication Databases
Up One Level You can add and drop columns in a table published in a Microsoft® SQL Server™ publication
without dropping and re-creating the publication. If you add or drop a column in a published
Replication Topologies SQL Server table, that schema change is published to the subscription database in Microsoft
SQL Server 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) when the publication is next
Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings synchronized. You must make schema changes to a published table through the replication
publication properties dialog box in SQL Server Enterprise Manager or through replication
Replication Limitations stored procedures. You cannot make schema changes to published tables in any other way.
For more information, see "Schema Changes on Publication Databases" in SQL Server Books
Schema Changes on Publication Databases Online.

Replication Conflict Detection and Resolution

If a column is dropped from the SQL Server publication database, any changes made to
data in that corresponding column in the SQL Server CE subscription database (that have
not already been propagated to the Publisher) are discarded during synchronization.

You can add articles to an existing publication. When an article is added, the SQL Server CE
Subscriber must be reinitialized.

Important The SQL Server CE Subscriber must also be reinitialized

if the column that is added to an existing published SQL Server table
is an identity column.

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Replication Conflict Detection and Resolution (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Replication Conflict Detection and Resolution

When Publishers and Subscribers are reconnected and synchronization occurs, the Merge Agent running on the Publisher detects conflicts and then
determines which data is accepted and propagated to other sites based on a resolver specified when the publication was created. Each Subscriber merges
with the Publisher, but conflicts typically occur between updates made at different Subscribers.

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports row-level tracking only. The SQL Server CE Database Engine invokes
tracking when a row is inserted, updated, or deleted. When conflicts are detected at the row level, changes made to corresponding rows are considered a
conflict, regardless of whether the changes are made to the same column. For example, a change is made to the address column of a row at the Publisher,
and another change is made to the phone number column of the corresponding row in the same table at the Subscriber. With row-level tracking, a conflict
is detected because changes were made to both rows.

Note Even if the Publisher is configured with column-level tracking, SQL Server CE masks the row as if every column has changed.
Row-level tracking involves less tracking overhead, preserving valuable storage space on the device.

Because SQL Server CE implements row-level tracking only, column-level tracking is ignored, even if it is configured on the Publisher. Therefore, a conflict
occurs even if the columns affected in the corresponding rows are not the same.

After a conflict is detected, the Merge Agent launches the conflict resolver selected for the article. In addition to the default resolver, merge replication
allows you to use a variety of custom resolvers to deal with conflict situations. The accepted changes are chosen according to the rules of the conflict
resolver. SQL Server CE Subscriber conflicts are always detected, resolved, and logged at the Publisher. For more information about conflict detection and
resolution, see "Merge Replication Conflict Detection and Resolution" in SQL Server Books Online.

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Up One Level
Replication Topologies
Supported Data Types and Data Type Mappings
Replication Limitations
Schema Changes on Publication Databases
Replication Conflict Detection and Resolution

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Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) includes SQL grammar that you can use to query a database and to insert, update, and
delete data in tables in a database. The topics in this section describe the SQL grammar, as well as the items listed in the following table.

For information about See

Up One Level SQL syntax conventions and query elements SQL Overview

SQL Overview Data types Data Types

+ (Add) Functions Functions

Information schema views Information Schema

+ (Positive) Operators Operators

+ (String Concatenation) Reserved words Reserved Words

- (Subtract)
- (Negative) SQL Server CE also includes SQL Server CE Query Analyzer, a tool you can use to query tables in a database. For more information, see Using SQL Server CE Query
* (Multiply) Analyzer.

/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) The examples in the reference topics were tested using isqlw_wce and are not case sensitive. For more information about SQL grammar and Transact-SQL usage
and examples, see SQL Server Books Online.
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals)
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>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY

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ABS
ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause

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Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM
MAX
MIN
NCHAR
NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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SQL Overview (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

SQL Overview

You can use SQL grammar to query a database and to insert, update, and delete rows in tables in a database in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE
Edition (SQL Server CE).

Syntax Conventions

The syntax diagrams in this reference use the following conventions.

Convention Used for

UPPERCASE SQL Server CE keywords.

Italic User-supplied parameters of SQL Server CE syntax.

| (vertical bar) Separating syntax items within brackets or braces. You can choose only one of the items.

[ ] (brackets) Optional syntax items. Do not type the brackets.

{} (braces) Required syntax items. Do not type the braces.

[,...n] Indicating that the preceding item can be repeated n number of times. The occurrences are separated by commas.

[ ...n] Indicating that the preceding item can be repeated n number of times. The occurrences are separated by blanks.

bold Database names, table names, column names, index names, stored procedures, utilities, data type names, and text that must be typed exactly as shown.

<label> ::= The name for a block of syntax. This convention is used to group and label portions of lengthy syntax or a unit of syntax that can be used in more than one place within a statement. Each
location in which the block of syntax can be used is indicated with the label enclosed in chevrons: <label>.

Query Elements

You can use identifiers, delimiters, and comments when you query a database in SQL Server CE.

Identifiers

The name of a database object is known as an identifier. The object name is created when the object is defined; the identifier is used to reference the object.

With SQL Server CE, because you must connect to a database that already exists in the device before you can execute queries, you do not need to qualify object
identifiers with owner, database, or server names. You can reference objects in one of these ways:

● object_name
● table_name.object_name

Delimiters

You must delimit identifiers when they do not comply with the rules for the format of regular identifiers or when reserved keywords are used as identifiers. The
following table summarizes the use of delimiters in SQL Server CE.

Delimiter Use in SQL Server CE

Brackets [ ] Not supported

Double quotation marks " " Noncompliant identifiers:

● Multiple-word identifiers
● Reserved words used as identifiers

Single quotation marks ' ' String data values

Comments

You can include text strings that should not be executed in the code as comments. Comments can be used to document code or to temporarily disable certain parts

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SQL Overview (SQL Server CE Books Online)

of a SQL statement.

You can delineate text as comments using either of the following styles:

/* text_of_comment */
---- text_of_comment

Default Behavior

Queries executed through SQL Server CE Query Analyzer run with the following default behavior, which cannot be changed:

● QUOTED_IDENTIFIER_ON
● ANSI_NULLS_ON
● ANSI_PADDING_ON
● ANSI_NULL_DFLT_ON_ON
● CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL_ON

For more information, see Using SQL Server CE Query Analyzer.

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You can use SQL grammar to query a database and to insert, update, and delete rows in tables in a database in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE
Edition (SQL Server CE).

Syntax Conventions
Up One Level
SQL Overview The syntax diagrams in this reference use the following conventions.

+ (Add)
+ (Positive) Convention Used for
+ (String Concatenation) UPPERCASE SQL Server CE keywords.

- (Subtract) Italic User-supplied parameters of SQL Server CE syntax.

| (vertical bar) Separating syntax items within brackets or braces. You can choose only one of the items.
- (Negative) [ ] (brackets) Optional syntax items. Do not type the brackets.

* (Multiply) {} (braces) Required syntax items. Do not type the braces.

/ (Divide)
[,...n] Indicating that the preceding item can be repeated n number of times. The occurrences are separated by commas.

[ ...n] Indicating that the preceding item can be repeated n number of times. The occurrences are separated by blanks.

% (Modulo) bold Database names, table names, column names, index names, stored procedures, utilities, data type names, and text that must be typed exactly as shown.

& (Bitwise AND) <label> ::= The name for a block of syntax. This convention is used to group and label portions of lengthy syntax or a unit of syntax that can be used in more than one place within a statement. Each
location in which the block of syntax can be used is indicated with the label enclosed in chevrons: <label>.

| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Query Elements
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) You can use identifiers, delimiters, and comments when you query a database in SQL Server CE.

> (Greater Than)

< (Less Than) Identifiers
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) The name of a database object is known as an identifier. The object name is created when the object is defined; the identifier is used to reference the object.

<> (Not Equal To)

!= (Not Equal To) With SQL Server CE, because you must connect to a database that already exists in the device before you can execute queries, you do not need to qualify object
identifiers with owner, database, or server names. You can reference objects in one of these ways:
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than) ● object_name

@@IDENTITY ● table_name.object_name

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Delimiters
ABS
ACOS You must delimit identifiers when they do not comply with the rules for the format of regular identifiers or when reserved keywords are used as identifiers. The
following table summarizes the use of delimiters in SQL Server CE.
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND Delimiter Use in SQL Server CE
Brackets [ ] Not supported
ASIN Double quotation marks " " Noncompliant identifiers:

ATAN
ATN2
● Multiple-word identifiers
● Reserved words used as identifiers

AVG
BETWEEN Single quotation marks ' ' String data values

CASE
CEILING Comments
CHARINDEX
You can include text strings that should not be executed in the code as comments. Comments can be used to document code or to temporarily disable certain parts
COALESCE of a SQL statement.

COLLATE
CONVERT You can delineate text as comments using either of the following styles:

COS
COT /* text_of_comment */
---- text_of_comment
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
Default Behavior
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE Queries executed through SQL Server CE Query Analyzer run with the following default behavior, which cannot be changed:
DATALENGTH
Data Types ● QUOTED_IDENTIFIER_ON
ANSI_NULLS_ON
DATEADD
●

● ANSI_PADDING_ON
● ANSI_NULL_DFLT_ON_ON
CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL_ON
DATEDIFF
●

DATENAME For more information, see Using SQL Server CE Query Analyzer.

DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
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EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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+ (Add) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

+ (Add)

Adds two numbers. This addition arithmetic operator also can add a number, in days, to a date.

Syntax

expression + expression

Arguments

expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of any of the data types in the numeric
category, except the bit data type.

Result Types

Returns the data type of the argument with the higher precedence.

Examples

The following example computes the total number of customers when the goal of adding 50 new customers is achieved. This query assumes that there are
90 customers listed in the Customers table in the Northwind database.

SELECT COUNT(CustomerID) + 50 AS "Target Total" FROM Customers

This is the result set:

Target Total
------------
140

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SQL Server CE Books Online

+ (Add)

Adds two numbers. This addition arithmetic operator also can add a number, in days, to a
date.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) expression + expression
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
* (Multiply) (SQL Server CE) of any of the data types in the numeric category, except the bit
data type.
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo)
Result Types
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) Returns the data type of the argument with the higher precedence.
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
Examples
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) The following example computes the total number of customers when the goal of adding 50
< (Less Than) new customers is achieved. This query assumes that there are 90 customers listed in the
Customers table in the Northwind database.
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) SELECT COUNT(CustomerID) + 50 AS "Target Total" FROM Customers
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To) This is the result set:

!< (Not Less Than)

!> (Not Greater Than) Target Total
------------
@@IDENTITY 140

ABS
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ALL
ALTER TABLE
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CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
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LTRIM
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MIN
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NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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+ (Positive) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

+ (Positive)

Is a unary operator that returns the positive value of a numeric expression.

Syntax

+ numeric_expression

Arguments

numeric_expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of any of the data types in the numeric data
type category, except the datetime data type.

Result Types

Returns the data type of numeric_expression, except that an unsigned tinyint expression is promoted to a smallint result.

Examples

The following examples use the Orders table in the Northwind database to show how the positive and negative unary operators function. When a
positive unary operator is set against a negative value, the returned value is negative (positive_value * negative_value = negative_value). When a
negative unary operator is set against a negative value, the returned value is positive (negative_value * negative_value = positive_value).

SELECT (DATEPART(day, OrderDate) - DATEPART(day, ShippedDate)) FROM Orders WHERE OrderID = '10248'
--Without a unary operator, the value returned is '-12'.

SELECT +(DATEPART(day, OrderDate) - DATEPART(day, ShippedDate)) FROM Orders WHERE OrderID = '10248'
--With the positive unary operator, the value returned is '-12'.

SELECT -(DATEPART(day, OrderDate) - DATEPART(day, ShippedDate)) FROM Orders WHERE OrderID = '10248'
--With the negative unary operator, the value returned is '12'.

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+ (Positive)

Is a unary operator that returns the positive value of a numeric expression.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) + numeric_expression

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
numeric_expression
- (Negative) Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of
any of the data types in the numeric data type category, except the datetime data type.
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide)
Result Types
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Returns the data type of numeric_expression, except that an unsigned tinyint expression is promoted to a
| (Bitwise OR) smallint result.

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)

~ (Bitwise NOT) Examples
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) The following examples use the Orders table in the Northwind database to show how the positive and
negative unary operators function. When a positive unary operator is set against a negative value, the
< (Less Than) returned value is negative (positive_value * negative_value = negative_value). When a negative unary
operator is set against a negative value, the returned value is positive (negative_value * negative_value =
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) positive_value).

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) SELECT (DATEPART(day, OrderDate) - DATEPART(day, ShippedDate)) FROM Orders WHERE OrderID = '10248'
--Without a unary operator, the value returned is '-12'.
!= (Not Equal To) SELECT +(DATEPART(day, OrderDate) - DATEPART(day, ShippedDate)) FROM Orders WHERE OrderID = '10248'

!< (Not Less Than)

--With the positive unary operator, the value returned is '-12'.

SELECT -(DATEPART(day, OrderDate) - DATEPART(day, ShippedDate)) FROM Orders WHERE OrderID = '10248'
!> (Not Greater Than) --With the negative unary operator, the value returned is '12'.

ATAN
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CEILING
CHARINDEX
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CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
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DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
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LOG10
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MIN
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PATINDEX
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Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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+ (String Concatenation) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

+ (String Concatenation)

Is an operator in a string expression that concatenates two or more character or binary strings, columns, or a combination of strings and column names
into one expression.

Syntax

expression + expression

Arguments

expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of any of the data types in the character and
binary data type categories, except the image and ntext data types. Both expressions must be of the same data type, or one expression must
be able to be implicitly converted to the data type of the other expression.

Result Types

Returns the data type of the argument with the highest precedence.

Examples

The following example uses the + operator to get an alphabetical listing of all employees in the Northwind database.

SELECT FirstName + ' ' + LastName AS "Employee Listing" FROM Employees ORDER BY FirstName

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+ (String Concatenation)

Is an operator in a string expression that concatenates two or more character or binary strings,
columns, or a combination of strings and column names into one expression.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) expression + expression
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL
* (Multiply) Server CE) of any of the data types in the character and binary data type categories,
except the image and ntext data types. Both expressions must be of the same data
/ (Divide) type, or one expression must be able to be implicitly converted to the data type of the
other expression.
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND)
Result Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Returns the data type of the argument with the highest precedence.
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals)
Examples
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) The following example uses the + operator to get an alphabetical listing of all employees in the
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) Northwind database.

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) SELECT FirstName + ' ' + LastName AS "Employee Listing" FROM Employees ORDER BY FirstName

!= (Not Equal To)

!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
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AVG
BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM
MAX
MIN

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NCHAR
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Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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- (Subtract) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

- (Subtract)

Subtracts two numbers. This subtraction arithmetic operator can also subtract a number, in days, from a date.

Syntax

expression - expression

Arguments

expression
Is any valid expression Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of any of the data types of the numeric data type
category, except the bit data type.

Result Types

Returns the data type of the argument with the higher precedence.

Examples

The following example uses the subtraction arithmetic operator to get the number of days between the time a Northwind customer placed an order and
when the order was shipped.

SELECT (DATEPART(day, ShippedDate) - DATEPART(day, OrderDate)) FROM Orders WHERE OrderID = '10248'
--The value returned is '12'.

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- (Subtract)

Subtracts two numbers. This subtraction arithmetic operator can also subtract a number, in days, from a
date.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) expression - expression
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) expression
Is any valid expression Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of
* (Multiply) any of the data types of the numeric data type category, except the bit data type.

/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) Result Types
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) Returns the data type of the argument with the higher precedence.

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)

~ (Bitwise NOT) Examples
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) The following example uses the subtraction arithmetic operator to get the number of days between the time
a Northwind customer placed an order and when the order was shipped.
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) SELECT (DATEPART(day, ShippedDate) - DATEPART(day, OrderDate)) FROM Orders WHERE OrderID = '10248'
<= (Less Than or Equal To) --The value returned is '12'.

<> (Not Equal To)

!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
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ALTER TABLE
AND
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ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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- (Negative) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

- (Negative)

Is a unary operator that returns the negative value of a numeric expression.

Syntax

- numeric_expression

Arguments

numeric_expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of any of the data types of the numeric data
type category, except the datetime data type.

Result Types

Returns the data type of numeric_expression, except that an unsigned tinyint expression is promoted to a signed smallint result.

Examples

The following examples use the Northwind database to show how the positive and negative unary operators function. When a positive unary operator is
set against a negative value, the returned value is negative (positive_value * negative_value = negative_value). When a negative unary operator is set
against a negative value, the returned value is positive (negative_value * negative_value = positive_value).

SELECT -(DATEPART(day, OrderDate) - DATEPART(day, ShippedDate)) FROM Orders WHERE OrderID = '10248'
--With the negative unary operator, the value returned is '12'.

SELECT (DATEPART(day, OrderDate) - DATEPART(day, ShippedDate)) FROM Orders WHERE OrderID = '10248'
--Without a unary operator, the value returned is '-12'.

SELECT +(DATEPART(day, OrderDate) - DATEPART(day, ShippedDate)) FROM Orders WHERE OrderID = '10248'
--With the positive unary operator, the value returned is '-12'.

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- (Negative)

Is a unary operator that returns the negative value of a numeric expression.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) - numeric_expression

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
numeric_expression
- (Negative) Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of
any of the data types of the numeric data type category, except the datetime data type.
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide)
Result Types
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Returns the data type of numeric_expression, except that an unsigned tinyint expression is promoted to a
| (Bitwise OR) signed smallint result.

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)

~ (Bitwise NOT) Examples
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) The following examples use the Northwind database to show how the positive and negative unary operators
function. When a positive unary operator is set against a negative value, the returned value is negative
< (Less Than) (positive_value * negative_value = negative_value). When a negative unary operator is set against a
negative value, the returned value is positive (negative_value * negative_value = positive_value).
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) SELECT -(DATEPART(day, OrderDate) - DATEPART(day, ShippedDate)) FROM Orders WHERE OrderID = '10248'
<> (Not Equal To) --With the negative unary operator, the value returned is '12'.

!= (Not Equal To)

SELECT (DATEPART(day, OrderDate) - DATEPART(day, ShippedDate)) FROM Orders WHERE OrderID = '10248'
--Without a unary operator, the value returned is '-12'.

!< (Not Less Than) SELECT +(DATEPART(day, OrderDate) - DATEPART(day, ShippedDate)) FROM Orders WHERE OrderID = '10248'
--With the positive unary operator, the value returned is '-12'.
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
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PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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* (Multiply) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

* (Multiply)

Multiplies two expressions (an arithmetic multiplication operator).

Syntax

expression * expression

Arguments

expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of any of the data types of the numeric data
type category, except the datetime data type.

Result Types

Returns the data type of the argument with the higher precedence.

Examples

The following example determines the cost of a customer order by multiplying the quantity ordered by the unit price from the Order Details table in the
Northwind database.

SELECT UnitPrice * Quantity AS "Total Cost" FROM "Order Details" WHERE ProductID = '11' AND OrderID = '10248'

This is the result set:

Total Cost
----------
168

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* (Multiply)

Multiplies two expressions (an arithmetic multiplication operator).

Syntax
Up One Level
SQL Overview expression * expression

+ (Add)
+ (Positive) Arguments
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of any of the
- (Negative) data types of the numeric data type category, except the datetime data type.

* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Result Types
% (Modulo)
Returns the data type of the argument with the higher precedence.
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Examples
~ (Bitwise NOT)
The following example determines the cost of a customer order by multiplying the quantity ordered by the unit price from
= (Equals) the Order Details table in the Northwind database.

> (Greater Than)

< (Less Than) SELECT UnitPrice * Quantity AS "Total Cost" FROM "Order Details" WHERE ProductID = '11' AND OrderID = '10248'

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

<= (Less Than or Equal To) This is the result set:

<> (Not Equal To)

!= (Not Equal To) Total Cost
----------
!< (Not Less Than) 168

!> (Not Greater Than)

@@IDENTITY
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COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM
MAX
MIN
NCHAR
NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE

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REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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/ (Divide) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

/ (Divide)

Divides one number by another (an arithmetic division operator).

Syntax

dividend / divisor

Arguments

dividend
Is the numeric expression to divide. dividend can be any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server
CE) of any of the data types of the numeric data type category, except the datetime data type.
divisor
Is the numeric expression to divide the dividend by. divisor can be any valid SQL Server expression of any of the data types of the numeric
data type category, except the datetime data type.

Result Types

Returns the data type of the argument with the higher precedence.

Examples

The following example uses the divide arithmetic operator to determine the average total cost for each order of product 51 in the Northwind database.
Product 51 has 39 orders.

SELECT (SUM(UnitPrice * Quantity))/39 AS "Avg. Cost per Order" FROM "Order Details" WHERE ProductID = '51'

This is the result set:

Avg. Cost per Order

-------------------
1147.2461

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/ (Divide)

Divides one number by another (an arithmetic division operator).

Syntax
Up One Level
SQL Overview dividend / divisor

+ (Add)
+ (Positive) Arguments
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) dividend
Is the numeric expression to divide. dividend can be any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000
- (Negative) Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of any of the data types of the numeric data type category, except
the datetime data type.
* (Multiply) divisor
Is the numeric expression to divide the dividend by. divisor can be any valid SQL Server expression of any
/ (Divide) of the data types of the numeric data type category, except the datetime data type.

% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Result Types
| (Bitwise OR)
Returns the data type of the argument with the higher precedence.
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Examples
> (Greater Than)
The following example uses the divide arithmetic operator to determine the average total cost for each order of
< (Less Than) product 51 in the Northwind database. Product 51 has 39 orders.

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

<= (Less Than or Equal To) SELECT (SUM(UnitPrice * Quantity))/39 AS "Avg. Cost per Order" FROM "Order Details" WHERE ProductID = '51'

<> (Not Equal To)

!= (Not Equal To) This is the result set:

!< (Not Less Than)

!> (Not Greater Than) Avg. Cost per Order
-------------------
@@IDENTITY 1147.2461

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COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM
MAX
MIN
NCHAR
NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS

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RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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% (Modulo) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

% (Modulo)

Provides the remainder of one number divided by another.

Syntax

dividend % divisor

Arguments

dividend
Is the numeric expression to divide. dividend must be any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL
Server CE) of the integer data type category.
divisor
Is the numeric expression to divide the dividend by. divisor must be any valid SQL Server expression of any of the data types of the integer
data type category.

Result Types

int

Examples

The following example uses modulo to identify employees in the Northwind database with even-numbered EmployeeID values.

SELECT EmployeeID, LastName, EmployeeID % 2 FROM Employees WHERE EmployeeID % 2 = '0'

This is the result set:

EmployeeID LastName #2
---------- -------- ---
2 Fuller 0
4 Peacock 0
6 Suyama 0
8 Callahan 0

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% (Modulo)

Provides the remainder of one number divided by another.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) dividend % divisor

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
dividend
- (Negative) Is the numeric expression to divide. dividend must be any valid expression in
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of the
* (Multiply) integer data type category.
divisor
/ (Divide) Is the numeric expression to divide the dividend by. divisor must be any valid SQL
Server expression of any of the data types of the integer data type category.
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND)
Result Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) int
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals)
Examples
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) The following example uses modulo to identify employees in the Northwind database with
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) even-numbered EmployeeID values.

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) SELECT EmployeeID, LastName, EmployeeID % 2 FROM Employees WHERE EmployeeID % 2 = '0'

!= (Not Equal To) This is the result set:

!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than) EmployeeID LastName #2
@@IDENTITY ----------
2
--------
Fuller
---
0
ABS 4
6
Peacock
Suyama
0
0
ACOS 8 Callahan 0

ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN
ATAN

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ATN2
AVG
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BETWEEN
CASE ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
Trademarks |Privacy Statement
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER

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LTRIM
MAX
MIN
NCHAR
NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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& (Bitwise AND) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

& (Bitwise AND)

Performs a bitwise logical AND operation between two integer values.

Syntax

expression & expression

Arguments

expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of any of the data types of the integer data
type category. expression is an integer parameter that is treated and transformed into a binary number for the bitwise operation.

Result Types

Returns an int if the input values are int, a smallint if the input values are smallint, or a tinyint if the input values are tinyint.

Examples

The following example performs the bitwise AND operation between two integer columns.

CREATE TABLE bitwise (a_int_value int NOT NULL, b_int_value int NOT NULL)
INSERT bitwise VALUES (170, 75)
SELECT a_int_value & b_int_value FROM bitwise
--Returns 10.

The binary representation of 170 (a_int_value or A, below) is 0000 0000 1010 1010. The binary representation of 75 (b_int_value or B, below) is 0000
0000 0100 1011. Performing the bitwise AND operation on these two values produces the binary result 0000 0000 0000 1010, which is decimal 10.

(A & B)
0000 0000 1010 1010
0000 0000 0100 1011
-------------------
0000 0000 0000 1010

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& (Bitwise AND)

Performs a bitwise logical AND operation between two integer values.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) expression & expression

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
expression
- (Negative) Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
(SQL Server CE) of any of the data types of the integer data type category.
* (Multiply) expression is an integer parameter that is treated and transformed into a binary
number for the bitwise operation.
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo)
Result Types
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) Returns an int if the input values are int, a smallint if the input values are smallint, or a
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) tinyint if the input values are tinyint.

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Examples
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) The following example performs the bitwise AND operation between two integer columns.

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

<= (Less Than or Equal To) CREATE TABLE bitwise (a_int_value int NOT NULL, b_int_value int NOT NULL)
INSERT bitwise VALUES (170, 75)
<> (Not Equal To) SELECT a_int_value & b_int_value FROM bitwise
--Returns 10.
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than) The binary representation of 170 (a_int_value or A, below) is 0000 0000 1010 1010. The
binary representation of 75 (b_int_value or B, below) is 0000 0000 0100 1011. Performing
!> (Not Greater Than) the bitwise AND operation on these two values produces the binary result 0000 0000 0000
1010, which is decimal 10.
@@IDENTITY
ABS (A & B)
ACOS 0000 0000 1010 1010
0000 0000 0100 1011
ALL -------------------
0000 0000 0000 1010
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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| (Bitwise OR) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

| (Bitwise OR)

Performs a bitwise logical OR operation between two given integer values as translated to binary expressions within SQL statements.

Syntax

expression | expression

Arguments

expression

Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of any of the data types of the
integer data type category. expression is an integer that is treated and transformed into a binary number for the bitwise operation.

Result Types

Returns an int if the input values are int, a smallint if the input values are smallint, or a tinyint if the input values are tinyint.

Examples

The following example performs the bitwise OR operation between two integer columns.

CREATE TABLE bitwise (a_int_value int NOT NULL, b_int_value int NOT NULL)
INSERT bitwise VALUES (170, 75)
SELECT a_int_value | b_int_value FROM bitwise
--Returns 235

The binary representation of 170 (a_int_value or A, below) is 0000 0000 1010 1010. The binary representation of 75 (b_int_value or B, below) is 0000
0000 0100 1011. Performing the bitwise OR operation on these two values produces the binary result 0000 0000 1110 1011, which is decimal 235.

(A | B)
0000 0000 1010 1010
0000 0000 0100 1011
-------------------
0000 0000 1110 1011

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| (Bitwise OR)

Performs a bitwise logical OR operation between two given integer values as translated to
binary expressions within SQL statements.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) expression | expression
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) expression

* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows®
CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of any of the data types of the integer
% (Modulo) data type category. expression is an integer that is treated and
transformed into a binary number for the bitwise operation.
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) Result Types
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT) Returns an int if the input values are int, a smallint if the input values are smallint, or a
tinyint if the input values are tinyint.
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) Examples
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) The following example performs the bitwise OR operation between two integer columns.

<> (Not Equal To)

!= (Not Equal To) CREATE TABLE bitwise (a_int_value int NOT NULL, b_int_value int NOT NULL)
INSERT bitwise VALUES (170, 75)

!< (Not Less Than) SELECT a_int_value | b_int_value FROM bitwise

--Returns 235

!> (Not Greater Than)

@@IDENTITY The binary representation of 170 (a_int_value or A, below) is 0000 0000 1010 1010. The
binary representation of 75 (b_int_value or B, below) is 0000 0000 0100 1011. Performing
ABS the bitwise OR operation on these two values produces the binary result 0000 0000 1110
1011, which is decimal 235.
ACOS
ALL (A | B)
ALTER TABLE 0000 0000 1010 1010
0000 0000 0100 1011
AND -------------------
0000 0000 1110 1011
ASIN

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BETWEEN
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Trademarks |Privacy Statement
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10

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^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)

Performs a bitwise exclusive OR operation between two given integer values as translated to binary expressions within SQL statements.

Syntax

expression ^ expression

Arguments

expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) of any of the data types of the integer data
type category, or of the binary or varbinary data type. expression is an integer that is treated and transformed into a binary number for the
bitwise operation.

Result Types

Returns an int if the input values are int, a smallint if the input values are smallint, or a tinyint if the input values are tinyint.

Examples

The following example performs the bitwise exclusive OR operation between two integer columns.

CREATE TABLE bitwise (a_int_value int NOT NULL, b_int_value int NOT NULL)
INSERT bitwise VALUES (170, 75)
SELECT a_int_value ^ b_int_value FROM bitwise
--Returns 225

The binary representation of 170 (a_int_value or A, below) is 0000 0000 1010 1010. The binary representation of 75 (b_int_value or B, below) is 0000
0000 0100 1011. Performing the bitwise exclusive OR operation on these two values produces the binary result 0000 0000 1110 0001, which is decimal
225.

(A ^ B)
0000 0000 1010 1010
0000 0000 0100 1011
-------------------
0000 0000 1110 0001

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SQL Server CE Books Online

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)

Performs a bitwise exclusive OR operation between two given integer values as translated to
binary expressions within SQL statements.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) expression ^ expression
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
* (Multiply) (SQL Server CE) of any of the data types of the integer data type category, or of
the binary or varbinary data type. expression is an integer that is treated and
/ (Divide) transformed into a binary number for the bitwise operation.

% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Result Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Returns an int if the input values are int, a smallint if the input values are smallint, or a
tinyint if the input values are tinyint.
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals)
Examples
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) The following example performs the bitwise exclusive OR operation between two integer
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) columns.

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) CREATE TABLE bitwise (a_int_value int NOT NULL, b_int_value int NOT NULL)
INSERT bitwise VALUES (170, 75)
!= (Not Equal To) SELECT a_int_value ^ b_int_value FROM bitwise
--Returns 225
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than) The binary representation of 170 (a_int_value or A, below) is 0000 0000 1010 1010. The
binary representation of 75 (b_int_value or B, below) is 0000 0000 0100 1011. Performing
@@IDENTITY the bitwise exclusive OR operation on these two values produces the binary result 0000
0000 1110 0001, which is decimal 225.
ABS
ACOS (A ^ B)
ALL 0000 0000 1010 1010
0000 0000 0100 1011
ALTER TABLE -------------------
0000 0000 1110 0001
AND
ASIN

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~ (Bitwise NOT) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

~ (Bitwise NOT)

Performs a bitwise logical NOT operation for one given integer value as translated to binary expressions within SQL statements.

Syntax

~ expression

Arguments

Result Types

Returns an int if the input values are int, a smallint if the input values are smallint, a tinyint if the input values are tinyint, or a bit if the input values
are bit.

Examples

The following example performs the bitwise NOT operation between two integer columns.

CREATE TABLE bitwise (a_int_value int NOT NULL, b_int_value int NOT NULL)
INSERT bitwise VALUES (170, 75)
SELECT ~ a_int_value, ~ b_int_value FROM bitwise
--Returns -171 and -76

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SQL Server CE Books Online

~ (Bitwise NOT)

Performs a bitwise logical NOT operation for one given integer value as translated to binary
expressions within SQL statements.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) ~ expression
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
* (Multiply) (SQL Server CE) of any of the data types of the integer data type category, or of
the binary or varbinary data type. expression is an integer that is treated and
/ (Divide) transformed into a binary number for the bitwise operation.

% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Result Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Returns an int if the input values are int, a smallint if the input values are smallint, a
tinyint if the input values are tinyint, or a bit if the input values are bit.
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals)
Examples
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) The following example performs the bitwise NOT operation between two integer columns.
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) CREATE TABLE bitwise (a_int_value int NOT NULL, b_int_value int NOT NULL)
<> (Not Equal To) INSERT bitwise VALUES (170, 75)
SELECT ~ a_int_value, ~ b_int_value FROM bitwise
!= (Not Equal To) --Returns -171 and -76

!< (Not Less Than)

!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
ABS
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AND
ASIN

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ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10

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= (Equals) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

= (Equals)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull expressions, the result is TRUE when both operands are equal; otherwise,
the result is FALSE.

Syntax

expression = expression

Arguments

expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE). Both expressions must have implicitly
convertible data types. The conversion depends on the rules of data type precedence.

Result Types

bit

Examples

The following example uses the equals comparison operator to focus a search to a specific customer in the Orders table in the Northwind database.

SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE CustomerID = 'VINET'

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SQL Server CE Books Online

= (Equals)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull

expressions, the result is TRUE when both operands are equal; otherwise, the result is
FALSE.

Up One Level
SQL Overview Syntax
+ (Add)
+ (Positive) expression = expression

+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) Arguments
- (Negative)
expression
* (Multiply) Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
(SQL Server CE). Both expressions must have implicitly convertible data types.
/ (Divide) The conversion depends on the rules of data type precedence.

% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Result Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) bit

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Examples
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) The following example uses the equals comparison operator to focus a search to a specific
customer in the Orders table in the Northwind database.
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE CustomerID = 'VINET'
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
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©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
ACOS Trademarks |Privacy Statement
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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> (Greater Than) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

> (Greater Than)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull expressions using this operator, the result is TRUE when the left operand
has a value higher than the right operand; otherwise, the result is FALSE.

Syntax

expression > expression

Arguments

Result Types

bit

Examples

The following example uses the greater than comparison operator to find all orders in the Order Details table of the Northwind database with quantities
of more than 100 units.

SELECT * FROM "Order Details" WHERE Quantity > '100'

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> (Greater Than)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull

expressions using this operator, the result is TRUE when the left operand has a value higher
than the right operand; otherwise, the result is FALSE.

Up One Level
SQL Overview Syntax
+ (Add)
+ (Positive) expression > expression

% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Result Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) bit

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Examples
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) The following example uses the greater than comparison operator to find all orders in the
Order Details table of the Northwind database with quantities of more than 100 units.
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) SELECT * FROM "Order Details" WHERE Quantity > '100'
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter
ABS
©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
ACOS Trademarks |Privacy Statement
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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< (Less Than) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

< (Less Than)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull expressions using this operator, the result is TRUE when the left operand
has a value lower than the right operand; otherwise, the result is FALSE.

Syntax

expression < expression

Arguments

Result Types

bit

Examples

The following example uses the less than comparison operator to find all orders in the Order Details table of the Northwind database with quantities
fewer than 10 units.

SELECT * FROM "Order Details" WHERE Quantity < '10'

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< (Less Than)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull

expressions using this operator, the result is TRUE when the left operand has a value lower
than the right operand; otherwise, the result is FALSE.

Up One Level
SQL Overview Syntax
+ (Add)
+ (Positive) expression < expression

% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Result Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) bit

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Examples
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) The following example uses the less than comparison operator to find all orders in the
Order Details table of the Northwind database with quantities fewer than 10 units.
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) SELECT * FROM "Order Details" WHERE Quantity < '10'
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter
ABS
©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
ACOS Trademarks |Privacy Statement
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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>= (Greater Than or Equal To) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull expressions using this operator, the result is TRUE when the left operand
has a value higher than or equal to the right operand; otherwise, the result is FALSE.

Syntax

expression > = expression

Arguments

Result Types

bit

Examples

The following example uses the greater than or equal to comparison operator to find all orders in the Order Details table of the Northwind database
with quantities equal to or more than 100 units.

SELECT * FROM "Order Details" WHERE Quantity >= '100'

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>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull

expressions using this operator, the result is TRUE when the left operand has a value higher
than or equal to the right operand; otherwise, the result is FALSE.

Up One Level
SQL Overview Syntax
+ (Add)
+ (Positive) expression > = expression

% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Result Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) bit

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Examples
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) The following example uses the greater than or equal to comparison operator to find all
orders in the Order Details table of the Northwind database with quantities equal to or
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) more than 100 units.

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) SELECT * FROM "Order Details" WHERE Quantity >= '100'

!= (Not Equal To)

!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
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ALTER TABLE
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ASIN

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<= (Less Than or Equal To) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull expressions using this operator, the result is TRUE when the left operand
has a value lower than or equal to the right operand; otherwise, the result is FALSE.

Syntax

expression < = expression

Arguments

Result Types

bit

Examples

The following example uses the less than or equal to comparison operator to find all orders in the Order Details table of the Northwind database with
quantities equal to or less than 10 units.

SELECT * FROM "Order Details" WHERE Quantity <= '10'

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<= (Less Than or Equal To)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull

expressions using this operator, the result is TRUE when the left operand has a value lower
than or equal to the right operand; otherwise, the result is FALSE.

Up One Level
SQL Overview Syntax
+ (Add)
+ (Positive) expression < = expression

% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Result Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) bit

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Examples
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) The following example uses the less than or equal to comparison operator to find all orders
in the Order Details table of the Northwind database with quantities equal to or less than
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) 10 units.

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) SELECT * FROM "Order Details" WHERE Quantity <= '10'

!= (Not Equal To)

!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
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ASIN

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<> (Not Equal To) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

<> (Not Equal To)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull expressions using this operator, the result is TRUE when the left operand
is not equal to the right operand; otherwise, the result is FALSE.

Syntax

expression < > expression

Arguments

Result Types

bit

Examples

The following example uses the not equal to comparison operator to find all orders in the Order Details table of the Northwind database with quantities
not equal to 100 units.

SELECT * FROM "Order Details" WHERE Quantity <> '100'

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<> (Not Equal To)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull

expressions using this operator, the result is TRUE when the left operand is not equal to the
right operand; otherwise, the result is FALSE.

Up One Level
SQL Overview Syntax
+ (Add)
+ (Positive) expression < > expression

% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Result Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) bit

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Examples
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) The following example uses the not equal to comparison operator to find all orders in the
Order Details table of the Northwind database with quantities not equal to 100 units.
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) SELECT * FROM "Order Details" WHERE Quantity <> '100'
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
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ABS
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ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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!= (Not Equal To) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

!= (Not Equal To)

Tests whether one expression is not equal to another expression (a comparison operator). Functions the same as Not Equal To (<>).

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!= (Not Equal To)

Tests whether one expression is not equal to another expression (a comparison operator).
Functions the same as Not Equal To (<>).

Up One Level
SQL Overview
+ (Add)
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

- (Subtract) ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |

Trademarks |Privacy Statement
- (Negative)
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
ABS
ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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!< (Not Less Than) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

!< (Not Less Than)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull expressions using this operator, the result is TRUE when the left operand
does not have a value lower than the right operand; otherwise, the result is FALSE.

Syntax

expression ! < expression

Arguments

Result Types

bit

Examples

The following example uses the not less than comparison operator to find all orders in the Order Details table of the Northwind database with quantities
that are equal to or more than 100 units.

SELECT * FROM "Order Details" WHERE Quantity !< '100'

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!< (Not Less Than)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull

expressions using this operator, the result is TRUE when the left operand does not have a
value lower than the right operand; otherwise, the result is FALSE.

Up One Level
SQL Overview Syntax
+ (Add)
+ (Positive) expression ! < expression

% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Result Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) bit

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Examples
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) The following example uses the not less than comparison operator to find all orders in the
Order Details table of the Northwind database with quantities that are equal to or more
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) than 100 units.

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) SELECT * FROM "Order Details" WHERE Quantity !< '100'

!= (Not Equal To)

!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
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ASIN

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!> (Not Greater Than) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

!> (Not Greater Than)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull expressions using this operator, the result is TRUE when the left operand
does not have a value higher than the right operand; otherwise, the result is FALSE.

Syntax

expression ! > expression

Arguments

Result Types

bit

Examples

The following example uses the not greater than comparison operator to find all orders in the Order Details table of the Northwind database with
quantities equal to or less than 10 units.

SELECT * FROM "Order Details" WHERE Quantity !> '10'

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!> (Not Greater Than)

Compares two expressions (a comparison operator). When you compare nonnull

expressions using this operator, the result is TRUE when the left operand does not have a
value higher than the right operand; otherwise, the result is FALSE.

Up One Level
SQL Overview Syntax
+ (Add)
+ (Positive) expression ! > expression

% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Result Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) bit

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Examples
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) The following example uses the not greater than comparison operator to find all orders in
the Order Details table of the Northwind database with quantities equal to or less than
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) 10 units.

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) SELECT * FROM "Order Details" WHERE Quantity !> '10'

!= (Not Equal To)

!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
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ASIN

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@@IDENTITY (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

@@IDENTITY

Returns the last-inserted identity value.

Syntax

@@IDENTITY

Return Types

numeric

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MSDN Library Go MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows
Server System > Microsoft SQL Server > SQL Server 2000 Windows CE
Advanced Search Edition > Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 > SQL
Reference for SQL Server CE

SQL Server CE Books Online

Up One Level @@IDENTITY

SQL Overview
+ (Add) Returns the last-inserted identity value.
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Syntax
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) @@IDENTITY
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Return Types
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) numeric
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
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< (Less Than)
©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) Privacy Statement
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
ABS
ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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ABS (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

ABS

Returns the absolute, positive value of the given numeric expression.

Syntax

ABS ( numeric_expression )

Arguments

numeric_expression
Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or types that are implicitly convertible to float.

Return Types

Returns the same type as numeric_expression except for the following expressions.

Specified expression Return type

tinyint, smallint int

real/float float

Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

Examples

The following example returns the absolute value of the difference between the units of products in stock and units of products that have been ordered in the
Products table of the Northwind database.

SELECT (UnitsInStock - UnitsOnOrder), ABS(UnitsInStock - UnitsOnOrder)

FROM Products

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Returns the absolute, positive value of the given numeric expression.

Syntax
Up One Level
ABS ( numeric_expression )
SQL Overview
+ (Add)
Arguments
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) numeric_expression
- (Subtract) Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or types that are implicitly convertible to float.

- (Negative)
* (Multiply) Return Types
/ (Divide)
Returns the same type as numeric_expression except for the following expressions.
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) Specified expression Return type
tinyint, smallint int
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) real/float float

~ (Bitwise NOT) Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) Examples
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) The following example returns the absolute value of the difference between the units of products in stock and units of products that have been ordered in the
Products table of the Northwind database.
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To) SELECT (UnitsInStock - UnitsOnOrder), ABS(UnitsInStock - UnitsOnOrder)
!= (Not Equal To) FROM Products

!< (Not Less Than)

!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY

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ABS
ACOS Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

ALL ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |Privacy Statement
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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ACOS (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

ACOS

Returns the angle, in radians, whose cosine is the given float expression; also called arccosine.

Syntax

ACOS ( float_expression )

Arguments

float_expression
Is an expression of the type float, or of types that can be implicitly converted to float, with a value from -1 through 1. Values outside this
range return NULL and report a domain error.

Return Types

float

Examples

The following example returns the arccosine of the cosine of various angles.

CREATE TABLE Acosine ("COS(0)" float, "COS(PI()/6)" float, "COS(PI()/4)" float, "COS(PI()/3)" float, "COS(PI()/2)" float)
INSERT INTO Acosine VALUES (COS(0), COS(PI()/6), COS(PI()/4), COS(PI()/3), COS(PI()/2))
SELECT ACOS ("COS(0)"), ACOS ("COS(PI()/6)"), ACOS ("COS(PI()/4)"), ACOS ("COS(PI()/3)"), ACOS ("COS(PI()/2)")
FROM Acosine

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SQL Server CE Books Online
ACOS

Returns the angle, in radians, whose cosine is the given float expression; also called arccosine.

Syntax
Up One Level
SQL Overview ACOS ( float_expression )

+ (Add)
+ (Positive) Arguments
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) float_expression
Is an expression of the type float, or of types that can be implicitly converted to float, with a value from -1
- (Negative) through 1. Values outside this range return NULL and report a domain error.

* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Return Types
% (Modulo)
float
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Examples
~ (Bitwise NOT)
The following example returns the arccosine of the cosine of various angles.
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than)
CREATE TABLE Acosine ("COS(0)" float, "COS(PI()/6)" float, "COS(PI()/4)" float, "COS(PI()/3)" float,
"COS(PI()/2)" float)

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

INSERT INTO Acosine VALUES (COS(0), COS(PI()/6), COS(PI()/4), COS(PI()/3), COS(PI()/2))
SELECT ACOS ("COS(0)"), ACOS ("COS(PI()/6)"), ACOS ("COS(PI()/4)"), ACOS ("COS(PI()/3)"), ACOS ("COS(PI()/2)")

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

FROM Acosine

<> (Not Equal To)

!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
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ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE

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REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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ALL (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

ALL

Compares a scalar value with a single-column set of values.

Syntax

scalar_expression { = | <> | != | > | >= | !> | < | <= | !< } ALL ( subquery )

Arguments

scalar_expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
{ = | <> | != | > | >= | !> | < | <= | !< }
Is a comparison operator.
subquery
Is a subquery that returns a result set of one column. The data type of the returned column must be the same data type as the data type of
scalar_expression.

subquery is a restricted SELECT statement (the ORDER BY clause, the COMPUTE clause, and the INTO keyword are not allowed).

Return Types

bit

Result Value

Returns TRUE when the comparison specified is TRUE for all pairs (scalar_expression, x) where x is a value in the single-column set; otherwise, returns
FALSE.

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ALL

Compares a scalar value with a single-column set of values.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) scalar_expression { = | <> | != | > | >= | !> | < | <= | !< } ALL ( subquery )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
scalar_expression
- (Negative) Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
(SQL Server CE).
* (Multiply) { = | <> | != | > | >= | !> | < | <= | !< }
Is a comparison operator.
/ (Divide) subquery
Is a subquery that returns a result set of one column. The data type of the
% (Modulo) returned column must be the same data type as the data type of
scalar_expression.
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) subquery is a restricted SELECT statement (the ORDER BY clause, the COMPUTE
clause, and the INTO keyword are not allowed).
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Return Types
> (Greater Than)
bit
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) Result Value
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To) Returns TRUE when the comparison specified is TRUE for all pairs (scalar_expression, x)
where x is a value in the single-column set; otherwise, returns FALSE.
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
ABS
ACOS
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ALL
ALTER TABLE ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
Trademarks |Privacy Statement
AND
ASIN

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ALTER TABLE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

ALTER TABLE

Modifies a table definition by altering, adding, or dropping columns and constraints.

Syntax

ALTER TABLE table_name

{ [ ALTER COLUMN column_name
{DROP DEFAULT
| SET DEFAULT constant_expression
| IDENTITY [ ( seed , increment ) ]
}
| ADD
{ < column_definition > | < table_constraint > } [ ,...n ]
| DROP
{ [ CONSTRAINT ] constraint_name
| COLUMN column }
] }
< column_definition > ::=
{ column_name data_type }
[ [ DEFAULT constant_expression ]
| IDENTITY [ ( seed , increment ) ]
]
[ROWGUIDCOL]
[ < column_constraint > ] [ ...n ] ]
< column_constraint > ::=
[ NULL | NOT NULL ]
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{
| { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
| REFERENCES ref_table [ ( ref_column ) ]
[ ON DELETE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
[ ON UPDATE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
}
< table_constraint > ::=
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ [ { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
{ ( column [ ,...n ] ) }
| FOREIGN KEY
[ ( column [ ,...n ] ) ]
REFERENCES ref_table [ ( ref_column [ ,...n ] ) ]
[ ON DELETE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
[ ON UPDATE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
}

Arguments

table_name
Is the name of the new table. Table names must conform to the rules for identifiers. table_name must be unique within the database.
table_name can contain a maximum of 128 characters.
ALTER COLUMN
Specifies that the given column is to be changed or altered.
column_name
Is the name of a column in the table. Column names must conform to the rules for identifiers and must be unique in the table.
data_type
Specifies the column data type. For information about data types, see Data Types.
DEFAULT
Specifies the value provided for the column when a value is not explicitly supplied during an insert action. DEFAULT definitions can be applied
to any column except those defined by the IDENTITY property. DEFAULT definitions are removed when the table is dropped. Only a constant
value, such as a character string or a date function, can be used as a default.
IDENTITY
Indicates that the new column is an identity column. When a new row is added to the table, Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE
Edition (SQL Server CE) provides a unique, incremental value for the column. Identity columns are commonly used in conjunction with
PRIMARY KEY constraints to serve as the unique row identifier for the table. The IDENTITY property can be assigned only to int columns. Only
one identity column can be created per table. Bound defaults and DEFAULT constraints cannot be used with an identity column. You must
specify both the seed and increment, or neither. If neither is specified, the default is (1,1).
seed
Is the value used for the first row that is loaded into the table.
increment
Is the incremental value added to the identity value of the previous row that is loaded.
ADD
Specifies that one or more column definitions, computed column definitions, or table constraints are added.
DROP { [CONSTRAINT] constraint_name | COLUMN column}

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Specifies that constraint_name or column_name is to be removed from the table.

ROWGUIDCOL
Indicates that the new column is a row global unique identifier column. Only one uniqueidentifier column per table can be designated as the
ROWGUIDCOL column. The ROWGUIDCOL property can be assigned only to a uniqueidentifier column.

ROWGUIDCOL automatically generates values for new rows inserted into the table.
NULL | NOT NULL
Are keywords that specify whether null values are allowed in the column. NULL is not strictly a constraint but can be specified in the same
manner as NOT NULL.
CONSTRAINT
Is an optional keyword indicating the beginning of a definition for a PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, or FOREIGN KEY constraint. Constraints are special
properties that enforce data integrity and create special types of indexes for the table and its columns.
constraint_name
Is the name of a constraint. constraint_name is optional and must be unique within a database. If constraint_name is not specified, SQL Server
CE generates a constraint name.
PRIMARY KEY
Is a constraint that enforces entity integrity for a given column or columns using a unique index. Only one PRIMARY KEY constraint can be
created per table.
UNIQUE
Is a constraint that provides entity integrity for a given column or columns using a unique index. Columns in a UNIQUE constraint must also be
NOT NULL. A table can have multiple UNIQUE constraints.

Note SQL Server CE can use indexes to enforce PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE constraints. You should not rely on this behavior nor
try to manipulate any indexes that are created as part of a constraint.

FOREIGN KEY...REFERENCES
Is a constraint that provides referential integrity for the data in the column. FOREIGN KEY constraints require that each value in the column
exists in the specified column in the referenced table.
ref_table
Is the name of the table referenced by the FOREIGN KEY constraint.
( ref_column [ ,...n ] )
Is a column or list of columns from the table referenced by the FOREIGN KEY constraint.
ON DELETE {CASCADE | NO ACTION}
Specifies what action takes place to a row in the table that is created when that row has a referential relationship and the referenced row is
deleted from the parent table. The default is NO ACTION.

If CASCADE is specified, a row is deleted from the referencing table when the corresponding referenced row is deleted from the
parent table. If NO ACTION is specified, SQL Server CE raises an error, and the delete action on the referenced row in the parent
table is rolled back.

For example, in the Northwind database, the Orders table has a referential relationship with the Customers table: the
Orders.CustomerID foreign key references the Customers.CustomerID primary key.

If a DELETE statement is executed on a row in the Customers table and an ON DELETE CASCADE action is specified for
Orders.CustomerID, SQL Server CE checks for one or more dependent rows in the Orders table. If any exist, the dependent
rows in the Orders table are deleted, as well as the row referenced in the Customers table.

Alternately, if NO ACTION is specified, SQL Server CE raises an error and rolls back the delete action on the row in the Customers
table when there is at least one row in the Orders table that references it.

ON UPDATE {CASCADE | NO ACTION}

Specifies what action takes place to a row in the table created, when that row has a referential relationship and the referenced row is updated
in the parent table. The default is NO ACTION.

If CASCADE is specified, the row is updated in the referencing table if the corresponding referenced row is updated in the parent
table. If NO ACTION is specified, SQL Server CE raises an error, and the update action on the referenced row in the parent table is
rolled back.

For example, in the Northwind database, the Orders table has a referential relationship with the Customers table: the
Orders.CustomerID foreign key references the Customers.CustomerID primary key.

If an UPDATE statement is executed on a row in the Customers table and an ON UPDATE CASCADE action is specified for
Orders.CustomerID, SQL Server CE checks for one or more dependent rows in the Orders table. If any exist, the dependent
rows in the Orders table are updated, as well as the row referenced in the Customers table.

Alternately, if NO ACTION is specified, SQL Server CE raises an error and rolls back the update action on the referenced row in the
Customers table when there is at least one row in the Orders table that references it.

column
Is a column or list of columns, in parentheses, used in table constraints to indicate the columns used in the definition of the constraint.

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ALTER TABLE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

n
Is a placeholder indicating that the preceding item can be repeated n number of times.

Examples

A. Changing the seed and increment values on the identity column

The following example changes the seed and increment values on the identity column.

CREATE TABLE MyCustomers (CustID INTEGER IDENTITY (100,1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName NvarChar (50))
INSERT INTO MyCustomers (CompanyName) VALUES ('A. Datum Corporation')
ALTER TABLE MyCustomers ALTER COLUMN CustId IDENTITY (200, 2)

B. Adding a default value to the identity column

The following example modifies the CompanyName column so that it has a default value.

ALTER TABLE MyCustomers ALTER COLUMN CompanyName SET DEFAULT 'A. Datum Corporation'

C. Dropping a default value from the identity column

The following example modifies the CompanyName column so that it does not have a default value.

ALTER TABLE MyCustomers ALTER COLUMN CompanyName DROP DEFAULT

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ALTER TABLE

Modifies a table definition by altering, adding, or dropping columns and constraints.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) ALTER TABLE table_name
{ [ ALTER COLUMN column_name
+ (Positive) {DROP DEFAULT
| SET DEFAULT constant_expression
+ (String Concatenation) | IDENTITY [ ( seed , increment ) ]
}
- (Subtract) | ADD
{ < column_definition > | < table_constraint > } [ ,...n ]
- (Negative) | DROP
{ [ CONSTRAINT ] constraint_name
* (Multiply) ] }
| COLUMN column }

/ (Divide) < column_definition > ::=

{ column_name data_type }
% (Modulo) [ [ DEFAULT constant_expression ]
| IDENTITY [ ( seed , increment ) ]
& (Bitwise AND) ]
[ROWGUIDCOL]
| (Bitwise OR) [ < column_constraint > ] [ ...n ] ]
< column_constraint > ::=
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) [ NULL | NOT NULL ]
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
~ (Bitwise NOT) {
| { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
= (Equals) | REFERENCES ref_table [ ( ref_column ) ]
[ ON DELETE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
> (Greater Than) }
[ ON UPDATE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]

< (Less Than) < table_constraint > ::=

[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) { [ { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
{ ( column [ ,...n ] ) }
<= (Less Than or Equal To) | FOREIGN KEY
[ ( column [ ,...n ] ) ]
<> (Not Equal To) REFERENCES ref_table [ ( ref_column [ ,...n ] ) ]
[ ON DELETE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
!= (Not Equal To) }
[ ON UPDATE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]

!< (Not Less Than)

!> (Not Greater Than) Arguments
@@IDENTITY
ABS table_name
Is the name of the new table. Table names must conform to the rules for identifiers.
ACOS table_name must be unique within the database. table_name can contain a maximum of 128
characters.
ALL ALTER COLUMN
Specifies that the given column is to be changed or altered.
ALTER TABLE column_name
Is the name of a column in the table. Column names must conform to the rules for identifiers
AND and must be unique in the table.
data_type
ASIN Specifies the column data type. For information about data types, see Data Types.
DEFAULT
ATAN Specifies the value provided for the column when a value is not explicitly supplied during an
insert action. DEFAULT definitions can be applied to any column except those defined by the
ATN2 IDENTITY property. DEFAULT definitions are removed when the table is dropped. Only a
constant value, such as a character string or a date function, can be used as a default.
AVG IDENTITY
Indicates that the new column is an identity column. When a new row is added to the table,
BETWEEN Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) provides a unique,
incremental value for the column. Identity columns are commonly used in conjunction with

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PRIMARY KEY constraints to serve as the unique row identifier for the table. The IDENTITY
CASE property can be assigned only to int columns. Only one identity column can be created per
table. Bound defaults and DEFAULT constraints cannot be used with an identity column. You
CEILING must specify both the seed and increment, or neither. If neither is specified, the default is (1,1).
CHARINDEX seed
Is the value used for the first row that is loaded into the table.
COALESCE increment
Is the incremental value added to the identity value of the previous row that is loaded.
COLLATE ADD
Specifies that one or more column definitions, computed column definitions, or table constraints
CONVERT are added.
DROP { [CONSTRAINT] constraint_name | COLUMN column}
COS ROWGUIDCOL
Specifies that constraint_name or column_name is to be removed from the table.

COT Indicates that the new column is a row global unique identifier column. Only one
uniqueidentifier column per table can be designated as the ROWGUIDCOL column. The
COUNT ROWGUIDCOL property can be assigned only to a uniqueidentifier column.

CREATE DATABASE
ROWGUIDCOL automatically generates values for new rows inserted into the table.
CREATE INDEX NULL | NOT NULL
Are keywords that specify whether null values are allowed in the column. NULL is not strictly a
CREATE TABLE constraint but can be specified in the same manner as NOT NULL.
DATALENGTH CONSTRAINT
Is an optional keyword indicating the beginning of a definition for a PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, or
Data Types FOREIGN KEY constraint. Constraints are special properties that enforce data integrity and
create special types of indexes for the table and its columns.
DATEADD constraint_name
Is the name of a constraint. constraint_name is optional and must be unique within a database.
DATEDIFF PRIMARY KEY
If constraint_name is not specified, SQL Server CE generates a constraint name.

DATENAME Is a constraint that enforces entity integrity for a given column or columns using a unique index.
Only one PRIMARY KEY constraint can be created per table.
DATEPART UNIQUE
Is a constraint that provides entity integrity for a given column or columns using a unique index.
DDL Statements Columns in a UNIQUE constraint must also be NOT NULL. A table can have multiple UNIQUE
constraints.
DEGREES
DELETE Note SQL Server CE can use indexes to enforce PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE
constraints. You should not rely on this behavior nor try to manipulate any indexes
DML Statements that are created as part of a constraint.

DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE FOREIGN KEY...REFERENCES
Is a constraint that provides referential integrity for the data in the column. FOREIGN KEY
EXISTS constraints require that each value in the column exists in the specified column in the
referenced table.
EXP ref_table
Is the name of the table referenced by the FOREIGN KEY constraint.
Expressions ( ref_column [ ,...n ] )
Is a column or list of columns from the table referenced by the FOREIGN KEY constraint.
FLOOR ON DELETE {CASCADE | NO ACTION}
Specifies what action takes place to a row in the table that is created when that row has a
FROM Clause referential relationship and the referenced row is deleted from the parent table. The default is
NO ACTION.
Functions
GETDATE If CASCADE is specified, a row is deleted from the referencing table when the
corresponding referenced row is deleted from the parent table. If NO ACTION is
GROUP BY Clause specified, SQL Server CE raises an error, and the delete action on the referenced
row in the parent table is rolled back.
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property) For example, in the Northwind database, the Orders table has a referential
IN relationship with the Customers table: the Orders.CustomerID foreign key
references the Customers.CustomerID primary key.
Information Schema
INSERT If a DELETE statement is executed on a row in the Customers table and an ON
DELETE CASCADE action is specified for Orders.CustomerID, SQL Server CE
IS [NOT] NULL checks for one or more dependent rows in the Orders table. If any exist, the
dependent rows in the Orders table are deleted, as well as the row referenced in
LEN the Customers table.

LIKE
Alternately, if NO ACTION is specified, SQL Server CE raises an error and rolls back
LOG the delete action on the row in the Customers table when there is at least one row
in the Orders table that references it.
LOG10
LOWER ON UPDATE {CASCADE | NO ACTION}
LTRIM Specifies what action takes place to a row in the table created, when that row has a referential
relationship and the referenced row is updated in the parent table. The default is NO ACTION.
MAX
MIN If CASCADE is specified, the row is updated in the referencing table if the
corresponding referenced row is updated in the parent table. If NO ACTION is
NCHAR specified, SQL Server CE raises an error, and the update action on the referenced
row in the parent table is rolled back.
NEWID
NOT For example, in the Northwind database, the Orders table has a referential
relationship with the Customers table: the Orders.CustomerID foreign key
Operators references the Customers.CustomerID primary key.

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OR If an UPDATE statement is executed on a row in the Customers table and an ON

UPDATE CASCADE action is specified for Orders.CustomerID, SQL Server CE
ORDER BY Clause checks for one or more dependent rows in the Orders table. If any exist, the
dependent rows in the Orders table are updated, as well as the row referenced in
PATINDEX the Customers table.

PI
POWER Alternately, if NO ACTION is specified, SQL Server CE raises an error and rolls back
the update action on the referenced row in the Customers table when there is at
RADIANS least one row in the Orders table that references it.

RAND
column
REPLACE Is a column or list of columns, in parentheses, used in table constraints to indicate the columns
used in the definition of the constraint.
REPLICATE n
Is a placeholder indicating that the preceding item can be repeated n number of times.
Reserved Words
ROUND Examples
RTRIM
SELECT Statement A. Changing the seed and increment values on the identity column
SIGN
SIN The following example changes the seed and increment values on the identity column.

SOME | ANY
SPACE CREATE TABLE MyCustomers (CustID INTEGER IDENTITY (100,1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName NvarChar (50))
INSERT INTO MyCustomers (CompanyName) VALUES ('A. Datum Corporation')
SQRT ALTER TABLE MyCustomers ALTER COLUMN CustId IDENTITY (200, 2)

STR
STUFF B. Adding a default value to the identity column
SUBSTRING
The following example modifies the CompanyName column so that it has a default value.
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
ALTER TABLE MyCustomers ALTER COLUMN CompanyName SET DEFAULT 'A. Datum Corporation'

UNION
C. Dropping a default value from the identity column
UPDATE
UPPER The following example modifies the CompanyName column so that it does not have a default value.
WHERE Clause
ALTER TABLE MyCustomers ALTER COLUMN CompanyName DROP DEFAULT

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AND (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

AND

Combines two Boolean expressions and returns TRUE when both expressions are TRUE. When more than one logical operator is used in a statement, AND
operators are evaluated first. You can change the order of evaluation by using parentheses.

Syntax

Boolean_expression AND boolean_expression

Arguments

Boolean_expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) that returns a Boolean value: TRUE, FALSE, or
UNKNOWN.

Result Types

bit

Result Value

Returns TRUE when both expressions are TRUE.

Examples

The following example uses AND to get the total cost of a specific order for a particular product in the Northwind database.

SELECT UnitPrice * Quantity AS "Total Cost" FROM "Order Details" WHERE ProductID = '11' AND OrderID = '10248'

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SQL Server CE Books Online
AND

Combines two Boolean expressions and returns TRUE when both expressions are TRUE. When more than one logical
operator is used in a statement, AND operators are evaluated first. You can change the order of evaluation by using
parentheses.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) Boolean_expression AND boolean_expression

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) Boolean_expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) that returns a
* (Multiply) Boolean value: TRUE, FALSE, or UNKNOWN.

/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) Result Types
& (Bitwise AND)
bit
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT) Result Value
= (Equals)
Returns TRUE when both expressions are TRUE.
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) Examples
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
The following example uses AND to get the total cost of a specific order for a particular product in the Northwind
<> (Not Equal To) database.

!= (Not Equal To)

!< (Not Less Than) SELECT UnitPrice * Quantity AS "Total Cost" FROM "Order Details" WHERE ProductID = '11' AND OrderID = '10248'

!> (Not Greater Than)

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REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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SQL Server CE Books Online

ASIN

Returns the angle, in radians, whose sine is the given float expression (also called arcsine).

Syntax

ASIN ( float_expression )

Arguments

float_expression
Is an expression of the type float, or of types that can be implicitly converted to float, with a value from -1 through 1. Values outside this
range report a domain error.

Return Types

float

Examples

The following example returns the arcsine of the sine of various angles.

CREATE TABLE Asine ("SIN(0)" float, "SIN(PI()/6)" float, "SIN(PI()/4)" float, "SIN(PI()/3)" float, "SIN(PI()/2)" float)
INSERT INTO Asine VALUES (SIN(0), SIN(PI()/6), SIN(PI()/4), SIN(PI()/3), SIN(PI()/2))
SELECT ASIN("SIN(0)"), ASIN("SIN(PI()/6)"), ASIN("SIN(PI()/4)"), ASIN("SIN(PI()/3)"), ASIN("SIN(PI()/2)")
FROM Asine

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SQL Server CE Books Online
ASIN

Returns the angle, in radians, whose sine is the given float expression (also called arcsine).

Syntax
Up One Level
SQL Overview ASIN ( float_expression )

+ (Add)
+ (Positive) Arguments
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) float_expression
Is an expression of the type float, or of types that can be implicitly converted to float, with a value from -
- (Negative) 1 through 1. Values outside this range report a domain error.

* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Return Types
% (Modulo)
float
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Examples
~ (Bitwise NOT)
The following example returns the arcsine of the sine of various angles.
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than)
CREATE TABLE Asine ("SIN(0)" float, "SIN(PI()/6)" float, "SIN(PI()/4)" float, "SIN(PI()/3)" float,
"SIN(PI()/2)" float)

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

INSERT INTO Asine VALUES (SIN(0), SIN(PI()/6), SIN(PI()/4), SIN(PI()/3), SIN(PI()/2))
SELECT ASIN("SIN(0)"), ASIN("SIN(PI()/6)"), ASIN("SIN(PI()/4)"), ASIN("SIN(PI()/3)"), ASIN("SIN(PI()/2)")

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

FROM Asine

<> (Not Equal To)

!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
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ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX

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RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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ATAN (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

ATAN

Returns the angle in radians whose tangent is the given float expression (also called arctangent).

Syntax

ATAN ( float_expression )

Arguments

float_expression
Is an expression of the type float, or of types that can be implicitly converted to float.

Return Types

float

Examples

The following example returns the arctangent of the tangent of various angles.

CREATE TABLE Atangent ("TAN(0)" float, "TAN(PI()/6)" float, "TAN(PI()/4)" float, "TAN(PI()/3)" float, "TAN(PI()/2)" float)
INSERT INTO Atangent VALUES (TAN(0), TAN(PI()/6), TAN(PI()/4), TAN(PI()/3), TAN(PI()/2))
SELECT ATAN("TAN(0)"), ATAN("TAN(PI()/6)"), ATAN("TAN(PI()/4)"), ATAN("TAN(PI()/3)"), ATAN("TAN(PI()/2)")
FROM Atangent

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Advanced Search
SQL Server CE Books Online
ATAN

Returns the angle in radians whose tangent is the given float expression (also called arctangent).

Syntax
Up One Level
SQL Overview ATAN ( float_expression )

+ (Add)
+ (Positive) Arguments
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) float_expression
Is an expression of the type float, or of types that can be implicitly converted to float.
- (Negative)
* (Multiply) Return Types
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) float

& (Bitwise AND)

| (Bitwise OR) Examples
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT) The following example returns the arctangent of the tangent of various angles.

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) CREATE TABLE Atangent ("TAN(0)" float, "TAN(PI()/6)" float, "TAN(PI()/4)" float, "TAN(PI()/3)" float,

< (Less Than)

"TAN(PI()/2)" float)
INSERT INTO Atangent VALUES (TAN(0), TAN(PI()/6), TAN(PI()/4), TAN(PI()/3), TAN(PI()/2))

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

SELECT ATAN("TAN(0)"), ATAN("TAN(PI()/6)"), ATAN("TAN(PI()/4)"), ATAN("TAN(PI()/3)"), ATAN("TAN(PI()/2)")
FROM Atangent

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than) Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter
@@IDENTITY
©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |Privacy Statement
ABS
ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX

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RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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AVG (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

AVG

Returns the average of the values in a group. Null values are ignored.

Syntax

AVG ( [ ALL ] expression )

Arguments

ALL
Applies the aggregate function to all values. ALL is the default.
expression
Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, except for the bit data type. Aggregate functions and subqueries
are not permitted.

Return Types

The return type is determined by the type of the evaluated result of expression.

Expression result Return type

integer category int

numeric category (p, s) numeric(28, s) divided by numeric(10, 0)

money category money

float and real category float

Examples

The following example uses the Orders table in the Northwind database. The example determines the average freight shipped to a company that has a
CustomerID of VINET in 1996.

--Get all OrderIDs for the VINET CustomerID.

SELECT OrderID, ShippedDate FROM Orders WHERE CustomerID = 'VINET'

This is the result set:

OrderID ShippedDate
----------------------------------
10248 1996-07-16 00:00:00.000
10274 1996-08-16 00:00:00.000
10295 1996-09-10 00:00:00.000
10737 1997-11-18 00:00:00.000
10739 1997-11-17 00:00:00.000

--Get the average freight for all orders shipped in 1996.

SELECT AVG(Freight) AS "Average 1996 Freight" FROM Orders WHERE CustomerID = 'VINET' AND OrderID IN (10248, 10274, 10295)

This is the result set:

Average 1996 Freight

--------------------
13.18

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AVG (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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Returns the average of the values in a group. Null values are ignored.

Syntax
Up One Level
AVG ( [ ALL ] expression )
SQL Overview
+ (Add)
Arguments
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) ALL
- (Subtract) expression
Applies the aggregate function to all values. ALL is the default.

- (Negative) Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, except for the bit data type. Aggregate functions and subqueries
are not permitted.
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Return Types
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) The return type is determined by the type of the evaluated result of expression.

| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Expression result Return type
~ (Bitwise NOT) integer category int

= (Equals) numeric category (p, s) numeric(28, s) divided by numeric(10, 0)

money category money

> (Greater Than) float and real category float

< (Less Than)

>= (Greater Than or Equal To) Examples
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To) The following example uses the Orders table in the Northwind database. The example determines the average freight shipped to a company that has a
CustomerID of VINET in 1996.
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
--Get all OrderIDs for the VINET CustomerID.
SELECT OrderID, ShippedDate FROM Orders WHERE CustomerID = 'VINET'

@@IDENTITY
This is the result set:

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ABS OrderID ShippedDate

ACOS ----------------------------------
10248 1996-07-16 00:00:00.000
ALL 10274
10295
1996-08-16 00:00:00.000
1996-09-10 00:00:00.000
ALTER TABLE 10737
10739
1997-11-18 00:00:00.000
1997-11-17 00:00:00.000
AND --Get the average freight for all orders shipped in 1996.
ASIN SELECT AVG(Freight) AS "Average 1996 Freight" FROM Orders WHERE CustomerID = 'VINET' AND OrderID IN (10248,
10274, 10295)
ATAN
ATN2 This is the result set:

AVG
BETWEEN Average 1996 Freight
--------------------
CASE 13.18

CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

COS ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |Privacy Statement
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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BETWEEN (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

BETWEEN

Specifies a range to test.

Syntax

test_expression [ NOT ] BETWEEN begin_expression AND end_expression

Arguments

test_expression
Is the expression to test for in the range defined by begin_expression and end_expression. test_expression must be the same data type as
both begin_expression and end_expression.
NOT
Specifies that the result of the predicate be negated.
begin_expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE). begin_expression must be the same data
type as both test_expression and end_expression.
end_expression
Is any valid expression in SQL Server CE. end_expression must be the same data type as both test_expression and begin_expression.
AND
Acts as a placeholder indicating that test_expression should be within the range indicated by begin_expression and end_expression.

Result Types

bit

Result Value

BETWEEN returns TRUE if the value of test_expression is greater than or equal to the value of begin_expression and less than or equal to the value of
end_expression.

NOT BETWEEN returns TRUE if the value of test_expression is less than the value of begin_expression or greater than the value of end_expression.

Remarks

To specify an exclusive range, use the greater than (>) and less than (<) operators. If any input to the BETWEEN or NOT BETWEEN predicate is NULL, the
result is UNKNOWN.

Examples

The following example identifies the products in the Northwind database with 35 or fewer units in stock.

SELECT ProductID, ProductName FROM Products WHERE UnitsInStock BETWEEN '0' AND '35'

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BETWEEN (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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BETWEEN

Specifies a range to test.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) test_expression [ NOT ] BETWEEN begin_expression AND end_expression

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
test_expression
- (Negative) Is the expression to test for in the range defined by begin_expression and
end_expression. test_expression must be the same data type as both
* (Multiply) begin_expression and end_expression.
NOT
/ (Divide) Specifies that the result of the predicate be negated.
begin_expression
% (Modulo) Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
(SQL Server CE). begin_expression must be the same data type as both
& (Bitwise AND) test_expression and end_expression.
end_expression
| (Bitwise OR) Is any valid expression in SQL Server CE. end_expression must be the same
data type as both test_expression and begin_expression.
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) AND
Acts as a placeholder indicating that test_expression should be within the range
~ (Bitwise NOT) indicated by begin_expression and end_expression.

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) Result Types
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) bit

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) Result Value
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than) BETWEEN returns TRUE if the value of test_expression is greater than or equal to the value
of begin_expression and less than or equal to the value of end_expression.
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY NOT BETWEEN returns TRUE if the value of test_expression is less than the value of
ABS begin_expression or greater than the value of end_expression.

ACOS
ALL Remarks
ALTER TABLE
AND To specify an exclusive range, use the greater than (>) and less than (<) operators. If any
input to the BETWEEN or NOT BETWEEN predicate is NULL, the result is UNKNOWN.
ASIN

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ATAN Examples
ATN2
AVG The following example identifies the products in the Northwind database with 35 or fewer
units in stock.
BETWEEN
CASE SELECT ProductID, ProductName FROM Products WHERE UnitsInStock BETWEEN '0' AND '35'
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter
COS
©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
COT Trademarks |Privacy Statement
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10

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CASE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

CASE

Evaluates a list of conditions and returns one of multiple possible result expressions.

CASE has two formats:

● The simple CASE function compares an expression to a set of simple expressions to determine the result.
● The searched CASE function evaluates a set of Boolean expressions to determine the result.

Both formats support an optional ELSE argument.

Syntax

Simple CASE function:

CASE input_expression
WHEN when_expression THEN result_expression
[ ...n ]
[
ELSE else_result_expression
]
END

Searched CASE function:

CASE
WHEN Boolean_expression THEN result_expression
[ ...n ]
[
ELSE else_result_expression
]
END

Arguments

input_expression
Is the expression evaluated when using the simple CASE format. input_expression is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000
Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
WHEN when_expression
Is a simple expression to which input_expression is compared when using the simple CASE format. when_expression is any valid SQL Server
expression. The data types of input_expression and each when_expression must be the same or must be implicitly converted.
n
Is a placeholder indicating that multiple WHEN when_expression THEN result_expression clauses, or multiple WHEN Boolean_expression THEN
result_expression clauses can be used.
THEN result_expression
Is the expression returned when input_expression equals when_expression evaluates to TRUE, or Boolean_expression evaluates to TRUE.
result expression is any valid SQL Server expression.
ELSE else_result_expression
Is the expression returned if no comparison operation evaluates to TRUE. If this argument is omitted and no comparison operation evaluates to
TRUE, CASE returns NULL. else_result_expression is any valid SQL Server expression. The data types of else_result_expression and any
result_expression must be the same or must be an implicit conversion.
WHEN Boolean_expression
Is the Boolean expression evaluated when using the searched CASE format. Boolean_expression is any valid Boolean expression.

Result Types

Returns the highest precedence type from the set of types in result_expressions and the optional else_result_expression.

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CASE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

Result Values

Simple CASE function:

● Evaluates input_expression, and then, in the order specified, evaluates input_expression = when_expression for each WHEN clause.
● Returns the result_expression of the first (input_expression = when_expression) that evaluates to TRUE.
● If no input_expression = when_expression evaluates to TRUE, else_result_expression is returned if an ELSE clause is specified, or NULL if no ELSE clause is specified.

Searched CASE function:

● Evaluates, in the order specified, Boolean_expression for each WHEN clause.

● Returns result_expression of the first Boolean_expression that evaluates to TRUE.
● If no Boolean_expression evaluates to TRUE, else_result_expression is returned if an ELSE clause is specified, or NULL if no ELSE clause is specified.

Examples

The following example returns the mode of shipping used for orders placed in the Northwind database.

SELECT ShipVia, CASE ShipVia

WHEN 1 THEN 'Speedy Express'
WHEN 2 THEN 'United Package'
WHEN 3 THEN 'Federal Shipping'
ELSE 'Unknown'
END
FROM Orders

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SQL Server CE Books Online

CASE

Evaluates a list of conditions and returns one of multiple possible result expressions.

CASE has two formats:

Up One Level
SQL Overview
The simple CASE function compares an expression to a set of simple expressions to determine the result.
+ (Add)
●

● The searched CASE function evaluates a set of Boolean expressions to determine the result.

+ (Positive)
Both formats support an optional ELSE argument.
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) Syntax
* (Multiply)
Simple CASE function:
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo)
CASE input_expression
& (Bitwise AND) WHEN when_expression THEN result_expression
[ ...n ]
| (Bitwise OR) [
ELSE else_result_expression
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) ]
END
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Searched CASE function:

> (Greater Than)

< (Less Than) CASE

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

WHEN Boolean_expression THEN result_expression
[ ...n ]

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

[
ELSE else_result_expression

<> (Not Equal To)

]
END

!= (Not Equal To)

!< (Not Less Than) Arguments
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY input_expression
Is the expression evaluated when using the simple CASE format.
ABS input_expression is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000
Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
ACOS WHEN when_expression
Is a simple expression to which input_expression is compared when using the
ALL simple CASE format. when_expression is any valid SQL Server expression. The
data types of input_expression and each when_expression must be the same or
ALTER TABLE must be implicitly converted.
n
AND Is a placeholder indicating that multiple WHEN when_expression THEN
result_expression clauses, or multiple WHEN Boolean_expression THEN
ASIN result_expression clauses can be used.
THEN result_expression
Is the expression returned when input_expression equals when_expression

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evaluates to TRUE, or Boolean_expression evaluates to TRUE. result expression

ATAN is any valid SQL Server expression.
ELSE else_result_expression
ATN2 Is the expression returned if no comparison operation evaluates to TRUE. If this
AVG argument is omitted and no comparison operation evaluates to TRUE, CASE
returns NULL. else_result_expression is any valid SQL Server expression. The
BETWEEN data types of else_result_expression and any result_expression must be the
same or must be an implicit conversion.
CASE WHEN Boolean_expression
Is the Boolean expression evaluated when using the searched CASE format.
CEILING Boolean_expression is any valid Boolean expression.

CHARINDEX
Result Types
COALESCE
COLLATE
Returns the highest precedence type from the set of types in result_expressions and the
CONVERT optional else_result_expression.

COS
COT Result Values
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE Simple CASE function:

CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE ● Evaluates input_expression, and then, in the order specified, evaluates input_expression = when_expression for
each WHEN clause.
Returns the result_expression of the first (input_expression = when_expression) that evaluates to TRUE.
DATALENGTH
●

● If no input_expression = when_expression evaluates to TRUE, else_result_expression is returned if an ELSE clause

is specified, or NULL if no ELSE clause is specified.

Data Types
DATEADD Searched CASE function:

DATEDIFF
DATENAME ●

●
Evaluates, in the order specified, Boolean_expression for each WHEN clause.
Returns result_expression of the first Boolean_expression that evaluates to TRUE.
If no Boolean_expression evaluates to TRUE, else_result_expression is returned if an ELSE clause is specified, or

DATEPART
●

NULL if no ELSE clause is specified.

DDL Statements
DEGREES Examples
DELETE
The following example returns the mode of shipping used for orders placed in the
DML Statements Northwind database.

DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE SELECT ShipVia, CASE ShipVia
WHEN 1 THEN 'Speedy Express'
EXISTS WHEN 2 THEN 'United Package'
WHEN 3 THEN 'Federal Shipping'
EXP ELSE 'Unknown'
END
Expressions FROM Orders

FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

HAVING Clause ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
IDENTITY (Property) Trademarks |Privacy Statement

IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10

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CEILING (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

CEILING

Returns the smallest integer that is greater than, or equal to, the given numeric expression.

Syntax

CEILING ( numeric_expression )

Arguments

numeric_expression
Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or types that is implicitly convertible to float (except for the bit
data type).

Return Types

Returns the same type as numeric_expression except for the following expressions.

Specified expression Return type

tinyint, smallint int

real/float float

Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

Examples

This example uses the CEILING function to round off the unit price for products in the Northwind database that are priced more than 100 dollars.

SELECT OrderID, UnitPrice, CEILING (UnitPrice) AS "CEILING"

FROM "Order Details"
WHERE UnitPrice > 100
ORDER BY UnitPrice

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Returns the smallest integer that is greater than, or equal to, the given numeric expression.

Syntax
Up One Level
CEILING ( numeric_expression )
SQL Overview
+ (Add)
Arguments
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) numeric_expression
- (Subtract) Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or types that is implicitly convertible to float (except for the bit
data type).
- (Negative)
* (Multiply) Return Types
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) Returns the same type as numeric_expression except for the following expressions.

& (Bitwise AND)

| (Bitwise OR) Specified expression Return type
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) tinyint, smallint int

~ (Bitwise NOT) real/float float

Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
Examples
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
This example uses the CEILING function to round off the unit price for products in the Northwind database that are priced more than 100 dollars.
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To) SELECT OrderID, UnitPrice, CEILING (UnitPrice) AS "CEILING"
!= (Not Equal To) FROM "Order Details"
WHERE UnitPrice > 100
!< (Not Less Than) ORDER BY UnitPrice

!> (Not Greater Than)

@@IDENTITY

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ABS
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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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CHARINDEX (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

CHARINDEX

Returns the starting position of the specified expression in a character string.

Syntax

CHARINDEX ( expression1 , expression2 [ , start_location ] )

Arguments

expression1
Is an expression containing the sequence of characters to be found. expression1 is an expression of the ntext type or a data type that can be
implicitly converted to nvarchar.
expression2
Is an expression, usually a column searched for the specified sequence. expression2 is an expression of the ntext type or a data type that can
be implicitly converted to nvarchar.
start_location
Is the character position to start searching for expression1 in expression2. If start_location is not given, is a negative number, or is 0, the
search starts at the beginning of expression2. start_location can be tinyint, smallint, int, or bigint.

Return Types

int

Examples

The following example searches for the expression 'an' from the last names of the employees in the Northwind database.

SELECT LastName, CHARINDEX('an', LastName) AS Position

FROM Employees

This is the result set:

LastName..............Position
------------------------------
Fuller................0
Peacock...............0
Callahan..............7
Davolio...............0
Leverling.............0
Buchanan..............5
Suyama................0
King..................0
Dodsworth.............0

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SQL Server CE Books Online

CHARINDEX

Returns the starting position of the specified expression in a character string.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) CHARINDEX ( expression1 , expression2 [ , start_location ] )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
expression1
- (Negative) Is an expression containing the sequence of characters to be found. expression1
is an expression of the ntext type or a data type that can be implicitly converted
* (Multiply) to nvarchar.
expression2
/ (Divide) Is an expression, usually a column searched for the specified sequence.
expression2 is an expression of the ntext type or a data type that can be
% (Modulo) implicitly converted to nvarchar.
start_location
& (Bitwise AND) Is the character position to start searching for expression1 in expression2. If
start_location is not given, is a negative number, or is 0, the search starts at the
| (Bitwise OR) beginning of expression2. start_location can be tinyint, smallint, int, or
bigint.
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
Return Types
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) int
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
Examples
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To) The following example searches for the expression 'an' from the last names of the
!= (Not Equal To) employees in the Northwind database.

!< (Not Less Than)

!> (Not Greater Than) SELECT LastName, CHARINDEX('an', LastName) AS Position
FROM Employees
@@IDENTITY
ABS This is the result set:

ACOS
ALL LastName..............Position
------------------------------
ALTER TABLE Fuller................0
Peacock...............0
AND Callahan..............7
Davolio...............0
ASIN Leverling.............0
Buchanan..............5
Suyama................0

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ATAN King..................0
Dodsworth.............0

ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter
CHARINDEX
©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
COALESCE Trademarks |Privacy Statement
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10

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COALESCE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

COALESCE

Returns the first nonnull expression among its arguments.

Syntax

COALESCE ( expression [ ,...n ] )

Arguments

expression
Is an expression of any data type.
n
Is a placeholder indicating that multiple expressions can be specified. All expressions must be of the same type or must be implicitly
convertible to the same type.

Return Types

Returns the highest precedence type from the set of types in expression.

Examples

In this example, the wages table is shown to include three columns with information about an employee's yearly wage: hourly_wage, salary, and
commission. However, an employee receives only one type of pay. To determine the total amount paid to all employees, use the COALESCE function to
receive only the nonnull value found in hourly_wage, salary, and commission.

CREATE TABLE wages

(
emp_id int identity,
hourly_wage numeric NULL,
salary numeric NULL,
commission numeric NULL,
num_sales int NULL
)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales) VALUES(10.00, NULL, NULL, NULL)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales) VALUES(20.00, NULL, NULL, NULL)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales) VALUES(30.00, NULL, NULL, NULL)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales) VALUES(40.00, NULL, NULL, NULL)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales) VALUES(NULL, 10000.00, NULL, NULL)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales) VALUES(NULL, 20000.00, NULL, NULL)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales) VALUES(NULL, 30000.00, NULL, NULL)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales) VALUES(NULL, 40000.00, NULL, NULL)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales) VALUES(NULL, NULL, 15000, 3)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales) VALUES(NULL, NULL, 25000, 2)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales) VALUES(NULL, NULL, 20000, 6)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales) VALUES(NULL, NULL, 14000, 4)
SELECT CONVERT(money, COALESCE(hourly_wage * 40 * 52,
salary,commission * num_sales)) AS "Total Salary"
FROM wages

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COALESCE

Returns the first nonnull expression among its arguments.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) COALESCE ( expression [ ,...n ] )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
expression
- (Negative) Is an expression of any data type.
n
* (Multiply) Is a placeholder indicating that multiple expressions can be specified. All expressions must
be of the same type or must be implicitly convertible to the same type.
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo)
Return Types
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) Returns the highest precedence type from the set of types in expression.
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
Examples
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) In this example, the wages table is shown to include three columns with information about an
< (Less Than) employee's yearly wage: hourly_wage, salary, and commission. However, an employee receives
only one type of pay. To determine the total amount paid to all employees, use the COALESCE
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) function to receive only the nonnull value found in hourly_wage, salary, and commission.

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) CREATE TABLE wages
(
!= (Not Equal To) emp_id
hourly_wage
int identity,
numeric NULL,
!< (Not Less Than) salary
commission
numeric
numeric
NULL,
NULL,
!> (Not Greater Than) num_sales
)
int NULL

@@IDENTITY INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales)

INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales)
VALUES(10.00, NULL, NULL, NULL)
VALUES(20.00, NULL, NULL, NULL)
ABS INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales)
VALUES(30.00, NULL, NULL, NULL)
VALUES(40.00, NULL, NULL, NULL)
ACOS INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales)
VALUES(NULL, 10000.00, NULL, NULL)
VALUES(NULL, 20000.00, NULL, NULL)
ALL INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales)
VALUES(NULL, 30000.00, NULL, NULL)
VALUES(NULL, 40000.00, NULL, NULL)
ALTER TABLE INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales)
VALUES(NULL, NULL, 15000, 3)
VALUES(NULL, NULL, 25000, 2)
AND INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales)
INSERT wages (hourly_wage, salary, commission, num_sales)
VALUES(NULL, NULL, 20000, 6)
VALUES(NULL, NULL, 14000, 4)
ASIN SELECT CONVERT(money, COALESCE(hourly_wage * 40 * 52,
salary,commission * num_sales)) AS "Total Salary"
ATAN FROM wages

ATN2
AVG

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BETWEEN
CASE
Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter
CEILING
CHARINDEX ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |
Privacy Statement
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM
MAX
MIN
NCHAR

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NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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COLLATE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

COLLATE

A clause that can be applied to a database definition to define the collation.

Syntax

COLLATE < collation_name >

< collation_name > :: =
< Windows_collation_name >
< Windows_collation_name >:: =
CollationDesignator_< ComparisonStyle >
< ComparisonStyle > :: =
CaseSensitivity_AccentSensitivity

Arguments

<collation_name>
Is the name of the collation to be applied to the database definition. <collation_name> can be only a specified <Windows_collation_name>.
<Windows_collation_name>
Is the collation name for Windows collation. For a list of Windows collation names supported in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
(SQL Server CE), see the Remarks section.
CollationDesignator
Specifies the base collation rules used by the Windows collation. The base collation rules cover the following:
● An alphabet or language whose sorting rules are applied when dictionary sorting is specified.
● A code page used to store non-Unicode character data.

For example, Latin1_General and French are collation designators that use code page 1252; Turkish is a collation designator that uses code page 1254.
CaseSensitivity
Specifies case-insensitive (CI). SQL Server CE supports this option only.
AccentSensitivity
Specifies accent-sensitive (AS). SQL Server CE supports this option only.

Remarks

All databases created without specifying the Windows collation name are assigned Latin1_General, the default collation. This is an example of a Windows collation
name: Latin1_General_CI_AS. This collation uses the Latin1 General dictionary sorting rules, code page 1252. It is case-insensitive and accent-sensitive.

Use the optional COLLATE clause to specify a collation different from the default. For example, to specify a Spanish collation, use a query such as:

CREATE DATABASE "SpanishDB.sdf" DATABASEPASSWORD '<MyPwd>' COLLATE Traditional_Spanish_CI_AS

The following table lists the supported Windows collation names. Ensure that the locale is supported on the device on which the database is created.

Note Some collation values might not be supported on some devices.

Cp/Collation Unique LCID Windows collation name Identical LCID group Supported Windows locales
1250 0x0000041C Albanian Albanian

1250 0x0000041a Croatian Croatian

1250 0x00000405 Czech Czech

1250 0x0000040e Hungarian Hungarian

1250 0x0001040e Hungarian_Technical

1250 0x00000415 Polish Polish

1250 0x00000418 Romanian Romanian

1250 0x0000041b Slovak Slovak

1250 0x00000424 Slovenian Slovenian

1251 0x00000419 Cyrillic_General 0x00000402, 0x00000423, 0x00000C1A, Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Russian, Serbian
0x0000081A

1251 0x00000422 Ukrainian Ukrainian

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COLLATE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

1251 0x0000042f FYRO Macedonian FYRO Macedonian

1252 0x00010407 German_PhoneBook PhoneBook Sort with German

1252 0x0000040f Icelandic Icelandic

1252 0x00000406 Danish_Norwegian 0x00000414, 0x00000814 Danish, Norwegian (Bokml), Norwegian (Nyorsk)

1252 0x0000040b Finnish_Swedish 0x0000041d, 0x0000081d Finnish, Swedish

1252 0x0000040c French 0x0000080c, 0x00000c0c, 0x0000140c, French (Belgium), French (Canada), French (Luxemburg), French
0x0000180c, 0x0000100c (Standard), French (Switzerland)

1252 0x00000409 Latin1_General 0x00000436, 0x0000042D, 0x00000813, Afrikaans, Basque, Catalan, Dutch (Belgium), Dutch (Standard),
0x00000C09, 0x00002809, 0x00001009, English (Australia), English (United Kingdom), English (Canada),
0x00002409, 0x00001809, 0x00002009, English (Caribbean), English (Ireland), English (Jamaican),
0x00001409, 0x00003409, 0x00001C09, English (New Zealand), English (South Africa), English (United
0x00002C09, 0x00000438, 0x00000437, States), Faeroese, German (Austria), German (Liechtenstein),
0x00000421, 0x00000416, 0x0000083e, German (Luxemburg), German (Standard), German
0x0000043e, 0x00000441, 0x00003009, (Switzerland), Indonesian, Italian, Italian (Switzerland),
0x00000809. 0x00000403, 0x00000413, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal)
0x00000407, 0x00000410, 0x00000816,
0x00000C07, 0x00001407, 0x00001007,
0x00000807, 0x00000810

1252 0x00000c0a Modern_Spanish 0x00002C0A, 0x0000400A, Spanish (Argentina), Spanish (Bolivia), Spanish (Chile), Spanish
0x0000340A, 0x0000240A, 0x0000140A, (Colombia), Spanish (Costa Rica), Spanish (Dominican Republic),
0x00001C0A, 0x0000300A, Spanish (Ecuador), Spanish (Guatemala), Spanish (Modern
0x0000440A, 0x0000100A, 0x0000480A, Sort), Spanish (Panama), Spanish (Paraguay), Spanish (Peru),
0x00004C0A, 0x0000180A, Spanish (Uruguay), Spanish (Venezuela)
0x00003C0A, 0x0000280A,
0x0000500A, 0x0000380A, 0x0000200A

1252 0x0000040a Traditional_Spanish 0x0000080a

1253 0x00000408 Greek Greek

1254 0x0000041f Turkish Turkish

1255 0x0000040d Hebrew Hebrew

1256 0x00000401 Arabic 0x00001401, 0x00003C01, 0x00000C01, Arabic (Algeria), Arabic (Bahrain), Arabic (Egypt), Arabic (Iraq),
0x00000801, 0x00002C01, 0x00003401, Arabic (Jordan), Arabic (Kuwait), Arabic (Lebanon), Arabic
0x00003001, 0x00001001, 0x00001801, (Libya), Arabic (Morocco), Arabic (Oman), Arabic (Qatar), Arabic
0x00002001, 0x00004001, 0x00002801, (Saudi Arabia), Arabic (Syria), Arabic (Tunisia), Arabic (United
0x00001C01, 0x00003801, 0x00002401, Arab Emirates), Arabic (Yemen), Farsi, Urdu
0x00000429, 0x00000420

1257 0x00000425 Estonian Estonian

1257 0x00000426 Latvian Latvian

1257 0x00000427 Lithuanian Lithuanian

1258 0x0000042a Vietnamese Vietnamese

874 0x0000041e Thai Thai

932 0x00000411 Japanese Japanese

932 0x00010411 Japanese_Unicode

936 0x00000804 Chinese_PRC 0x00000c04, 0x00001404, 0x00001004 Chinese (Hong Kong S.A.R.), Chinese (China), Chinese
(Singapore)

936 0x00020804 Chinese_PRC_Stroke 0x00020c04, 0x00021404, 0x00021004 Stroke Sort with Chinese (China)

949 0x00000412 Korean_Wansung Korean

949 0x00010412 Korean_Wansung_Unicode

950 0x00030404 Chinese_Taiwan_Bopomofo Bopomofo with Chinese (Taiwan)

950 0x00000404 Chinese_Taiwan_Stroke Chinese (Taiwan)

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A clause that can be applied to a database definition to define the collation.

Syntax
Up One Level
COLLATE < collation_name >
SQL Overview < collation_name > :: =
< Windows_collation_name >
+ (Add) < Windows_collation_name >:: =
CollationDesignator_< ComparisonStyle >
+ (Positive) < ComparisonStyle > :: =
CaseSensitivity_AccentSensitivity
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract)
Arguments
- (Negative)
* (Multiply) <collation_name>
/ (Divide) Is the name of the collation to be applied to the database definition. <collation_name> can be only a specified <Windows_collation_name>.
<Windows_collation_name>
% (Modulo) Is the collation name for Windows collation. For a list of Windows collation names supported in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
(SQL Server CE), see the Remarks section.
& (Bitwise AND) CollationDesignator
Specifies the base collation rules used by the Windows collation. The base collation rules cover the following:
| (Bitwise OR)
● An alphabet or language whose sorting rules are applied when dictionary sorting is specified.
● A code page used to store non-Unicode character data.

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)

For example, Latin1_General and French are collation designators that use code page 1252; Turkish is a collation designator that uses code page 1254.
~ (Bitwise NOT)
CaseSensitivity
= (Equals) Specifies case-insensitive (CI). SQL Server CE supports this option only.
AccentSensitivity
> (Greater Than) Specifies accent-sensitive (AS). SQL Server CE supports this option only.

< (Less Than)

>= (Greater Than or Equal To) Remarks
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
All databases created without specifying the Windows collation name are assigned Latin1_General, the default collation. This is an example of a Windows collation
<> (Not Equal To) name: Latin1_General_CI_AS. This collation uses the Latin1 General dictionary sorting rules, code page 1252. It is case-insensitive and accent-sensitive.

!= (Not Equal To)

!< (Not Less Than) Use the optional COLLATE clause to specify a collation different from the default. For example, to specify a Spanish collation, use a query such as:

!> (Not Greater Than)

@@IDENTITY CREATE DATABASE "SpanishDB.sdf" DATABASEPASSWORD '<MyPwd>' COLLATE Traditional_Spanish_CI_AS

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The following table lists the supported Windows collation names. Ensure that the locale is supported on the device on which the database is created.
ABS
ACOS Note Some collation values might not be supported on some devices.
ALL
ALTER TABLE
Cp/Collation Unique LCID Windows collation name Identical LCID group Supported Windows locales
AND 1250 0x0000041C Albanian Albanian

ASIN 1250 0x0000041a Croatian Croatian

ATAN 1250 0x00000405 Czech Czech

1250 0x0000040e Hungarian Hungarian

ATN2 1250 0x0001040e Hungarian_Technical

AVG 1250 0x00000415 Polish Polish

BETWEEN
1250 0x00000418 Romanian Romanian

1250 0x0000041b Slovak Slovak

CASE 1250 0x00000424 Slovenian Slovenian

CEILING 1251 0x00000419 Cyrillic_General 0x00000402, 0x00000423, 0x00000C1A,

0x0000081A
Bulgarian, Byelorussian, Russian, Serbian

CHARINDEX 1251 0x00000422 Ukrainian Ukrainian

COALESCE
1251 0x0000042f FYRO Macedonian FYRO Macedonian

1252 0x00010407 German_PhoneBook PhoneBook Sort with German

COLLATE 1252 0x0000040f Icelandic Icelandic

CONVERT 1252 0x00000406 Danish_Norwegian 0x00000414, 0x00000814 Danish, Norwegian (Bokml), Norwegian (Nyorsk)

1252 0x0000040b Finnish_Swedish 0x0000041d, 0x0000081d Finnish, Swedish

COS 1252 0x0000040c French 0x0000080c, 0x00000c0c, 0x0000140c, French (Belgium), French (Canada), French (Luxemburg), French
0x0000180c, 0x0000100c (Standard), French (Switzerland)
COT 1252 0x00000409 Latin1_General 0x00000436, 0x0000042D, 0x00000813, Afrikaans, Basque, Catalan, Dutch (Belgium), Dutch (Standard),

COUNT
0x00000C09, 0x00002809, 0x00001009, English (Australia), English (United Kingdom), English (Canada),
0x00002409, 0x00001809, 0x00002009, English (Caribbean), English (Ireland), English (Jamaican),
0x00001409, 0x00003409, 0x00001C09, English (New Zealand), English (South Africa), English (United

CREATE DATABASE
0x00002C09, 0x00000438, 0x00000437, States), Faeroese, German (Austria), German (Liechtenstein),
0x00000421, 0x00000416, 0x0000083e, German (Luxemburg), German (Standard), German
0x0000043e, 0x00000441, 0x00003009, (Switzerland), Indonesian, Italian, Italian (Switzerland),

CREATE INDEX 0x00000809. 0x00000403, 0x00000413,

0x00000407, 0x00000410, 0x00000816,
Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal)

0x00000C07, 0x00001407, 0x00001007,

CREATE TABLE 0x00000807, 0x00000810

1252 0x00000c0a Modern_Spanish 0x00002C0A, 0x0000400A, Spanish (Argentina), Spanish (Bolivia), Spanish (Chile), Spanish
DATALENGTH 0x0000340A, 0x0000240A, 0x0000140A,
0x00001C0A, 0x0000300A,
(Colombia), Spanish (Costa Rica), Spanish (Dominican Republic),
Spanish (Ecuador), Spanish (Guatemala), Spanish (Modern
0x0000440A, 0x0000100A, 0x0000480A, Sort), Spanish (Panama), Spanish (Paraguay), Spanish (Peru),
Data Types 0x00004C0A, 0x0000180A,
0x00003C0A, 0x0000280A,
Spanish (Uruguay), Spanish (Venezuela)

DATEADD
0x0000500A, 0x0000380A, 0x0000200A

1252 0x0000040a Traditional_Spanish 0x0000080a

DATEDIFF 1253 0x00000408 Greek Greek

DATENAME 1254 0x0000041f Turkish Turkish

1255 0x0000040d Hebrew Hebrew

DATEPART 1256 0x00000401 Arabic 0x00001401, 0x00003C01, 0x00000C01, Arabic (Algeria), Arabic (Bahrain), Arabic (Egypt), Arabic (Iraq),
0x00000801, 0x00002C01, 0x00003401, Arabic (Jordan), Arabic (Kuwait), Arabic (Lebanon), Arabic
DDL Statements 0x00003001, 0x00001001, 0x00001801,
0x00002001, 0x00004001, 0x00002801,
(Libya), Arabic (Morocco), Arabic (Oman), Arabic (Qatar), Arabic
(Saudi Arabia), Arabic (Syria), Arabic (Tunisia), Arabic (United
0x00001C01, 0x00003801, 0x00002401, Arab Emirates), Arabic (Yemen), Farsi, Urdu
DEGREES 0x00000429, 0x00000420

DELETE
1257 0x00000425 Estonian Estonian

1257 0x00000426 Latvian Latvian

DML Statements 1257 0x00000427 Lithuanian Lithuanian

DROP INDEX 1258 0x0000042a Vietnamese Vietnamese

874 0x0000041e Thai Thai

DROP TABLE 932 0x00000411 Japanese Japanese

EXISTS 932 0x00010411 Japanese_Unicode

EXP 936 0x00000804 Chinese_PRC 0x00000c04, 0x00001404, 0x00001004 Chinese (Hong Kong S.A.R.), Chinese (China), Chinese
(Singapore)

Expressions 936 0x00020804 Chinese_PRC_Stroke 0x00020c04, 0x00021404, 0x00021004 Stroke Sort with Chinese (China)

949 0x00000412 Korean_Wansung Korean

FLOOR 949 0x00010412 Korean_Wansung_Unicode

FROM Clause 950 0x00030404 Chinese_Taiwan_Bopomofo Bopomofo with Chinese (Taiwan)

950 0x00000404 Chinese_Taiwan_Stroke Chinese (Taiwan)

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Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM
MAX
MIN
NCHAR
NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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CONVERT (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

CONVERT

Explicitly converts an expression of one data type to another.

Syntax

CONVERT ( data_type [ ( length ) ] , expression [ , style ] )

Arguments

data_type
Is the target system-supplied data type, including bigint.
length
Is an optional parameter of nchar, nvarchar, binary, or varbinary data types.
expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
style
Is the style of date format used to convert datetime data to character data (nchar, nvarchar, nchar, or nvarchar data types), or the string format when
converting float, real, or money data to character data (nchar, nvarchar, nchar, or nvarchar data types).

SQL Server CE supports the date format in Arabic style, using the Kuwaiti algorithm.

In the table, the two columns on the left represent the style values for datetime conversion to character data. Add 100 to a style value to get a four-place
year that includes the century (yyyy).

Without century (yy) With century (yyyy) Standard Input/Output2

- 0 or 100 1 Default mon dd yyyy hh:miAM (or PM)

1 101 USA mm/dd/yy

2 102 ANSI yy.mm.dd

3 103 British/French dd/mm/yy

4 104 German dd.mm.yy

5 105 Italian dd-mm-yy

6 106 - dd mon yy

7 107 - Mon dd, yy

8 108 - hh:mm:ss

- 9 or 109 1 Default + milliseconds mon dd yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM (or PM)

10 110 USA mm-dd-yy

11 111 JAPAN yy/mm/dd

12 112 ISO yymmdd

- 13 or 113 1 Europe default + milliseconds dd mon yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmm(24h)

14 114 - hh:mi:ss:mmm(24h)

- 20 or 120 1 ODBC canonical yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss(24h)

- 21 or 121 1 ODBC canonical (with milliseconds) yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss.mmm(24h)

- 1263 ISO8601 yyyy-mm-dd Thh:mm:ss.mmm(no spaces)

- 1301 Hijri4 dd mon yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM

- 1311 Hijri4 dd/mm/yy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM

1 The default values (style 0 or 100, 9 or 109, 13 or 113, 20 or 120, and 21 or 121) always return the century (yyyy).
2 Input when converting to datetime; output when converting to character data.
3 Designed for XML use. For conversion from datetime or smalldatetime to character data, the output format is as described in the table. For conversion
from float, money, or smallmoney to character data, the output is equivalent to style 2. For conversion from real to character data, the output is
equivalent to style 1.
4 Hijri is a calendar system with several variations, of which Microsoft SQL Server 2000 uses the Kuwaiti algorithm.

The following table shows the style values for float or real conversion to character data.

Value Output
0 (default) Maximum of 6 digits. Use in scientific notation, when appropriate.

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CONVERT (SQL Server CE Books Online)

1 Always 8 digits. Always use in scientific notation.

2 Always 16 digits. Always use in scientific notation.

In the following table, the column on the left represents the style value for money conversion to character data.

Value Output
0 (default) No commas every 3 digits to the left of the decimal point, and 2 digits to the right of the decimal point (for example, 4235.98).

1 Commas every 3 digits to the left of the decimal point, and 2 digits to the right of the decimal point (for example, 3,510.92).

2 No commas every 3 digits to the left of the decimal point, and 4 digits to the right of the decimal point (for example, 4235.9819).

Return Types

Returns the same value as the data_type argument.

Remarks

Examples

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CONVERT (SQL Server CE Books Online)

The following example converts a datetime value in the Northwind database to an nvarchar value.

SELECT OrderDate, CONVERT(nvarchar(10), OrderDate, 101)

FROM Orders

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Explicitly converts an expression of one data type to another.

Syntax
Up One Level
CONVERT ( data_type [ ( length ) ] , expression [ , style ] )
SQL Overview
+ (Add)
Arguments
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) data_type
- (Subtract) length
Is the target system-supplied data type, including bigint.

- (Negative) expression
Is an optional parameter of nchar, nvarchar, binary, or varbinary data types.

* (Multiply) style
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).

/ (Divide) Is the style of date format used to convert datetime data to character data (nchar, nvarchar, nchar, or nvarchar data types), or the string format when
converting float, real, or money data to character data (nchar, nvarchar, nchar, or nvarchar data types).
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) SQL Server CE supports the date format in Arabic style, using the Kuwaiti algorithm.

| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) In the table, the two columns on the left represent the style values for datetime conversion to character data. Add 100 to a style value to get a four-place
year that includes the century (yyyy).
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) Without century (yy) With century (yyyy) Standard Input/Output2

< (Less Than) - 0 or 100 1 Default mon dd yyyy hh:miAM (or PM)

1 101 USA mm/dd/yy

>= (Greater Than or Equal To) 2 102 ANSI yy.mm.dd

<= (Less Than or Equal To) 3 103 British/French dd/mm/yy

<> (Not Equal To) 4 104 German dd.mm.yy

5 105 Italian dd-mm-yy

!= (Not Equal To) 6 106 - dd mon yy

!< (Not Less Than) 7 107 - Mon dd, yy

8 108 - hh:mm:ss
!> (Not Greater Than) - 9 or 109 1 Default + milliseconds mon dd yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM (or PM)

@@IDENTITY 10 110 USA mm-dd-yy

11 111 JAPAN yy/mm/dd

12 112 ISO yymmdd

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- 13 or 113 1 Europe default + milliseconds dd mon yyyy hh:mm:ss:mmm(24h)

ABS 14 114 - hh:mi:ss:mmm(24h)

ACOS - 20 or 120 1 ODBC canonical yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss(24h)

- 21 or 121 1 ODBC canonical (with milliseconds) yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss.mmm(24h)

ALL - 1263 ISO8601 yyyy-mm-dd Thh:mm:ss.mmm(no spaces)

ALTER TABLE - 1301 Hijri4 dd mon yyyy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM

- 1311 Hijri4 dd/mm/yy hh:mi:ss:mmmAM

AND
ASIN
1 The default values (style 0 or 100, 9 or 109, 13 or 113, 20 or 120, and 21 or 121) always return the century (yyyy).
ATAN 2 Input when converting to datetime; output when converting to character data.
3 Designed for XML use. For conversion from datetime or smalldatetime to character data, the output format is as described in the table. For conversion
ATN2 from float, money, or smallmoney to character data, the output is equivalent to style 2. For conversion from real to character data, the output is
equivalent to style 1.
AVG 4 Hijri is a calendar system with several variations, of which Microsoft SQL Server 2000 uses the Kuwaiti algorithm.

BETWEEN
CASE The following table shows the style values for float or real conversion to character data.

CEILING
CHARINDEX Value Output
COALESCE 0 (default) Maximum of 6 digits. Use in scientific notation, when appropriate.

COLLATE 1 Always 8 digits. Always use in scientific notation.

2 Always 16 digits. Always use in scientific notation.

CONVERT
COS In the following table, the column on the left represents the style value for money conversion to character data.
COT
COUNT
Value Output
CREATE DATABASE 0 (default) No commas every 3 digits to the left of the decimal point, and 2 digits to the right of the decimal point (for example, 4235.98).

CREATE INDEX 1 Commas every 3 digits to the left of the decimal point, and 2 digits to the right of the decimal point (for example, 3,510.92).

CREATE TABLE 2 No commas every 3 digits to the left of the decimal point, and 4 digits to the right of the decimal point (for example, 4235.9819).

DATALENGTH
Data Types Return Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF Returns the same value as the data_type argument.

DATENAME
DATEPART Remarks
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions

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GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM
MAX
MIN
NCHAR
NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM Examples
SELECT Statement
SIGN The following example converts a datetime value in the Northwind database to an nvarchar value.

SIN
SOME | ANY SELECT OrderDate, CONVERT(nvarchar(10), OrderDate, 101)
FROM Orders
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF

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SUBSTRING
SUM Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

TAN ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |Privacy Statement
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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COUNT (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

COUNT

Returns the number of items in a group.

Syntax

COUNT ( { [ ALL ] expression | * } )

Arguments

ALL
Applies the aggregate function to all values. ALL is the default.
expression
Is an expression of any type except uniqueidentifier, image, or ntext. Aggregate functions and subqueries are not permitted.
*
Specifies that all rows should be counted to return the total number of rows in a table. COUNT(*) takes no parameters. COUNT(*) does not
require an expression parameter because, by definition, it does not use information about any particular column. COUNT(*) returns the
number of rows in a specified table without eliminating duplicates. It counts each row separately, including rows that contain null values.

Return Types

int

Examples

The following example counts the discontinued items in the Products table in the Northwind database.

SELECT COUNT(ProductID) AS "Total Discontinued" FROM Products WHERE Discontinued = 1

This is the result set:

Total Discontinued
--------------------
8

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SQL Server CE Books Online

COUNT

Returns the number of items in a group.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) COUNT ( { [ ALL ] expression | * } )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
ALL
- (Negative) Applies the aggregate function to all values. ALL is the default.
expression
* (Multiply) Is an expression of any type except uniqueidentifier, image, or ntext.
Aggregate functions and subqueries are not permitted.
/ (Divide) *
Specifies that all rows should be counted to return the total number of rows in a
% (Modulo) table. COUNT(*) takes no parameters. COUNT(*) does not require an expression
parameter because, by definition, it does not use information about any
& (Bitwise AND) particular column. COUNT(*) returns the number of rows in a specified table
without eliminating duplicates. It counts each row separately, including rows that
| (Bitwise OR) contain null values.

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)

~ (Bitwise NOT) Return Types
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) int

< (Less Than)

>= (Greater Than or Equal To) Examples
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To) The following example counts the discontinued items in the Products table in the
Northwind database.
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than) SELECT COUNT(ProductID) AS "Total Discontinued" FROM Products WHERE Discontinued = 1
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY This is the result set:

ABS
ACOS Total Discontinued
--------------------
ALL 8

ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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CREATE DATABASE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

CREATE DATABASE

Creates a new database and the file used to store the database.

Note To execute the CREATE DATABASE statement, you must be connected to a database. For information about connecting to a
database, see Using SQL Server CE Query Analyzer.

Syntax

CREATE DATABASE database_name

[DATABASEPASSWORD 'database_password'
[ENCRYPTION {ON|OFF}]
]
[COLLATE collation_name comparison_style]
database password ::= identifier

Arguments

database_name
Is the name of the new database. database_name is a file name and is restricted by the naming and size limitations of the operating system.
Any valid character that can be used in a file name can be used for the database name. If a path name is not specified, the database is created
in the current directory. The file extension for a database name in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) is
.sdf.
'database_password'
Is the name of the password that allows for the database to be opened. SQL Server CE returns an error if a user connects to a password-
protected database without a password. database_password must be enclosed in single quotation marks.

If the optional ENCRYPTION ON keyword is passed, the database is encrypted with 128-bit encryption.
collation_name
Specifies the default collation for the database. collation_name can only be a Windows collation. If collation_name is not specified, the
database is assigned the default collation of the device. For a list of collation names, see COLLATE.
comparison_style
Specifies the comparison style of characters. SQL Server CE supports only CI_AS (case insensitive and accent sensitive).

collation_name and comparison_style must not be enclosed in single or double quotation marks.

Examples

A. Creating a password-protected database

The following example creates a database with a password.

CREATE DATABASE "\test1.SDF" DATABASEPASSWORD '<tst1_pwd>'

When a user tries to connect to a password-protected database without supplying the correct password, SQL Server CE returns this error:

Error: 0x80040e4d DB_SEC_E_AUTH_FAILED

Minor Error: (25028)
Description: Authentication failed.
Interface defining error: IID_IDBInitialize
Param. 0:0
Param. 1:0
Param. 2:0
Param. 3:
Param. 4:
Param. 5:

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CREATE DATABASE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

For information about errors, see SQL Server CE Errors.

B. Creating a database with a collation specified

The following example specifies a specific collation for the database being created.

CREATE DATABASE "SpanishDB.sdf" DATABASEPASSWORD '<MyPwd>' COLLATE Traditional_Spanish_CI_AS

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SQL Server CE Books Online

CREATE DATABASE

Creates a new database and the file used to store the database.

Note To execute the CREATE DATABASE statement, you must be connected

Up One Level to a database. For information about connecting to a database, see Using SQL

SQL Overview Server CE Query Analyzer.

+ (Add)
+ (Positive) Syntax
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) CREATE DATABASE database_name
[DATABASEPASSWORD 'database_password'
- (Negative) [ENCRYPTION {ON|OFF}]
]
* (Multiply) [COLLATE collation_name comparison_style]
database password ::= identifier
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo)
Arguments
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) database_name
Is the name of the new database. database_name is a file name and is restricted by the
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) naming and size limitations of the operating system. Any valid character that can be used
in a file name can be used for the database name. If a path name is not specified, the
~ (Bitwise NOT) database is created in the current directory. The file extension for a database name in
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) is .sdf.
= (Equals) 'database_password'
> (Greater Than) Is the name of the password that allows for the database to be opened. SQL Server CE
returns an error if a user connects to a password-protected database without a password.
< (Less Than) database_password must be enclosed in single quotation marks.

>= (Greater Than or Equal To) If the optional ENCRYPTION ON keyword is passed, the database is encrypted with 128-bit
<= (Less Than or Equal To) encryption.
collation_name
<> (Not Equal To) Specifies the default collation for the database. collation_name can only be a Windows
collation. If collation_name is not specified, the database is assigned the default collation
!= (Not Equal To) of the device. For a list of collation names, see COLLATE.
!< (Not Less Than) comparison_style
Specifies the comparison style of characters. SQL Server CE supports only CI_AS (case
!> (Not Greater Than) insensitive and accent sensitive).

@@IDENTITY
collation_name and comparison_style must not be enclosed in single or double quotation
ABS marks.

ACOS
ALL Examples
ALTER TABLE
AND A. Creating a password-protected database
ASIN
ATAN The following example creates a database with a password.

ATN2
AVG CREATE DATABASE "\test1.SDF" DATABASEPASSWORD '<tst1_pwd>'

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BETWEEN When a user tries to connect to a password-protected database without supplying the correct
password, SQL Server CE returns this error:
CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX
Error: 0x80040e4d DB_SEC_E_AUTH_FAILED
Minor Error: (25028)

COALESCE
Description: Authentication failed.
Interface defining error: IID_IDBInitialize

COLLATE
Param. 0:0
Param. 1:0

CONVERT
Param. 2:0
Param. 3:

COS
Param. 4:
Param. 5:

COT
COUNT For information about errors, see SQL Server CE Errors.

CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX B. Creating a database with a collation specified
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH The following example specifies a specific collation for the database being created.

Data Types
DATEADD CREATE DATABASE "SpanishDB.sdf" DATABASEPASSWORD '<MyPwd>' COLLATE Traditional_Spanish_CI_AS

DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
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DML Statements Privacy Statement

DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM
MAX
MIN
NCHAR

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CREATE INDEX (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

CREATE INDEX

Creates an index on a given table.

Syntax

CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX index_name

ON table ( column [ ASC | DESC ] [ ,...n ] )

Arguments

UNIQUE
Creates a unique index (one in which no two rows are permitted to have the same index value) on a table.

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) checks for duplicate values when the index is created (if data
already exists) and checks each time data is added with an INSERT or UPDATE statement. Duplicates must be eliminated before a
unique index can be created on the column(s). If duplicate key values exist, the CREATE INDEX statement is canceled and an error
is returned. A unique index can be created only on columns that are defined as NOT NULL.

When a unique index exists, UPDATE or INSERT statements that would generate duplicate key values are rolled back, and SQL
Server CE returns an error. This is true even if the UPDATE or INSERT statement changes many rows but causes only one
duplicate.

index_name
Is the name of the index. Index names must be unique within a table but do not need to be unique within a database. Index names must
follow the rules of identifiers.
table
Is the table that contains the column or columns to be indexed.
column
Is the column or columns to which the index applies. Specify two or more column names to create a composite index on the combined values
in the specified columns. List the columns to be included in the composite index (in sort-priority order) inside the parentheses after table.

Note Columns consisting of the ntext or image data types cannot be specified as columns for an index.

Important All columns in a UNIQUE INDEX must have NOT NULL specified.

[ASC | DESC]
Determines the sort direction for the particular index column: ASC, the default, is ascending; and DESC is descending.
n
Is a placeholder indicating that multiple columns can be specified for any particular index. The maximum number of columns that can
participate in an index is 10.

Examples

The following example creates a unique index on the MyCustomers table.

CREATE TABLE MyCustomers (CustID int, CompanyName nvarchar(50))

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idxCustId ON MyCustomers (CustId)

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SQL Server CE Books Online

CREATE INDEX

Creates an index on a given table.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX index_name
ON table ( column [ ASC | DESC ] [ ,...n ] )
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) UNIQUE
Creates a unique index (one in which no two rows are permitted to have the
* (Multiply) same index value) on a table.

/ (Divide)
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server
% (Modulo) CE) checks for duplicate values when the index is created (if data
already exists) and checks each time data is added with an INSERT
& (Bitwise AND) or UPDATE statement. Duplicates must be eliminated before a unique
index can be created on the column(s). If duplicate key values exist,
| (Bitwise OR) the CREATE INDEX statement is canceled and an error is returned. A
unique index can be created only on columns that are defined as
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) NOT NULL.

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) When a unique index exists, UPDATE or INSERT statements that
would generate duplicate key values are rolled back, and SQL Server
> (Greater Than) CE returns an error. This is true even if the UPDATE or INSERT
statement changes many rows but causes only one duplicate.
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) index_name
Is the name of the index. Index names must be unique within a table but do not
<= (Less Than or Equal To) need to be unique within a database. Index names must follow the rules of
identifiers.
<> (Not Equal To) table
Is the table that contains the column or columns to be indexed.
!= (Not Equal To) column
Is the column or columns to which the index applies. Specify two or more
!< (Not Less Than) column names to create a composite index on the combined values in the
specified columns. List the columns to be included in the composite index (in
!> (Not Greater Than) sort-priority order) inside the parentheses after table.

@@IDENTITY
Note Columns consisting of the ntext or image data types cannot
ABS be specified as columns for an index.

ACOS
ALL Important All columns in a UNIQUE INDEX must have NOT NULL
specified.
ALTER TABLE
AND
[ASC | DESC]
ASIN Determines the sort direction for the particular index column: ASC, the default,
is ascending; and DESC is descending.
n

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ATAN Is a placeholder indicating that multiple columns can be specified for any
particular index. The maximum number of columns that can participate in an
ATN2 index is 10.

AVG
BETWEEN Examples
CASE
The following example creates a unique index on the MyCustomers table.
CEILING
CHARINDEX
CREATE TABLE MyCustomers (CustID int, CompanyName nvarchar(50))
COALESCE CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idxCustId ON MyCustomers (CustId)

COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
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CREATE DATABASE ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
CREATE INDEX Trademarks |Privacy Statement

CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10

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CREATE TABLE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

CREATE TABLE

Creates a new table.

Syntax

CREATE TABLE table_name

( { < column_definition > | < table_constraint > } [ ,...n ]
)
< column_definition > ::=
{ column_name data_type }
[ { DEFAULT constant_expression
| [ IDENTITY [ ( seed , increment ) ]
]
} ]
[ ROWGUIDCOL ]
[ < column_constraint > [ ...n ] ]
< column_constraint > ::=
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ [ NULL | NOT NULL ]
| [ PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE ]
| REFERENCES ref_table [ ( ref_column ) ]
[ ON DELETE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
[ ON UPDATE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
}
< table_constraint > ::=
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ [ { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
{ ( column [ ,...n ] ) }
]
| FOREIGN KEY
[ ( column [ ,...n ] ) ]
REFERENCES ref_table ( ref_column [ ,...n ] )
[ ON DELETE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
[ ON UPDATE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
}

Arguments

table_name
Is the name of the new table. Table names must conform to the rules for identifiers. table_name must be unique within the database.
table_name can contain a maximum of 128 characters.
column_name
Is the name of a column in the table. Column names must conform to the rules for identifiers and must be unique in the table.
data_type
Specifies the column data type. For information about data types, see Data Types.
DEFAULT
Specifies the value provided for the column when a value is not explicitly supplied during an insert action. DEFAULT definitions can be applied
to any column, except those defined by the IDENTITY property. DEFAULT definitions are removed when the table is dropped. A constant value,
such as a character string, or a date function can be used as a default.
IDENTITY
Indicates that the new column is an identity column. When a new row is added to the table, Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE
Edition (SQL Server CE) provides a unique, incremental value for the column. Identity columns are commonly used in conjunction with
PRIMARY KEY constraints to serve as the unique row identifier for the table. The IDENTITY property can be assigned only to int columns. Only
one identity column can be created per table. Bound defaults and DEFAULT constraints cannot be used with an identity column. You must
specify both the seed and increment or neither. If neither is specified, the default is (1,1).
seed
Is the value used for the first row that is loaded into the table.
increment
Is the incremental value added to the identity value of the previous row that is loaded.
ROWGUIDCOL
Indicates that the new column is a row global unique identifier column. Only one uniqueidentifier column per table can be designated as the
ROWGUIDCOL column. The ROWGUIDCOL property can be assigned only to a uniqueidentifier column.

ROWGUIDCOL automatically generates values for new rows inserted into the table.
CONSTRAINT
Is an optional keyword indicating the beginning of a PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, or FOREIGN KEY constraint definition. Constraints are special
properties that enforce data integrity and create special types of indexes for the table and its columns.
constraint_name
Is the name of a constraint. constraint_name is optional and must be unique within a database. If constraint_name is not specified, SQL Server
CE generates a constraint name.

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CREATE TABLE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

NULL | NOT NULL

Are keywords that specify whether null values are allowed in the column. NULL is not strictly a constraint but can be specified in the same
manner as NOT NULL.
PRIMARY KEY
Is a constraint that enforces entity integrity for a given column or columns using a unique index. Only one PRIMARY KEY constraint can be
created per table.
UNIQUE
Is a constraint that provides entity integrity for a given column or columns using a unique index. Columns in a UNIQUE constraint must also be
NOT NULL. A table can have multiple UNIQUE constraints.

Note SQL Server CE can use indexes to enforce PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE constraints. You should not rely on this behavior nor
try to manipulate any indexes that are created as part of a constraint.

FOREIGN KEY...REFERENCES
Is a constraint that provides referential integrity for the data in the column. FOREIGN KEY constraints require that each value in the column
exists in the specified column in the referenced table.
ref_table
Is the name of the table referenced by the FOREIGN KEY constraint.
( ref_column [ ,...n ] )
Is a column, or list of columns, from the table referenced by the FOREIGN KEY constraint.
ON DELETE {CASCADE | NO ACTION}
Specifies what action takes place to a row in the table that is created when that row has a referential relationship and the referenced row is
deleted from the parent table. The default is NO ACTION.

If CASCADE is specified, a row is deleted from the referencing table when the corresponding referenced row is deleted from the
parent table. If NO ACTION is specified, SQL Server CE raises an error and the delete action on the referenced row in the parent
table is rolled back.

For example, in the Northwind database, the Orders table has a referential relationship with the Customers table: the
Orders.CustomerID foreign key references the Customers.CustomerID primary key.

If a DELETE statement is executed on a row in the Customers table and an ON DELETE CASCADE action is specified for
Orders.CustomerID, SQL Server CE checks for one or more dependent rows in the Orders table. If any exists, the dependent
rows in the Orders table are deleted, as well as the row referenced in the Customers table.

ON UPDATE {CASCADE | NO ACTION}

Specifies what action takes place to a row in the table that is created when that row has a referential relationship and the referenced row is
updated in the parent table. The default is NO ACTION.

If CASCADE is specified, the row is updated in the referencing table when the corresponding referenced row is updated in the
parent table. If NO ACTION is specified, SQL Server CE raises an error and the update action on the referenced row in the parent
table is rolled back.

For example, in the Northwind database, the Orders table has a referential relationship with the Customers table: the
Orders.CustomerID foreign key references the Customers.CustomerID primary key.

If an UPDATE statement is executed on a row in the Customers table and an ON UPDATE CASCADE action is specified for
Orders.CustomerID, SQL Server CE checks for one or more dependent rows in the Orders table. If any exists, the dependent
rows in the Orders table are updated, as well as the row referenced in the Customers table.

column
Is a column or list of columns, in parentheses, used in table constraints to indicate the columns used in the constraint definition.

Remarks

Constraints

● PRIMARY KEY Constraints

● A table can contain only one PRIMARY KEY constraint.
● Each PRIMARY KEY generates an index.
● All columns defined within a PRIMARY KEY constraint must be defined as NOT NULL. If nullability is not specified, all columns participating in a PRIMARY KEY constraint have their nullability set to NOT NULL.
● UNIQUE Constraints
● Each UNIQUE constraint generates an index.
● All columns defined as a UNIQUE constraint must be defined as NOT NULL. If nullability is not specified, all columns defined as UNIQUE constraints have their nullability set to NOT NULL.

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CREATE TABLE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

● FOREIGN KEY Constraints

● When a value other than NULL is entered into the column of a FOREIGN KEY constraint, the value must exist in the referenced column; otherwise, a foreign key violation error message is returned.
● FOREIGN KEY constraints can reference another column in the same table (a self-reference). However, FOREIGN KEY constraints cannot be used to create a self-referencing or circular FOREIGN KEY constraint.
● The REFERENCES clause of a column-level FOREIGN KEY constraint can list only one reference column, which must have the same data type as the column on which the constraint is defined.
● The REFERENCES clause of a table-level FOREIGN KEY constraint must have the same number of reference columns as the number of columns in the constraint column list. The data type of each reference column also must be the same as the corresponding column in
the column list.
● FOREIGN KEY constraints can reference only columns in PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraints in the referenced table. FOREIGN KEY constraints cannot reference unique indexes.
● Additional Constraint Information
● An index created for a constraint cannot be dropped with the DROP INDEX statement; the constraint must be dropped with the ALTER TABLE DROP CONSTRAINT statement.
● Constraint names must follow the rules for identifiers, except that the name cannot begin with a number sign (#). If the CONSTRAINT keyword and constraint_name is not supplied, a system-generated name is assigned to the constraint.
● When a constraint is violated in an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement, the statement is terminated.

DEFAULT Definitions

A column can have only one DEFAULT definition, which can contain constant values or constant functions.

Nullability Rules Within a Table Definition

The nullability of a column determines whether or not that column can allow a null value (NULL) as the data in that column. NULL is not zero or blank: it
means no entry was made or an explicit NULL was supplied, and it usually implies that the value is either unknown or not applicable.

Examples

The following example creates a two-column table with an identity column as the PRIMARY KEY.

CREATE TABLE MyCustomers (CustID int IDENTITY (100,1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName nvarchar (50))

The following example creates a one-column table with a PRIMARY KEY constraint.

CREATE TABLE MyCustomers2 (CustID int CONSTRAINT pkCustId PRIMARY KEY)

The following example creates a table with one of its columns referencing a column in another table.

CREATE TABLE MyOrders (OrderID int, CustID int REFERENCES MyCustomers(CustID))

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SQL Server CE Books Online

CREATE TABLE

Creates a new table.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) CREATE TABLE table_name
( { < column_definition > | < table_constraint > } [ ,...n ]
+ (Positive) )
< column_definition > ::=
+ (String Concatenation) { column_name data_type }
[ { DEFAULT constant_expression
- (Subtract) | [ IDENTITY [ ( seed , increment ) ]
]
- (Negative) } ]
[ ROWGUIDCOL ]
* (Multiply) [ < column_constraint > [ ...n ] ]
< column_constraint > ::=
/ (Divide) [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ [ NULL | NOT NULL ]
% (Modulo) | [ PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE ]
| REFERENCES ref_table [ ( ref_column ) ]
& (Bitwise AND) [ ON DELETE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
[ ON UPDATE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
| (Bitwise OR) }
< table_constraint > ::=
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ [ { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
~ (Bitwise NOT) { ( column [ ,...n ] ) }
]
= (Equals) | FOREIGN KEY
[ ( column [ ,...n ] ) ]
> (Greater Than) REFERENCES ref_table ( ref_column [ ,...n ] )
[ ON DELETE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
< (Less Than) }
[ ON UPDATE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

<= (Less Than or Equal To) Arguments
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To) table_name
Is the name of the new table. Table names must conform to the rules for identifiers.
!< (Not Less Than) table_name must be unique within the database. table_name can contain a maximum of
128 characters.
!> (Not Greater Than) column_name
Is the name of a column in the table. Column names must conform to the rules for
@@IDENTITY identifiers and must be unique in the table.
data_type
ABS Specifies the column data type. For information about data types, see Data Types.
DEFAULT
ACOS Specifies the value provided for the column when a value is not explicitly supplied during
an insert action. DEFAULT definitions can be applied to any column, except those defined
ALL by the IDENTITY property. DEFAULT definitions are removed when the table is dropped. A
constant value, such as a character string, or a date function can be used as a default.
ALTER TABLE IDENTITY
Indicates that the new column is an identity column. When a new row is added to the table,
AND Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) provides a unique,
incremental value for the column. Identity columns are commonly used in conjunction with
ASIN PRIMARY KEY constraints to serve as the unique row identifier for the table. The IDENTITY
property can be assigned only to int columns. Only one identity column can be created per
ATAN table. Bound defaults and DEFAULT constraints cannot be used with an identity column.
You must specify both the seed and increment or neither. If neither is specified, the default
ATN2 is (1,1).
seed
AVG Is the value used for the first row that is loaded into the table.
increment

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Is the incremental value added to the identity value of the previous row that is loaded.
BETWEEN ROWGUIDCOL
Indicates that the new column is a row global unique identifier column. Only one
CASE uniqueidentifier column per table can be designated as the ROWGUIDCOL column. The
ROWGUIDCOL property can be assigned only to a uniqueidentifier column.
CEILING
CHARINDEX ROWGUIDCOL automatically generates values for new rows inserted into the table.
COALESCE CONSTRAINT
Is an optional keyword indicating the beginning of a PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE, or FOREIGN
COLLATE KEY constraint definition. Constraints are special properties that enforce data integrity and
create special types of indexes for the table and its columns.
CONVERT constraint_name
Is the name of a constraint. constraint_name is optional and must be unique within a
COS database. If constraint_name is not specified, SQL Server CE generates a constraint name.
NULL | NOT NULL
COT Are keywords that specify whether null values are allowed in the column. NULL is not
strictly a constraint but can be specified in the same manner as NOT NULL.
COUNT PRIMARY KEY
Is a constraint that enforces entity integrity for a given column or columns using a unique
CREATE DATABASE index. Only one PRIMARY KEY constraint can be created per table.
UNIQUE
CREATE INDEX Is a constraint that provides entity integrity for a given column or columns using a unique
index. Columns in a UNIQUE constraint must also be NOT NULL. A table can have multiple
CREATE TABLE UNIQUE constraints.
DATALENGTH
Data Types Note SQL Server CE can use indexes to enforce PRIMARY KEY and UNIQUE
constraints. You should not rely on this behavior nor try to manipulate any
DATEADD indexes that are created as part of a constraint.

DATEDIFF
DATENAME FOREIGN KEY...REFERENCES
Is a constraint that provides referential integrity for the data in the column. FOREIGN KEY
DATEPART constraints require that each value in the column exists in the specified column in the
referenced table.
DDL Statements ref_table
Is the name of the table referenced by the FOREIGN KEY constraint.
DEGREES ( ref_column [ ,...n ] )
Is a column, or list of columns, from the table referenced by the FOREIGN KEY constraint.
DELETE ON DELETE {CASCADE | NO ACTION}
Specifies what action takes place to a row in the table that is created when that row has a
DML Statements referential relationship and the referenced row is deleted from the parent table. The default
is NO ACTION.
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE If CASCADE is specified, a row is deleted from the referencing table when the
corresponding referenced row is deleted from the parent table. If NO ACTION is
EXISTS specified, SQL Server CE raises an error and the delete action on the referenced
row in the parent table is rolled back.
EXP
Expressions For example, in the Northwind database, the Orders table has a referential
relationship with the Customers table: the Orders.CustomerID foreign key
FLOOR references the Customers.CustomerID primary key.

FROM Clause
Functions If a DELETE statement is executed on a row in the Customers table and an ON
DELETE CASCADE action is specified for Orders.CustomerID, SQL Server CE
GETDATE checks for one or more dependent rows in the Orders table. If any exists, the
dependent rows in the Orders table are deleted, as well as the row referenced
GROUP BY Clause in the Customers table.

HAVING Clause
Alternately, if NO ACTION is specified, SQL Server CE raises an error and rolls
IDENTITY (Property) back the delete action on the row in the Customers table when there is at least
one row in the Orders table that references it.
IN
Information Schema ON UPDATE {CASCADE | NO ACTION}
Specifies what action takes place to a row in the table that is created when that row has a
INSERT referential relationship and the referenced row is updated in the parent table. The default is
NO ACTION.
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN If CASCADE is specified, the row is updated in the referencing table when the
LIKE corresponding referenced row is updated in the parent table. If NO ACTION is
specified, SQL Server CE raises an error and the update action on the
LOG referenced row in the parent table is rolled back.

LOG10
For example, in the Northwind database, the Orders table has a referential
LOWER relationship with the Customers table: the Orders.CustomerID foreign key
references the Customers.CustomerID primary key.
LTRIM
MAX If an UPDATE statement is executed on a row in the Customers table and an
ON UPDATE CASCADE action is specified for Orders.CustomerID, SQL Server
MIN CE checks for one or more dependent rows in the Orders table. If any exists,
the dependent rows in the Orders table are updated, as well as the row
NCHAR referenced in the Customers table.

NEWID

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Alternately, if NO ACTION is specified, SQL Server CE raises an error and rolls

NOT back the update action on the referenced row in the Customers table when
there is at least one row in the Orders table that references it.
Operators
OR column
ORDER BY Clause Is a column or list of columns, in parentheses, used in table constraints to indicate the
columns used in the constraint definition.
PATINDEX
PI Remarks
POWER
RADIANS Constraints
RAND
REPLACE ● PRIMARY KEY Constraints
● A table can contain only one PRIMARY KEY constraint.
Each PRIMARY KEY generates an index.

REPLICATE
●

● All columns defined within a PRIMARY KEY constraint must be defined as NOT NULL. If nullability is not specified, all columns participating in a PRIMARY KEY
constraint have their nullability set to NOT NULL.
● UNIQUE Constraints

Reserved Words
● Each UNIQUE constraint generates an index.
● All columns defined as a UNIQUE constraint must be defined as NOT NULL. If nullability is not specified, all columns defined as UNIQUE constraints have their
nullability set to NOT NULL.
● FOREIGN KEY Constraints

ROUND
● When a value other than NULL is entered into the column of a FOREIGN KEY constraint, the value must exist in the referenced column; otherwise, a foreign key
violation error message is returned.
● FOREIGN KEY constraints can reference another column in the same table (a self-reference). However, FOREIGN KEY constraints cannot be used to create a self-
referencing or circular FOREIGN KEY constraint.

RTRIM
● The REFERENCES clause of a column-level FOREIGN KEY constraint can list only one reference column, which must have the same data type as the column on
which the constraint is defined.
● The REFERENCES clause of a table-level FOREIGN KEY constraint must have the same number of reference columns as the number of columns in the constraint
column list. The data type of each reference column also must be the same as the corresponding column in the column list.

SELECT Statement
● FOREIGN KEY constraints can reference only columns in PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraints in the referenced table. FOREIGN KEY constraints cannot reference
unique indexes.
● Additional Constraint Information
An index created for a constraint cannot be dropped with the DROP INDEX statement; the constraint must be dropped with the ALTER TABLE DROP CONSTRAINT

SIGN
●

statement.
● Constraint names must follow the rules for identifiers, except that the name cannot begin with a number sign (#). If the CONSTRAINT keyword and
constraint_name is not supplied, a system-generated name is assigned to the constraint.
When a constraint is violated in an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement, the statement is terminated.

SIN
●

SOME | ANY DEFAULT Definitions

SPACE
SQRT A column can have only one DEFAULT definition, which can contain constant values or constant
functions.
STR
STUFF
Nullability Rules Within a Table Definition
SUBSTRING
SUM The nullability of a column determines whether or not that column can allow a null value (NULL) as the
TAN data in that column. NULL is not zero or blank: it means no entry was made or an explicit NULL was
supplied, and it usually implies that the value is either unknown or not applicable.
UNICODE
UNION
Examples
UPDATE
UPPER The following example creates a two-column table with an identity column as the PRIMARY KEY.
WHERE Clause
CREATE TABLE MyCustomers (CustID int IDENTITY (100,1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName nvarchar (50))

The following example creates a one-column table with a PRIMARY KEY constraint.

CREATE TABLE MyCustomers2 (CustID int CONSTRAINT pkCustId PRIMARY KEY)

The following example creates a table with one of its columns referencing a column in another table.

CREATE TABLE MyOrders (OrderID int, CustID int REFERENCES MyCustomers(CustID))

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DATALENGTH (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DATALENGTH

Returns the number of bytes used to represent any expression.

Syntax

DATALENGTH ( expression )

Arguments

expression
Is an expression of any data type.

Return Types

int

Examples

The following example returns the DATALENGTH of each company name listed in the Customers table in the Northwind database.

SELECT DATALENGTH(CompanyName), CompanyName

FROM Customers

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DATALENGTH

Returns the number of bytes used to represent any expression.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) DATALENGTH ( expression )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
expression
- (Negative) Is an expression of any data type.

* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Return Types
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) int

| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Examples
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) The following example returns the DATALENGTH of each company name listed in the
Customers table in the Northwind database.
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) SELECT DATALENGTH(CompanyName), CompanyName
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) FROM Customers

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
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ABS Trademarks |Privacy Statement

ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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Data Types (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Data Types

Each column in a table in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) has a data type that specifies the type of data (such as integer,
character, or money) that the column can hold.

Note There may be minor differences between Microsoft SQL Server 2000 and SQL Server CE in the way data types are promoted when the
execution of a function results in an overflow or underflow. You might have to perform explicit CAST in SQL Server 2000 to get the same
behavior in SQL Server CE.

SQL Server CE supports the following data types.

Data type Description

bigint Integer (whole number) data from -2^63 (- 9,223,372,036,854,775,808) through 2^63-1 (9,223,372,036,854,775,807). Storage size is 8 bytes.

integer Integer (whole number) data from -2^31 (-2,147,483,648) through 2^31 - 1 (2,147,483,647).

smallint Integer data from –32,768 to 32,767. Storage size is 2 bytes.

tinyint Integer data from 0 to 255. Storage size is 1 byte.

bit Integer data with either a 1 or 0 value.

numeric (p, s) Fixed-precision and scale-numeric data from -10^38 +1 through 10^38 –1. p specifies precision and can vary between 1 and 38. s specifies scale and can vary between 0
and p.

money Monetary data values from -2^63 (- 922,337,203,685,477.5808) through 2^63 - 1 (922,337,203,685,477.5807), with accuracy to a ten-thousandth of a monetary unit.
Storage size is 8 bytes.

float Floating point number data from -1.79E + 308 through 1.79E + 308

Storage size is 8 bytes.

real Floating precision number data from -3.40E + 38 through 3.40E + 38.

datetime Date and time data from January 1, 1753, to December 31, 9999, with an accuracy of one three-hundredth second, or 3.33 milliseconds. Values are rounded to increments of
.000, .003, or .007 milliseconds.

Stored as two 4-byte integers. The first 4 bytes store the number of days before or after the base date, January 1, 1900. The base date is the system's reference date. Values
for datetime earlier than January 1, 1753, are not permitted. The other 4 bytes store the time of day represented as the number of milliseconds after midnight. Seconds
have a valid range of 0 - 59.

national character(n) Fixed-length Unicode data with a maximum length of 255 characters.
Default length = 1
Storage size, in bytes, is two times the number of characters entered.

Synonym:
nchar(n)

national character varying(n) Variable-length Unicode data with a length of 1 to 255 characters.
Default length = 1
Storage size, in bytes, is two times the number of characters entered.

Synonym:
nvarchar(n)

ntext Variable-length Unicode data with a maximum length of (2^30 - 2) / 2 (536,870,911) characters. Storage size, in bytes, is two times the number of characters entered.

binary(n) Fixed-length binary data with a maximum length of 510 bytes. Default length = 1

varbinary(n) Variable-length binary data with a maximum length of 510 bytes. Default length = 1

image Variable-length binary data with a maximum length of 2^30 – 1 (1,073,741,823) bytes.

uniqueidentifier A globally unique identifier (GUID). Storage size is 16 bytes.

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Data Types (SQL Server CE Books Online)

IDENTITY [(s, i)] This is a property of a data column, not a distinct data type.

Only data columns of the integer data types can be used for identity columns. A table can have only one identity column. A seed and increment can be specified and the
column cannot be updated.

s (seed) = starting value

i (increment) = increment value

ROWGUIDCOL This is a property of a data column, not a distinct data type. It is a column in a table that is defined using the uniqueidentifier data type. A table can only have one
ROWGUIDCOL column.

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SQL Overview
+ (Add) SQL Server CE supports the following data types.

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Data type Description

- (Subtract) bigint Integer (whole number) data from -2^63 (- 9,223,372,036,854,775,808) through 2^63-1 (9,223,372,036,854,775,807). Storage size is 8 bytes.

- (Negative)
integer Integer (whole number) data from -2^31 (-2,147,483,648) through 2^31 - 1 (2,147,483,647).

smallint Integer data from –32,768 to 32,767. Storage size is 2 bytes.

* (Multiply) tinyint Integer data from 0 to 255. Storage size is 1 byte.

/ (Divide) bit Integer data with either a 1 or 0 value.

numeric (p, s) Fixed-precision and scale-numeric data from -10^38 +1 through 10^38 –1. p specifies precision and can vary between 1 and 38. s specifies scale and can vary between 0
% (Modulo) and p.

money Monetary data values from -2^63 (- 922,337,203,685,477.5808) through 2^63 - 1 (922,337,203,685,477.5807), with accuracy to a ten-thousandth of a monetary unit.
& (Bitwise AND) Storage size is 8 bytes.

| (Bitwise OR)
float Floating point number data from -1.79E + 308 through 1.79E + 308

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Storage size is 8 bytes.

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) real Floating precision number data from -3.40E + 38 through 3.40E + 38.

> (Greater Than) datetime Date and time data from January 1, 1753, to December 31, 9999, with an accuracy of one three-hundredth second, or 3.33 milliseconds. Values are rounded to increments of
.000, .003, or .007 milliseconds.

< (Less Than)

>= (Greater Than or Equal To) Stored as two 4-byte integers. The first 4 bytes store the number of days before or after the base date, January 1, 1900. The base date is the system's reference date. Values
for datetime earlier than January 1, 1753, are not permitted. The other 4 bytes store the time of day represented as the number of milliseconds after midnight. Seconds

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

have a valid range of 0 - 59.

<> (Not Equal To)

!= (Not Equal To) national character(n) Fixed-length Unicode data with a maximum length of 255 characters.
Default length = 1
Storage size, in bytes, is two times the number of characters entered.
!< (Not Less Than) Synonym:

!> (Not Greater Than) nchar(n)

@@IDENTITY

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national character varying(n) Variable-length Unicode data with a length of 1 to 255 characters.

ABS
Default length = 1
Storage size, in bytes, is two times the number of characters entered.

ACOS Synonym:
nvarchar(n)

ALL
ALTER TABLE ntext Variable-length Unicode data with a maximum length of (2^30 - 2) / 2 (536,870,911) characters. Storage size, in bytes, is two times the number of characters entered.

AND binary(n) Fixed-length binary data with a maximum length of 510 bytes. Default length = 1

ASIN varbinary(n) Variable-length binary data with a maximum length of 510 bytes. Default length = 1

image Variable-length binary data with a maximum length of 2^30 – 1 (1,073,741,823) bytes.
ATAN uniqueidentifier A globally unique identifier (GUID). Storage size is 16 bytes.

ATN2 IDENTITY [(s, i)] This is a property of a data column, not a distinct data type.

AVG
Only data columns of the integer data types can be used for identity columns. A table can have only one identity column. A seed and increment can be specified and the

BETWEEN column cannot be updated.

CASE
s (seed) = starting value
CEILING
CHARINDEX i (increment) = increment value

COALESCE
COLLATE
ROWGUIDCOL This is a property of a data column, not a distinct data type. It is a column in a table that is defined using the uniqueidentifier data type. A table can only have one
CONVERT ROWGUIDCOL column.

COS
COT
COUNT
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CREATE INDEX
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CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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DATEADD (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DATEADD

Returns a new datetime value based on adding an interval to the specified date.

Syntax

DATEADD ( datepart , number, date )

Arguments

datepart
Is the parameter that specifies on which part of the date to return a new value. The following table lists the dateparts and abbreviations
recognized by Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
Datepart Abbreviations
year yy, yyyy

quarter qq, q

month mm, m

dayofyear dy, y

day dd, d

week wk, ww

hour hh

minute mi, n

second ss, s

millisecond ms

number
Is the value used to increment datepart. Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or types that can be
implicitly converted to float. If you specify a value that is not an integer, the fractional part of the value is discarded. For example, if you specify
day for datepart and 1.75 for number, date is incremented by 1.
date
Is an expression that returns a value that can be implicitly converted to datetime, or is a Unicode character string in a date format. For more
information about specifying dates, see datetime in Data Types.

If you specify only the last two digits of the year, values less than or equal to the last two digits of the value of the two digit year cutoff
configuration option are in the same century as the cutoff year. Values greater than the last two digits of the value of this option are in the
century that precedes the cutoff year. For example, if two digit year cutoff is 2049 (default), 49 is interpreted as 2049 and 2050 is interpreted
as 1950. To avoid ambiguity, use four-digit years.

Return Types

datetime

Examples

The following example adds two months to the order date for A. Datum Corporation.

CREATE TABLE MyOrders (OrderID int IDENTITY(100, 1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName nvarchar(50), OrderDate datetime)
INSERT INTO MyOrders (CompanyName, OrderDate) VALUES ('A. Datum Corporation', GETDATE())
SELECT DATEADD(month, 2, OrderDate) FROM MyOrders

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DATEADD (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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DATEADD

Returns a new datetime value based on adding an interval to the specified date.

Syntax
Up One Level
SQL Overview DATEADD ( datepart , number, date )

+ (Add)
+ (Positive) Arguments
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) datepart
Is the parameter that specifies on which part of the date to return a new value. The following table lists the dateparts and abbreviations
- (Negative) recognized by Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
Datepart Abbreviations
* (Multiply)
year yy, yyyy

/ (Divide) quarter qq, q

% (Modulo) month mm, m

dayofyear dy, y
& (Bitwise AND) day dd, d

| (Bitwise OR) week wk, ww

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) hour hh

minute mi, n

~ (Bitwise NOT) second ss, s

= (Equals) millisecond ms

number
> (Greater Than) Is the value used to increment datepart. Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or types that can be
implicitly converted to float. If you specify a value that is not an integer, the fractional part of the value is discarded. For example, if you specify
< (Less Than) day for datepart and 1.75 for number, date is incremented by 1.
date
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) Is an expression that returns a value that can be implicitly converted to datetime, or is a Unicode character string in a date format. For more
information about specifying dates, see datetime in Data Types.
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
If you specify only the last two digits of the year, values less than or equal to the last two digits of the value of the two digit year cutoff
!= (Not Equal To) configuration option are in the same century as the cutoff year. Values greater than the last two digits of the value of this option are in the
century that precedes the cutoff year. For example, if two digit year cutoff is 2049 (default), 49 is interpreted as 2049 and 2050 is interpreted
!< (Not Less Than) as 1950. To avoid ambiguity, use four-digit years.

!> (Not Greater Than)

@@IDENTITY Return Types
ABS
ACOS datetime

ALL
ALTER TABLE Examples
AND
ASIN The following example adds two months to the order date for A. Datum Corporation.

ATAN
ATN2 CREATE TABLE MyOrders (OrderID int IDENTITY(100, 1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName nvarchar(50), OrderDate datetime)
INSERT INTO MyOrders (CompanyName, OrderDate) VALUES ('A. Datum Corporation', GETDATE())
AVG SELECT DATEADD(month, 2, OrderDate) FROM MyOrders

BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX
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CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH

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Welcome to the MSDN Library

Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM
MAX
MIN
NCHAR
NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE

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UPPER
WHERE Clause

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DATEDIFF (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DATEDIFF

Returns the number of date and time boundaries crossed between two specified dates.

Syntax

DATEDIFF ( datepart , startdate , enddate )

Arguments

datepart
Is the parameter that specifies on which part of the date to calculate the difference. The following table lists dateparts and abbreviations
recognized by Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
Datepart Abbreviations
year yy, yyyy

quarter qq, q

month mm, m

dayofyear dy, y

day dd, d

week wk, ww

hour hh

minute mi, n

second ss, s

millisecond ms

startdate
Is the beginning date for the calculation. startdate is an expression that returns a datetime value or a Unicode character string in a date format.

If you specify only the last two digits of the year, values less than or equal to the last two digits of the value of the two digit year cutoff
configuration option are in the same century as the cutoff year. Values greater than the last two digits of the value of this option are in the
century that precedes the cutoff year. For example, if the two digit year cutoff is 2049 (default), 49 is interpreted as 2049 and 2050 is
interpreted as 1950. To avoid ambiguity, use four-digit years.

For more information about specifying dates, see datetime in Data Types.

enddate
Is the ending date for the calculation. enddate is an expression that returns a datetime value or a Unicode character string in a date format.

Return Types

int

Examples

The following example uses the Northwind database. The example determines the number of days it took to ship the orders made by the company Vins et
alcohols Chevalier, which has a CustomerID of VINET.

SELECT OrderID, DATEDIFF (d, OrderDate, ShippedDate) AS "Shipping Time in Days" FROM Orders WHERE CustomerID = 'VINET'

This is the result set:

OrderID Shipping Time in Days

-------------------------------------
10295 8

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DATEDIFF (SQL Server CE Books Online)

10737 7
10274 10
10248 12
10739 5

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DATEDIFF

Returns the number of date and time boundaries crossed between two specified dates.

Syntax
Up One Level
SQL Overview DATEDIFF ( datepart , startdate , enddate )

+ (Add)
+ (Positive) Arguments
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) datepart
Is the parameter that specifies on which part of the date to calculate the difference. The following table lists dateparts and abbreviations
- (Negative) recognized by Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
Datepart Abbreviations
* (Multiply)
year yy, yyyy

/ (Divide) quarter qq, q

% (Modulo) month mm, m

dayofyear dy, y
& (Bitwise AND) day dd, d

| (Bitwise OR) week wk, ww

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) hour hh

minute mi, n

~ (Bitwise NOT) second ss, s

= (Equals) millisecond ms

startdate
> (Greater Than) Is the beginning date for the calculation. startdate is an expression that returns a datetime value or a Unicode character string in a date format.

< (Less Than)

>= (Greater Than or Equal To) If you specify only the last two digits of the year, values less than or equal to the last two digits of the value of the two digit year cutoff
configuration option are in the same century as the cutoff year. Values greater than the last two digits of the value of this option are in the
<= (Less Than or Equal To) century that precedes the cutoff year. For example, if the two digit year cutoff is 2049 (default), 49 is interpreted as 2049 and 2050 is
interpreted as 1950. To avoid ambiguity, use four-digit years.
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To) For more information about specifying dates, see datetime in Data Types.
!< (Not Less Than) enddate
Is the ending date for the calculation. enddate is an expression that returns a datetime value or a Unicode character string in a date format.
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
Return Types
ABS
ACOS
int
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND Examples
ASIN
The following example uses the Northwind database. The example determines the number of days it took to ship the orders made by the company Vins et
ATAN alcohols Chevalier, which has a CustomerID of VINET.

ATN2
AVG SELECT OrderID, DATEDIFF (d, OrderDate, ShippedDate) AS "Shipping Time in Days" FROM Orders WHERE CustomerID =
'VINET'
BETWEEN
CASE This is the result set:

CEILING
CHARINDEX OrderID Shipping Time in Days
-------------------------------------
COALESCE 10295 8
10737 7
COLLATE 10274 10

CONVERT
10248 12
10739 5

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WHERE Clause

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DATENAME (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DATENAME

Returns a character string representing the specified datepart of the specified date.

Syntax

DATENAME ( datepart , date )

Arguments

datepart
Is the parameter that specifies the part of the date to return. The following table lists dateparts and abbreviations recognized by Microsoft® SQL
Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
Datepart Abbreviations
year yy, yyyy

quarter qq, q

month mm, m

dayofyear dy, y

day dd, d

week wk, ww

weekday1 dw

hour hh

minute mi, n

second ss, s

millisecond ms

1 The weekday (dw) datepart returns the day of the week (such as Sunday or Monday).

date
Is an expression that returns a datetime value, or a value that can be implicitly converted to a datetime value. date can also be a Unicode
character string in a date format. Use the datetime data type for dates after January 1, 1753. Store them as character data for earlier dates.
When entering datetime values, always enclose them in single quotation marks. For more information about specifying dates, see datetime in
Data Types.

Return Types

nvarchar

Remarks

SQL Server CE automatically converts between character and datetime values as necessary, for example, when you compare a character value with a
datetime value.

Examples

The following example extracts the month name from the date returned by GETDATE.

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DATENAME (SQL Server CE Books Online)

This is the result set:

Month Name
------------------------------
August

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DATENAME

Returns a character string representing the specified datepart of the specified date.

Syntax
Up One Level
SQL Overview DATENAME ( datepart , date )

+ (Add)
+ (Positive) Arguments
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) datepart
Is the parameter that specifies the part of the date to return. The following table lists dateparts and abbreviations recognized by Microsoft® SQL
- (Negative) Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
Datepart Abbreviations
* (Multiply)
year yy, yyyy

/ (Divide) quarter qq, q

% (Modulo) month mm, m

dayofyear dy, y
& (Bitwise AND) day dd, d

| (Bitwise OR) week wk, ww

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) weekday1 dw

hour hh
~ (Bitwise NOT) minute mi, n

= (Equals) second ss, s

> (Greater Than)

millisecond ms

< (Less Than)

1 The weekday (dw) datepart returns the day of the week (such as Sunday or Monday).
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
date
<> (Not Equal To) Is an expression that returns a datetime value, or a value that can be implicitly converted to a datetime value. date can also be a Unicode
character string in a date format. Use the datetime data type for dates after January 1, 1753. Store them as character data for earlier dates.
!= (Not Equal To) When entering datetime values, always enclose them in single quotation marks. For more information about specifying dates, see datetime in
Data Types.
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than) If you specify only the last two digits of the year, values less than or equal to the last two digits of the value of the two digit year cutoff
@@IDENTITY configuration option are in the same century as the cutoff year. Values greater than the last two digits of the value of this option are in the
century that precedes the cutoff year. For example, if two digit year cutoff is 2049 (default), 49 is interpreted as 2049 and 2050 is interpreted
ABS as 1950. To avoid ambiguity, use four-digit years.

ACOS
ALL Return Types
ALTER TABLE
AND nvarchar

ASIN
ATAN Remarks
ATN2
AVG SQL Server CE automatically converts between character and datetime values as necessary, for example, when you compare a character value with a
datetime value.
BETWEEN
CASE
Examples
CEILING
CHARINDEX
The following example extracts the month name from the date returned by GETDATE.
COALESCE
COLLATE CREATE TABLE MyOrders (OrderID int IDENTITY(100, 1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName nvarchar(50), OrderDate datetime)
CONVERT INSERT INTO MyOrders (CompanyName, OrderDate) VALUES ('A. Datum Corporation', GETDATE())
SELECT DATENAME(month, OrderDate) AS "Month Name" FROM MyOrders
COS
COT This is the result set:

COUNT
CREATE DATABASE Month Name
------------------------------
CREATE INDEX August

CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH

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DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM
MAX
MIN
NCHAR
NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE

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WHERE Clause

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DATEPART (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DATEPART

Returns an integer representing the specified datepart of the specified date.

Syntax

DATEPART ( datepart , date )

Arguments

quarter qq, q

month mm, m

dayofyear dy, y

day dd, d

week wk, ww

weekday dw

hour hh

minute mi, n

second ss, s

millisecond ms

date
Is an expression that returns a datetime value, or a value that can be implicitly converted to a datetime value. date can also be a character
string in a date format. Use the datetime data type only for dates after January 1, 1753. Store dates as character data for earlier dates. When
entering datetime values, always enclose them in single quotation marks.

For more information about specifying dates, see datetime in Data Types.

Return Types

int

Examples

The following example assumes the current month is August.

This is the result set:

-----------

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DATEPART (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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DATEPART

Returns an integer representing the specified datepart of the specified date.

Syntax
Up One Level
SQL Overview DATEPART ( datepart , date )

/ (Divide) quarter qq, q

% (Modulo) month mm, m

dayofyear dy, y
& (Bitwise AND) day dd, d

| (Bitwise OR) week wk, ww

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) weekday dw

hour hh

~ (Bitwise NOT) minute mi, n

= (Equals) second ss, s

> (Greater Than)

millisecond ms

date
< (Less Than) Is an expression that returns a datetime value, or a value that can be implicitly converted to a datetime value. date can also be a character
string in a date format. Use the datetime data type only for dates after January 1, 1753. Store dates as character data for earlier dates. When
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) entering datetime values, always enclose them in single quotation marks.

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

If you specify only the last two digits of the year, values less than or equal to the last two digits of the value of the two digit year cutoff
<> (Not Equal To) configuration option are in the same century as the cutoff year. Values greater than the last two digits of the value of this option are in the
century that precedes the cutoff year. For example, if two digit year cutoff is 2049 (default), 49 is interpreted as 2049 and 2050 is interpreted
!= (Not Equal To) as 1950. To avoid ambiguity, use four-digit years.

!< (Not Less Than)

!> (Not Greater Than) For more information about specifying dates, see datetime in Data Types.

@@IDENTITY
ABS Return Types
ACOS
ALL int

ALTER TABLE
AND
Examples
ASIN
ATAN The following example assumes the current month is August.
ATN2
AVG CREATE TABLE MyOrders (OrderID int IDENTITY(100, 1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName nvarchar(50), OrderDate datetime)

BETWEEN
INSERT INTO MyOrders (CompanyName, OrderDate) VALUES ('A. Datum Corporation', GETDATE())
SELECT DATEPART(month, OrderDate) FROM MyOrders

CASE
CEILING This is the result set:

CHARINDEX
COALESCE -----------
8
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
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CREATE DATABASE
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CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH

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WHERE Clause

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DDL Statements (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DDL Statements

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports the following Data Definition Language (DDL) statements.

Statement Function
CREATE DATABASE Creates a new database and the file used to store the database.

CREATE TABLE Creates a new table.

ALTER TABLE Modifies a table definition by altering, adding, or dropping columns and constraints.

CREATE INDEX Creates an index on a given table.

DROP INDEX Removes one or more indexes from the current database.

DROP TABLE Removes a table definition and all data, indexes, and constraints for that table.

In SQL Server CE, to delimit identifiers that are keywords or do not conform to the rules for identifiers, you must use double quotation marks. Brackets are not
supported. For more information, see SQL Overview.

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Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports the following Data Definition Language (DDL) statements.

Statement Function
CREATE DATABASE Creates a new database and the file used to store the database.
Up One Level CREATE TABLE Creates a new table.

SQL Overview ALTER TABLE Modifies a table definition by altering, adding, or dropping columns and constraints.

+ (Add) CREATE INDEX Creates an index on a given table.

+ (Positive) DROP INDEX Removes one or more indexes from the current database.

+ (String Concatenation) DROP TABLE Removes a table definition and all data, indexes, and constraints for that table.

- (Subtract)
- (Negative) In SQL Server CE, to delimit identifiers that are keywords or do not conform to the rules for identifiers, you must use double quotation marks. Brackets are not
supported. For more information, see SQL Overview.
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR)
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= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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DEGREES (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DEGREES

Given an angle in radians, returns the corresponding angle in degrees.

Syntax

DEGREES ( numeric_expression )

Arguments

numeric_expression
Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or of types that are implicitly convertible to float.

Return Code Values

Returns the same type as numeric_expression, except for the following expressions.

Specified expression Return type

tinyint, smallint int

real/float float

Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

Examples

The following example returns the degree value of various angles expressed in radians.

CREATE TABLE "Degrees" ("PI()/2" float, "PI()/3" float, "PI()/4" float)

INSERT INTO "Degrees" VALUES (DEGREES(PI()/2), DEGREES(PI()/3), DEGREES(PI()/4))
SELECT * FROM "Degrees"

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Given an angle in radians, returns the corresponding angle in degrees.

Syntax
Up One Level
DEGREES ( numeric_expression )
SQL Overview
+ (Add)
Arguments
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) numeric_expression
- (Subtract) Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or of types that are implicitly convertible to float.

- (Negative)
* (Multiply) Return Code Values
/ (Divide)
Returns the same type as numeric_expression, except for the following expressions.
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) Specified expression Return type
tinyint, smallint int
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) real/float float

~ (Bitwise NOT) Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) Examples
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) The following example returns the degree value of various angles expressed in radians.

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) CREATE TABLE "Degrees" ("PI()/2" float, "PI()/3" float, "PI()/4" float)
INSERT INTO "Degrees" VALUES (DEGREES(PI()/2), DEGREES(PI()/3), DEGREES(PI()/4))
!= (Not Equal To) SELECT * FROM "Degrees"

!< (Not Less Than)

!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY

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ABS
ACOS Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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DELETE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DELETE

Removes rows from a table.

Syntax

DELETE
[ FROM ] table_name
[ WHERE < search_condition > ]

Arguments

FROM
Is an optional keyword that can be used between the DELETE keyword and the target table_name.
table_name
Is the name of the table from which the rows are to be removed.
WHERE
Specifies the conditions used to limit the number of rows that are deleted.
<search_condition>
Specifies the restricting conditions for the rows to be deleted. There is no limit to the number of predicates that can be included in a search
condition.

Remarks

If a WHERE clause is not supplied, DELETE removes all the rows from the table.

If a search condition is specified, it is applied to each row of the table; and all rows for which the result of the search condition is TRUE are marked for
deletion.

The search condition is evaluated for each row of the table before any deletions occur.

All rows that are marked for deletion are deleted at the end of the DELETE statement prior to the checking of any integrity constraint.

The DELETE statement might fail if it violates a FOREIGN KEY constraint. If the DELETE removes multiple rows and any one of the removed rows violates a
constraint, the statement is canceled, an error is returned, and no rows are removed.

Examples

A. Using DELETE with no parameters

The following example deletes all rows from the Customers table in the Northwind database.

DELETE Customers

B. Using DELETE on a set of rows

The following example uses the Customers table in the Northwind database. Because CompanyName may not be unique, the following example
deletes all rows in which CompanyName is Eastern Connection.

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DELETE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

DELETE FROM Customers WHERE CompanyName = 'Eastern Connection'

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SQL Server CE Books Online

DELETE

Removes rows from a table.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) DELETE
[ FROM ] table_name
+ (Positive) [ WHERE < search_condition > ]

+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) Arguments
- (Negative)
FROM
* (Multiply) Is an optional keyword that can be used between the DELETE keyword and the
target table_name.
/ (Divide) table_name
Is the name of the table from which the rows are to be removed.
% (Modulo) WHERE
Specifies the conditions used to limit the number of rows that are deleted.
& (Bitwise AND) <search_condition>
Specifies the restricting conditions for the rows to be deleted. There is no limit to
| (Bitwise OR) the number of predicates that can be included in a search condition.

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)

~ (Bitwise NOT) Remarks
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) If a WHERE clause is not supplied, DELETE removes all the rows from the table.

< (Less Than)

If a search condition is specified, it is applied to each row of the table; and all rows for
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) which the result of the search condition is TRUE are marked for deletion.
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To) The search condition is evaluated for each row of the table before any deletions occur.

!= (Not Equal To)

!< (Not Less Than) All rows that are marked for deletion are deleted at the end of the DELETE statement prior
to the checking of any integrity constraint.
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
The DELETE statement might fail if it violates a FOREIGN KEY constraint. If the DELETE
ABS removes multiple rows and any one of the removed rows violates a constraint, the
statement is canceled, an error is returned, and no rows are removed.
ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE Examples
AND
A. Using DELETE with no parameters
ASIN

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ATAN The following example deletes all rows from the Customers table in the Northwind
database.
ATN2
AVG DELETE Customers
BETWEEN
CASE B. Using DELETE on a set of rows

CEILING
CHARINDEX The following example uses the Customers table in the Northwind database. Because
CompanyName may not be unique, the following example deletes all rows in which
COALESCE CompanyName is Eastern Connection.

COLLATE
CONVERT DELETE FROM Customers WHERE CompanyName = 'Eastern Connection'

COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

CREATE TABLE ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
DATALENGTH Trademarks |Privacy Statement

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DML Statements (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DML Statements

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports the following Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements.

Statement Function
INSERT Adds a new row to a table.

UPDATE Changes existing data in a table.

DELETE Removes rows from a table.

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Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports the following Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements.

Statement Function
INSERT Adds a new row to a table.
Up One Level UPDATE Changes existing data in a table.

SQL Overview DELETE Removes rows from a table.

+ (Add)
+ (Positive) In SQL Server CE, to delimit identifiers that are keywords or do not conform to the rules for identifiers, you must use double quotation marks. Brackets are not
+ (String Concatenation) supported. For more information, see SQL Overview.

- (Subtract)
- (Negative)
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter
& (Bitwise AND)
©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |Privacy Statement
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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DROP INDEX (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DROP INDEX

Removes an index from the current database.

The DROP INDEX statement does not apply to indexes created by defining PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraints (created by using the PRIMARY KEY or
UNIQUE options of either the CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE statements). For more information about PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraints, see CREATE
TABLE.

Syntax

DROP INDEX 'table_name.index_name'

Arguments

table_name
Is the name of the table in which the indexed column is located. Table names must conform to the rules for identifiers.
index_name
Is the name of the index to be dropped. Index names must conform to the rules for identifiers.

Remarks

After DROP INDEX is executed, all the space previously occupied by the index is regained. This space then can be used for any database object.

DROP INDEX cannot be specified on an index on a system table.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

DROP INDEX

Removes an index from the current database.

The DROP INDEX statement does not apply to indexes created by defining PRIMARY KEY or
Up One Level UNIQUE constraints (created by using the PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE options of either the
CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE statements). For more information about PRIMARY KEY or
SQL Overview UNIQUE constraints, see CREATE TABLE.

+ (Add)
+ (Positive)
Syntax
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) DROP INDEX 'table_name.index_name'
- (Negative)
* (Multiply) Arguments
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) table_name
Is the name of the table in which the indexed column is located. Table names
& (Bitwise AND) must conform to the rules for identifiers.
index_name
| (Bitwise OR) Is the name of the index to be dropped. Index names must conform to the rules
for identifiers.
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
Remarks
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) After DROP INDEX is executed, all the space previously occupied by the index is regained.
< (Less Than) This space then can be used for any database object.

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

<= (Less Than or Equal To) DROP INDEX cannot be specified on an index on a system table.

<> (Not Equal To)

ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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DROP TABLE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DROP TABLE

Removes a table definition and all data, indexes, constraints, and permission specifications for that table.

Syntax

DROP TABLE table_name

Arguments

table_name
Is the name of the table to be removed.

Remarks

DROP TABLE cannot be used to drop a table referenced by a FOREIGN KEY constraint. The referencing FOREIGN KEY constraint or the referencing table
must be dropped first.

When a table is dropped, rules or defaults on it lose their binding, and any constraints associated with it are automatically dropped. If you re-create a
table, you must rebind the appropriate rules and defaults, and add all necessary constraints.

You cannot use the DROP TABLE statement on system tables.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

DROP TABLE

Removes a table definition and all data, indexes, constraints, and permission specifications
for that table.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) DROP TABLE table_name
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) table_name
Is the name of the table to be removed.
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide)
Remarks
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) DROP TABLE cannot be used to drop a table referenced by a FOREIGN KEY constraint. The
| (Bitwise OR) referencing FOREIGN KEY constraint or the referencing table must be dropped first.

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)

When a table is dropped, rules or defaults on it lose their binding, and any constraints
~ (Bitwise NOT) associated with it are automatically dropped. If you re-create a table, you must rebind the
appropriate rules and defaults, and add all necessary constraints.
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
You cannot use the DROP TABLE statement on system tables.
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than) Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

!> (Not Greater Than) ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
@@IDENTITY Trademarks |Privacy Statement

ABS
ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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EXISTS (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

EXISTS

Specifies a subquery to test for the existence of rows.

Syntax

EXISTS subquery

Arguments

subquery
Is a restricted SELECT statement.

Result Types

bit

Result Values

Returns TRUE if a subquery contains any rows.

Examples

The following example finds, from the Orders table, all the orders with Washington as the Shipping Region for Employees who are listed in the Employees
table in the Northwind database.

SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE ShipRegion = 'WA' AND EXISTS (SELECT EmployeeID FROM Employees AS Emp WHERE Emp.EmployeeID = Orders.EmployeeID)

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Advanced Search
SQL Server CE Books Online
EXISTS

Specifies a subquery to test for the existence of rows.

Syntax
Up One Level
SQL Overview EXISTS subquery

+ (Add)
+ (Positive) Arguments
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) subquery
Is a restricted SELECT statement.
- (Negative)
* (Multiply) Result Types
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) bit

& (Bitwise AND)

| (Bitwise OR) Result Values
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT) Returns TRUE if a subquery contains any rows.

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) Examples
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) The following example finds, from the Orders table, all the orders with Washington as the Shipping Region for
Employees who are listed in the Employees table in the Northwind database.
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE ShipRegion = 'WA' AND EXISTS (SELECT EmployeeID FROM Employees AS Emp WHERE
Emp.EmployeeID = Orders.EmployeeID)

!< (Not Less Than)

AND
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING

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CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM
MAX
MIN
NCHAR
NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI

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POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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EXP (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

EXP

Returns the exponential value of the given float expression.

Syntax

EXP ( float_expression )

Arguments

float_expression
Is an expression of data types that can be implicitly converted to float.

Return Types

float

Examples

The following example returns the exponential value of various float expressions.

CREATE TABLE Exponent ("EXP 5.5" float, "EXP 33.2" float)

INSERT INTO Exponent VALUES(EXP(5.5), EXP(33.2))
SELECT * FROM Exponent

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SQL Server CE Books Online

EXP

Returns the exponential value of the given float expression.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) EXP ( float_expression )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
float_expression
- (Negative) Is an expression of data types that can be implicitly converted to float.

* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Return Types
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) float

| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Examples
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) The following example returns the exponential value of various float expressions.

> (Greater Than)

< (Less Than) CREATE TABLE Exponent ("EXP 5.5" float, "EXP 33.2" float)
INSERT INTO Exponent VALUES(EXP(5.5), EXP(33.2))
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) SELECT * FROM Exponent

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
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@@IDENTITY ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |

ABS Trademarks |Privacy Statement

ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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Expressions (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Expressions

An expression is a combination of symbols and operators that the database system evaluates to obtain a single data value. Simple expressions can be a
single constant, variable, column, or scalar function. Operators can be used to join two or more simple expressions into a complex expression.

Syntax

{ constant
| scalar_function
| [ alias. ] column
| ( expression )
| { unary_operator } expression
| expression { binary_operator } expression
}

Arguments

constant
Is a symbol that represents a single, specific data value. constant is one or more alphanumeric characters (letters a-z and A-Z) or symbols
(such as !, @, #). Unicode character and datetime values are enclosed in quotation marks; binary strings and numeric constants are not.
scalar_function
Is a unit of SQL syntax that provides a specific service and returns a single value.
[alias.]
Is the alias, or correlation name, assigned to a table by the AS keyword in the FROM clause.
column
Is the name of a column.
( expression )
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) as defined in this topic. The parentheses are
grouping operators that ensure that all the operators in the expression within the parentheses are evaluated before the resulting expression is
combined with another.
{ unary_operator }
Is an operator that has only one numeric operand:
● + indicates a positive number.
● - indicates a negative number.
● ~ indicates the complement operator.

Unary operators can be applied only to expressions that evaluate to any of the data types of the numeric data type category.
{ binary_operator }
Is an operator that defines the way two expressions are combined to yield a single result. binary_operator can be an arithmetic operator, the
assignment operator (=), a bitwise operator, a comparison operator, a logical operator, the string concatenation operator (+), or a unary
operator. For more information, see Operators.

Expression Results

For a simple expression built of a single constant, variable, scalar function, or column name, the data type, precision, scale, and value of the expression is
the data type, precision, scale, and value of the referenced element.

When two expressions are combined using comparison or logical operators, the resulting data type is Boolean and the value is one of three values: TRUE,
FALSE, or UNKNOWN.

When two expressions are combined using arithmetic, bitwise, or string operators, the resulting data type is determined by the operator.

Complex expressions made up of many symbols and operators evaluate to a single-valued result. The data type, precision, and value of the resulting
expression are determined by combining the component expressions two at a time until a final result is reached. The sequence in which the expressions
are combined is defined by the precedence of the operators in the expression.

Remarks

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Expressions (SQL Server CE Books Online)

An operator can combine two expressions if they both have data types supported by the operator and at least one of the following conditions is TRUE:

● The expressions have the same data type.

● The data type with the lower precedence can be implicitly converted to the data type with the higher data type precedence.

If there is no supported implicit conversion, the two expressions cannot be combined.

In a programming language such as Microsoft Visual Basic®, an expression always evaluates to a single result. Expressions in an SQL select list have a
variation on this rule: The expression is evaluated individually for each row in the result set. A single expression may have a different value in each row of
the result set, but each row has only one value for the expression. For example, in this SELECT statement, both the reference to ProductID and the term
1+2 in the select list are expressions:

SELECT ProductID, 1+2

FROM Products

The expression 1+2 evaluates to 3 in each row in the result set. Although the expression ProductID generates a unique value in each result set row, each
row only has one value for ProductID.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Expressions

An expression is a combination of symbols and operators that the database system

evaluates to obtain a single data value. Simple expressions can be a single constant,
variable, column, or scalar function. Operators can be used to join two or more simple
expressions into a complex expression.
Up One Level
SQL Overview
Syntax
+ (Add)
+ (Positive) { constant
+ (String Concatenation) | scalar_function
| [ alias. ] column
- (Subtract) | ( expression )
| { unary_operator } expression
- (Negative) }
| expression { binary_operator } expression

* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Arguments
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) constant
Is a symbol that represents a single, specific data value. constant is one or more
| (Bitwise OR) alphanumeric characters (letters a-z and A-Z) or symbols (such as !, @, #).
Unicode character and datetime values are enclosed in quotation marks; binary
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) strings and numeric constants are not.
scalar_function
~ (Bitwise NOT) Is a unit of SQL syntax that provides a specific service and returns a single
value.
= (Equals) [alias.]
Is the alias, or correlation name, assigned to a table by the AS keyword in the
> (Greater Than) FROM clause.
column
< (Less Than) Is the name of a column.
( expression )
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
(SQL Server CE) as defined in this topic. The parentheses are grouping
<= (Less Than or Equal To) operators that ensure that all the operators in the expression within the
parentheses are evaluated before the resulting expression is combined with
<> (Not Equal To) another.
{ unary_operator }
!= (Not Equal To) Is an operator that has only one numeric operand:
+ indicates a positive number.

!< (Not Less Than)

●

● - indicates a negative number.

● ~ indicates the complement operator.

!> (Not Greater Than)

@@IDENTITY Unary operators can be applied only to expressions that evaluate to any of the
data types of the numeric data type category.
ABS { binary_operator }
Is an operator that defines the way two expressions are combined to yield a
ACOS single result. binary_operator can be an arithmetic operator, the assignment
operator (=), a bitwise operator, a comparison operator, a logical operator, the
ALL string concatenation operator (+), or a unary operator. For more information,
see Operators.
ALTER TABLE
AND
Expression Results
ASIN

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For a simple expression built of a single constant, variable, scalar function, or column name,
ATAN the data type, precision, scale, and value of the expression is the data type, precision,
scale, and value of the referenced element.
ATN2
AVG
When two expressions are combined using comparison or logical operators, the resulting
BETWEEN data type is Boolean and the value is one of three values: TRUE, FALSE, or UNKNOWN.

CASE
CEILING When two expressions are combined using arithmetic, bitwise, or string operators, the
resulting data type is determined by the operator.
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
Complex expressions made up of many symbols and operators evaluate to a single-valued
COLLATE result. The data type, precision, and value of the resulting expression are determined by
combining the component expressions two at a time until a final result is reached. The
CONVERT sequence in which the expressions are combined is defined by the precedence of the
operators in the expression.
COS
COT
COUNT Remarks
CREATE DATABASE
An operator can combine two expressions if they both have data types supported by the
CREATE INDEX operator and at least one of the following conditions is TRUE:

CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH ●

●
The expressions have the same data type.
The data type with the lower precedence can be implicitly converted to the data type with the higher data type

Data Types precedence.

DATEADD If there is no supported implicit conversion, the two expressions cannot be combined.
DATEDIFF
DATENAME In a programming language such as Microsoft Visual Basic®, an expression always
DATEPART evaluates to a single result. Expressions in an SQL select list have a variation on this rule:
The expression is evaluated individually for each row in the result set. A single expression
DDL Statements may have a different value in each row of the result set, but each row has only one value
for the expression. For example, in this SELECT statement, both the reference to ProductID
DEGREES and the term 1+2 in the select list are expressions:

DELETE
DML Statements SELECT ProductID, 1+2
FROM Products
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE The expression 1+2 evaluates to 3 in each row in the result set. Although the expression
ProductID generates a unique value in each result set row, each row only has one value for
EXISTS ProductID.

EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter
GETDATE
©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
GROUP BY Clause Trademarks |Privacy Statement
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10

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FLOOR (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

FLOOR

Returns the largest integer less than or equal to the given numeric expression.

Syntax

FLOOR ( numeric_expression )

Arguments

numeric_expression
Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or of data types that are implicitly convertible to float.

Return Types

Returns the same type as numeric_expression except for the following expressions.

Specified expression Return type

tinyint, smallint int

real/float float

Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

Examples

The following example applies the FLOOR function to the UnitPrice column of the Order Details table of the Northwind database.

SELECT OrderID, UnitPrice, FLOOR(UnitPrice) AS "Floor Value"

FROM "Order Details"
WHERE UnitPrice > 100
ORDER BY UnitPrice

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Returns the largest integer less than or equal to the given numeric expression.

Syntax
Up One Level
FLOOR ( numeric_expression )
SQL Overview
+ (Add)
Arguments
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) numeric_expression
- (Subtract) Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or of data types that are implicitly convertible to float.

~ (Bitwise NOT) Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) Examples
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) The following example applies the FLOOR function to the UnitPrice column of the Order Details table of the Northwind database.

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) SELECT OrderID, UnitPrice, FLOOR(UnitPrice) AS "Floor Value"
FROM "Order Details"
!= (Not Equal To) WHERE UnitPrice > 100
ORDER BY UnitPrice
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY

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ABS
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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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FROM Clause (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

FROM Clause

Specifies the table(s) from which to retrieve rows. In Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), the FROM clause is always
required; otherwise, an error is returned.

Syntax

FROM { < table_source > } [ ,...n ]

< table_source > ::=
table_name [ [ AS ] table_alias ]
| < joined_table >
< joined_table > ::=
< table_source > < join_type > < table_source > ON < search_condition >
| ( < joined_table > )
< join_type > ::=
[ INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT } [ OUTER ] } ] JOIN

Arguments

< table_source >

Specifies the tables and joined tables for the SELECT statement.
table_name [ [ AS ] table_alias ]
Specifies the name of a table and an optional alias.
< joined_table >
Is a result set that is the join of two or more tables.

For multiple joins, you can use parentheses to specify the order of the joins.
< join_type >
Specifies the type of join operation.
INNER
Specifies that all matching pairs of rows are returned. Discards unmatched rows from both tables. This is the default if no join type is specified.
LEFT [ OUTER ]
Specifies that all rows from the left table that are not meeting the specified condition are included in the result set in addition to all rows
returned by the inner join. Output columns from the left table are set to NULL.
RIGHT [ OUTER ]
Specifies that all rows from the right table that are not meeting the specified condition are included in the result set in addition to all rows
returned by the inner join. Output columns from the right table are set to NULL.
JOIN
Indicates that the specified tables should be joined.
ON < search_condition >
Specifies the condition on which the join is based. The condition can specify any valid predicate, although columns and comparison operators
are often used.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

FROM Clause

Specifies the table(s) from which to retrieve rows. In Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000
Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), the FROM clause is always required; otherwise, an
error is returned.

Up One Level
SQL Overview Syntax
+ (Add)
+ (Positive) FROM { < table_source > } [ ,...n ]
< table_source > ::=
+ (String Concatenation) table_name [ [ AS ] table_alias ]
| < joined_table >
- (Subtract) < joined_table > ::=
< table_source > < join_type > < table_source > ON < search_condition >
- (Negative) | ( < joined_table > )
< join_type > ::=
* (Multiply) [ INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT } [ OUTER ] } ] JOIN

/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) Arguments
& (Bitwise AND)
< table_source >
| (Bitwise OR) Specifies the tables and joined tables for the SELECT statement.
table_name [ [ AS ] table_alias ]
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Specifies the name of a table and an optional alias.
< joined_table >
~ (Bitwise NOT) Is a result set that is the join of two or more tables.

= (Equals)
For multiple joins, you can use parentheses to specify the order of the joins.
> (Greater Than)
< join_type >
< (Less Than) Specifies the type of join operation.
INNER
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) Specifies that all matching pairs of rows are returned. Discards unmatched rows
from both tables. This is the default if no join type is specified.
<= (Less Than or Equal To) LEFT [ OUTER ]
Specifies that all rows from the left table that are not meeting the specified
<> (Not Equal To) condition are included in the result set in addition to all rows returned by the
inner join. Output columns from the left table are set to NULL.
!= (Not Equal To) RIGHT [ OUTER ]
Specifies that all rows from the right table that are not meeting the specified
!< (Not Less Than) condition are included in the result set in addition to all rows returned by the
inner join. Output columns from the right table are set to NULL.
!> (Not Greater Than) JOIN
Indicates that the specified tables should be joined.
@@IDENTITY ON < search_condition >
Specifies the condition on which the join is based. The condition can specify any
ABS valid predicate, although columns and comparison operators are often used.

ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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Functions (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Functions

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports the following functions.

Function Description
Aggregate Functions Perform calculations on a set of values and return a single value. Except for the COUNT function, aggregate functions ignore null values.

AVG MAX SUM

COUNT MIN

Date and Time Functions Perform an operation on a date and time input value and return a string, numeric, or date and time value.

DATEADD DATENAME GETDATE

DATEDIFF DATEPART

Mathematical Functions Perform calculations based on input values provided as parameters to the function, and return a numeric value.

ABS DEGREES RAND

ACOS EXP ROUND

ASIN FLOOR SIGN

ATAN LOG SIN

ATN2 LOG10 SQRT

CEILING PI TAN

COS POWER

COT RADIANS

String Functions Perform an operation on a string input value and return a string or numeric value.

NCHAR PATINDEX STR

CHARINDEX REPLACE STUFF

LEN REPLICATE SUBSTRING

LOWER RTRIM UNICODE

LTRIM SPACE UPPER

System Functions Perform operations on, and return information about values, objects, and settings in SQL Server CE.

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Functions (SQL Server CE Books Online)

@@IDENTITY COALESCE DATALENGTH

CASE CONVERT NEWID

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Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports the following functions.

Function Description
Aggregate Functions Perform calculations on a set of values and return a single value. Except for the COUNT function, aggregate functions ignore null values.
Up One Level AVG MAX SUM

SQL Overview
+ (Add) COUNT MIN

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Date and Time Functions Perform an operation on a date and time input value and return a string, numeric, or date and time value.

- (Subtract) DATEADD DATENAME GETDATE

- (Negative)
DATEDIFF DATEPART
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) Mathematical Functions Perform calculations based on input values provided as parameters to the function, and return a numeric value.

ABS DEGREES RAND

& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) ACOS EXP ROUND

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)

~ (Bitwise NOT) ASIN FLOOR SIGN

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) ATAN LOG SIN

< (Less Than)

>= (Greater Than or Equal To) ATN2 LOG10 SQRT

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) CEILING PI TAN

!= (Not Equal To)

!< (Not Less Than) COS POWER

!> (Not Greater Than)

@@IDENTITY COT RADIANS

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ABS String Functions

NCHAR
Perform an operation on a string input value and return a string or numeric value.

PATINDEX STR

ACOS
ALL CHARINDEX REPLACE STUFF

ALTER TABLE
AND LEN REPLICATE SUBSTRING

ASIN
ATAN LOWER RTRIM UNICODE

ATN2
AVG LTRIM SPACE UPPER

BETWEEN
CASE System Functions Perform operations on, and return information about values, objects, and settings in SQL Server CE.

CEILING @@IDENTITY COALESCE DATALENGTH

CHARINDEX
CASE CONVERT NEWID
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter
CREATE DATABASE
©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |Privacy Statement
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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GETDATE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

GETDATE

Returns the current system date and time in the standard internal format for datetime values that are supported by Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000
Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE).

Syntax

GETDATE ( )

Return Types

datetime

Examples

The following example uses GETDATE to supply information for a date column.

CREATE TABLE MyOrders (OrderID int IDENTITY(100, 1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName nvarchar(50), OrderDate datetime)
INSERT INTO MyOrders (CompanyName, OrderDate) VALUES ('A. Datum Corporation', GETDATE())

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Advanced Search
SQL Server CE Books Online
GETDATE

Returns the current system date and time in the standard internal format for datetime values that are supported by
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE).

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add)
GETDATE ( )

+ (Positive)
Return Types
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) datetime
- (Negative)
* (Multiply)
Examples
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo)
The following example uses GETDATE to supply information for a date column.
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) CREATE TABLE MyOrders (OrderID int IDENTITY(100, 1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName nvarchar(50), OrderDate datetime)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) INSERT INTO MyOrders (CompanyName, OrderDate) VALUES ('A. Datum Corporation', GETDATE())

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

<= (Less Than or Equal To) ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |Privacy Statement
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
ABS
ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE

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REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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GROUP BY Clause (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

GROUP BY Clause

Specifies the groups (equivalence classes) into which output rows are to be placed and, if aggregate functions are included in the SELECT clause <select
list>, calculates a summary value for each group. When GROUP BY is specified, either each column in any nonaggregate expression in the select list
should be included in the GROUP BY list or the GROUP BY expression must match exactly the select list expression.

Note If the ORDER BY clause is not specified, groups returned using the GROUP BY clause are not in any particular order. It is
recommended that you always use the ORDER BY clause to specify a particular ordering of the data.

Syntax

[ GROUP BY group_by_expression [ ,...n ] ]

Arguments

group_by_expression
Is an expression on which grouping is performed. group_by_expression is also known as a grouping column. group_by_expression can be a
column or a nonaggregate expression that references a column. A column alias that is defined in the select list cannot be used to specify a
grouping column. Aggregate expressions cannot be specified in a group_by_expression.

Note Columns of type ntext and image cannot be used in group_by_expression.

Note GROUP BY ALL is not supported in SQL Server CE.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

GROUP BY Clause

Specifies the groups (equivalence classes) into which output rows are to be placed and, if
aggregate functions are included in the SELECT clause <select list>, calculates a summary
value for each group. When GROUP BY is specified, either each column in any nonaggregate
expression in the select list should be included in the GROUP BY list or the GROUP BY
Up One Level expression must match exactly the select list expression.

SQL Overview
Note If the ORDER BY clause is not specified, groups returned using
+ (Add) the GROUP BY clause are not in any particular order. It is
recommended that you always use the ORDER BY clause to specify a
+ (Positive) particular ordering of the data.

+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract)
Syntax
- (Negative)
* (Multiply) [ GROUP BY group_by_expression [ ,...n ] ]
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) Arguments
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) group_by_expression
Is an expression on which grouping is performed. group_by_expression is also
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) known as a grouping column. group_by_expression can be a column or a
nonaggregate expression that references a column. A column alias that is
~ (Bitwise NOT) defined in the select list cannot be used to specify a grouping column. Aggregate
expressions cannot be specified in a group_by_expression.
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) Note Columns of type ntext and image cannot be used in
group_by_expression.
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
Note GROUP BY ALL is not supported in SQL Server CE.
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
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ABS ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |

ACOS Trademarks |Privacy Statement

ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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HAVING Clause (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

HAVING Clause

Specifies a search condition for a group or an aggregate. HAVING is usually used with the GROUP BY clause.

Syntax

[ HAVING < search_condition > ]

Arguments

< search_condition >

Specifies the search condition for the group to meet. The search condition can use aggregate expressions and nonaggregate expressions. The
only columns that can be used in the nonaggregate expressions are those specified as grouping columns in the GROUP BY clause. This is
because the group-by columns represent common properties for the entire group. Likewise, the aggregate expressions represent a common
property for the entire group. The HAVING clause search condition is expressing a predicate over the properties of the group.

The image and ntext data types cannot be used in a HAVING clause.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

HAVING Clause

Specifies a search condition for a group or an aggregate. HAVING is usually used with the
GROUP BY clause.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) [ HAVING < search_condition > ]
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) < search_condition >
Specifies the search condition for the group to meet. The search condition can
* (Multiply) use aggregate expressions and nonaggregate expressions. The only columns
that can be used in the nonaggregate expressions are those specified as
/ (Divide) grouping columns in the GROUP BY clause. This is because the group-by
columns represent common properties for the entire group. Likewise, the
% (Modulo) aggregate expressions represent a common property for the entire group. The
HAVING clause search condition is expressing a predicate over the properties of
& (Bitwise AND) the group.

| (Bitwise OR)
The image and ntext data types cannot be used in a HAVING clause.
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than)
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<= (Less Than or Equal To) ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
<> (Not Equal To) Trademarks |Privacy Statement

!= (Not Equal To)

!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
ABS
ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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IDENTITY (Property) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

IDENTITY (Property)

Creates an identity column in a table. This property is used with the CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE statements.

Syntax

IDENTITY [ ( seed , increment ) ]

Arguments

seed
Is the value that is used for the first row loaded into the table.
increment
Is the incremental value that is added to the identity value of the previous row that was loaded.

Note You must specify both the seed and increment, or neither. If neither is specified, the default is (1,1).

Remarks

In Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), the IDENTITY property can be created only on a column of an integer data
type. A table can have only one IDENTITY column.

Examples

This example creates a two-column table in which the first column is an IDENTITY column.

CREATE TABLE MyCustomers (CustID int IDENTITY (100,1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName nvarchar (50))

See Also

ALTER TABLE

CREATE TABLE

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SQL Server CE Books Online

IDENTITY (Property)

Creates an identity column in a table. This property is used with the CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE
statements.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) IDENTITY [ ( seed , increment ) ]
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) seed
Is the value that is used for the first row loaded into the table.
* (Multiply) increment
Is the incremental value that is added to the identity value of the previous row that was
/ (Divide) loaded.

% (Modulo)
Note You must specify both the seed and increment, or neither. If neither is
& (Bitwise AND) specified, the default is (1,1).

| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Remarks
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) In Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), the IDENTITY property can
be created only on a column of an integer data type. A table can have only one IDENTITY column.
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) Examples
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To) This example creates a two-column table in which the first column is an IDENTITY column.

!= (Not Equal To)

!< (Not Less Than) CREATE TABLE MyCustomers (CustID int IDENTITY (100,1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName nvarchar (50))

!> (Not Greater Than)

@@IDENTITY See Also
ABS
ACOS ALTER TABLE

ALL
ALTER TABLE CREATE TABLE

AND
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG

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NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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IN (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Determines whether a given value matches any value in a subquery or a list.

Syntax

test_expression [ NOT ] IN
(
subquery
| expression [ ,...n ]
)

Arguments

test_expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
subquery
Is a subquery that has a result set of one column. This column must have the same data type as test_expression.
expression [,...n]
Is a list of expressions to test for a match. All expressions must be of the same type as test_expression.

Result Types

bit

Result Value

If the value of test_expression is equal to any value returned by subquery or is equal to any expression from the comma-separated list, the result value is
TRUE. Otherwise, the result value is FALSE.

Using NOT IN negates the returned value.

Examples

The following example selects all customers in the Northwind database who are from Brazil, Argentina, and Venezuela.

SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Country IN ('Brazil', 'Argentina', 'Venezuela')

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Determines whether a given value matches any value in a subquery or a list.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) test_expression [ NOT ] IN
(
+ (Positive) subquery
| expression [ ,...n ]
+ (String Concatenation) )

- (Subtract)
- (Negative) Arguments
* (Multiply)
test_expression
/ (Divide) Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
(SQL Server CE).
% (Modulo) subquery
Is a subquery that has a result set of one column. This column must have the
& (Bitwise AND) same data type as test_expression.
expression [,...n]
| (Bitwise OR) Is a list of expressions to test for a match. All expressions must be of the same
type as test_expression.
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
Result Types
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) bit
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
Result Value
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To) If the value of test_expression is equal to any value returned by subquery or is equal to any
!= (Not Equal To) expression from the comma-separated list, the result value is TRUE. Otherwise, the result
value is FALSE.
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than) Using NOT IN negates the returned value.
@@IDENTITY
ABS
Examples
ACOS
ALL The following example selects all customers in the Northwind database who are from
ALTER TABLE Brazil, Argentina, and Venezuela.

AND
ASIN SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Country IN ('Brazil', 'Argentina', 'Venezuela')

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ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

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CEILING Trademarks |Privacy Statement

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Information Schema (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Information Schema

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) exposes meta data about the current database through the following
INFORMATION_SCHEMA views.

View Contains information about

COLUMNS Columns accessible to the current user in the current database.

INDEXES Indexes in the current database.

KEY_COLUMN_USAGE Keys in the current database.

PROVIDER_TYPES Data types supported in SQL Server CE.

TABLES Tables accessible to the current user in the current database.

TABLE_CONSTRAINTS Table constraints in the current database.

To retrieve data from these views, use the fully qualified name INFORMATION_SCHEMA:

SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES

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Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) exposes meta data about the current database through the following
INFORMATION_SCHEMA views.

View Contains information about

Up One Level COLUMNS Columns accessible to the current user in the current database.

SQL Overview INDEXES Indexes in the current database.

KEY_COLUMN_USAGE Keys in the current database.

+ (Add) PROVIDER_TYPES Data types supported in SQL Server CE.

+ (Positive) TABLES Tables accessible to the current user in the current database.

TABLE_CONSTRAINTS Table constraints in the current database.

+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract)
To retrieve data from these views, use the fully qualified name INFORMATION_SCHEMA:
- (Negative)
* (Multiply)
SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
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~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |Privacy Statement

> (Greater Than)

< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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INSERT (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

INSERT

Adds new rows to a table.

Syntax

INSERT [ INTO]
table_name [ ( column_list ) ]
{ VALUES
( { DEFAULT | NULL | expression } [ ,...n] )
}

Arguments

[INTO]
Is an optional keyword that can be used between INSERT and the target table.
table_name
Is the name of a table that is to receive the data.
( column_list )
Is a list of one or more columns in which to insert data. column_list must be enclosed in parentheses and delimited by commas.
VALUES
Introduces the list of data values to be inserted. There must be one data value for each column in column_list (if specified) or in the table. The values list
must be enclosed in parentheses.
DEFAULT
Requires that the default value defined for a column is to be used by Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
NULL
Indicates that the value is unknown. A value of NULL is different from an empty or zero value.
expression
Is a constant, a variable, or an expression.

Remarks

To replace data in a table, the DELETE statement must be used to clear existing data before loading new data with INSERT. To modify column values in existing rows,
use UPDATE.

If the insert column_list is omitted, then an insert column list that identifies all columns of the table in the ascending sequence of their ordinal positions is implicit.

A column in the table can be identified only once in column_list.

If a column is not in column_list, SQL Server CE must be able to provide a value based on the definition of the column; otherwise, the row cannot be loaded. SQL Server
CE automatically provides a value for the column if the column:

● Has an IDENTITY property. The next incremental identity value is used.

● Has a default. The default value for the column is used.
● Is nullable. A null value is used.

The column list and VALUES list must be used when inserting explicit values into an identity column. If the values in the VALUES list are not in the same order as the
columns in the table or do not have a value for each column in the table, column_list must be used to explicitly specify the column that stores each incoming value.

When DEFAULT is used to specify a column value, the default value for that column is inserted. If a default does not exist for the column and the column allows null
values, NULL is inserted. DEFAULT is not valid for an identity column.

Columns created with the uniqueidentifier data type store specially formatted 16-byte binary values. Unlike with identity columns, SQL Server CE automatically
generates values for ROWGUID columns with the uniqueidentifier data type. During an insert operation, variables with a data type of uniqueidentifier and string
constants in the form xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx (36 characters including hyphens, where x is a hexadecimal digit in the range 0-9 or a-f) can be used for
uniqueidentifier columns. For example, 6F9619FF-8B86-D011-B42D-00C04FC964FF is a valid value for a uniqueidentifier variable or column.

When you insert rows, the following rules apply:

● If a value is being loaded into columns with an nchar, nvarchar, or varbinary data type, the padding or truncation of trailing blanks (spaces for nchar and nvarchar, zeros for varbinary) is determined as defined in the
following table.

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INSERT (SQL Server CE Books Online)

Data type Default operation

nchar/binary Pad original value (with trailing blanks for the nchar columns and with trailing zeros for the binary columns) to the length of the column.

nvarchar Trailing blanks in character values inserted into nvarchar columns are not trimmed. Values are not padded to the length of the column.

varbinary Trailing zeros in binary values inserted into varbinary columns are not trimmed. Values are not padded to the length of the column.

● If an INSERT statement violates a constraint or rule or if it has a value incompatible with the data type of the column, the statement fails and SQL Server CE displays an error message.
● If INSERT is loading multiple rows with SELECT, any violation of a rule or constraint that occurs from the values being loaded causes the entire statement to be terminated, and no rows are loaded.

Examples

A. Using a simple INSERT statement

The following example adds a new company to the Customers table in the Northwind database. Where certain information is unavailable, a null value is inserted.

INSERT INTO Customers VALUES ('TSTCU', 'Testing Site Telephony Co.', 'John Kay', 'Owner', NULL, 'Forks', NULL, NULL, 'USA', NULL, DEFAULT)

B. Inserting data that is not in the same order as the columns

The following example uses column_list and the VALUES list to specify explicitly the values that are inserted into each column in the Customers table in the Northwind
database.

INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerID, CompanyName, Country, Phone) VALUES ('XYZAB', 'Xylophone Alphabet Co.', 'USA', '206-321-8765')

C. Inserting data with fewer values than columns

The following example adds Liz Smith to the Employees table in the Northwind database without supplying a value for EmployeeID.

INSERT Employees (LastName, FirstName) VALUES ('Smith', 'Liz')

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Adds new rows to a table.

Syntax
Up One Level
INSERT [ INTO]
SQL Overview table_name [ ( column_list ) ]
{ VALUES
+ (Add) ( { DEFAULT | NULL | expression } [ ,...n] )
}
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation)
Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) [INTO]
* (Multiply) table_name
Is an optional keyword that can be used between INSERT and the target table.

/ (Divide) Is the name of a table that is to receive the data.

( column_list )
% (Modulo) VALUES
Is a list of one or more columns in which to insert data. column_list must be enclosed in parentheses and delimited by commas.

& (Bitwise AND) Introduces the list of data values to be inserted. There must be one data value for each column in column_list (if specified) or in the table. The values list
must be enclosed in parentheses.
| (Bitwise OR) DEFAULT
Requires that the default value defined for a column is to be used by Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) NULL
Indicates that the value is unknown. A value of NULL is different from an empty or zero value.
~ (Bitwise NOT) expression
Is a constant, a variable, or an expression.
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) Remarks
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) To replace data in a table, the DELETE statement must be used to clear existing data before loading new data with INSERT. To modify column values in existing rows,
use UPDATE.
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
If the insert column_list is omitted, then an insert column list that identifies all columns of the table in the ascending sequence of their ordinal positions is implicit.
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
A column in the table can be identified only once in column_list.
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
If a column is not in column_list, SQL Server CE must be able to provide a value based on the definition of the column; otherwise, the row cannot be loaded. SQL Server
CE automatically provides a value for the column if the column:

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ABS ●

●
Has an IDENTITY property. The next incremental identity value is used.
Has a default. The default value for the column is used.
Is nullable. A null value is used.

ACOS
ALL The column list and VALUES list must be used when inserting explicit values into an identity column. If the values in the VALUES list are not in the same order as the
columns in the table or do not have a value for each column in the table, column_list must be used to explicitly specify the column that stores each incoming value.
ALTER TABLE
AND
When DEFAULT is used to specify a column value, the default value for that column is inserted. If a default does not exist for the column and the column allows null
ASIN values, NULL is inserted. DEFAULT is not valid for an identity column.

ATAN
ATN2 Columns created with the uniqueidentifier data type store specially formatted 16-byte binary values. Unlike with identity columns, SQL Server CE automatically
generates values for ROWGUID columns with the uniqueidentifier data type. During an insert operation, variables with a data type of uniqueidentifier and string
AVG constants in the form xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx (36 characters including hyphens, where x is a hexadecimal digit in the range 0-9 or a-f) can be used for
uniqueidentifier columns. For example, 6F9619FF-8B86-D011-B42D-00C04FC964FF is a valid value for a uniqueidentifier variable or column.
BETWEEN
CASE
When you insert rows, the following rules apply:
CEILING
CHARINDEX ● If a value is being loaded into columns with an nchar, nvarchar, or varbinary data type, the padding or truncation of trailing blanks (spaces for nchar and nvarchar, zeros for varbinary) is determined as defined in the

COALESCE
following table.

Data type Default operation

COLLATE nchar/binary Pad original value (with trailing blanks for the nchar columns and with trailing zeros for the binary columns) to the length of the column.

CONVERT nvarchar Trailing blanks in character values inserted into nvarchar columns are not trimmed. Values are not padded to the length of the column.

varbinary Trailing zeros in binary values inserted into varbinary columns are not trimmed. Values are not padded to the length of the column.

COS ● If an INSERT statement violates a constraint or rule or if it has a value incompatible with the data type of the column, the statement fails and SQL Server CE displays an error message.
If INSERT is loading multiple rows with SELECT, any violation of a rule or constraint that occurs from the values being loaded causes the entire statement to be terminated, and no rows are loaded.

COT
●

COUNT Examples
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX A. Using a simple INSERT statement

CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH The following example adds a new company to the Customers table in the Northwind database. Where certain information is unavailable, a null value is inserted.

Data Types
DATEADD INSERT INTO Customers VALUES ('TSTCU', 'Testing Site Telephony Co.', 'John Kay', 'Owner', NULL, 'Forks', NULL,
NULL, 'USA', NULL, DEFAULT)
DATEDIFF
DATENAME B. Inserting data that is not in the same order as the columns
DATEPART
DDL Statements The following example uses column_list and the VALUES list to specify explicitly the values that are inserted into each column in the Customers table in the Northwind
database.
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerID, CompanyName, Country, Phone) VALUES ('XYZAB', 'Xylophone Alphabet Co.',
'USA', '206-321-8765')

DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE C. Inserting data with fewer values than columns

EXISTS
EXP The following example adds Liz Smith to the Employees table in the Northwind database without supplying a value for EmployeeID.

Expressions
FLOOR INSERT Employees (LastName, FirstName) VALUES ('Smith', 'Liz')

FROM Clause
Functions

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IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM
MAX
MIN
NCHAR
NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF

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SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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IS [NOT] NULL (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

IS [NOT] NULL

Determines whether or not a given expression is NULL.

Syntax

expression IS [ NOT ] NULL

Arguments

expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
NOT
Specifies that the Boolean result be negated. The predicate reverses its return values, returning TRUE if the value is NOT NULL, and FALSE if
the value is NULL.

Result Types

bit

Return Code Values

If the value of expression is NULL, IS NULL returns TRUE; otherwise, it returns FALSE.

If the value of expression is NULL, IS NOT NULL returns FALSE; otherwise, it returns TRUE.

Remarks

To determine whether an expression is NULL, use IS NULL or IS NOT NULL rather than comparison operators (such as = or !=). Comparison operators
return UNKNOWN if either or both arguments are NULL.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

IS [NOT] NULL

Determines whether or not a given expression is NULL.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) expression IS [ NOT ] NULL

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
expression
- (Negative) Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
(SQL Server CE).
* (Multiply) NOT
Specifies that the Boolean result be negated. The predicate reverses its return
/ (Divide) values, returning TRUE if the value is NOT NULL, and FALSE if the value is NULL.

% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Result Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) bit

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Return Code Values
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) If the value of expression is NULL, IS NULL returns TRUE; otherwise, it returns FALSE.

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

<= (Less Than or Equal To) If the value of expression is NULL, IS NOT NULL returns FALSE; otherwise, it returns TRUE.

<> (Not Equal To)

!= (Not Equal To) Remarks
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than) To determine whether an expression is NULL, use IS NULL or IS NOT NULL rather than
comparison operators (such as = or !=). Comparison operators return UNKNOWN if either
@@IDENTITY or both arguments are NULL.

ABS
ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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LEN (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

LEN

Returns the number of characters, rather than the number of bytes, of the given string expression, excluding trailing blanks.

Syntax

LEN ( string_expression )

Arguments

string_expression
Is the string expression to be evaluated. string_expression can be any data type that can be implicitly converted to nvarchar. Binary
expressions can also be supplied as arguments, in which case, the number of bytes is returned.

Return Types

int

Example

The following example returns the company names listed in the Customers table in the Northwind database along with the number of characters in the
company name.

SELECT CompanyName, LEN(CompanyName)

FROM Customers

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LEN

Returns the number of characters, rather than the number of bytes, of the given string
expression, excluding trailing blanks.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) LEN ( string_expression )
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) string_expression
Is the string expression to be evaluated. string_expression can be any data type
* (Multiply) that can be implicitly converted to nvarchar. Binary expressions can also be
supplied as arguments, in which case, the number of bytes is returned.
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo)
Return Types
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) int
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
Example
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) The following example returns the company names listed in the Customers table in the
< (Less Than) Northwind database along with the number of characters in the company name.

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

<= (Less Than or Equal To) SELECT CompanyName, LEN(CompanyName)
FROM Customers
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
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ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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LIKE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Determines whether a given character string matches a specified pattern. A pattern can include regular characters and wildcard characters. During pattern
matching, regular characters must match exactly the characters specified in the character string. Wildcard characters, however, can be matched with
arbitrary fragments of the character string. Using wildcard characters makes the LIKE operator more flexible than using the = and != string comparison
operators. If any of the arguments are not of a character string data type, Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) converts
them to a character string data type, if possible.

Syntax

match_expression [ NOT ] LIKE pattern [ ESCAPE escape_character ]

Arguments

match_expression
Is any valid expression in SQL Server CE of nchar, nvarchar, or ntext data type.
pattern
Is the pattern to search for in match_expression and can include the following valid SQL Server CE wildcard characters.
Wildcard character Description Example
% Any string of zero or more characters. WHERE title LIKE '%computer%' finds all book titles with the word 'computer' anywhere in the book
title.

_ (underscore) Any single character. WHERE au_fname LIKE '_ean' finds all four-letter first names that end with ean (Dean, Sean, and so
on).

escape_character
Is any valid expression in SQL Server CE of any of the data types of the character string data type category. escape_character has no default and
must consist of only one character.

Result Types

bit

Result Value

LIKE returns TRUE if the match_expression matches the specified pattern.

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SQL Server CE Books Online
LIKE

Up One Level
SQL Overview Syntax
+ (Add)
+ (Positive) match_expression [ NOT ] LIKE pattern [ ESCAPE escape_character ]

+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) Arguments
- (Negative)
* (Multiply) match_expression
Is any valid expression in SQL Server CE of nchar, nvarchar, or ntext data type.
/ (Divide) pattern
Is the pattern to search for in match_expression and can include the following valid SQL Server CE wildcard characters.
% (Modulo) Wildcard character Description Example

& (Bitwise AND) % Any string of zero or more characters. WHERE title LIKE '%computer%' finds all book titles with the word 'computer' anywhere in the book
title.

| (Bitwise OR) _ (underscore) Any single character. WHERE au_fname LIKE '_ean' finds all four-letter first names that end with ean (Dean, Sean, and so
on).

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) escape_character

Is any valid expression in SQL Server CE of any of the data types of the character string data type category. escape_character has no default and
~ (Bitwise NOT) must consist of only one character.

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) Result Types
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) bit

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) Result Value
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than) LIKE returns TRUE if the match_expression matches the specified pattern.

!> (Not Greater Than)

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UPPER
WHERE Clause

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LOG (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

LOG

Returns the natural logarithm of the given float expression.

Syntax

LOG ( float_expression )

Arguments

float_expression
Is an expression of the type float, or of types that can be implicitly converted to float.

Return Types

float

Examples

The following example returns the logarithm of various float values.

CREATE TABLE Logarithms ("LOG 2" float, "LOG 20" float, "LOG 200" float)
INSERT INTO Logarithms VALUES (LOG(2), LOG(20), LOG(200))
SELECT * FROM Logarithms

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LOG

Returns the natural logarithm of the given float expression.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) LOG ( float_expression )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
float_expression
- (Negative) Is an expression of the type float, or of types that can be implicitly converted to
float.
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide)
Return Types
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) float
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
Examples
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) The following example returns the logarithm of various float values.
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) CREATE TABLE Logarithms ("LOG 2" float, "LOG 20" float, "LOG 200" float)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) INSERT INTO Logarithms VALUES (LOG(2), LOG(20), LOG(200))
SELECT * FROM Logarithms
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
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ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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LOG10 (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

LOG10

Returns the base-10 logarithm of the given float expression.

Syntax

LOG10 ( float_expression )

Arguments

float_expression
Is an expression of the type float, or of types that can be implicitly converted to float.

Return Types

float

Examples

The following example returns the base-10 logarithm of various float values.

CREATE TABLE "Base-10 Logarithms" ("LOG10 2" float, "LOG10 20" float, "LOG10 200" float)
INSERT INTO Logarithm VALUES (LOG10(2), LOG10(20), LOG10(200))
SELECT * FROM "Base-10 Logarithms"

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LOG10

Returns the base-10 logarithm of the given float expression.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) LOG10 ( float_expression )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
float_expression
- (Negative) Is an expression of the type float, or of types that can be implicitly converted to
float.
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide)
Return Types
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) float
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
Examples
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) The following example returns the base-10 logarithm of various float values.
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) CREATE TABLE "Base-10 Logarithms" ("LOG10 2" float, "LOG10 20" float, "LOG10 200" float)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) INSERT INTO Logarithm VALUES (LOG10(2), LOG10(20), LOG10(200))
SELECT * FROM "Base-10 Logarithms"
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
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ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2

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MIN
NCHAR
NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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LOWER (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

LOWER

Returns a character expression after converting uppercase character data to lowercase.

Syntax

LOWER ( character_expression )

Arguments

character_expression
Is an expression of character or binary data type, or a data type that is implicitly convertible to nvarchar or ntext. Otherwise, use CAST to
explicitly convert character_expression.

Return Types

nvarchar or ntext

Examples

The following example returns, in lower case, the list of company names in the Customers table in the Northwind database.

SELECT CustomerID, LOWER(CompanyName), City

FROM Customers

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LOWER

Returns a character expression after converting uppercase character data to lowercase.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) LOWER ( character_expression )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
character_expression
- (Negative) Is an expression of character or binary data type, or a data type that is implicitly
convertible to nvarchar or ntext. Otherwise, use CAST to explicitly convert
* (Multiply) character_expression.

/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) Return Types
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) nvarchar or ntext

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)

~ (Bitwise NOT) Examples
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) The following example returns, in lower case, the list of company names in the Customers
table in the Northwind database.
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) SELECT CustomerID, LOWER(CompanyName), City
<= (Less Than or Equal To) FROM Customers

<> (Not Equal To)

!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
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ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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LTRIM (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

LTRIM

Returns a character expression after removing leading blanks.

Syntax

LTRIM ( character_expression )

Arguments

character_expression
Is an expression of character or binary data. character_expression must be of a data type that is implicitly convertible to nvarchar or ntext.
Otherwise, use CAST to explicitly convert character_expression.

Return Types

nvarchar or ntext

Examples

The following example removes leading blanks from the names of customers listed in the MyCustomers table.

CREATE TABLE MyCustomers (CustID INTEGER IDENTITY (100,1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName nvarchar (50))
INSERT INTO MyCustomers (CompanyName) VALUES (' A. Datum Corporation')
SELECT CustID, LTRIM(CompanyName)
FROM MyCustomers

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LTRIM

Returns a character expression after removing leading blanks.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) LTRIM ( character_expression )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
character_expression
- (Negative) Is an expression of character or binary data. character_expression must be of a data type that
is implicitly convertible to nvarchar or ntext. Otherwise, use CAST to explicitly convert
* (Multiply) character_expression.

/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) Return Types
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) nvarchar or ntext

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)

~ (Bitwise NOT) Examples
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) The following example removes leading blanks from the names of customers listed in the MyCustomers
table.
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) CREATE TABLE MyCustomers (CustID INTEGER IDENTITY (100,1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName nvarchar (50))
<= (Less Than or Equal To) INSERT INTO MyCustomers (CompanyName) VALUES ('
SELECT CustID, LTRIM(CompanyName)
A. Datum Corporation')

<> (Not Equal To) FROM MyCustomers

!= (Not Equal To)

!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
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ALL Privacy Statement

ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN

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CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM
MAX
MIN
NCHAR
NEWID
NOT
Operators

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OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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MAX (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

MAX

Returns the maximum value in the expression.

Syntax

MAX ( [ ALL ] expression )

Arguments

ALL
Applies the aggregate function to all values. ALL is the default.
expression
Is a constant, column name, or function, and any combination of arithmetic, bitwise, and string operators. MAX can be used with numeric,
character, and datetime columns but not with bit columns. Aggregate functions and subqueries are not permitted.

Return Types

Returns a value of the same type as expression.

Remarks

MAX ignores any null values.

For character columns, MAX finds the highest value in the collating sequence.

Examples

The following example uses MAX to determine the highest priced item in the Products table in the Northwind database.

SELECT MAX(UnitPrice)AS "Most Expensive" FROM Products

This is the result set:

Most Expensive
--------------
263.5

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MAX

Returns the maximum value in the expression.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) MAX ( [ ALL ] expression )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
ALL
- (Negative) Applies the aggregate function to all values. ALL is the default.
expression
* (Multiply) Is a constant, column name, or function, and any combination of arithmetic,
bitwise, and string operators. MAX can be used with numeric, character, and
/ (Divide) datetime columns but not with bit columns. Aggregate functions and
subqueries are not permitted.
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND)
Return Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Returns a value of the same type as expression.
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals)
Remarks
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) MAX ignores any null values.
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) For character columns, MAX finds the highest value in the collating sequence.
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
Examples
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than) The following example uses MAX to determine the highest priced item in the Products table
@@IDENTITY in the Northwind database.

ABS
ACOS SELECT MAX(UnitPrice)AS "Most Expensive" FROM Products

ALL
This is the result set:
ALTER TABLE
AND Most Expensive
ASIN --------------
263.5

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ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN
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CASE
CEILING ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
Trademarks |Privacy Statement
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10

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MIN (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

MIN

Returns the minimum value in the expression.

Syntax

MIN ( [ ALL ] expression )

Arguments

ALL
Applies the aggregate function to all values. ALL is the default.
expression
Is a constant, column name, or function, and any combination of arithmetic, bitwise, and string operators. MIN can be used with numeric,
nchar, nvarchar, or datetime columns but not with bit columns. Aggregate functions and subqueries are not permitted.

Return Types

Returns a value of the same type as expression.

Remarks

MIN ignores any null values.

With character data columns, MIN finds the value that is lowest in the sort sequence.

Examples

The following example uses MIN to determine the lowest priced item in the Products table in the Northwind database.

SELECT MIN(UnitPrice) AS "Least Expensive" FROM Products

This is the result set:

Least Expensive
---------------
2.5

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MIN

Returns the minimum value in the expression.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) MIN ( [ ALL ] expression )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
ALL
- (Negative) Applies the aggregate function to all values. ALL is the default.
expression
* (Multiply) Is a constant, column name, or function, and any combination of arithmetic,
bitwise, and string operators. MIN can be used with numeric, nchar, nvarchar,
/ (Divide) or datetime columns but not with bit columns. Aggregate functions and
subqueries are not permitted.
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND)
Return Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Returns a value of the same type as expression.
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals)
Remarks
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) MIN ignores any null values.
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) With character data columns, MIN finds the value that is lowest in the sort sequence.
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
Examples
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than) The following example uses MIN to determine the lowest priced item in the Products table
@@IDENTITY in the Northwind database.

ABS
ACOS SELECT MIN(UnitPrice) AS "Least Expensive" FROM Products

ALL
This is the result set:
ALTER TABLE
AND Least Expensive
ASIN ---------------
2.5

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NCHAR (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

NCHAR

Returns the Unicode character with the given integer code, as defined by the Unicode standard.

Syntax

NCHAR ( integer_expression )

Arguments

integer_expression

Is a positive integer from 0 through 65535. integer_expression can also be of a data type that can be implicitly converted to int within the specified range.
If a value outside this range is specified, NULL is returned.

Return Types

nchar(1)

Examples

The following example returns the first letter of each company name listed in the Customers table of the Northwind database.

SELECT CompanyName, NCHAR(UNICODE(CompanyName))

FROM Customers

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SQL Server CE Books Online

NCHAR

Returns the Unicode character with the given integer code, as defined by the Unicode
standard.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) NCHAR ( integer_expression )
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) integer_expression

* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Is a positive integer from 0 through 65535. integer_expression can also be of a data type
that can be implicitly converted to int within the specified range. If a value outside this
% (Modulo) range is specified, NULL is returned.

& (Bitwise AND)

| (Bitwise OR) Return Types
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT) nchar(1)

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) Examples
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) The following example returns the first letter of each company name listed in the
Customers table of the Northwind database.
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
SELECT CompanyName, NCHAR(UNICODE(CompanyName))
!= (Not Equal To) FROM Customers

!< (Not Less Than)

!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
ABS
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ASIN

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NEWID (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

NEWID

Creates a unique value of type uniqueidentifier.

Syntax

NEWID ( )

Return Types

uniqueidentifier

Examples

The following example returns a uniqueidentifier value that is inserted into a table using the NEWID function.

CREATE TABLE myTable(GuidCol uniqueidentifier, NumCol int)

INSERT INTO myTable Values(NEWID(), 4)
SELECT * FROM myTable

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NEWID

Creates a unique value of type uniqueidentifier.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) NEWID ( )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Return Types
- (Subtract)
uniqueidentifier
- (Negative)
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Examples
% (Modulo)
The following example returns a uniqueidentifier value that is inserted into a table using
& (Bitwise AND) the NEWID function.

| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) CREATE TABLE myTable(GuidCol uniqueidentifier, NumCol int)
INSERT INTO myTable Values(NEWID(), 4)
~ (Bitwise NOT) SELECT * FROM myTable

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
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!< (Not Less Than)

!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
ABS
ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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NOT (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

NOT

Negates a Boolean input.

Syntax

[ NOT ] boolean_expression

Arguments

boolean_expression
Is any valid Boolean expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).

Result Types

bit

Result Value

NOT reverses the value of any Boolean expression.

Examples

The following example returns a list of all products that have a unit price less than 10 dollars and greater than 100 dollars.

SELECT ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice

FROM Products
WHERE UnitPrice NOT BETWEEN 10 AND 100

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NOT

Negates a Boolean input.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) [ NOT ] boolean_expression

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
boolean_expression
- (Negative) Is any valid Boolean expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE
Edition (SQL Server CE).
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide)
Result Types
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) bit
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
Result Value
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) NOT reverses the value of any Boolean expression.
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than)
Examples
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) The following example returns a list of all products that have a unit price less than 10
<> (Not Equal To) dollars and greater than 100 dollars.

!= (Not Equal To)

!< (Not Less Than) SELECT ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice
FROM Products
!> (Not Greater Than) WHERE UnitPrice NOT BETWEEN 10 AND 100

@@IDENTITY
ABS
ACOS
ALL
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Operators (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Operators

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports the following operators.

Arithmetic Operators

+ (Add) / (Divide)

- (Subtract) % (Modulo)

* (Multiply)

Bitwise Operators

Note Only one expression can be of either binary or varbinary data type in a bitwise operation.

& (AND) ^ (Exclusive OR)

| (OR) ~ (NOT)

Comparison Operators

= (Equals) <> (Not Equal To)

> (Greater Than) != (Not Equal To)

< (Less Than) !< (Not Less Than)

>= (Greater Than or Equal To) !> (Not Greater Than)

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

Logical Operators

ALL IN

AND LIKE

ANY NOT

BETWEEN OR

EXISTS SOME

Unary Operators

+ (Positive) - (Negative)

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Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports the following operators.

Arithmetic Operators

Up One Level
SQL Overview
+ (Add) / (Divide)

- (Subtract) % (Modulo)

+ (Add) * (Multiply)

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Bitwise Operators
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) Note Only one expression can be of either binary or varbinary data type in a bitwise operation.
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide)
& (AND) ^ (Exclusive OR)
% (Modulo) | (OR) ~ (NOT)

& (Bitwise AND)

| (Bitwise OR) Comparison Operators
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) <> (Not Equal To)
= (Equals) > (Greater Than) != (Not Equal To)

> (Greater Than) < (Less Than) !< (Not Less Than)

< (Less Than) >= (Greater Than or Equal To) !> (Not Greater Than)

>= (Greater Than or Equal To) <= (Less Than or Equal To)

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) Logical Operators

!= (Not Equal To)

!< (Not Less Than) ALL IN

!> (Not Greater Than) AND LIKE

@@IDENTITY ANY NOT

BETWEEN OR

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EXISTS SOME

ABS
ACOS Unary Operators
ALL
ALTER TABLE
+ (Positive) - (Negative)
AND
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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OR (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Combines two conditions. When more than one logical operator is used in a statement, OR operators are evaluated after AND operators; however, you can
change the order of evaluation by using parentheses.

Syntax

Boolean_expression OR Boolean_expression

Arguments

Boolean_expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) that returns TRUE, FALSE, or UNKNOWN.

Result Types

bit

Result Value

OR returns TRUE when either of the conditions is TRUE.

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Combines two conditions. When more than one logical operator is used in a statement, OR
operators are evaluated after AND operators; however, you can change the order of
evaluation by using parentheses.

Up One Level
SQL Overview Syntax
+ (Add)
+ (Positive) Boolean_expression OR Boolean_expression

+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) Arguments
- (Negative)
Boolean_expression
* (Multiply) Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
(SQL Server CE) that returns TRUE, FALSE, or UNKNOWN.
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo)
Result Types
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) bit
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
Result Value
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) OR returns TRUE when either of the conditions is TRUE.
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
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!> (Not Greater Than) ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
Trademarks |Privacy Statement
@@IDENTITY
ABS
ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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ORDER BY Clause (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

ORDER BY Clause

Specifies the sort order for the result set. The ORDER BY clause is not valid in subqueries.

Syntax

[ ORDER BY { order_by_expression [ ASC | DESC ] } [ ,...n] ]

Arguments

order_by_expression
Specifies a column on which to sort. A sort column can be specified as a name or column alias (which can be qualified by the table name) or an
expression. Multiple sort columns can be specified. The sequence of the sort columns in the ORDER BY clause defines the organization of the
sorted result set.

The ORDER BY clause can include items not appearing in the select list.

Note ntext and image columns cannot be used in an ORDER BY clause.

ASC
Specifies that the values in the specified column should be sorted in ascending order, from lowest value to highest value.
DESC
Specifies that the values in the specified column should be sorted in descending order, from highest value to lowest value. Null values are
treated as the lowest possible values.

There is no limit to the number of items in the ORDER BY clause.

Examples

The following example lists employees by their first names.

SELECT FirstName + ' ' + LastName FROM Employees ORDER BY FirstName

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SQL Server CE Books Online

ORDER BY Clause

Specifies the sort order for the result set. The ORDER BY clause is not valid in subqueries.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) [ ORDER BY { order_by_expression [ ASC | DESC ] } [ ,...n] ]

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
order_by_expression
- (Negative) Specifies a column on which to sort. A sort column can be specified as a name or
column alias (which can be qualified by the table name) or an expression.
* (Multiply) Multiple sort columns can be specified. The sequence of the sort columns in the
ORDER BY clause defines the organization of the sorted result set.
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) The ORDER BY clause can include items not appearing in the select list.

& (Bitwise AND)

| (Bitwise OR) Note ntext and image columns cannot be used in an
ORDER BY clause.
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
ASC
= (Equals) Specifies that the values in the specified column should be sorted in ascending
order, from lowest value to highest value.
> (Greater Than) DESC
Specifies that the values in the specified column should be sorted in descending
< (Less Than) order, from highest value to lowest value. Null values are treated as the lowest
possible values.
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) There is no limit to the number of items in the ORDER BY clause.
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To) Examples
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than) The following example lists employees by their first names.

@@IDENTITY
ABS SELECT FirstName + ' ' + LastName FROM Employees ORDER BY FirstName

ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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PATINDEX (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

PATINDEX

Returns the starting position of the first occurrence of a pattern in a specified expression, or zeros if the pattern is not found, on all valid text and
character data types.

Syntax

PATINDEX ( '%pattern%' , expression )

Arguments

pattern
Is a literal string. Wildcard characters can be used; however, the % character must precede and follow pattern (except when searching for first
or last characters). pattern is an expression of types that can be implicitly converted to nchar, nvarchar, or ntext.
expression
Is an expression, usually a column that is searched to find the specified pattern. expression can be nchar, nvarchar, or ntext.

Return Types

int

Examples

The following example searches the list of products that have the word Anton in their name.

SELECT ProductName, PATINDEX('%Anton%', ProductName)

FROM Products

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SQL Server CE Books Online

PATINDEX

Returns the starting position of the first occurrence of a pattern in a specified expression, or
zeros if the pattern is not found, on all valid text and character data types.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) PATINDEX ( '%pattern%' , expression )
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) pattern
Is a literal string. Wildcard characters can be used; however, the % character
* (Multiply) must precede and follow pattern (except when searching for first or last
characters). pattern is an expression of types that can be implicitly converted to
/ (Divide) nchar, nvarchar, or ntext.
expression
% (Modulo) Is an expression, usually a column that is searched to find the specified pattern.
expression can be nchar, nvarchar, or ntext.
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR)
Return Types
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT) int
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
Examples
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) The following example searches the list of products that have the word Anton in their name.
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To) SELECT ProductName, PATINDEX('%Anton%', ProductName)
!= (Not Equal To) FROM Products

!< (Not Less Than)

!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
ABS
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AND
ASIN

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PI (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Returns the constant value of PI.

Syntax

PI ( )

Return Types

float

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Returns the constant value of PI.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) PI ( )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Return Types
- (Subtract)
float
- (Negative)
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND)
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~ (Bitwise NOT) Trademarks |Privacy Statement

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
ABS
ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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POWER (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

POWER

Returns the value of the given expression to the specified power.

Syntax

POWER ( numeric_expression , y )

Arguments

numeric_expression
Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or types that are implicitly convertible to float.
y
Is the power to which to raise numeric_expression. y can be an expression of types that are implicitly convertible to float.

Return Types

Returns the same type as numeric_expression except for the following expressions.

Specified expression Return type

tinyint, smallint int

real/float float

Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

Examples

The following example raises the employee IDs in the Employees table in the Northwind database to the power of 3.

SELECT EmployeeID, POWER(EmployeeID, 3) AS Cube

FROM Employees
ORDER BY EmployeeID

This is the result set:

EmployeeID................Cube

--------------------------------

1................................1

2................................4

3................................9

4................................16

5................................25

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POWER (SQL Server CE Books Online)

6................................36

7................................49

8................................64

9................................81

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Returns the value of the given expression to the specified power.

Syntax
Up One Level
POWER ( numeric_expression , y )
SQL Overview
+ (Add)
Arguments
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) numeric_expression
- (Subtract) y
Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or types that are implicitly convertible to float.

- (Negative) Is the power to which to raise numeric_expression. y can be an expression of types that are implicitly convertible to float.

* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Return Types
% (Modulo)
Returns the same type as numeric_expression except for the following expressions.
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Specified expression Return type
tinyint, smallint int
~ (Bitwise NOT) real/float float

= (Equals) Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

> (Greater Than)

< (Less Than) Examples
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) The following example raises the employee IDs in the Employees table in the Northwind database to the power of 3.

<> (Not Equal To)

!= (Not Equal To) SELECT EmployeeID, POWER(EmployeeID, 3) AS Cube
FROM Employees
!< (Not Less Than) ORDER BY EmployeeID

!> (Not Greater Than)

This is the result set:
@@IDENTITY

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EmployeeID................Cube

ABS
ACOS --------------------------------

ALL
ALTER TABLE 1................................1

AND
ASIN 2................................4

ATAN
ATN2 3................................9

AVG
BETWEEN 4................................16

CASE
CEILING 5................................25

CHARINDEX
COALESCE 6................................36

COLLATE
CONVERT 7................................49

COS
COT 8................................64

COUNT
CREATE DATABASE 9................................81

CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter
DATEDIFF
©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |Privacy Statement
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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RADIANS (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

RADIANS

Returns radians when a numeric expression, in degrees, is entered.

Syntax

RADIANS ( numeric_expression )

Arguments

numeric_expression
Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or types that are implicitly convertible to float.

Return Types

Returns the same type as numeric_expression except for the following expressions.

Specified expression Return type

tinyint, smallint int

real/float float

Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

Examples

The following example returns the radian value of various angles.

CREATE TABLE Radians ("30 Degree", "60 Degrees", "90 Degrees")

INSERT INTO Radians VALUES(RADIANS(30.000000), RADIANS(60.000000), RADIANS(90.000000))
SELECT * FROM RADIANS

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Returns radians when a numeric expression, in degrees, is entered.

Syntax

Up One Level RADIANS ( numeric_expression )

SQL Overview
+ (Add) Arguments
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) numeric_expression
Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or types that are implicitly convertible to float.
- (Subtract)
- (Negative)
Return Types
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Returns the same type as numeric_expression except for the following expressions.
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND)
Specified expression Return type
| (Bitwise OR) tinyint, smallint int

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) real/float float

~ (Bitwise NOT) Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) Examples
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) The following example returns the radian value of various angles.

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) CREATE TABLE Radians ("30 Degree", "60 Degrees", "90 Degrees")
INSERT INTO Radians VALUES(RADIANS(30.000000), RADIANS(60.000000), RADIANS(90.000000))

!= (Not Equal To) SELECT * FROM RADIANS

!< (Not Less Than)

!> (Not Greater Than)

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@@IDENTITY
ABS Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

ACOS ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |Privacy Statement
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR

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FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM
MAX
MIN
NCHAR
NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE

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SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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RAND (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

RAND

Returns a random float value from 0 through 1.

Syntax

RAND ( [ seed ] )

Arguments

seed
Is an integer expression that can be implicitly converted to int, which gives the seed or start value.

Return Types

float

Examples

The following example returns random float numbers based on three different seed values.

CREATE TABLE Random (Seed1 float, Seed5 float, Seed10 float)

INSERT INTO Random Values (RAND(1), RAND(5), RAND(10))
SELECT * FROM Random

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Up One Level RAND

SQL Overview
+ (Add) Returns a random float value from 0 through 1.
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Syntax
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) RAND ( [ seed ] )
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Arguments
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) seed
| (Bitwise OR) Is an integer expression that can be implicitly converted
to int, which gives the seed or start value.
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
Return Types
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
float
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
Examples
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To)
The following example returns random float numbers based on
!= (Not Equal To) three different seed values.
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than) CREATE TABLE Random (Seed1 float, Seed5 float, Seed10 float)
@@IDENTITY INSERT INTO Random Values (RAND(1), RAND(5), RAND(10))
SELECT * FROM Random
ABS
ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN
ATAN

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ATN2
AVG
Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter
BETWEEN
CASE ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |
Privacy Statement
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM

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MAX
MIN
NCHAR
NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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REPLACE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

REPLACE

Replaces all occurrences of the second given string expression in the first string expression with a third expression.

Syntax

REPLACE ( 'string_expression1' , 'string_expression2' , 'string_expression3' )

Arguments

'string_expression1'
Is the string expression to be searched. string_expression1 can be of data types that are implicitly convertible to nvarchar or ntext.
'string_expression2'
Is the string expression to try to find. string_expression2 can be of data types that are implicitly convertible to nvarchar or ntext.
'string_expression3'
Is the replacement string expression. string_expression3 can be of data types that are implicitly convertible to nvarchar or ntext.

Return Types

nvarchar or ntext

Examples

The following example searches for the name Anton in the list of product names and replaces it with Anthony.

SELECT REPLACE(ProductName, 'Anton', 'Anthony')

FROM Products

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SQL Server CE Books Online

REPLACE

Replaces all occurrences of the second given string expression in the first string expression
with a third expression.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) REPLACE ( 'string_expression1' , 'string_expression2' , 'string_expression3' )
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) 'string_expression1'
Is the string expression to be searched. string_expression1 can be of data types
* (Multiply) that are implicitly convertible to nvarchar or ntext.
'string_expression2'
/ (Divide) Is the string expression to try to find. string_expression2 can be of data types
that are implicitly convertible to nvarchar or ntext.
% (Modulo) 'string_expression3'
Is the replacement string expression. string_expression3 can be of data types
& (Bitwise AND) that are implicitly convertible to nvarchar or ntext.

| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Return Types
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) nvarchar or ntext

> (Greater Than)

< (Less Than) Examples
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) The following example searches for the name Anton in the list of product names and
replaces it with Anthony.
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To) SELECT REPLACE(ProductName, 'Anton', 'Anthony')
!< (Not Less Than) FROM Products

!> (Not Greater Than)

@@IDENTITY
ABS
ACOS
ALL Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

AND Trademarks |Privacy Statement

ASIN

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REPLICATE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

REPLICATE

Repeats a character expression for a specified number of times.

Syntax

REPLICATE ( character_expression , integer_expression )

Arguments

character_expression
Is an alphanumeric expression of character data, or other data types that are implicitly convertible to nvarchar or ntext.
integer_expression
Is an expression that can be implicitly converted to int. If integer_expression is negative, a null string is returned.

Return Types

nvarchar or ntext

Examples

The following example replicates (twice) the last name of each employee in the Employee table in the Northwind database.

SELECT REPLICATE (LastName, 2) AS "LastName Twice"

FROM Employees

This is the result set:

LastName Twice
--------------
FullerFuller
PeacockPeacock
CallahanCallahan
DavolioDavolio
LeverlingLeverling
BuchananBuchanan
SuyamaSuyama
KingKing
DodsworthDodsworth

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SQL Server CE Books Online

REPLICATE

Repeats a character expression for a specified number of times.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) REPLICATE ( character_expression , integer_expression )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
character_expression
- (Negative) Is an alphanumeric expression of character data, or other data types that are
implicitly convertible to nvarchar or ntext.
* (Multiply) integer_expression
Is an expression that can be implicitly converted to int. If integer_expression is
/ (Divide) negative, a null string is returned.

% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Return Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) nvarchar or ntext

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Examples
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) The following example replicates (twice) the last name of each employee in the Employee
table in the Northwind database.
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) SELECT REPLICATE (LastName, 2) AS "LastName Twice"
<> (Not Equal To) FROM Employees

!= (Not Equal To) This is the result set:

!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than) LastName Twice
@@IDENTITY --------------
FullerFuller
ABS PeacockPeacock
CallahanCallahan
ACOS DavolioDavolio
LeverlingLeverling
ALL BuchananBuchanan
SuyamaSuyama
ALTER TABLE KingKing
DodsworthDodsworth
AND
ASIN

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Reserved Words (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Reserved Words

A reserved word in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) does not necessarily function the same way as the corresponding word in
SQL Server 2000. The following table lists the reserved words used in SQL Server CE.

Important Avoid using reserved words as identifiers. If reserved words must be used as identifiers, they must be delimited with double
quotation marks.

@@IDENTITY ENCRYPTION ORDER

ADD END OUTER

ALL ERRLVL OVER

ALTER ESCAPE PERCENT

AND EXCEPT PLAN

ANY EXEC PRECISION

AS EXECUTE PRIMARY

ASC EXISTS PRINT

AUTHORIZATION EXIT PROC

AVG EXPRESSION PROCEDURE

BACKUP FETCH PUBLIC

BEGIN FILE RAISERROR

BETWEEN FILLFACTOR READ

BREAK FOR READTEXT

BROWSE FOREIGN RECONFIGURE

BULK FREETEXT REFERENCES

BY FREETEXTTABLE REPLICATION

CASCADE FROM RESTORE

CASE FULL RESTRICT

CHECK FUNCTION RETURN

CHECKPOINT GOTO REVOKE

CLOSE GRANT RIGHT

CLUSTERED GROUP ROLLBACK

COALESCE HAVING ROWCOUNT

COLLATE HOLDLOCK ROWGUIDCOL

COLUMN IDENTITY RULE

COMMIT IDENTITY_INSERT SAVE

COMPUTE IDENTITYCOL SCHEMA

CONSTRAINT IF SELECT

CONTAINS IN SESSION_USER

CONTAINSTABLE INDEX SET

CONTINUE INNER SETUSER

CONVERT INSERT SHUTDOWN

COUNT INTERSECT SOME

CREATE INTO STATISTICS

CROSS IS SUM

CURRENT JOIN SYSTEM_USER

CURRENT_DATE KEY TABLE

CURRENT_TIME KILL TEXTSIZE

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP LEFT THEN

CURRENT_USER LIKE TO

CURSOR LINENO TOP

DATABASE LOAD TRAN

DATABASEPASSWORD MAX TRANSACTION

DATEADD MIN TRIGGER

DATEDIFF NATIONAL TRUNCATE

DATENAME NOCHECK TSEQUAL

DATEPART NONCLUSTERED UNION

DBCC NOT UNIQUE

DEALLOCATE NULL UPDATE

DECLARE NULLIF UPDATETEXT

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Reserved Words (SQL Server CE Books Online)

DEFAULT OF USE

DELETE OFF USER

DENY OFFSETS VALUES

DESC ON VARYING

DISK OPEN VIEW

DISTINCT OPENDATASOURCE WAITFOR

DISTRIBUTED OPENQUERY WHEN

DOUBLE OPENROWSET WHERE

DROP OPENXML WHILE

DUMP OPTION WITH

ELSE OR WRITETEXT

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Important Avoid using reserved words as identifiers. If reserved words must be used as identifiers, they must be delimited with double
quotation marks.
Up One Level
SQL Overview
+ (Add)
@@IDENTITY ENCRYPTION ORDER

ADD END OUTER

+ (Positive) ALL ERRLVL OVER

+ (String Concatenation) ALTER ESCAPE PERCENT

AND EXCEPT PLAN

- (Subtract) ANY EXEC PRECISION

- (Negative) AS EXECUTE PRIMARY

* (Multiply)
ASC EXISTS PRINT

AUTHORIZATION EXIT PROC

/ (Divide) AVG EXPRESSION PROCEDURE

% (Modulo) BACKUP FETCH PUBLIC

BEGIN FILE RAISERROR

& (Bitwise AND) BETWEEN FILLFACTOR READ

| (Bitwise OR) BREAK FOR READTEXT

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)

BROWSE FOREIGN RECONFIGURE

BULK FREETEXT REFERENCES

~ (Bitwise NOT) BY FREETEXTTABLE REPLICATION

= (Equals) CASCADE FROM RESTORE

CASE FULL RESTRICT

> (Greater Than) CHECK FUNCTION RETURN

< (Less Than) CHECKPOINT GOTO REVOKE

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

CLOSE GRANT RIGHT

CLUSTERED GROUP ROLLBACK

<= (Less Than or Equal To) COALESCE HAVING ROWCOUNT

<> (Not Equal To) COLLATE HOLDLOCK ROWGUIDCOL

COLUMN IDENTITY RULE

!= (Not Equal To) COMMIT IDENTITY_INSERT SAVE

!< (Not Less Than) COMPUTE IDENTITYCOL SCHEMA

!> (Not Greater Than) CONSTRAINT IF SELECT

CONTAINS IN SESSION_USER

@@IDENTITY CONTAINSTABLE INDEX SET

CONTINUE INNER SETUSER

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Welcome to the MSDN Library
CONVERT INSERT SHUTDOWN

ABS COUNT INTERSECT SOME

ACOS
CREATE INTO STATISTICS

CROSS IS SUM

ALL CURRENT JOIN SYSTEM_USER

ALTER TABLE CURRENT_DATE KEY TABLE

CURRENT_TIME KILL TEXTSIZE

AND CURRENT_TIMESTAMP LEFT THEN

ASIN CURRENT_USER LIKE TO

ATAN
CURSOR LINENO TOP

DATABASE LOAD TRAN

ATN2 DATABASEPASSWORD MAX TRANSACTION

AVG DATEADD MIN TRIGGER

DATEDIFF NATIONAL TRUNCATE

BETWEEN DATENAME NOCHECK TSEQUAL

CASE DATEPART NONCLUSTERED UNION

CEILING DBCC

DEALLOCATE
NOT

NULL
UNIQUE

UPDATE

CHARINDEX DECLARE NULLIF UPDATETEXT

COALESCE DEFAULT OF USE

DELETE OFF USER

COLLATE DENY OFFSETS VALUES

CONVERT DESC ON VARYING

COS DISK OPEN VIEW

DISTINCT OPENDATASOURCE WAITFOR

COT DISTRIBUTED OPENQUERY WHEN

COUNT DOUBLE OPENROWSET WHERE

DROP OPENXML WHILE

CREATE DATABASE DUMP OPTION WITH

CREATE INDEX ELSE OR WRITETEXT

CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter
DATEDIFF
©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |Privacy Statement
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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ROUND (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

ROUND

Returns a numeric expression, rounded to the specified length or precision.

Syntax

ROUND ( numeric_expression , length [ , function ] )

Arguments

numeric_expression
Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or types that are implicitly convertible to float.
length
Is the precision to which numeric_expression is to be rounded. When length is a positive number, numeric_expression is rounded to the number of
decimal places specified by length. When length is a negative number, numeric_expression is rounded on the left side of the decimal point, as specified
by length.
function
Is the type of operation to perform. When function is omitted or has a value of 0 (default), numeric_expression is rounded. When a value other than 0 is
specified, numeric_expression is truncated.

Return Types

Returns the same type as numeric_expression except for the following expressions.

Specified expression Return type

tinyint, smallint int

real/float float

Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

Examples

The following example returns the unit price, rounded to the nearest dollar, of products listed in the Products table of the Northwind database.

SELECT UnitPrice, ROUND(UnitPrice, 0)

FROM Products

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Returns a numeric expression, rounded to the specified length or precision.

Syntax
Up One Level
ROUND ( numeric_expression , length [ , function ] )
SQL Overview
+ (Add)
Arguments
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) numeric_expression
- (Subtract) length
Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or types that are implicitly convertible to float.

- (Negative) Is the precision to which numeric_expression is to be rounded. When length is a positive number, numeric_expression is rounded to the number of
decimal places specified by length. When length is a negative number, numeric_expression is rounded on the left side of the decimal point, as specified
* (Multiply) function
by length.

/ (Divide) Is the type of operation to perform. When function is omitted or has a value of 0 (default), numeric_expression is rounded. When a value other than 0 is
specified, numeric_expression is truncated.
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Return Types
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Returns the same type as numeric_expression except for the following expressions.

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Specified expression Return type
> (Greater Than) tinyint, smallint int

< (Less Than) real/float float

Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
Examples
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
The following example returns the unit price, rounded to the nearest dollar, of products listed in the Products table of the Northwind database.
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
SELECT UnitPrice, ROUND(UnitPrice, 0)
@@IDENTITY FROM Products

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ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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RTRIM (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

RTRIM

Returns a character string after truncating all trailing blanks.

Syntax

RTRIM ( character_expression )

Arguments

character_expression
Is an expression of character or binary data, or other data types that are implicitly convertible to nvarchar or ntext. Otherwise, use CAST to
explicitly convert character_expression.

Return Types

nvarchar or ntext

Examples

The following example removes trailing blanks from the names of customers listed in the MyCustomers table.

CREATE TABLE MyCustomers (CustID INTEGER IDENTITY (100,1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName nvarchar (50))
INSERT INTO MyCustomers (CompanyName) VALUES ('A. Datum Corporation ')
SELECT CustID, RTRIM(CompanyName)
FROM MyCustomers

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SQL Server CE Books Online

RTRIM

Returns a character string after truncating all trailing blanks.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) RTRIM ( character_expression )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
character_expression
- (Negative) Is an expression of character or binary data, or other data types that are implicitly convertible
to nvarchar or ntext. Otherwise, use CAST to explicitly convert character_expression.
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide)
Return Types
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) nvarchar or ntext
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
Examples
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) The following example removes trailing blanks from the names of customers listed in the MyCustomers
> (Greater Than) table.

< (Less Than)

>= (Greater Than or Equal To) CREATE TABLE MyCustomers (CustID INTEGER IDENTITY (100,1) PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName nvarchar (50))
INSERT INTO MyCustomers (CompanyName) VALUES ('A. Datum Corporation ')
<= (Less Than or Equal To) SELECT CustID, RTRIM(CompanyName)
FROM MyCustomers
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
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ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN

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SQL Server CE Books Online

SELECT Statement

Retrieves rows from the database and allows the selection of one or many rows or columns
from one or many tables. This is the primary SQL construct used to express queries.
SELECT does not modify, insert, or delete any data.

Up One Level
SELECT Clause Syntax

The main clauses of a SELECT statement are:

SELECT select_list
FROM table_source
[ WHERE search_condition ]
[ GROUP BY group_by_expression ]
[ HAVING search_condition ]
[ ORDER BY order_expression [ ASC | DESC ] ]

Remarks

A SELECT statement describes a query to the system. The execution of the query does not
update any data. The query result is a table with identically structured rows, each of which
has the same set of columns. The SELECT statement defines exactly which columns will
exist in this result table, and the rows that will populate the table. The SELECT statement
does not tell the system how to execute the query; instead, the system executes the query
in whatever manner is deemed optimal (using an internal cost-based optimization module).
The result is guaranteed to be equivalent to the following canonical execution strategy. The
only differences may be in the order of rows in the table, although this will be consistent
with any ordering specified by an ORDER BY clause.

Execution Strategy

1. Generate the join of tables in the FROM clause. If the explicit JOIN syntax is used, the JOIN result is obvious. If the
FROM clause has a list of table names separated by commas, this is implicitly a cross-product join of the tables.
2. If a WHERE clause exists, apply the search condition to the rows resulting from Step 1, and retain only those rows
that satisfy the condition.
3. If there are no aggregates in the SELECT clause, and if there is no GROUP BY clause, go to Step 7.
4. If there is a GROUP BY clause, divide the rows resulting from Step 2 into several groups, such that all the rows in
each group have the same value on all the grouping columns. If there is no GROUP BY clause, put all the rows into
a single group.
5. For each group arising from Step 4, apply the HAVING clause, if it is specified. Only those groups that satisfy the
HAVING clause will be retained.
6. For each group arising from Step 5, generate exactly one result row by evaluating the select list from the SELECT
clause against that group.
7. If the SELECT clause has the DISTINCT keyword, eliminate any duplicate rows in the result of Step 6.
8. If there is an ORDER BY clause, sort the result of Step 7 as specified by the order expression.

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SELECT Clause (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

SELECT Clause

Specifies the columns to be returned by the query.

Syntax

SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] < select_list >

< select_list > ::=
{ *
| { table_name | table_alias }.*
| { column_name | expression } [ [ AS ] column_alias ]
} [ ,...n ]

Arguments

ALL
Specifies that duplicate rows can appear in the result set. ALL is the default.
DISTINCT
Specifies that only unique rows can appear in the result set. Null values are considered equal for the purposes of the DISTINCT keyword.
< select_list >
The columns to be selected for the result set. The select list is a series of expressions separated by commas.
*
Specifies that all columns from all tables in the FROM clause should be returned. The columns are returned by table, as specified in the FROM
clause, and in the order in which they exist in the table.
table_name | table_alias.*
Limits the scope of the * to the specified table. Requires that all columns from the specified table in the FROM clause should be returned. The
columns are returned in the order in which they exist in the table. If a table has an alias specified in the FROM clause, the alias must be used,
and the use of the table name is not valid.
column_name
Is the name of a column to return. Qualify column_name to prevent an ambiguous reference, such as occurs when two tables in the FROM
clause have columns with duplicate names. For example, both the Customers and Orders tables in the Northwind database have a column
named ColumnID. If the two tables are joined in a query, the customer ID can be specified in the select list as Customers.CustomerID. If a
table alias is provided, the table alias must be used to qualify the column name. Otherwise, the table name should be used.
expression
Is a column name, constant, function, or any valid combination of column names, constants, and functions connected by one or more
operators.
column_alias
Is an alternative name to replace the column name in the query results set. For example, an alias such as "Quantity", or "Quantity to Date", or
"Qty" can be specified for a column named quantity. Aliases are used also to specify names for the results of expressions, for example:

SELECT AVG(UnitPrice) AS "Average Price" FROM "Order Details"

column_alias can be used in an ORDER BY clause, but it cannot be used in a WHERE, GROUP BY, or HAVING clause.

Remarks

In Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), the SELECT statement must include a FROM clause to execute successfully;
otherwise, SQL Server CE returns an error.

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SELECT Clause

Specifies the columns to be returned by the query.

Up One Level Syntax

SELECT Clause
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] < select_list >
< select_list > ::=
{ *
| { table_name | table_alias }.*
| { column_name | expression } [ [ AS ] column_alias ]
} [ ,...n ]

Arguments

ALL
Specifies that duplicate rows can appear in the result set. ALL is the default.
DISTINCT
Specifies that only unique rows can appear in the result set. Null values are
considered equal for the purposes of the DISTINCT keyword.
< select_list >
The columns to be selected for the result set. The select list is a series of
expressions separated by commas.
*
Specifies that all columns from all tables in the FROM clause should be returned.
The columns are returned by table, as specified in the FROM clause, and in the
order in which they exist in the table.
table_name | table_alias.*
Limits the scope of the * to the specified table. Requires that all columns from
the specified table in the FROM clause should be returned. The columns are
returned in the order in which they exist in the table. If a table has an alias
specified in the FROM clause, the alias must be used, and the use of the table
name is not valid.
column_name
Is the name of a column to return. Qualify column_name to prevent an
ambiguous reference, such as occurs when two tables in the FROM clause have
columns with duplicate names. For example, both the Customers and Orders
tables in the Northwind database have a column named ColumnID. If the two
tables are joined in a query, the customer ID can be specified in the select list as
Customers.CustomerID. If a table alias is provided, the table alias must be
used to qualify the column name. Otherwise, the table name should be used.
expression
Is a column name, constant, function, or any valid combination of column
names, constants, and functions connected by one or more operators.
column_alias
Is an alternative name to replace the column name in the query results set. For
example, an alias such as "Quantity", or "Quantity to Date", or "Qty" can be
specified for a column named quantity. Aliases are used also to specify names
for the results of expressions, for example:

SELECT AVG(UnitPrice) AS "Average Price" FROM "Order Details"

column_alias can be used in an ORDER BY clause, but it cannot be used in a

WHERE, GROUP BY, or HAVING clause.

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Remarks

In Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), the SELECT
statement must include a FROM clause to execute successfully; otherwise, SQL Server CE
returns an error.

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SIGN (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

SIGN

Returns the positive (+1), zero (0), or negative (-1) sign of the given expression.

Syntax

SIGN ( numeric_expression )

Arguments

numeric_expression
Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or types that are implicitly convertible to float (except for the bit
data type).

Return Types

Returns the same type as numeric_expression except for the following expressions.

Specified expression Return type

tinyint, smallint int

real/float float

Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

Examples

The following example returns the SIGN of the difference between the units of products in stock and units of products that have been ordered in the Products table
of the Northwind database.

SELECT (UnitsInStock - UnitsOnOrder), SIGN(UnitsInStock - UnitsOnOrder)

FROM Products

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Returns the positive (+1), zero (0), or negative (-1) sign of the given expression.

Syntax
Up One Level
SIGN ( numeric_expression )
SQL Overview
+ (Add)
Arguments
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) numeric_expression
- (Subtract) Is an expression of the exact numeric or approximate numeric data type categories, or types that are implicitly convertible to float (except for the bit
data type).
- (Negative)
* (Multiply) Return Types
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) Returns the same type as numeric_expression except for the following expressions.

& (Bitwise AND)

| (Bitwise OR) Specified expression Return type
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) tinyint, smallint int

~ (Bitwise NOT) real/float float

Nonnumeric types that can be implicitly converted to float float

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
Examples
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
The following example returns the SIGN of the difference between the units of products in stock and units of products that have been ordered in the Products table
<= (Less Than or Equal To) of the Northwind database.

<> (Not Equal To)

!= (Not Equal To) SELECT (UnitsInStock - UnitsOnOrder), SIGN(UnitsInStock - UnitsOnOrder)
FROM Products
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
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ABS
ACOS Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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SIN (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

SIN

Returns the trigonometric sine of the given angle (in radians) in an approximate numeric (float) expression.

Syntax

SIN ( float_expression )

Arguments

float_expression
Is an expression of data types that can be implicitly converted to float.

Return Types

float

Examples

The following example returns the sine of various angles.

CREATE TABLE Sine ("SIN(0)" float, "SIN(PI()/6)" float, "SIN(PI()/4)" float, "SIN(PI()/3)" float, "SIN(PI()/2)" float)
INSERT INTO Sine VALUES (SIN(0), SIN(PI()/6), SIN(PI()/4), SIN(PI()/3), SIN(PI()/2))
SELECT * FROM Sine

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SQL Server CE Books Online
SIN

Returns the trigonometric sine of the given angle (in radians) in an approximate numeric (float) expression.

Syntax
Up One Level
SQL Overview SIN ( float_expression )

+ (Add)
+ (Positive) Arguments
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) float_expression
Is an expression of data types that can be implicitly converted to float.
- (Negative)
* (Multiply) Return Types
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) float

& (Bitwise AND)

| (Bitwise OR) Examples
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT) The following example returns the sine of various angles.

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) CREATE TABLE Sine ("SIN(0)" float, "SIN(PI()/6)" float, "SIN(PI()/4)" float, "SIN(PI()/3)" float, "SIN(PI()/2)"

< (Less Than)

float)
INSERT INTO Sine VALUES (SIN(0), SIN(PI()/6), SIN(PI()/4), SIN(PI()/3), SIN(PI()/2))

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

SELECT * FROM Sine

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
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ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE

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CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM
MAX
MIN
NCHAR
NEWID
NOT
Operators
OR
ORDER BY Clause
PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE

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Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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SOME | ANY (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

SOME | ANY

Compares a scalar value with a single-column set of values.

Syntax

scalar_expression { = | < > | ! = | > | > = | ! > | < | < = | ! < }

{ SOME | ANY } ( subquery )

Arguments

scalar_expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).
{ = | <> | != | > | >= | !> | < | <= | !< }
Is any valid comparison operator.
SOME | ANY
Specifies that a comparison should be made.
subquery
Is a subquery that has a result set of one column. The data type of the column returned must be the same data type as scalar_expression.

Result Types

bit

Result Value

SOME or ANY returns TRUE when the comparison specified is TRUE for ANY pair (scalar_expression, x) where x is a value in the single-column set;
otherwise, returns FALSE.

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SOME | ANY

Compares a scalar value with a single-column set of values.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) scalar_expression { = | < > | ! = | > | > = | ! > | < | < = | ! < }
{ SOME | ANY } ( subquery )
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) scalar_expression
Is any valid expression in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
* (Multiply) (SQL Server CE).
{ = | <> | != | > | >= | !> | < | <= | !< }
/ (Divide) Is any valid comparison operator.
SOME | ANY
% (Modulo) Specifies that a comparison should be made.
subquery
& (Bitwise AND) Is a subquery that has a result set of one column. The data type of the column
returned must be the same data type as scalar_expression.
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
Result Types
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) bit
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than)
Result Value
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) SOME or ANY returns TRUE when the comparison specified is TRUE for ANY pair
<> (Not Equal To) (scalar_expression, x) where x is a value in the single-column set; otherwise, returns
FALSE.
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
ABS
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ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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SPACE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

SPACE

Returns a string of repeated spaces.

Syntax

SPACE ( integer_expression )

Arguments

integer_expression
Is a positive integer, or an expression that can be implicitly converted to int, that indicates the number of spaces. If integer_expression is
negative or greater than 255, a null string is returned.

Return Types

nvarchar

Examples

The following example uses the Employees table in the Northwind database. The example concatenates the last names of the employees, a comma, two
spaces and the first names of the employees.

SELECT LastName + ',' + SPACE(2) + FirstName

FROM Employees

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SPACE

Returns a string of repeated spaces.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) SPACE ( integer_expression )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
integer_expression
- (Negative) Is a positive integer, or an expression that can be implicitly converted to int,
that indicates the number of spaces. If integer_expression is negative or greater
* (Multiply) than 255, a null string is returned.

/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) Return Types
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) nvarchar

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)

~ (Bitwise NOT) Examples
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) The following example uses the Employees table in the Northwind database. The example
concatenates the last names of the employees, a comma, two spaces and the first names of
< (Less Than) the employees.

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

<= (Less Than or Equal To) SELECT LastName + ',' + SPACE(2) + FirstName
FROM Employees
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
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ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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SQRT (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

SQRT

Returns the square root of the given expression.

Syntax

SQRT ( float_expression )

Arguments

float_expression
Is an expression whose type can be implicitly converted to float.

Return Types

float

Examples

The following example returns the square root of the freight charges from the Orders table in the Northwind database.

SELECT Freight, SQRT(Freight) AS "Square root of Freight"

FROM Orders

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SQRT

Returns the square root of the given expression.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) SQRT ( float_expression )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
float_expression
- (Negative) Is an expression whose type can be implicitly converted to float.

* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Return Types
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) float

| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Examples
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) The following example returns the square root of the freight charges from the Orders table
in the Northwind database.
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) SELECT Freight, SQRT(Freight) AS "Square root of Freight"
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) FROM Orders

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
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ABS Trademarks |Privacy Statement

ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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STR (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

STR

Returns character data converted from numeric data.

Syntax

STR ( float_expression [ , length [ , decimal ] ] )

Arguments

float_expression
Is an expression of that can be implicitly converted to float.

Note Do not use a function or subquery as the float_expression.

length
Is the total length, including decimal point, sign, digits, and spaces. The default is 10. length must be of a data type that can be implicitly
converted to int.
decimal
Is the number of places to the right of the decimal point. decimal must be of a data type that can be implicitly converted to int. The default is
0.

Return Types

nvarchar

Examples

The following example converts expressions consisting of five digits and a decimal point to six-position character strings. The fractional part of the first
number is rounded to one decimal place. The fractional part of the second number is rounded to two decimal places. The third number is returned without
a decimal place.

CREATE TABLE t1 (Col1 float, Col2 float, Col3 float)

INSERT INTO t1 Values(123.45, 123.45, 123.45)
SELECT STR(Col1, 6,1), STR(Col2, 6,2), STR(Col3)
FROM t1

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STR

Returns character data converted from numeric data.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) STR ( float_expression [ , length [ , decimal ] ] )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
float_expression
- (Negative) Is an expression of that can be implicitly converted to float.

* (Multiply)
Note Do not use a function or subquery as the float_expression.
/ (Divide)
% (Modulo)
length
& (Bitwise AND) Is the total length, including decimal point, sign, digits, and spaces. The default
is 10. length must be of a data type that can be implicitly converted to int.
| (Bitwise OR) decimal
Is the number of places to the right of the decimal point. decimal must be of a
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) data type that can be implicitly converted to int. The default is 0.

~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) Return Types
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) nvarchar

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

<= (Less Than or Equal To) Examples
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To) The following example converts expressions consisting of five digits and a decimal point to
six-position character strings. The fractional part of the first number is rounded to one
!< (Not Less Than) decimal place. The fractional part of the second number is rounded to two decimal places.
The third number is returned without a decimal place.
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY CREATE TABLE t1 (Col1 float, Col2 float, Col3 float)
ABS INSERT INTO t1 Values(123.45, 123.45, 123.45)
SELECT STR(Col1, 6,1), STR(Col2, 6,2), STR(Col3)
ACOS FROM t1

ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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STUFF (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

STUFF

Deletes a specified length of characters and inserts another set of characters at a specified starting point.

Syntax

STUFF ( character_expression , start , length , character_expression )

Arguments

character_expression
Is an expression that can be implicitly converted to nvarchar or ntext.
start
Is an integer value, or an expression that can be implicitly converted to int, that specifies the location to begin deletion and insertion. If start
is negative, a null string is returned. If start is longer than the first character_expression, a null string is returned.
length
Is an integer, or an expression that can be implicitly converted to int, that specifies the number of characters to delete. If length is longer than
the first character_expression, deletion occurs up to the last character in the last character_expression. If length is negative, a null string is
returned.

Return Types

nvarchar or ntext

Examples

The following example deletes the second digit of the ProductID in the Products table in the Northwind database and replaces it with 000.

SELECT STUFF(ProductID, 2,1, '000')

FROM Products

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STUFF

Deletes a specified length of characters and inserts another set of characters at a specified
starting point.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) STUFF ( character_expression , start , length , character_expression )
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) character_expression
Is an expression that can be implicitly converted to nvarchar or ntext.
* (Multiply) start
Is an integer value, or an expression that can be implicitly converted to int, that
/ (Divide) specifies the location to begin deletion and insertion. If start is negative, a null
string is returned. If start is longer than the first character_expression, a null
% (Modulo) string is returned.
length
& (Bitwise AND) Is an integer, or an expression that can be implicitly converted to int, that
specifies the number of characters to delete. If length is longer than the first
| (Bitwise OR) character_expression, deletion occurs up to the last character in the last
character_expression. If length is negative, a null string is returned.
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
Return Types
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) nvarchar or ntext
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
Examples
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
<> (Not Equal To) The following example deletes the second digit of the ProductID in the Products table in
!= (Not Equal To) the Northwind database and replaces it with 000.

!< (Not Less Than)

!> (Not Greater Than) SELECT STUFF(ProductID, 2,1, '000')
FROM Products
@@IDENTITY
ABS
ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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SUBSTRING (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

SUBSTRING

Returns part of a character, binary, text, or image expression.

Syntax

SUBSTRING ( expression , start , length )

Arguments

expression
Is a character string, binary string, text, image, a column, or an expression that includes a column. Do not use expressions that include aggregate
functions.
start
Is an integer, or an expression that can be implicitly converted to int, that specifies where the substring begins.
length
Is an integer, or an expression that can be implicitly converted to int, that specifies the length of the substring (the number of characters or bytes to
return).

Return Types

Returns character data if expression is one of the supported character data types. Returns binary data if expression is one of the supported binary data types.

The returned string is the same type as the given expression with the exceptions shown in the following table.

Given expression Return type

image varbinary

ntext nvarchar

Examples

The following example uses the Employees table in the Northwind database. The example returns the initial of the employees' first names and the employees'
last names.

SELECT SUBTRING(FirstName,1,1) AS Initial, LastName

FROM Employees

This is the result set:

Initial..........LastName
-------------------------
A................Fuller
M................Peacock
L................Callahan
N................Davolio
J................LeverLing
S................Buchanan
M................Suyama
R................King
A................Dodsworth

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Returns part of a character, binary, text, or image expression.

Syntax
Up One Level
SUBSTRING ( expression , start , length )
SQL Overview
+ (Add)
Arguments
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) expression
- (Subtract) Is a character string, binary string, text, image, a column, or an expression that includes a column. Do not use expressions that include aggregate
functions.
- (Negative) start
Is an integer, or an expression that can be implicitly converted to int, that specifies where the substring begins.
* (Multiply) length
Is an integer, or an expression that can be implicitly converted to int, that specifies the length of the substring (the number of characters or bytes to
/ (Divide) return).

% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Return Types
| (Bitwise OR)
Returns character data if expression is one of the supported character data types. Returns binary data if expression is one of the supported binary data types.
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT)
The returned string is the same type as the given expression with the exceptions shown in the following table.
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than) Given expression Return type
image varbinary
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) ntext nvarchar

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To)
Examples
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than) The following example uses the Employees table in the Northwind database. The example returns the initial of the employees' first names and the employees'
last names.
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY
SELECT SUBTRING(FirstName,1,1) AS Initial, LastName

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FROM Employees

ABS
ACOS This is the result set:

ALL
ALTER TABLE Initial..........LastName
-------------------------

AND A................Fuller
M................Peacock

ASIN L................Callahan
N................Davolio

ATAN J................LeverLing
S................Buchanan

ATN2 M................Suyama
R................King

AVG A................Dodsworth

BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter
COLLATE
©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |Privacy Statement
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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SUM (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

SUM

Returns the sum of all the values, or only the DISTINCT values, in the expression. SUM can be used with numeric columns only. Null values are ignored.

Syntax

SUM ( [ ALL ] expression )

Arguments

ALL
Applies the aggregate function to all values. ALL is the default.
expression
Is a constant, column, or function and any combination of arithmetic, bitwise, and string operators. expression is an expression of the exact numeric or
approximate numeric data type categories, except for the bit data type. Aggregate functions and subqueries are not permitted.

Return Types

Returns the summation of all expression values in the most precise expression data type.

Expression result Return type

integer category int

decimal category (p, s) decimal(38, s)

money and smallmoney category money

float and real category float

Examples

The following example queries for the total number of units in stock for all discontinued products in the Northwind database.

SELECT SUM(UnitsInStock)AS "Units Remaining" FROM Products WHERE Discontinued = 'True'

This is the result set:

Units Remaining
---------------
101

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Returns the sum of all the values, or only the DISTINCT values, in the expression. SUM can be used with numeric columns only. Null values are ignored.

Syntax
Up One Level
SUM ( [ ALL ] expression )
SQL Overview
+ (Add)
Arguments
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) ALL
- (Subtract) expression
Applies the aggregate function to all values. ALL is the default.

- (Negative) Is a constant, column, or function and any combination of arithmetic, bitwise, and string operators. expression is an expression of the exact numeric or
approximate numeric data type categories, except for the bit data type. Aggregate functions and subqueries are not permitted.
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Return Types
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) Returns the summation of all expression values in the most precise expression data type.

| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Expression result Return type
~ (Bitwise NOT) integer category int

= (Equals) decimal category (p, s) decimal(38, s)

money and smallmoney category money

> (Greater Than) float and real category float

< (Less Than)

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) Examples
<> (Not Equal To)
The following example queries for the total number of units in stock for all discontinued products in the Northwind database.
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
SELECT SUM(UnitsInStock)AS "Units Remaining" FROM Products WHERE Discontinued = 'True'
!> (Not Greater Than)
@@IDENTITY This is the result set:

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ABS
Units Remaining
---------------

ACOS
101

ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN
ATAN Manage Your Profile |Legal |Contact Us |MSDN Flash Newsletter

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STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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TAN (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

TAN

Returns the tangent of the input expression.

Syntax

TAN ( float_expression )

Arguments

float_expression
Is an expression of data types that can be implicitly converted to float, interpreted as number of radians.

Return Types

float

Examples

The following example returns the tangent of various angles.

CREATE TABLE Tangent ("TAN(0)" float, "TAN(PI()/6)" float, "TAN(PI()/4)" float, "TAN(PI()/3)" float, "TAN(PI()/2)" float)
INSERT INTO Tangent VALUES (TAN(0), TAN(PI()/6), TAN(PI()/4), TAN(PI()/3), TAN(PI()/2))
SELECT * FROM Tangent

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Advanced Search
SQL Server CE Books Online
TAN

Returns the tangent of the input expression.

Syntax
Up One Level
SQL Overview TAN ( float_expression )

+ (Add)
+ (Positive) Arguments
+ (String Concatenation)
- (Subtract) float_expression
Is an expression of data types that can be implicitly converted to float, interpreted as number of
- (Negative) radians.

* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) Return Types
% (Modulo)
float
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) Examples
~ (Bitwise NOT)
The following example returns the tangent of various angles.
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than)
< (Less Than)
CREATE TABLE Tangent ("TAN(0)" float, "TAN(PI()/6)" float, "TAN(PI()/4)" float, "TAN(PI()/3)" float,
"TAN(PI()/2)" float)

>= (Greater Than or Equal To)

INSERT INTO Tangent VALUES (TAN(0), TAN(PI()/6), TAN(PI()/4), TAN(PI()/3), TAN(PI()/2))
SELECT * FROM Tangent

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

ACOS
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN
ATAN
ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN
CASE

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PATINDEX
PI
POWER
RADIANS
RAND
REPLACE
REPLICATE
Reserved Words
ROUND
RTRIM
SELECT Statement
SIGN
SIN
SOME | ANY
SPACE
SQRT
STR
STUFF
SUBSTRING
SUM
TAN
UNICODE
UNION
UPDATE
UPPER
WHERE Clause

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UNICODE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

UNICODE

Returns the integer value, as defined by the Unicode standard, for the first character of the input expression.

Syntax

UNICODE ( 'ncharacter_expression' )

Arguments

'ncharacter_expression'
Is an expression whose type can be implicitly converted to nvarchar or ntext.

Return Types

int

Examples

The following example returns the names of the companies in the Northwind database along with the integer value, as defined by the Unicode standard,
for the first character of each company name.

SELECT CompanyName, UNICODE(CompanyName)

FROM Customers
ORDER BY CompanyName

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SQL Server CE Books Online

UNICODE

Returns the integer value, as defined by the Unicode standard, for the first character of the
input expression.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) UNICODE ( 'ncharacter_expression' )
+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) 'ncharacter_expression'
Is an expression whose type can be implicitly converted to nvarchar or ntext.
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide)
Return Types
% (Modulo)
& (Bitwise AND) int
| (Bitwise OR)
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
Examples
~ (Bitwise NOT)
= (Equals) The following example returns the names of the companies in the Northwind database
> (Greater Than) along with the integer value, as defined by the Unicode standard, for the first character of
each company name.
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) SELECT CompanyName, UNICODE(CompanyName)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) FROM Customers
ORDER BY CompanyName
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
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ABS
©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
ACOS Trademarks |Privacy Statement
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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UNION (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

UNION

Combines the results of two or more queries into a single result set consisting of all the rows belonging to all queries in the union.

Syntax

{ < query specification > | ( < query expression > ) }

UNION [ ALL ]
< query specification | ( < query expression > )
[ UNION [ ALL ] < query specification | ( < query expression > )
[ ...n ] ]

Arguments

< query_specification > | ( < query_expression > )

Is a query specification or query expression that returns data to be combined with the data from another query specification or query
expression. The definitions of the columns that are part of a UNION operation do not have to be identical, but they must be compatible through
implicit conversion.
UNION
Specifies that multiple result sets are combined and returned as a single result set.
ALL
Incorporates all rows into the results, including duplicates. If not specified, duplicate rows are removed.

Examples

The following example returns the union of two SELECT statements.

CREATE TABLE t1 (a int, b nchar(4), c nchar(4))

INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (1, 'abc', 'jkl')
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (2, 'def', 'mno')
INSERT INTO t1 VALUES (3, 'ghi', 'pqr')

CREATE TABLE t2 (a nchar(4), b float)

INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('jkl', 1.000)
INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('mno', 3.000)

SELECT a, b FROM t1
UNION
SELECT b,a FROM t2

This is the result set:

a ..........b
-------------
1...........abc
1...........jkl
2...........def
3...........ghi
3...........mno

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SQL Server CE Books Online

UNION

Combines the results of two or more queries into a single result set consisting of all the
rows belonging to all queries in the union.

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) { < query specification > | ( < query expression > ) }
+ (Positive) UNION [ ALL ]
< query specification | ( < query expression > )
+ (String Concatenation) [ UNION [ ALL ] < query specification | ( < query expression > )
[ ...n ] ]
- (Subtract)
- (Negative) Arguments
* (Multiply)
/ (Divide) < query_specification > | ( < query_expression > )
Is a query specification or query expression that returns data to be combined
% (Modulo) with the data from another query specification or query expression. The
definitions of the columns that are part of a UNION operation do not have to be
& (Bitwise AND) identical, but they must be compatible through implicit conversion.
UNION
| (Bitwise OR) Specifies that multiple result sets are combined and returned as a single result
set.
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) ALL
Incorporates all rows into the results, including duplicates. If not specified,
~ (Bitwise NOT) duplicate rows are removed.

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) Examples
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) The following example returns the union of two SELECT statements.

<= (Less Than or Equal To)

<> (Not Equal To) CREATE
INSERT
TABLE t1 (a int, b
INTO t1 VALUES (1,
nchar(4), c nchar(4))
'abc', 'jkl')

!= (Not Equal To) INSERT

INSERT
INTO t1 VALUES (2,
INTO t1 VALUES (3,
'def', 'mno')
'ghi', 'pqr')

!< (Not Less Than) CREATE TABLE t2 (a nchar(4), b float)

!> (Not Greater Than)

INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('jkl', 1.000)
INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('mno', 3.000)

@@IDENTITY SELECT a, b FROM t1

UNION
ABS SELECT b,a FROM t2

ACOS
ALL This is the result set:

ALTER TABLE
AND
a ..........b
-------------

ASIN 1...........abc
1...........jkl
2...........def

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ATAN 3...........ghi
3...........mno

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UPDATE (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

UPDATE

Modifies existing data in a table in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).

Syntax

UPDATE table_name
SET
{ column_name = { expression | DEFAULT | NULL } } [ ,...n ]
[ WHERE < search_condition > ]

Arguments

table_name
Is the name of the table to update.
SET
Specifies the list of column or variable names to be updated.
column_name
Is a column that contains the data to be changed. column_name must reside in the specified table and should be specified only once in the SET
clause.
expression
Is a variable, literal value, or expression that returns a single value. The value returned by expression replaces the existing value in
column_name.
DEFAULT
Specifies that the default value defined for the column is to replace the existing value in the column. This can also be used to change the
column to NULL if the column has no default and is defined to allow null values.
WHERE
Specifies the conditions that limit the rows that are updated.
< search_condition >
Specifies the condition to be met for the rows to be updated. There is no limit to the number of predicates that can be included in a search
condition.

Remarks

Identity columns cannot be updated.

If a WHERE clause is not specified, all rows of the table are updated.

The search condition in the WHERE clause is evaluated for each row of the table before updating any row of the table.

If an update to a row violates a constraint or rule, if it violates the NULL setting for the column, or if the new value is an incompatible data type, the
statement is canceled, an error is returned, and no records are updated.

All nchar columns are right-padded to the defined length.

All trailing spaces are removed from data inserted into nvarchar columns, except in strings containing only spaces. These strings are truncated to an
empty string.

Examples

The following example changes the shipping address in the Orders table of the Northwind database for all orders made by the company with the
customer ID of VINET.

UPDATE Orders SET ShipAddress = '21 rue de l''xylophie' WHERE CustomerID = 'VINET'

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SQL Server CE Books Online

UPDATE

Modifies existing data in a table in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
(SQL Server CE).

Up One Level
Syntax
SQL Overview
+ (Add) UPDATE table_name
+ (Positive) SET
{ column_name = { expression | DEFAULT | NULL } } [ ,...n ]
+ (String Concatenation) [ WHERE < search_condition > ]

- (Subtract)
- (Negative) Arguments
* (Multiply)
table_name
/ (Divide) Is the name of the table to update.
SET
% (Modulo) Specifies the list of column or variable names to be updated.
column_name
& (Bitwise AND) Is a column that contains the data to be changed. column_name must reside in
the specified table and should be specified only once in the SET clause.
| (Bitwise OR) expression
Is a variable, literal value, or expression that returns a single value. The value
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR) returned by expression replaces the existing value in column_name.
DEFAULT
~ (Bitwise NOT) Specifies that the default value defined for the column is to replace the existing
value in the column. This can also be used to change the column to NULL if the
= (Equals) column has no default and is defined to allow null values.
WHERE
> (Greater Than) Specifies the conditions that limit the rows that are updated.
< search_condition >
< (Less Than) Specifies the condition to be met for the rows to be updated. There is no limit to
the number of predicates that can be included in a search condition.
>= (Greater Than or Equal To)
<= (Less Than or Equal To)
Remarks
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To) Identity columns cannot be updated.
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than) If a WHERE clause is not specified, all rows of the table are updated.
@@IDENTITY
ABS The search condition in the WHERE clause is evaluated for each row of the table before
updating any row of the table.
ACOS
ALL
If an update to a row violates a constraint or rule, if it violates the NULL setting for the
ALTER TABLE column, or if the new value is an incompatible data type, the statement is canceled, an
error is returned, and no records are updated.
AND
ASIN
All nchar columns are right-padded to the defined length.

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ATAN
ATN2 All trailing spaces are removed from data inserted into nvarchar columns, except in strings
containing only spaces. These strings are truncated to an empty string.
AVG
BETWEEN
Examples
CASE
CEILING The following example changes the shipping address in the Orders table of the Northwind
CHARINDEX database for all orders made by the company with the customer ID of VINET.

COALESCE
COLLATE UPDATE Orders SET ShipAddress = '21 rue de l''xylophie' WHERE CustomerID = 'VINET'

CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
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DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10

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UPPER (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

UPPER

Returns a character expression with lowercase character data converted to uppercase.

Syntax

UPPER ( character_expression )

Arguments

character_expression
Is an expression of character or binary data that can be implicitly converted to nvarchar or ntext; otherwise, use CAST to explicitly convert
character_expression.

Return Types

nvarchar or ntext

Examples

The following example queries the Customers table of the Northwind database and returns the names of the companies in uppercase.

SELECT CustomerID, UPPER(CompanyName)

FROM Customers
ORDER BY CompanyName

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SQL Server CE Books Online

UPPER

Returns a character expression with lowercase character data converted to uppercase.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) UPPER ( character_expression )

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
character_expression
- (Negative) Is an expression of character or binary data that can be implicitly converted to
nvarchar or ntext; otherwise, use CAST to explicitly convert
* (Multiply) character_expression.

/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) Return Types
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) nvarchar or ntext

^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)

~ (Bitwise NOT) Examples
= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) The following example queries the Customers table of the Northwind database and
returns the names of the companies in uppercase.
< (Less Than)
>= (Greater Than or Equal To) SELECT CustomerID, UPPER(CompanyName)
<= (Less Than or Equal To) FROM Customers
ORDER BY CompanyName
<> (Not Equal To)
!= (Not Equal To)
!< (Not Less Than)
!> (Not Greater Than)
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ABS
©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |
ACOS Trademarks |Privacy Statement
ALL
ALTER TABLE
AND
ASIN

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WHERE Clause (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

WHERE Clause

Specifies a search condition to restrict the rows returned.

Syntax

[ WHERE < search_condition >]

Arguments

< search_condition >

Restricts the rows returned in the result set through the use of predicates. There is no limit to the number of predicates, separated by an AND
clause, that can be included in a search condition.

Examples

The following example uses the WHERE clause to get the total number of units in stock for all discontinued products in the Northwind database.

SELECT SUM(UnitsInStock)AS "Units Remaining" FROM Products WHERE Discontinued = 'True'

This is the result set:

Units Remaining
---------------
101

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SQL Server CE Books Online

WHERE Clause

Specifies a search condition to restrict the rows returned.

Up One Level Syntax

SQL Overview
+ (Add) [ WHERE < search_condition >]

+ (Positive)
+ (String Concatenation) Arguments
- (Subtract)
< search_condition >
- (Negative) Restricts the rows returned in the result set through the use of predicates. There is
no limit to the number of predicates, separated by an AND clause, that can be
* (Multiply) included in a search condition.

/ (Divide)
% (Modulo) Examples
& (Bitwise AND)
| (Bitwise OR) The following example uses the WHERE clause to get the total number of units in stock for all
discontinued products in the Northwind database.
^ (Bitwise Exclusive OR)
~ (Bitwise NOT) SELECT SUM(UnitsInStock)AS "Units Remaining" FROM Products WHERE Discontinued = 'True'

= (Equals)
> (Greater Than) This is the result set:

< (Less Than)

>= (Greater Than or Equal To) Units Remaining
---------------
<= (Less Than or Equal To) 101

<> (Not Equal To)

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ATN2
AVG
BETWEEN
CASE
CEILING
CHARINDEX
COALESCE
COLLATE
CONVERT
COS
COT
COUNT
CREATE DATABASE
CREATE INDEX
CREATE TABLE
DATALENGTH
Data Types
DATEADD
DATEDIFF
DATENAME
DATEPART
DDL Statements
DEGREES
DELETE
DML Statements
DROP INDEX
DROP TABLE
EXISTS
EXP
Expressions
FLOOR
FROM Clause
Functions
GETDATE
GROUP BY Clause
HAVING Clause
IDENTITY (Property)
IN
Information Schema
INSERT
IS [NOT] NULL
LEN
LIKE
LOG
LOG10
LOWER
LTRIM

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This section provides the reference information to programmatically access Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).

Topic Description
Development Tools Provides background information for setting up Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET and Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools.
Up One Level ADOCE Provides programming references for Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows CE (ADOCE).

Development Tools OLE DB and SQL Server CE Provides programming references for OLE DB for SQL Server CE.

ADOCE SQL Server CE Engine Object Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools Provides programming references for the SQL Server CE Engine object.

OLE DB and SQL Server CE Remote Data Access Provides programming references for the Remote Data Access (RDA) object.

SQL Server CE Engine Object Replication Provides programming references for the Replication object.

.NET Compact Framework Data Providers Provides programming information about the .NET Compact Framework data providers: System.Data.SqlServerCe and
Remote Data Access (RDA) System.Data.SqlClient.

Replication
Error Handling Provides programming references for error handling in SQL Server CE.

.NET Compact Framework Data Providers

Error Handling

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Development Tools (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Development Tools

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports two development environments: Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET and
Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools. This topic provides general information about the setup requirements for these environments. Each environment requires
additional configurations to develop applications for SQL Server CE.

Developing a Visual Studio .NET Application

To build a SQL Server CE application using Visual Studio .NET, you must install .NET Compact Framework and Microsoft® Visual Studio® .NET. This
product provides all the necessary tools for developing Windows CE-based and Pocket PC-based applications for use with SQL Server CE. For more
information, see Installing SQL Server CE with Visual Studio .NET.

To access SQL Server CE-specific objects, you must add a reference to the following Microsoft .NET Compact Framework data providers:

● System.Data.SqlServerCe (for SQL Server CE)

● System.Data.SqlClient (for SQL Server version 7.0 or later)

In addition, when you use either of these data providers, you must also add a reference to System.Data.Common. For more information, see .NET
Compact Framework Data Providers and the .NET Compact Framework SDK.

You can test your application using the emulator; however, you cannot use Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) encryption when running your applications
through the emulator.

Developing an eMbedded Visual Basic Application

To build a SQL Server CE application using eMbedded Visual Basic®, you must install SQL Server CE on a computer running the eMbedded Visual Tools
environment. For more information, see Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools

To build a SQL Server CE application by using Microsoft eMbedded Visual Basic, you must add the reference to Microsoft CE SQL Server Control 2.0.
For more information, see Installing SQL Server CE on a Device Using eMbedded Visual Tools.

Debugging an eMbedded Visual Basic Application

When you run or debug your application, eMbedded Visual Basic automatically downloads and registers Ssce20.dll and Ssceca20.dll to the Windows CE-
based device. Ssce20.dll implements the SQL Server CE database. SQL Server CE Client Agent (Ssceca20.dll) implements the Replication, RDA, and
Engine objects.

Developing an eMbedded Visual C++ Application

For applications that call the Replication and RDA objects, you must include the following files in the eMbedded Visual C++® project:

● Ca_mergex20.h
● Ca_mergex20.lib
● Ole32.lib
● Oleaut32.lib

You must supply all required parameters for the eMbedded Visual C++ application. If all required parameters are not supplied with a method call, a
compilation error occurs because default parameter values for method calls are not supported.

Debugging an eMbedded Visual C++ Application

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Development Tools (SQL Server CE Books Online)

Before you run or debug the application, you must manually download and register Ssce20.dll and Ssceca20.dll on the Windows CE-based device.
Ssce20.dll implements the SQL Server CE database. SQL Server CE Client Agent (Ssceca20.dll) implements the Replication, RDA, and Engine objects.

See Also

Deploying Applications

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Development Tools

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports two
development environments: Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET and Microsoft eMbedded Visual
Tools. This topic provides general information about the setup requirements for these
environments. Each environment requires additional configurations to develop applications
Up One Level for SQL Server CE.

Development Tools
ADOCE Developing a Visual Studio .NET Application
OLE DB and SQL Server CE
SQL Server CE Engine Object To build a SQL Server CE application using Visual Studio .NET, you must install .NET
Compact Framework and Microsoft® Visual Studio® .NET. This product provides all the
Remote Data Access (RDA) necessary tools for developing Windows CE-based and Pocket PC-based applications for use
with SQL Server CE. For more information, see Installing SQL Server CE with Visual Studio
Replication .NET.

.NET Compact Framework Data Providers

Error Handling To access SQL Server CE-specific objects, you must add a reference to the following
Microsoft .NET Compact Framework data providers:

● System.Data.SqlServerCe (for SQL Server CE)

● System.Data.SqlClient (for SQL Server version 7.0 or later)

In addition, when you use either of these data providers, you must also add a reference to
System.Data.Common. For more information, see .NET Compact Framework Data
Providers and the .NET Compact Framework SDK.

You can test your application using the emulator; however, you cannot use Secure Sockets
Layer (SSL) encryption when running your applications through the emulator.

Developing an eMbedded Visual Basic Application

To build a SQL Server CE application using eMbedded Visual Basic®, you must install SQL
Server CE on a computer running the eMbedded Visual Tools environment. For more
information, see Installing SQL Server CE with eMbedded Visual Tools

To build a SQL Server CE application by using Microsoft eMbedded Visual Basic, you must
add the reference to Microsoft CE SQL Server Control 2.0. For more information, see
Installing SQL Server CE on a Device Using eMbedded Visual Tools.

Debugging an eMbedded Visual Basic Application

When you run or debug your application, eMbedded Visual Basic automatically downloads
and registers Ssce20.dll and Ssceca20.dll to the Windows CE-based device. Ssce20.dll
implements the SQL Server CE database. SQL Server CE Client Agent (Ssceca20.dll)
implements the Replication, RDA, and Engine objects.

Developing an eMbedded Visual C++ Application

For applications that call the Replication and RDA objects, you must include the following
files in the eMbedded Visual C++® project:

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● Ca_mergex20.h
● Ca_mergex20.lib
● Ole32.lib
● Oleaut32.lib

You must supply all required parameters for the eMbedded Visual C++ application. If all
required parameters are not supplied with a method call, a compilation error occurs because
default parameter values for method calls are not supported.

Debugging an eMbedded Visual C++ Application

Before you run or debug the application, you must manually download and register
Ssce20.dll and Ssceca20.dll on the Windows CE-based device. Ssce20.dll implements the
SQL Server CE database. SQL Server CE Client Agent (Ssceca20.dll) implements the
Replication, RDA, and Engine objects.

See Also

Deploying Applications

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SQL Server CE Books Online

ADOCE

The following topics in this section describe how you can use Microsoft® ActiveX® Data
Objects for Windows® CE 3.1 (ADOCE) to create, access, and modify databases in Microsoft
SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE):

Up One Level
Setting Up a Project
Setting Up a Project
●

● Connecting to a SQL Server CE Database

Using ADOCE Batch Update
Connecting to a SQL Server CE Database
●

Using ADOCE Batch Update Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) is a strategic, high-level interface to all types of data.
ADO provides consistent, high-performance access to data, whether you are creating a front-
end database client or a middle-tier business object by using an application, tool, language,
or Internet browser. ADO, along with OLE DB, is part of the Microsoft Universal Data Access
model.

ADOCE provides a subset of the desktop ADO specifically engineered to work with Microsoft
Windows CE. ADOCE includes its own internal database provider and enables you to have
access to databases stored locally on a Windows CE-based device, instead of working with
databases stored remotely on desktop computers. The ADOCE 3.1 control can also work
with data sources that use an OLE DB provider.

For more information about ADOCE, see the ADOCE documentation in the MSDN® Library
at this Microsoft Web site.

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Setting Up a Project (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Setting Up a Project

Before your applications can work with Microsoft® ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows CE 3.1 (ADOCE) and Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL
Server CE), you must configure your projects so they have references to these objects.

Adding the ADOCE Control to an Application

Before you can use the ADOCE control in Microsoft eMbedded Visual Basic®, you must create a reference to the control in the integrated development environment
(IDE).

To create a reference to the ADOCE control in the IDE

1. On the Project menu, click References.

2. Select the Microsoft CE ADO Control 3.1 check box, and then click OK.

Note Previous versions of the ADOCE control do not have a version number in the programmatic identifiers (ProgIDs). If you do
not specifically update your previous code to refer to version 3.1 of the control, an earlier version of the control might be
instantiated if it exists in the ROM of a device. If the device's ROM does not contain an earlier version, when you execute your
application, the following error message appears:

Invalid procedure call or argument: 'CreateObject'.

The following table shows the ProgIDs that are used with the ADOCE 3.1 control.

ADOCE object ProgID

Connection ADOCE.Connection.3.1

Recordset ADOCE.Recordset.3.1

Adding a Reference to SQL Server CE to an Application

After you install SQL Server CE on a Windows CE-based device, you can reference SQL Server CE from a program. However, by defining a reference in your project,
you force the SQL Server CE files to be copied to a device on which they do not already exist.

To create a reference to the SQL Server CE control in the eMbedded Visual Basic 3.0 IDE

1. On the Project menu, click References.

2. Select the Microsoft CE SQL Server Control 2.0 check box, and then click OK.

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Adding the ADOCE Control to an Application

Up One Level
Setting Up a Project Before you can use the ADOCE control in Microsoft eMbedded Visual Basic®, you must create a reference to the control in the integrated development environment
(IDE).
Connecting to a SQL Server CE Database
Using ADOCE Batch Update
To create a reference to the ADOCE control in the IDE

1. On the Project menu, click References.

2. Select the Microsoft CE ADO Control 3.1 check box, and then click OK.

Invalid procedure call or argument: 'CreateObject'.

The following table shows the ProgIDs that are used with the ADOCE 3.1 control.

ADOCE object ProgID

Connection ADOCE.Connection.3.1

Recordset ADOCE.Recordset.3.1

Adding a Reference to SQL Server CE to an Application

To create a reference to the SQL Server CE control in the eMbedded Visual Basic 3.0 IDE

1. On the Project menu, click References.

2. Select the Microsoft CE SQL Server Control 2.0 check box, and then click OK.

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Connecting to a SQL Server CE Database (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Connecting to a SQL Server CE Database

Before you can manipulate information in a database, you must open a connection to a valid data source. The Connection object is used to represent a
connection to a data source. To open a connection to a data source, create a variable that represents the connection, and then create a Microsoft®
ActiveX® Data Object for Windows® CE (ADOCE) Connection object by using the Set statement and CreateObject function. The following example
shows how to do this:

Dim cn As ADOCE.Connection
Set cn = CreateObject("ADOCE.Connection.3.1")

Note When you use the CreateObject function to create a reference to the ADOCE 3.1 control, you must include the version
number. If the version number is omitted from the string, an earlier version of the control is used. If no earlier version of the
control exists on the device, an error is returned. Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE) can be
accessed only through ADOCE 3.1 or later.

After a Connection object is created, you can use the properties and methods of the Connection object to open, close, and manipulate a connection. The
following example shows how to open a connection to a database on the device by using the Open method:

cn.ConnectionString = "Provider=Microsoft.SQLSERVER.OLEDB.CE.2.0; data source=\Northwind.sdf"

cn.Open

Caution You must specify the SQL Server CE provider string when you open a SQL Server CE database. If you do not specify a
provider string in the Open method, Open defaults to using the proprietary Windows CE data source and creates a new Windows
CE data source file named Test.sdf. This is the equivalent of specifying CEDB for the Provider property in the connection string.

In the previous sample, the connection string property is set before the Open method is executed. The Open method is used without any parameters. A
connection string can also be used as a parameter of the Open method. When connecting to a SQL Server CE database, you must specify both the
provider and data source properties in the connection string. The data source property must be set with the full path and database name.

Disconnecting from a Database

After you make modifications and save them to the database, close the connection to the data source. The following example shows how to use the Close
method to close a connection:

cn.Close
Set cn = Nothing

Note You can have only one open connection to a SQL Server CE database at a time, and this connection must be closed before
starting replication or remote data access (RDA).

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Connecting to a SQL Server CE Database

Before you can manipulate information in a database, you must open a connection to a valid data
source. The Connection object is used to represent a connection to a data source. To open a
connection to a data source, create a variable that represents the connection, and then create a
Microsoft® ActiveX® Data Object for Windows® CE (ADOCE) Connection object by using the Set
Up One Level statement and CreateObject function. The following example shows how to do this:

Setting Up a Project
Connecting to a SQL Server CE Database
Dim cn As ADOCE.Connection
Set cn = CreateObject("ADOCE.Connection.3.1")

Using ADOCE Batch Update

Note When you use the CreateObject function to create a reference to the
ADOCE 3.1 control, you must include the version number. If the version number
is omitted from the string, an earlier version of the control is used. If no earlier
version of the control exists on the device, an error is returned. Microsoft SQL
Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE) can be accessed only
through ADOCE 3.1 or later.

After a Connection object is created, you can use the properties and methods of the Connection
object to open, close, and manipulate a connection. The following example shows how to open a
connection to a database on the device by using the Open method:

cn.ConnectionString = "Provider=Microsoft.SQLSERVER.OLEDB.CE.2.0; data source=\Northwind.sdf"

cn.Open

Caution You must specify the SQL Server CE provider string when you open a
SQL Server CE database. If you do not specify a provider string in the Open
method, Open defaults to using the proprietary Windows CE data source and
creates a new Windows CE data source file named Test.sdf. This is the
equivalent of specifying CEDB for the Provider property in the connection
string.

In the previous sample, the connection string property is set before the Open method is executed. The
Open method is used without any parameters. A connection string can also be used as a parameter of
the Open method. When connecting to a SQL Server CE database, you must specify both the provider
and data source properties in the connection string. The data source property must be set with the full
path and database name.

Disconnecting from a Database

After you make modifications and save them to the database, close the connection to the data source.
The following example shows how to use the Close method to close a connection:

cn.Close
Set cn = Nothing

Note You can have only one open connection to a SQL Server CE database at a
time, and this connection must be closed before starting replication or remote
data access (RDA).

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Using ADOCE Batch Update (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using ADOCE Batch Update

Microsoft® ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows® CE 3.1 (ADOCE) allows you to batch a series of changes to be sent to a provider at once. This is useful
in client/server database engines because sending individual changes over the network can result in poor performance. Because Microsoft SQL Server™
2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE) is running locally, all changes are done within the scope of the current computer. SQL Server CE implements
updatable cursors in a very fast, efficient mechanism directly against the local storage engine. This mechanism provides good performance, but only a
single row can be updated in a batch. If updating more than one record is required, transactions can be used to logically batch a series of changes inside
the engine.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Using ADOCE Batch Update

Microsoft® ActiveX® Data Objects for Windows® CE 3.1 (ADOCE) allows you to batch a
series of changes to be sent to a provider at once. This is useful in client/server database
engines because sending individual changes over the network can result in poor
performance. Because Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE) is
Up One Level running locally, all changes are done within the scope of the current computer. SQL Server
CE implements updatable cursors in a very fast, efficient mechanism directly against the
Setting Up a Project local storage engine. This mechanism provides good performance, but only a single row can
be updated in a batch. If updating more than one record is required, transactions can be
Connecting to a SQL Server CE Database used to logically batch a series of changes inside the engine.

Using ADOCE Batch Update

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The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE is a set of COM-based interfaces that exposes data stored in a Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
(SQL Server CE) database as well as SQL Server CE Database Engine functionalities. The OLE DB Provider is the lowest level interface for accessing data in
SQL Server CE, and all other data access mechanisms call through this interface. The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE is an OLE DB version 2.5-compliant
provider. For more information about programming OLE DB, see the Microsoft OLE DB section of the Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) SDK
documentation in the MSDN® Library at this Microsoft Web site.

Up One Level
This section contains two parts:
Programming OLE DB Applications for SQL Server CE
OLE DB for SQL Server CE Programmer's Reference
● Programming OLE DB Applications for SQL Server CE

Provides an overview about developing applications using the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE and information specific to programming against the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE.

● OLE DB for SQL Server CE Programmer's Reference

Provides reference material for the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE, including provider-specific interfaces, data types, and properties.

Code Examples

The following topics contain code examples that demonstrate using the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE.

Creating Databases Constraints

Accessing Password-protected Databases Transactions

Session Objects Working with Large Data Types

Creating Indexes Using ISSCECompact

Using the Seek Method Using IRowsetPosition

Parameters

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MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL Server > SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft
SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 > Building Applications > OLE DB and SQL Server CE
MSDN Library Go
Advanced Search SQL Server CE Books Online
Programming OLE DB Applications for SQL Server CE

The topics in this section provide a general overview of accessing and changing data in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE)
using the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE. The information is targeted towards direct clients of the OLE DB Provider but is not meant to be a complete
resource for information about OLE DB and OLE DB programming. Differences between the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE and the core OLE DB
interfaces are summarized in Differences in SQL Server CE-supported OLE DB Provider Interfaces. For more information about programming against OLE DB
providers, see the Microsoft OLE DB section of the Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) SDK in the MSDN® Library at this Microsoft Web site.

Up One Level
This section contains the followings topics:
Data Source Objects
Session Objects
Commands Data Source Objects Parameters

Rowsets Session Objects Constraints

Commands Transactions
Cursors Rowsets Managing Database Objects

Indexes Cursors Using SQL Server CE-specific Interfaces

Parameters Indexes

Constraints
Transactions For more information about supported properties, data types, schema rowsets, and provider-specific interfaces, see the OLE DB for SQL Server CE

Data Types Supported in SQL Server CE Programmer's Reference.

Managing Database Objects

Using SQL Server CE-specific Interfaces

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Advanced Search CE

SQL Server CE Books Online

Data Source Objects

In OLE DB programming, the data source object represents a provider's underlying data
store. To connect to an OLE DB provider, a consumer must first create and initialize an
Up One Level instance of the data source object. In Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
(SQL Server CE), the data source object is created by calling the OLE CoCreateInstance
Creating Databases function and then passing the CLSID (class identifier) for the OLE DB Provider for SQL
Server CE (CLSID_SQLSERVERCE_2_0). Because SQL Server CE is an in-process server,
Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using OLE DB instances of SQL Server CE OLE DB objects are created using the CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER
macro to indicate the executable context.
Accessing Password-protected Databases

SQL Server CE uses only the DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE property to specify the desired
data source. This property is passed the full path to the database file to be opened. After
setting this property, the consumer initializes the data source object, which establishes the
environment necessary to exchange data between the consumer and SQL Server CE. After
the data source object is initialized, the consumer can get self-descriptive information about
the data store but cannot yet access data. This data source object can then be used to
create one or more session objects, which in turn are used to create the necessary
transactions, commands, and rowsets.

The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE also provides the ability to create a new database.
For more information, see Creating Databases.

Password-protected databases are also supported. With this security feature, a password
must be passed when the data source object is initialized. For more information, see
Accessing Password-protected Databases.

Limitations of the Data Source Object

Some limitations of the data source object in the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE
include:

● The concept of a catalog as defined in OLE DB is not used in SQL Server CE. The DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE
property defines the database to use, and the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE treats this database as the
current catalog.
● The ability to change the current data store is not supported. Clients that want to change the data store must
uninitialize the data source object, set the new data store name, and then reinitialize the data source object.
● SQL Server CE is single user, and only supports one initialized Data Source Object per database.

Provider-specific Data Source Properties

SQL Server CE supports the following provider-specific properties in the provider-specific

property set DBPROPSET_SSCE_DBINIT:

● DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD

Used to specify the password for a password protected or encrypted database. For more information, see Accessing
Password-protected Databases.

● DBPROP_SSCE_ENCRYPTDATABASE

Used to create an encrypted database. Encrypted databases are always password protected, so the
DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD property will also be required. For more information, see Creating Databases.

● DBPROP_SSCE_TEMPFILE_DIRECTORY

Used to specify the location of the temporary database. For more information, see Specifying the Location of the
Temporary Database Using OLE DB and Using SQL Server CE Temporary Databases.

See Also

Provider-specific Properties

Data Source Information Properties

Initialization Properties

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Session Objects

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Creating Databases (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Creating Databases
The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE exposes the IDBDataSourceAdmin interface through which you can create and manage databases in Microsoft® SQL
Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE). To create a new database, you must specify the DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE property to specify a name for
the database. For security reasons, the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE does not support the ability to delete databases using
IDBDataSourceAdmin::DestroyDataSource. If you want to delete a database and you have access to the file system on the computer, you can simply delete
the database files that are no longer needed.

Creating Secure Databases

For improved security, SQL Server CE supports the ability to create both password protected and encrypted databases. Encrypted databases must also be password-
protected. Data in a password-protected or encrypted database can be accessed by SQL Server CE only after the correct password has been provided.

Note If you forget the password for an encrypted database, the data is essentially lost.

For more information see, Using the SQL Server CE Database Security Features.

To create an encrypted database using the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE, you must pass the provider-specific property DBPROP_SSCE_ENCRYPTDATABASE as
VARIANT_TRUE and specify a password by using the provider-specific property DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD. The following table summarizes the properties that
must be specified to create each type of database.

Type of database to create Required properties

Standard database DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE

Password-protected database DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE

DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD

Encrypted database DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE

DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD

DBPROP_SSCE_ENCRYPTDATABASE

For an existing database, these properties can be changed when the database is compacted. For more information, see Using ISSCECompact.

Examples

The following example shows how to create an encrypted database by using the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE. To create a password-protected only database
or a standard database, remove the unnecessary DBPROP structures.

// Object declarations
HRESULT hr = NOERROR;
DBPROPSET dbpropset[2];
DBPROP dbprop[1]; // Property array to initialize the provider.
DBPROP sscedbprop[2]; // Property array for SSCE security properties
INT i = 0;
IDBDataSourceAdmin *pIDBDataSourceAdmin = NULL;
IUnknown *pIUnknownSession = NULL;

// Create an instance of the OLE DB provider.

hr = CoCreateInstance( CLSID_SQLSERVERCE_2_0, 0, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IDBDataSourceAdmin, (void**)& pIDBDataSourceAdmin);
if(FAILED(hr))
{

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Creating Databases (SQL Server CE Books Online)

goto Exit;
}

// Initialize property structures.

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(sscedbprop) / sizeof(sscedbprop[0]); i++)
{
VariantInit(&sscedbprop[i].vValue);
}

// Specify the property with name of the database.

dbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
dbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"NewDatabase.sdf");
if(NULL == dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Specify the property for encryption.

sscedbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_SSCE_ENCRYPTDATABASE;
sscedbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
sscedbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BOOL;
sscedbprop[0].vValue.boolVal = VARIANT_TRUE;

// Specify the password.

sscedbprop[1].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD;
sscedbprop[1].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
sscedbprop[1].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
sscedbprop[1].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"mypassword");
if(NULL == sscedbprop[1].vValue.bstrVal)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize the property sets.

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

dbpropset[1].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_SSCE_DBINIT ;
dbpropset[1].rgProperties = sscedbprop;
dbpropset[1].cProperties = sizeof(sscedbprop)/sizeof(sscedbprop[0]);

// Create and initialize the database.

hr = pIDBDataSourceAdmin->CreateDataSource(sizeof(dbpropset)/sizeof(dbpropset[0]),
dbpropset, NULL, IID_IUnknown, &pIUnknownSession);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}
// At this point, the new encrypted database is created.

Exit:
// Do cleanup tasks here.

return;

See Also

Data Source Objects

Accessing Password-protected Databases

Using the SQL Server CE Database Security Features

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Up One Level
Creating Databases
Creating Secure Databases
Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using OLE DB
Accessing Password-protected Databases For improved security, SQL Server CE supports the ability to create both password protected and encrypted databases. Encrypted databases must also be password-
protected. Data in a password-protected or encrypted database can be accessed by SQL Server CE only after the correct password has been provided.

Note If you forget the password for an encrypted database, the data is essentially lost.

For more information see, Using the SQL Server CE Database Security Features.

Type of database to create Required properties

Standard database DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE

Password-protected database DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE

DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD

Encrypted database DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE

DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD

DBPROP_SSCE_ENCRYPTDATABASE

For an existing database, these properties can be changed when the database is compacted. For more information, see Using ISSCECompact.

Examples

// Object declarations
HRESULT hr = NOERROR;
DBPROPSET dbpropset[2];
DBPROP dbprop[1]; // Property array to initialize the provider.

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DBPROP sscedbprop[2]; // Property array for SSCE security properties
INT i = 0;
IDBDataSourceAdmin *pIDBDataSourceAdmin = NULL;
IUnknown *pIUnknownSession = NULL;

// Create an instance of the OLE DB provider.

hr = CoCreateInstance( CLSID_SQLSERVERCE_2_0, 0, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IDBDataSourceAdmin, (void**)& pIDBDataSourceAdmin);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize property structures.

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(sscedbprop) / sizeof(sscedbprop[0]); i++)
{
VariantInit(&sscedbprop[i].vValue);
}

// Specify the property with name of the database.

// Specify the property for encryption.

sscedbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_SSCE_ENCRYPTDATABASE;
sscedbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
sscedbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BOOL;
sscedbprop[0].vValue.boolVal = VARIANT_TRUE;

// Specify the password.

// Initialize the property sets.

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

dbpropset[1].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_SSCE_DBINIT ;
dbpropset[1].rgProperties = sscedbprop;
dbpropset[1].cProperties = sizeof(sscedbprop)/sizeof(sscedbprop[0]);

// Create and initialize the database.

Exit:
// Do cleanup tasks here.

return;

See Also

Data Source Objects

Accessing Password-protected Databases

Using the SQL Server CE Database Security Features

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Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using OLE DB (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database

Using OLE DB
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports the ability to specify an alternate location for the temporary database. This
location can be set programmatically by specifying the DBPROP_SSCE_TEMPFILE_DIRECTORY property when a data source is initialized or when the
ISSCECompact::Compact method is run. For more information, see Using SQL Server CE Temporary Database.

Examples

The following example shows how to specify the temporary database directory by specifying the DBPROP_SSCE_TEMPFILE_DIRECTORY property when
calling IDBProperties::SetProperties.

// Object declarations
HRESULT hr = NOERROR;
DBPROPSET dbpropset[2];
DBPROP dbprop[1];
DBPROP sscedbprop[1];

// Declare the provider interfaces.

IDBInitialize * pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBProperties * pIDBProperties = NULL;

// Initialize the data source.

hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SQLSERVERCE_2_0, 0, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IDBInitialize, (void**) &pIDBInitialize);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize property structures

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);
VariantInit(&sscedbprop[0].vValue);

// Initialize Property with name of database.

dbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
dbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"Northwind.sdf");
if(NULL == dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Second property set has one property containing the provider-specific

// property to specify an alternate temp file directory.
sscedbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_SSCE_TEMPFILE_DIRECTORY;
sscedbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
sscedbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"\\NewTempDir");
if(NULL == dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize property set.

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

// Initialize the provider-specific property set.

dbpropset[1].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_SSCE_DBINIT;
dbpropset[1].rgProperties = sscedbprop;
dbpropset[1].cProperties = sizeof(sscedbprop)/sizeof(sscedbprop[0]);

// Set the properties into the provider's data source object.

pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,(void**)&pIDBProperties);

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(sizeof(dbpropset)/sizeof(dbpropset[0]),

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Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using OLE DB (SQL Server CE Books Online)

dbpropset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize the data source.

hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

Exit:
//Clean up resources here

return;

See Also

ISSCECompact

Provider-specific Properties

Using SQL Server CE-specific Interfaces

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Advanced Search CE > Data Source Objects

SQL Server CE Books Online

Specifying the Location of the

Temporary Database Using OLE
Up One Level DB
Creating Databases
Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using OLE DB Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports the ability
to specify an alternate location for the temporary database. This location can be set
Accessing Password-protected Databases programmatically by specifying the DBPROP_SSCE_TEMPFILE_DIRECTORY property when a
data source is initialized or when the ISSCECompact::Compact method is run. For more
information, see Using SQL Server CE Temporary Database.

Examples

The following example shows how to specify the temporary database directory by specifying
the DBPROP_SSCE_TEMPFILE_DIRECTORY property when calling
IDBProperties::SetProperties.

// Object declarations
HRESULT hr = NOERROR;
DBPROPSET dbpropset[2];
DBPROP dbprop[1];
DBPROP sscedbprop[1];

// Declare the provider interfaces.

IDBInitialize * pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBProperties * pIDBProperties = NULL;

// Initialize the data source.

// Initialize property structures

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);
VariantInit(&sscedbprop[0].vValue);

// Initialize Property with name of database.

dbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
dbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"Northwind.sdf");
if(NULL == dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Second property set has one property containing the provider-specific

// Initialize property set.

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

// Initialize the provider-specific property set.

dbpropset[1].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_SSCE_DBINIT;
dbpropset[1].rgProperties = sscedbprop;
dbpropset[1].cProperties = sizeof(sscedbprop)/sizeof(sscedbprop[0]);

// Set the properties into the provider's data source object.

pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,(void**)&pIDBProperties);

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(sizeof(dbpropset)/sizeof(dbpropset[0]),
dbpropset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize the data source.

hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

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Exit:
//Clean up resources here

return;

See Also

ISSCECompact

Provider-specific Properties

Using SQL Server CE-specific Interfaces

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Accessing Password-protected Databases (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Accessing Password-protected Databases

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports a file-level access-control mechanism that requires that a password be
presented to access a password-protected SQL Server CE database. This password must be passed each time the database is opened. Use the
DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD property in the DBPROPSET_SSCE_DBINIT provider-specific property set to specify this property. When you create a
database, this property can be used to specify a database password on the database. Encrypted databases are always password protected.

When you compact a database, this property can be used to change the database password to a new value. For more information about compacting a
database, see Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases and Using SQL Server CE-specific Interfaces.

Examples

The following code example shows how to open a password-protected SQL Server CE database: (The password is requested from the user at runtime in a
dialog box, the code for which is not included in this sample.)

// Object declarations
HRESULT hr = NOERROR;
DBPROPSET dbpropset[2];
DBPROP dbprop[1];
DBPROP sscedbprop[1];
BSTR pwdPassword; // user input password

// Declare the provider interfaces.

IDBInitialize * pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBProperties * pIDBProperties = NULL;

// Initialize the data source.

// Initialize property structures

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);
VariantInit(&sscedbprop[0].vValue);

// Initialize Property with name of database.

dbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
dbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"ProtectedData.sdf");
if(NULL == dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Second property set has one property containing the provider-specific

// database password in the pwdPassword variable that was obtained from a
// dialog box (not shown).
sscedbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD;
sscedbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
sscedbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
sscedbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(<pwdPassword>);
if(NULL == sscedbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize property set.

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

// Initialize the provider-specific property set.

dbpropset[1].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_SSCE_DBINIT;
dbpropset[1].rgProperties = sscedbprop;

http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/sqlce/ht...password_protected_databases__705.asp?frame=true (1 of 2) [24/07/2004 08:18:57 a.m.]

Accessing Password-protected Databases (SQL Server CE Books Online)

dbpropset[1].cProperties = sizeof(sscedbprop)/sizeof(sscedbprop[0]);

// Set the properties into the provider's data source object.

pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,(void**)&pIDBProperties);

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(sizeof(dbpropset)/sizeof(dbpropset[0]),
dbpropset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize the data source.

hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

Exit:
//Clean up resources here

return;

See Also

Data Source Objects

Provider-specific Properties

Using the SQL Server CE Database Security Features

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Advanced Search CE > Data Source Objects

SQL Server CE Books Online

Accessing Password-protected
Databases
Up One Level
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports a file-level
Creating Databases access-control mechanism that requires that a password be presented to access a password-
protected SQL Server CE database. This password must be passed each time the database
Specifying the Location of the Temporary Database Using OLE DB is opened. Use the DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD property in the
DBPROPSET_SSCE_DBINIT provider-specific property set to specify this property. When you
Accessing Password-protected Databases create a database, this property can be used to specify a database password on the
database. Encrypted databases are always password protected.

When you compact a database, this property can be used to change the database password
to a new value. For more information about compacting a database, see Maintaining SQL
Server CE Databases and Using SQL Server CE-specific Interfaces.

Examples

The following code example shows how to open a password-protected SQL Server CE
database: (The password is requested from the user at runtime in a dialog box, the code for
which is not included in this sample.)

// Object declarations
HRESULT hr = NOERROR;
DBPROPSET dbpropset[2];
DBPROP dbprop[1];
DBPROP sscedbprop[1];
BSTR pwdPassword; // user input password

// Declare the provider interfaces.

IDBInitialize * pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBProperties * pIDBProperties = NULL;

// Initialize the data source.

// Initialize property structures

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);
VariantInit(&sscedbprop[0].vValue);

// Initialize Property with name of database.

dbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
dbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"ProtectedData.sdf");
if(NULL == dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Second property set has one property containing the provider-specific

// Initialize property set.

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

// Initialize the provider-specific property set.

dbpropset[1].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_SSCE_DBINIT;
dbpropset[1].rgProperties = sscedbprop;
dbpropset[1].cProperties = sizeof(sscedbprop)/sizeof(sscedbprop[0]);

// Set the properties into the provider's data source object.

pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,(void**)&pIDBProperties);

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(sizeof(dbpropset)/sizeof(dbpropset[0]),
dbpropset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;

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}

// Initialize the data source.

hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

Exit:
//Clean up resources here

return;

See Also

Data Source Objects

Provider-specific Properties

Using the SQL Server CE Database Security Features

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Session Objects (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Session Objects
The primary function of the session object is to define transactions, commands, and rowsets and for creating and modifying tables and indexes.

In Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), session properties can be set using the ISessionProperties interface.

From a session, you can:

● Create a command object by calling IDBCreateCommand::CreateCommand. A single session can support multiple commands. For more information, see Commands.
● Create a rowset by calling IOpenRowset::OpenRowset. For more information, see Rowsets.
● Create a schema rowset by calling IDBSchemaRowset::GetRowset. For more information about the schema rowsets supported by SQL Server CE, see SQL Server CE Schema Rowsets.
● Create or modify tables and indexes by using ITableDefinition and IIndexDefinition.
● Begin and end transactions. For more information, see Transactions.

Provider-specific Session Properties

SQL Server CE supports the provider specific property DBPROP_SSCE_MAXBUFFERSIZE. This property is used to modify the amount of memory that the
engine uses for caching. To change this value, pass DBPROP_SSCE_MAXBUFFERSIZE in the DBPROPSET_SSCE_SESSION property set to the
ISessionProperties interface. For more information, see Provider-specific Properties.

Examples

The following example shows how to create a session object and modify the session properties to restrict the amount of cache that the database engine
uses to 128 KB.

// Object declarations
HRESULT hr;
ULONG i = 0;
DBPROPSET dbpropset[1];
DBPROP dbprop[1];
DBPROP sessionProps[1];

// Declare the provider interfaces.

IDBInitialize * pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBProperties * pIDBProperties = NULL;
IDBCreateSession * pIDBCreateSession = NULL;
ISessionProperties * pISessionProperties = NULL;

// Initialize the the data source object.

hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SQLSERVERCE_2_0, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IDBInitialize, (LPVOID *) &pIDBInitialize);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize the the property set variants.

for (i = 0; i < sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]); i++)
{
VariantInit(&dbprop[i].vValue);
}
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(sessionProps)/sizeof(sessionProps[0]); i++)
{
VariantInit(&sessionProps[i].vValue);
}

dbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
dbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"\\windows\\Northwind.sdf");
if(NULL == dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;

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Session Objects (SQL Server CE Books Online)

goto Exit;
}

dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);
dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;

// Set the properties into the provider's data source object.

hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,(void**)&pIDBProperties);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(sizeof(dbpropset)/sizeof(dbpropset[0]),
dbpropset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize the data source.

hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize a session object.

hr = pIDBProperties->QueryInterface(IID_IDBCreateSession, (void **) &pIDBCreateSession);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

hr = pIDBCreateSession->CreateSession(NULL, IID_ISessionProperties,
(IUnknown**) &pISessionProperties);

// Initialize the property to change the maximum buffer pool size.

sessionProps[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_SSCE_MAXBUFFERSIZE;
sessionProps[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
sessionProps[0].vValue.vt = VT_I4;
sessionProps[0].vValue.lVal = 128; // limit cache usage to 128K

// Initialize the session property set.

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_SSCE_SESSION;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = sessionProps;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(sessionProps)/sizeof(sessionProps[0]);

// Set the session property.

hr = pISessionProperties->SetProperties(sizeof(dbpropset)/sizeof(dbpropset[0]),
dbpropset);

Exit:

// Clean up resources

return;

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Advanced Search

SQL Server CE Books Online

Session Objects
The primary function of the session object is to define transactions, commands, and rowsets and
for creating and modifying tables and indexes.

Up One Level
Data Source Objects In Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), session properties can
be set using the ISessionProperties interface.
Session Objects
Commands From a session, you can:
Rowsets
Cursors ● Create a command object by calling IDBCreateCommand::CreateCommand. A single session can support multiple
commands. For more information, see Commands.
Indexes ● Create a rowset by calling IOpenRowset::OpenRowset. For more information, see Rowsets.
Create a schema rowset by calling IDBSchemaRowset::GetRowset. For more information about the schema rowsets
Parameters
●

supported by SQL Server CE, see SQL Server CE Schema Rowsets.

● Create or modify tables and indexes by using ITableDefinition and IIndexDefinition.

Constraints
● Begin and end transactions. For more information, see Transactions.

Transactions
Data Types Supported in SQL Server CE Provider-specific Session Properties
Managing Database Objects
SQL Server CE supports the provider specific property DBPROP_SSCE_MAXBUFFERSIZE. This
Using SQL Server CE-specific Interfaces property is used to modify the amount of memory that the engine uses for caching. To change
this value, pass DBPROP_SSCE_MAXBUFFERSIZE in the DBPROPSET_SSCE_SESSION property
set to the ISessionProperties interface. For more information, see Provider-specific Properties.

Examples

The following example shows how to create a session object and modify the session properties to
restrict the amount of cache that the database engine uses to 128 KB.

// Object declarations
HRESULT hr;
ULONG i = 0;
DBPROPSET dbpropset[1];
DBPROP dbprop[1];
DBPROP sessionProps[1];

// Declare the provider interfaces.

IDBInitialize * pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBProperties * pIDBProperties = NULL;
IDBCreateSession * pIDBCreateSession = NULL;
ISessionProperties * pISessionProperties = NULL;

// Initialize the the data source object.

// Initialize the the property set variants.

for (i = 0; i < sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]); i++)
{
VariantInit(&dbprop[i].vValue);
}
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(sessionProps)/sizeof(sessionProps[0]); i++)
{
VariantInit(&sessionProps[i].vValue);
}

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dbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
dbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"\\windows\\Northwind.sdf");
if(NULL == dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);
dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;

// Set the properties into the provider's data source object.

hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,(void**)&pIDBProperties);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(sizeof(dbpropset)/sizeof(dbpropset[0]),
dbpropset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize the data source.

hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize a session object.

hr = pIDBProperties->QueryInterface(IID_IDBCreateSession, (void **) &pIDBCreateSession);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

hr = pIDBCreateSession->CreateSession(NULL, IID_ISessionProperties,
(IUnknown**) &pISessionProperties);

// Initialize the property to change the maximum buffer pool size.

// Initialize the session property set.

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_SSCE_SESSION;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = sessionProps;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(sessionProps)/sizeof(sessionProps[0]);

// Set the session property.

hr = pISessionProperties->SetProperties(sizeof(dbpropset)/sizeof(dbpropset[0]),
dbpropset);

Exit:

// Clean up resources

return;

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Commands (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Commands
In OLE DB, a command object is used to execute provider-specific text commands, similar to SQL statements. The basic steps for using commands in OLE
DB are:

1. A command object is created from an existing session object using IDBCreateCommand::CreateCommand.

2. The command text for the query is specified using ICommandText.

The command syntax supported by the OLE DB Provider for Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) is specified as DBGUID_SQL. DBGUID_SQL syntax is primarily SQL-92
syntax with ODBC escape sequences.

3. The command is executed using ICommand::Execute.

SQL Server CE supports a subset of the SQL Server Transact-SQL query grammar. Queries that can usually be run on SQL Server CE can also run on SQL
Server 2000; however, many of the features of Transact-SQL are absent from SQL Server CE and only a single SQL statement can be executed in a
command.

SQL Server CE supports parameterized queries in which parameters are delimited with the question mark (?) character; however, named parameterized
queries and output parameters for queries are not supported. For more information about the query grammar supported by SQL Server CE, see SQL
Reference for SQL Server CE.

Preparing Commands

To be able to execute a query, the database engine must first parse, compile, and optimize the SQL statement. Often, this work can be done once if the
command is to be executed multiple times, potentially saving time. If clients expect to run a query more than once, it is recommended that the command
be prepared once, then call Execute multiple times. This should maximize performance by avoiding query recompilation. Commands can be prepared
prior to execution by calling ICommandPrepare::Prepare. This is equivalent to compiling the command.

Examples

For examples of creating and executing commands using the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE, see the example in Parameters or the Employees.cpp file
in the NorthwindOLEDB sample that ships with SQL Server CE.

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Commands
In OLE DB, a command object is used to execute provider-specific text commands, similar
to SQL statements. The basic steps for using commands in OLE DB are:
Up One Level
Data Source Objects 1. A command object is created from an existing session object using IDBCreateCommand::CreateCommand.

Session Objects 2. The command text for the query is specified using ICommandText.

Commands The command syntax supported by the OLE DB Provider for Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition
(SQL Server CE) is specified as DBGUID_SQL. DBGUID_SQL syntax is primarily SQL-92 syntax with ODBC escape
Rowsets sequences.

Cursors
3. The command is executed using ICommand::Execute.

Indexes SQL Server CE supports a subset of the SQL Server Transact-SQL query grammar. Queries
Parameters that can usually be run on SQL Server CE can also run on SQL Server 2000; however, many
of the features of Transact-SQL are absent from SQL Server CE and only a single SQL
Constraints statement can be executed in a command.

Transactions
SQL Server CE supports parameterized queries in which parameters are delimited with the
Data Types Supported in SQL Server CE question mark (?) character; however, named parameterized queries and output
parameters for queries are not supported. For more information about the query grammar
Managing Database Objects supported by SQL Server CE, see SQL Reference for SQL Server CE.
Using SQL Server CE-specific Interfaces

Preparing Commands

To be able to execute a query, the database engine must first parse, compile, and optimize
the SQL statement. Often, this work can be done once if the command is to be executed
multiple times, potentially saving time. If clients expect to run a query more than once, it is
recommended that the command be prepared once, then call Execute multiple times. This
should maximize performance by avoiding query recompilation. Commands can be prepared
prior to execution by calling ICommandPrepare::Prepare. This is equivalent to compiling
the command.

Examples

For examples of creating and executing commands using the OLE DB Provider for SQL
Server CE, see the example in Parameters or the Employees.cpp file in the NorthwindOLEDB
sample that ships with SQL Server CE.

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Rowsets
Rowsets are the central objects that enable OLE DB components to expose and manipulate
data in tabular form. A rowset object is a set of rows in which each row has columns of
Up One Level data. Using the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE, a rowset object is created either when
ICommand::Execute returns data or by directly calling IOpenRowset::OpenRowset.
Using Rowsets Efficiently

The following issues affect the handling of rowsets in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000
Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE):

● SQL Server CE only supports the ability to retrieve one row at a time.
● Rows should be retrieved sequentially by calling IRowset::GetNextRows(NULL, 0, 1...).
● Rowsets can become zombies if the internal resource on which they depend goes away because a transaction
aborts.
● The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE supports data binding "by value" but not "by reference."
● SQL Server CE always returns computed column values when inserting new rows, allowing clients to immediately
retrieve this information. This allows the client to view any identity column value for the new row even before the
row has been committed to the data store. Because of this, the value for DBPROP_SERVERDATAONINSERT must
always be VARIANT_TRUE.
● There are other properties that correspond to various interfaces that can be supported on a rowset. Clients that do
not request the interfaces that they want to use on the resulting interface through the property mechanism cannot
necessarily access those interfaces, even if the cursor type selected can actually support that functionality. For
more information, see Rowset Properties.

When you use rowsets, a number of factors can affect the efficiency of the operation. For
more information, see Using Rowsets Efficiently.

See Also

SQL Server CE Schema Rowsets

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Using Rowsets Efficiently (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using Rowsets Efficiently

When you plan an efficient data access strategy for Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), keep the following issues in
mind:

When you use deferred update mode in OLE DB, specified by DBPROP_IRowsetUpdate being set to VARIANT_TRUE, SQL Server CE can only have one
pending change at a time. This uses a fast mechanism to update internally.

● IRowset::RestartPosition is efficient when used with scrollable cursors, but it can cause query reexecution when it is used with nonscrollable cursors. For more information, see Working with Cursors and
Cursors.
● Although SQL Server CE supports OLE DB data type coercions to and from DBTYPE_WSTR, it is best to use native data type bindings where possible to maximize performance against this engine.
● SQL Server CE supports reading and writing to large image and ntext data types through the ISequentialStream and ILockBytes interfaces. For more information, see Working with Large Data Types.

See Also

Rowsets

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Using Rowsets Efficiently

When you plan an efficient data access strategy for Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000
Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), keep the following issues in mind:
Up One Level
Using Rowsets Efficiently
When you use deferred update mode in OLE DB, specified by DBPROP_IRowsetUpdate being
set to VARIANT_TRUE, SQL Server CE can only have one pending change at a time. This
uses a fast mechanism to update internally.

● IRowset::RestartPosition is efficient when used with scrollable cursors, but it can cause query reexecution when
it is used with nonscrollable cursors. For more information, see Working with Cursors and Cursors.
● Although SQL Server CE supports OLE DB data type coercions to and from DBTYPE_WSTR, it is best to use native
data type bindings where possible to maximize performance against this engine.
● SQL Server CE supports reading and writing to large image and ntext data types through the
ISequentialStream and ILockBytes interfaces. For more information, see Working with Large Data Types.

See Also

Rowsets

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Cursors (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Cursors
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports the base table, forward-only, and scrollable cursor types. When any of these
supported cursors are used, the client can have only one open row. For more information about cursors, see Working with Cursors and "Cursors" in SQL Server
Books Online.

The following table lists the rowset properties values that must be specified for SQL Server CE.

Rowset properties Value

DBPROP_CANHOLDROWS VARIANT_FALSE

DBPROP_MAXOPENROWS 1

DBPROP_CANSCROLLBACKWARDS VARIANT_FALSE

The following table shows the required property settings for each cursor type.

Property setting Base table Forward-only Scrollable

DBPROP_BOOKMARKS VARIANT_TRUE VARIANT_FALSE VARIANT_TRUE

DBPROP_OWNUPDATEDDELETE VARIANT_TRUE VARIANT_FALSE VARIANT_FALSE

DBPROP_OWNINSERT VARIANT_TRUE VARIANT_FALSE VARIANT_FALSE

DBPROP_OTHERUPDATEDELETE VARIANT_TRUE VARIANT_FALSE VARIANT_FALSE

DBPROP_OTHERINSERT VARIANT_TRUE VARIANT_FALSE VARIANT_FALSE

DBPROP_CANFETCHBACKWARDS VARIANT_TRUE VARIANT_FALSE VARIANT_TRUE

DBPROP_QUICKRESTART VARIANT_TRUE VARIANT_FALSE VARIANT_TRUE

Base Table Cursor

The base table cursor is the fastest of the supported cursors and the only cursor that interacts directly with the storage engine. This cursor supports updates,
bookmarks, and indexes, as well as the Seek and SetRange methods of IRowsetIndex. The base table cursor optionally supports delayed update mode by
exposing the IRowsetUpdate interface when the client passes DBPROP_IRowsetUpdate as TRUE. This cursor has dynamic membership; both
DBPROP_OTHERINSERT and DBPROP_OTHERUPDATEDELETE properties are TRUE.

Base table cursors can be opened only by using IOpenRowset::OpenRowset. Using a "SELECT * FROM table" yields a query processor cursor (forward-only or
scrollable) and not a base table cursor. Only base table cursors support updates.

Forward-only Cursor

Although the forward-only read-only cursor is the fastest query processor cursor and the second fastest cursor overall, this cursor provides the least amount of
functionality. It does not support bookmarks or updates.

Scrollable Cursor

The scrollable read-only cursor is the most functional query processor cursor. The result set of this cursor is cached. This provides fast cursor restarts but makes it
more resource intensive, especially for queries with large result sets. Because the results are cached, changes to the underlying base tables for a query are not
reflected in the query results unless the query is reexecuted.

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Up One Level The following table lists the rowset properties values that must be specified for SQL Server CE.
Data Source Objects
Session Objects
Rowset properties Value
Commands DBPROP_CANHOLDROWS VARIANT_FALSE

Rowsets DBPROP_MAXOPENROWS 1

Cursors DBPROP_CANSCROLLBACKWARDS VARIANT_FALSE

Indexes
The following table shows the required property settings for each cursor type.
Parameters
Constraints
Transactions Property setting Base table Forward-only Scrollable

Data Types Supported in SQL Server CE DBPROP_BOOKMARKS

DBPROP_OWNUPDATEDDELETE
VARIANT_TRUE

VARIANT_TRUE
VARIANT_FALSE

VARIANT_FALSE
VARIANT_TRUE

VARIANT_FALSE

Managing Database Objects DBPROP_OWNINSERT VARIANT_TRUE VARIANT_FALSE VARIANT_FALSE

Using SQL Server CE-specific Interfaces DBPROP_OTHERUPDATEDELETE VARIANT_TRUE VARIANT_FALSE VARIANT_FALSE

DBPROP_OTHERINSERT VARIANT_TRUE VARIANT_FALSE VARIANT_FALSE

DBPROP_CANFETCHBACKWARDS VARIANT_TRUE VARIANT_FALSE VARIANT_TRUE

DBPROP_QUICKRESTART VARIANT_TRUE VARIANT_FALSE VARIANT_TRUE

Base Table Cursor

Forward-only Cursor

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Scrollable Cursor

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Advanced Search CE

SQL Server CE Books Online

Indexes
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports indexes and
several index-based operations to improve application performance.
Up One Level
Creating Indexes
When you work with indexes in SQL Server CE, it is important to keep the following issues
Changing Indexes in mind:

Using the Seek Method

● SQL Server CE supports only "integrated indexes" as defined in the Microsoft OLE DB documentation. This means
that the index is logically part of the Rowset object and is used to order the rowset. (No separate index rowset is
used to provide ordering.)
● Indexes are only exposed on base tables. This means that IOpenRowset::OpenRowset must be used to open
the table to use an index for ordering, seeking, or using index ranges. Query result sets do not expose base table
indexes.
● Indexes in SQL Server CE have slightly different creation properties from Microsoft SQL Server. For more
information, see CREATE INDEX.
● The name of the index is the only characteristic of an index that can be modified using IAlterIndex::AlterIndex
against the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE.
● To dynamically change the index while the rowset is open, you must request DBPROP_IRowsetCurrentIndex with a
value of VARIANT_TRUE when opening the base table rowset. For more information, see Changing Indexes.
● To be able to use the Seek and SetRange methods of the IRowsetIndex interface, you must request the
property DBPROP_IRowsetIndex with a value of VARIANT_TRUE when opening the base table rowset.

For more information about index limitations, see Understanding SQL Server CE Database
Objects.

See Also

Creating Indexes

Index Properties

Using the Seek Method

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Creating Indexes (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Creating Indexes
The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE exposes the ability to create indexes through IIndexDefinition::CreateIndex.

There are limitations on the use of indexes in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE). For more information, see Indexes
and Changing Indexes.

Examples

The following example shows how to use the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE to create a composite index over the LastName and FirstName columns
in the Employees table of the Northwind database.

//Create an index on two columns.

HRESULT hr;
DBID TableName;
DBID IndexName;
DBPROP dbprop[1];
DBPROPSET dbpropset[1];
DBPROP indexdbprop[2];
DBPROPSET indexdbpropset[1];
DBINDEXCOLUMNDESC rgIndexColumnDescs[2];
DBID dbidColumn1;
DBID dbidColumn2;
IDBInitialize *pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBProperties *pIDBProperties = NULL;
IDBCreateSession *pIDBCreateSession = NULL;
IIndexDefinition *pIIndexDefinition = NULL;

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);
VariantInit(&indexdbprop[0].vValue);

// Create an instance of the OLE DB provider.

hr = CoCreateInstance( CLSID_SQLSERVERCE_2_0, 0, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IDBInitialize, (void**)&pIDBInitialize);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize a property with name of database.

// Open an exsiting database myDatabase.
dbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
dbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal = L"\\windows\\Northwind.sdf";
if(NULL == dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize the property set.

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

//Set initialization properties.

hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,

(void **)&pIDBProperties);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Sets properties in the Data Source and initialization property groups

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(1, dbpropset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

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Creating Indexes (SQL Server CE Books Online)

// Initializes a data source object

hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Get the IDBCreateSession interface.

hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBCreateSession,
(void**)&pIDBCreateSession);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Create a session object.

hr = pIDBCreateSession->CreateSession(NULL, IID_IIndexDefinition,
(IUnknown**) &pIIndexDefinition);

// (This sample assumes that we have information about the Employees table.
// database schema.)
// Prepare the table name DBID as Employees.
TableName.eKind = DBKIND_NAME;
TableName.uName.pwszName = L"Employees";

// Prepare index name DBID as full_name_index.

IndexName.eKind = DBKIND_NAME;
IndexName.uName.pwszName = L"full_name_index";

// Set up properties for IIndexDefinition::CreateIndex call. For this

// index,we enforce uniqueness through the DBPROP_INDEX_NULLS property.
// Index properties must have colid set to DB_NULLID.
indexdbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INDEX_NULLS;
indexdbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
indexdbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_I4;
indexdbprop[0].vValue.lVal = DBPROPVAL_IN_DISALLOWNULL;
indexdbprop[0].colid = DB_NULLID;

// Initialize the property set.

indexdbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_INDEX;
indexdbpropset[0].rgProperties = indexdbprop;
indexdbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(indexdbprop)/sizeof(indexdbprop[0]);

// Set up DBINDEXCOLUMNDESC structures to define the columns in the

// index and the ordering for each column within that index.
rgIndexColumnDescs[0].eIndexColOrder = DBINDEX_COL_ORDER_ASC;
rgIndexColumnDescs[0].pColumnID = &dbidColumn1;
rgIndexColumnDescs[1].eIndexColOrder = DBINDEX_COL_ORDER_ASC;
rgIndexColumnDescs[1].pColumnID = &dbidColumn2;

// Specify the column names for the composite index on

// LastName and FirstName.
dbidColumn1.eKind = DBKIND_NAME;
dbidColumn1.uName.pwszName = L"LastName";
dbidColumn2.eKind = DBKIND_NAME;
dbidColumn2.uName.pwszName = L"FirstName";

// Create a two-column composite index named full_name_index over the

// LastName and FirstName columns in the Employees table.
hr = pIIndexDefinition->CreateIndex(&TableName, &IndexName,
sizeof(rgIndexColumnDescs)/sizeof(rgIndexColumnDescs[0]),
rgIndexColumnDescs, sizeof(indexdbpropset)/sizeof(indexdbpropset[0]),
indexdbpropset, NULL);

Exit:

// When finished, clear the properties arrays and release interfaces.

// Uninitialize the environment.

return;

See Also

Index Properties

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Creating Indexes
The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE exposes the ability to create indexes through
IIndexDefinition::CreateIndex.
Up One Level
Creating Indexes
There are limitations on the use of indexes in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE
Changing Indexes Edition (SQL Server CE). For more information, see Indexes and Changing Indexes.

Using the Seek Method

Examples

The following example shows how to use the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE to create a
composite index over the LastName and FirstName columns in the Employees table of
the Northwind database.

//Create an index on two columns.

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);
VariantInit(&indexdbprop[0].vValue);

// Create an instance of the OLE DB provider.

hr = CoCreateInstance( CLSID_SQLSERVERCE_2_0, 0, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IDBInitialize, (void**)&pIDBInitialize);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize a property with name of database.

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// Initialize the property set.

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

//Set initialization properties.

hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,

(void **)&pIDBProperties);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Sets properties in the Data Source and initialization property groups

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(1, dbpropset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initializes a data source object

hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Get the IDBCreateSession interface.

hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBCreateSession,
(void**)&pIDBCreateSession);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Create a session object.

hr = pIDBCreateSession->CreateSession(NULL, IID_IIndexDefinition,
(IUnknown**) &pIIndexDefinition);

// Prepare index name DBID as full_name_index.

IndexName.eKind = DBKIND_NAME;
IndexName.uName.pwszName = L"full_name_index";

// Set up properties for IIndexDefinition::CreateIndex call. For this

// Initialize the property set.

indexdbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_INDEX;
indexdbpropset[0].rgProperties = indexdbprop;
indexdbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(indexdbprop)/sizeof(indexdbprop[0]);

// Set up DBINDEXCOLUMNDESC structures to define the columns in the

// Specify the column names for the composite index on

// LastName and FirstName.
dbidColumn1.eKind = DBKIND_NAME;
dbidColumn1.uName.pwszName = L"LastName";
dbidColumn2.eKind = DBKIND_NAME;
dbidColumn2.uName.pwszName = L"FirstName";

// Create a two-column composite index named full_name_index over the

Exit:

// When finished, clear the properties arrays and release interfaces.

// Uninitialize the environment.

return;

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See Also

Index Properties

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Changing Indexes (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Changing Indexes
The following restrictions are imposed on clients when they attempt to change the current index through IRowsetCurrentIndex:

● All accessor handles must be released.

● All row handles must be released.
● No pending changes should be outstanding.

For more information, see Indexes.

See Also

Creating Indexes

Index Properties

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Changing Indexes
The following restrictions are imposed on clients when they attempt to change the current
index through IRowsetCurrentIndex:
Up One Level
Creating Indexes ● All accessor handles must be released.

Changing Indexes ●

●
All row handles must be released.
No pending changes should be outstanding.

Using the Seek Method

For more information, see Indexes.

See Also

Creating Indexes

Index Properties

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Using the Seek Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using the Seek Method

The Seek method is the most widely used method by clients on indexes in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE). Seek
provides the ability to find rows on a cursor very quickly. Seek requires that an index be defined on the column(s) in the search key to work properly.
Most seek operations are for a particular value, but it is also possible to seek using other comparison operators, such as "greater than" or "less than".

IRowsetIndex::Seek passes values to the provider by using the accessor mechanism in OLE DB that is used to get and set data. Accessors used against
the Seek method have additional restrictions over accessors for IRowset::GetData and IRowset::SetData. The accessor must bind columns in the
order they appear in the index key.

The IRowsetPosition interface is only supported on scrollable cursors. For more information, see Using IRowsetPosition or Cursors.

Examples

The following example shows how to use IRowsetIndex::Seek on an index using the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE. The sample is taken from the
Employees.cpp file in the NorthwindOLEDB sample that ships with SQL Server CE. The example contains only the portions of the LoadEmployeeInfo
function that relate to the Seek method.

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The following steps have been removed from this sample. For the
// complete code, see the Employee.cpp file.
// 1) Verify that IDBCreateSession exists on the datasource.
// 2) Create a session object.
// 3) Set up information necessary to open a table
// using an index and that has the ability to seek.
// The index or interest is PK_Employees on the EmployeeID column
// of the Employees table in Northwind.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

TableID.eKind = DBKIND_NAME;
TableID.uName.pwszName = (WCHAR*)TABLE_EMPLOYEE; //Northwind Employees

IndexID.eKind = DBKIND_NAME;
IndexID.uName.pwszName = L"PK_Employees";

// Request ability to use IRowsetChange interface.

rowsetpropset[0].cProperties = 1;
rowsetpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_ROWSET;
rowsetpropset[0].rgProperties = rowsetprop;

rowsetprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_IRowsetIndex;
rowsetprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
rowsetprop[0].colid = DB_NULLID;
rowsetprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BOOL;
rowsetprop[0].vValue.boolVal = VARIANT_TRUE;

// Open the table using the index.

hr = pIOpenRowset->OpenRowset(NULL, &TableID, &IndexID,
IID_IRowsetIndex, sizeof(rowsetpropset)/sizeof(rowsetpropset[0]),
rowsetpropset, (IUnknown**) &pIRowsetIndex);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Get the IRowset interface.

hr = pIRowsetIndex->QueryInterface(IID_IRowset, (void**) &pIRowset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Steps to get column data using IcolumnsInfo have been removed
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Create a DBBINDING array.

dwBindingSize = sizeof(pwszEmployees)/sizeof(pwszEmployees[0]);
prgBinding = (DBBINDING*)CoTaskMemAlloc(sizeof(DBBINDING)*dwBindingSize);
if (NULL == prgBinding)

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Using the Seek Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Set initial offset for binding position.

dwOffset = 0;

// Prepare structures to create an accessor for each index.

for (dwIndex = 0; dwIndex < dwBindingSize; ++dwIndex)
{
if (!GetColumnOrdinal(pDBColumnInfo, ulNumCols, pwszEmployees[dwIndex], &dwOrdinal))
{
hr = E_FAIL;
goto Exit;
}

prgBinding[dwIndex].iOrdinal = dwOrdinal;
prgBinding[dwIndex].dwPart = DBPART_VALUE | DBPART_STATUS | DBPART_LENGTH;
prgBinding[dwIndex].obLength = dwOffset;
prgBinding[dwIndex].obStatus = prgBinding[dwIndex].obLength + sizeof(ULONG);
prgBinding[dwIndex].obValue = prgBinding[dwIndex].obStatus + sizeof(DBSTATUS);
prgBinding[dwIndex].pTypeInfo = NULL;
prgBinding[dwIndex].pBindExt = NULL;
prgBinding[dwIndex].dwMemOwner = DBMEMOWNER_CLIENTOWNED;
prgBinding[dwIndex].dwFlags = 0;
prgBinding[dwIndex].bPrecision = pDBColumnInfo[dwOrdinal].bPrecision;
prgBinding[dwIndex].bScale = pDBColumnInfo[dwOrdinal].bScale;

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Case-specific binding information has been removed.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

prgBinding[dwIndex].pObject NULL;
prgBinding[dwIndex].wType = pDBColumnInfo[dwOrdinal].wType;
if(DBTYPE_WSTR == pDBColumnInfo[dwOrdinal].wType)
{
prgBinding[dwIndex].cbMaxLen = pDBColumnInfo[dwOrdinal].ulColumnSize
* sizeof(WCHAR);
}
else
{
prgBinding[dwIndex].cbMaxLen = pDBColumnInfo[dwOrdinal].ulColumnSize;
}

// Calculate and align the offset.

}

// Get IAccessor interface.

hr = pIRowset->QueryInterface(IID_IAccessor, (void**)&pIAccessor);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Create the accessor.

hr = pIAccessor->CreateAccessor(DBACCESSOR_ROWDATA, dwBindingSize,
prgBinding, 0, &hAccessor, NULL);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Allocate data buffer for seek and retrieve operation.

pData = (BYTE*)CoTaskMemAlloc(dwOffset);
if (NULL == pData)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Set data buffer to zero.

//
memset(pData, 0, dwOffset);

// Set data buffer for seek operation by specifying the

// dwEmployeeID variable that is passed to the function.
*(ULONG*)(pData+prgBinding[0].obLength) = 4;
*(DBSTATUS*)(pData+prgBinding[0].obStatus) = DBSTATUS_S_OK;
*(int*)(pData+prgBinding[0].obValue) = dwEmployeeID;

// Seek for the first row where the value of the selected column
// is dwEmployeeID.
hr = pIRowsetIndex->Seek(hAccessor, 1, pData, DBSEEK_FIRSTEQ);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Retrieve a row handle for the row resulting from the seek.
hr = pIRowset->GetNextRows(DB_NULL_HCHAPTER, 0, 1, &cRowsObtained,

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Using the Seek Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

&prghRows);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The Employee.cpp code performs programming logic here on the
// returned rowset, and then releases the rowset.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Exit:

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// This is where the resources are released in Employee.cpp.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

return hr;

See Also

Indexes

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MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL
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Advanced Search CE > Indexes

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using the Seek Method

The Seek method is the most widely used method by clients on indexes in Microsoft® SQL
Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE). Seek provides the ability to find rows on
Up One Level a cursor very quickly. Seek requires that an index be defined on the column(s) in the search key
to work properly. Most seek operations are for a particular value, but it is also possible to seek
Creating Indexes using other comparison operators, such as "greater than" or "less than".

Changing Indexes
Using the Seek Method IRowsetIndex::Seek passes values to the provider by using the accessor mechanism in OLE
DB that is used to get and set data. Accessors used against the Seek method have additional
restrictions over accessors for IRowset::GetData and IRowset::SetData. The accessor must
bind columns in the order they appear in the index key.

The IRowsetPosition interface is only supported on scrollable cursors. For more information,
see Using IRowsetPosition or Cursors.

Examples

The following example shows how to use IRowsetIndex::Seek on an index using the OLE DB
Provider for SQL Server CE. The sample is taken from the Employees.cpp file in the
NorthwindOLEDB sample that ships with SQL Server CE. The example contains only the portions
of the LoadEmployeeInfo function that relate to the Seek method.

TableID.eKind = DBKIND_NAME;
TableID.uName.pwszName = (WCHAR*)TABLE_EMPLOYEE; //Northwind Employees

IndexID.eKind = DBKIND_NAME;
IndexID.uName.pwszName = L"PK_Employees";

// Request ability to use IRowsetChange interface.

rowsetpropset[0].cProperties = 1;
rowsetpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_ROWSET;
rowsetpropset[0].rgProperties = rowsetprop;

// Open the table using the index.

hr = pIOpenRowset->OpenRowset(NULL, &TableID, &IndexID,
IID_IRowsetIndex, sizeof(rowsetpropset)/sizeof(rowsetpropset[0]),
rowsetpropset, (IUnknown**) &pIRowsetIndex);

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if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Get the IRowset interface.

hr = pIRowsetIndex->QueryInterface(IID_IRowset, (void**) &pIRowset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Create a DBBINDING array.

dwBindingSize = sizeof(pwszEmployees)/sizeof(pwszEmployees[0]);
prgBinding = (DBBINDING*)CoTaskMemAlloc(sizeof(DBBINDING)*dwBindingSize);
if (NULL == prgBinding)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Set initial offset for binding position.

dwOffset = 0;

// Prepare structures to create an accessor for each index.

for (dwIndex = 0; dwIndex < dwBindingSize; ++dwIndex)
{
if (!GetColumnOrdinal(pDBColumnInfo, ulNumCols, pwszEmployees[dwIndex], &dwOrdinal))
{
hr = E_FAIL;
goto Exit;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Case-specific binding information has been removed.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Calculate and align the offset.

}

// Get IAccessor interface.

hr = pIRowset->QueryInterface(IID_IAccessor, (void**)&pIAccessor);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Create the accessor.

hr = pIAccessor->CreateAccessor(DBACCESSOR_ROWDATA, dwBindingSize,
prgBinding, 0, &hAccessor, NULL);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Allocate data buffer for seek and retrieve operation.

pData = (BYTE*)CoTaskMemAlloc(dwOffset);
if (NULL == pData)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Set data buffer to zero.

//
memset(pData, 0, dwOffset);

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// Set data buffer for seek operation by specifying the

// Seek for the first row where the value of the selected column
// is dwEmployeeID.
hr = pIRowsetIndex->Seek(hAccessor, 1, pData, DBSEEK_FIRSTEQ);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Retrieve a row handle for the row resulting from the seek.
hr = pIRowset->GetNextRows(DB_NULL_HCHAPTER, 0, 1, &cRowsObtained,
&prghRows);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

Exit:

return hr;

See Also

Indexes

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Parameters (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Note The ICommandWithParameters::SetParameterInfo method should not be used to change the data types of parameters.
Even when the type for a parameter is set using SetParameterInfo, the query processor in SQL Server CE makes the final
decision as to the correct type, potentially overriding any changes.

For more information, see Using Parameters in Queries.

Examples

The following example method uses OLE DB to insert a new row into the Northwind Shippers table:

// Begin the method to insert data using parameters.

// Declarations
HRESULT hr;
IDBInitialize * pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBProperties * pIDBProperties = NULL;
IDBCreateSession * pIDBCrtSession = NULL;
DBPROPSET rgPropSets[1];
DBPROP rgProps[1];
ULONG iPropSet = 0;
ULONG iProp = 0;
ICommandText * pICmdText = NULL;
IDBCreateCommand * pIDBCrtCmd = NULL;
ICommandPrepare * pICmdPrepare = NULL;
ICommandWithParameters * pICmdWParams = NULL;
IAccessor * pIAcc = NULL;
ULONG cParams;
DBPARAMINFO * rgParamInfo = NULL;
OLECHAR * pNamesBuffer = NULL;
ULONG cBindings;
DBBINDING rgBindings[3];
ULONG cbRowSize;
HACCESSOR hAcc;
BYTE * pData = NULL;
DBPARAMS params;
LONG cRowsAffected;

// Specify the Northwind database as wzDbName.

WCHAR wzDbName[] = L"\\windows\\Northwind.sdf";

// Initialize the property set values.and create the data source object.
for (ULONG i = 0; i < sizeof(rgProps)/sizeof(rgProps[0]); i++)
{
VariantInit(&rgProps[i].vValue);
}

hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SQLSERVERCE_2_0, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,

IID_IDBInitialize, (LPVOID *) &pIDBInitialize);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

iProp = 0;
rgProps[iProp].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
rgProps[iProp].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
rgProps[iProp].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
rgProps[iProp].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(wzDbName);
if(!(rgProps[iProp].vValue.bstrVal))
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

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Parameters (SQL Server CE Books Online)

iProp++;

iPropSet = 0;
rgPropSets[iPropSet].rgProperties = rgProps;
rgPropSets[iPropSet].cProperties = iProp;
rgPropSets[iPropSet].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
iPropSet++;

// Set the properties into the provider's data source object.

pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,(void**)&pIDBProperties);

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(sizeof(rgPropSets)/sizeof(rgPropSets[iPropSet]),
rgPropSets);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Create a session that supports commands.

hr = pIDBProperties->QueryInterface(IID_IDBCreateSession, (void **)
&pIDBCrtSession);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

hr = pIDBCrtSession->CreateSession(NULL, IID_IDBCreateCommand,
(IUnknown**) &pIDBCrtCmd);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Create the new command that uses parameters.

hr = pIDBCrtCmd->CreateCommand(NULL, IID_ICommandWithParameters,
(IUnknown**) &pICmdWParams);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

hr = pICmdWParams->QueryInterface(IID_ICommandText, (void**) &pICmdText);

if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

hr = pICmdWParams->QueryInterface(IID_ICommandPrepare, (void**) &pICmdPrepare);

if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Specify the command text using parameter markers in the query syntax.
hr = pICmdText->SetCommandText(DBGUID_DBSQL, L"INSERT INTO Shippers \
(ShipperID, CompanyName, Phone) VALUES (?, ?, ?)");
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Prepare the current command.

hr = pICmdPrepare->Prepare(1);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Retrieving parameter information

hr = pICmdWParams->GetParameterInfo(&cParams, &rgParamInfo, &pNamesBuffer);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Create the acessor object and column specific bindings.

hr = pICmdText->QueryInterface(IID_IAccessor, (void**) &pIAcc);

if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;

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Parameters (SQL Server CE Books Online)

// Create the bindings for the three columns.

cBindings = 3;

rgBindings[0].iOrdinal = 1;
rgBindings[0].obStatus = 0;
rgBindings[0].obLength = rgBindings[0].obStatus + sizeof(DBSTATUS);
rgBindings[0].obValue = rgBindings[0].obLength + sizeof(ULONG);
rgBindings[0].pTypeInfo = NULL;
rgBindings[0].pObject = NULL;
rgBindings[0].pBindExt = NULL;
rgBindings[0].dwPart = DBPART_VALUE | DBPART_LENGTH | DBPART_STATUS;
rgBindings[0].dwMemOwner = DBMEMOWNER_CLIENTOWNED;
rgBindings[0].eParamIO = DBPARAMIO_INPUT;
rgBindings[0].cbMaxLen = sizeof(int); //ShipperID is integer
rgBindings[0].dwFlags = 0;
rgBindings[0].wType = DBTYPE_I4;
rgBindings[0].bPrecision = 0;
rgBindings[0].bScale = 0;

rgBindings[1].iOrdinal = 2;
rgBindings[1].obStatus = rgBindings[0].obValue + rgBindings[0].cbMaxLen;
rgBindings[1].obLength = rgBindings[1].obStatus + sizeof(DBSTATUS);
rgBindings[1].obValue = rgBindings[1].obLength + sizeof(ULONG);
rgBindings[1].pTypeInfo = NULL;
rgBindings[1].pObject = NULL;
rgBindings[1].pBindExt = NULL;
rgBindings[1].dwPart = DBPART_VALUE | DBPART_LENGTH | DBPART_STATUS;
rgBindings[1].dwMemOwner = DBMEMOWNER_CLIENTOWNED;
rgBindings[1].eParamIO = DBPARAMIO_INPUT;
rgBindings[1].cbMaxLen = 40 * sizeof(WCHAR); //CompanyName is nvarchar(40)
rgBindings[1].dwFlags = 0;
rgBindings[1].wType = DBTYPE_WSTR;
rgBindings[1].bPrecision = 0;
rgBindings[1].bScale = 0;

rgBindings[2].iOrdinal = 3;
rgBindings[2].obStatus = rgBindings[1].obValue + rgBindings[1].cbMaxLen;
rgBindings[2].obLength = rgBindings[2].obStatus + sizeof(DBSTATUS);
rgBindings[2].obValue = rgBindings[2].obLength + sizeof(ULONG);
rgBindings[2].pTypeInfo = NULL;
rgBindings[2].pObject = NULL;
rgBindings[2].pBindExt = NULL;
rgBindings[2].dwPart = DBPART_VALUE | DBPART_LENGTH | DBPART_STATUS;
rgBindings[2].dwMemOwner = DBMEMOWNER_CLIENTOWNED;
rgBindings[2].eParamIO = DBPARAMIO_INPUT;
rgBindings[2].cbMaxLen = 24 * sizeof(WCHAR); //Phone is nvarchar(24)
rgBindings[2].dwFlags = 0;
rgBindings[2].wType = DBTYPE_WSTR;
rgBindings[2].bPrecision = 0;
rgBindings[2].bScale = 0;

// Calculate the total memory needed for the input buffer.

cbRowSize = rgBindings[2].obValue + rgBindings[2].cbMaxLen;

// Create the accessor for the parameter data.

hr = pIAcc->CreateAccessor(DBACCESSOR_PARAMETERDATA, cBindings,
rgBindings, cbRowSize, &hAcc, NULL);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Allocate memory for the parameter data.

pData = (BYTE*) malloc(cbRowSize);
if(!(pData))
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

//Clear out the buffer.

memset(pData, 0, cbRowSize);

// Define the insert data for the parameters.

// Shipper ID
* (DBSTATUS*) (pData + rgBindings[0].obStatus) = DBSTATUS_S_OK;
* (int*) (pData + rgBindings[0].obValue) = 1;
* (ULONG*) (pData + rgBindings[0].obLength) = sizeof(int);

// CompanyName
* (DBSTATUS*) (pData + rgBindings[1].obStatus) = DBSTATUS_S_OK;
wcscpy((WCHAR*) (pData + rgBindings[1].obValue), L"Federal Express");
* (int*) (pData + rgBindings[1].obLength) = wcslen(L"Federal Express") * sizeof(WCHAR);

// Phone
* (DBSTATUS*) (pData + rgBindings[2].obStatus) = DBSTATUS_S_OK;

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Parameters (SQL Server CE Books Online)

wcscpy((WCHAR*) (pData + rgBindings[2].obValue), L"1-800-555-1212");

* (int*) (pData + rgBindings[2].obLength) = wcslen(L"1-800-555-1212") * sizeof(WCHAR);

// Define the DBPARAMS structure.

params.pData = pData;
params.cParamSets = 1;
params.hAccessor = hAcc;

// Execute the command with paramters.

hr = pICmdText->Execute(NULL, IID_NULL, &params, &cRowsAffected, NULL);

// Error handling for the command

if (FAILED(hr) || (1 != cRowsAffected))
{
MessageBox(NULL,"An error occured","error",MB_OK);
}

Exit:

// Clean up resources.

free(pData);
CoTaskMemFree(rgParamInfo);
CoTaskMemFree(pNamesBuffer);

if(pIAcc) pIAcc->Release();
if(pIDBProperties) pIDBProperties->Release();
if(pIDBCrtSession) pIDBCrtSession->Release();
if(pICmdPrepare) pICmdPrepare->Release();
if(pICmdWParams) pICmdWParams->Release();
if(pICmdText) pICmdText->Release();
if(pIDBCrtCmd) pIDBCrtCmd->Release();

for(i = 0; i < sizeof(rgProps)/sizeof(rgProps[0]); i++)

{
VariantClear(&rgProps[i].vValue);
}

return;

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MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL
MSDN Library Go Server > SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 >
Building Applications > OLE DB and SQL Server CE > Programming OLE DB Applications for SQL Server CE
Advanced Search

SQL Server CE Books Online

Parameters
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports queries that
contain parameters. Parameters can be used to replace column values in a query. You can get
information about the parameters of a command, such as their data types, by using the
Up One Level ICommandWithParameters::GetParameterInfo. Parameters are then passed when
ICommand::Execute is called.
Data Source Objects
Session Objects Note The ICommandWithParameters::SetParameterInfo method
Commands should not be used to change the data types of parameters. Even when the
type for a parameter is set using SetParameterInfo, the query processor
Rowsets in SQL Server CE makes the final decision as to the correct type, potentially
overriding any changes.
Cursors
Indexes For more information, see Using Parameters in Queries.
Parameters
Constraints
Transactions Examples
Data Types Supported in SQL Server CE
The following example method uses OLE DB to insert a new row into the Northwind Shippers
Managing Database Objects table:

Using SQL Server CE-specific Interfaces

// Begin the method to insert data using parameters.
// Declarations
HRESULT hr;
IDBInitialize * pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBProperties * pIDBProperties = NULL;
IDBCreateSession * pIDBCrtSession = NULL;
DBPROPSET rgPropSets[1];
DBPROP rgProps[1];
ULONG iPropSet = 0;
ULONG iProp = 0;
ICommandText * pICmdText = NULL;
IDBCreateCommand * pIDBCrtCmd = NULL;
ICommandPrepare * pICmdPrepare = NULL;
ICommandWithParameters * pICmdWParams = NULL;
IAccessor * pIAcc = NULL;
ULONG cParams;
DBPARAMINFO * rgParamInfo = NULL;
OLECHAR * pNamesBuffer = NULL;
ULONG cBindings;
DBBINDING rgBindings[3];
ULONG cbRowSize;
HACCESSOR hAcc;
BYTE * pData = NULL;
DBPARAMS params;
LONG cRowsAffected;

// Specify the Northwind database as wzDbName.

WCHAR wzDbName[] = L"\\windows\\Northwind.sdf";

// Initialize the property set values.and create the data source object.
for (ULONG i = 0; i < sizeof(rgProps)/sizeof(rgProps[0]); i++)
{
VariantInit(&rgProps[i].vValue);
}

hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SQLSERVERCE_2_0, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,

IID_IDBInitialize, (LPVOID *) &pIDBInitialize);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

iProp = 0;
rgProps[iProp].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
rgProps[iProp].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
rgProps[iProp].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;

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Welcome to the MSDN Library

rgProps[iProp].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(wzDbName);
if(!(rgProps[iProp].vValue.bstrVal))
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}
iProp++;

iPropSet = 0;
rgPropSets[iPropSet].rgProperties = rgProps;
rgPropSets[iPropSet].cProperties = iProp;
rgPropSets[iPropSet].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
iPropSet++;

// Set the properties into the provider's data source object.

pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,(void**)&pIDBProperties);

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(sizeof(rgPropSets)/sizeof(rgPropSets[iPropSet]),
rgPropSets);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Create a session that supports commands.

hr = pIDBProperties->QueryInterface(IID_IDBCreateSession, (void **)
&pIDBCrtSession);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

hr = pIDBCrtSession->CreateSession(NULL, IID_IDBCreateCommand,
(IUnknown**) &pIDBCrtCmd);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Create the new command that uses parameters.

hr = pIDBCrtCmd->CreateCommand(NULL, IID_ICommandWithParameters,
(IUnknown**) &pICmdWParams);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

hr = pICmdWParams->QueryInterface(IID_ICommandText, (void**) &pICmdText);

if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

hr = pICmdWParams->QueryInterface(IID_ICommandPrepare, (void**) &pICmdPrepare);

if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Prepare the current command.

hr = pICmdPrepare->Prepare(1);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Retrieving parameter information

hr = pICmdWParams->GetParameterInfo(&cParams, &rgParamInfo, &pNamesBuffer);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Create the acessor object and column specific bindings.

hr = pICmdText->QueryInterface(IID_IAccessor, (void**) &pIAcc);

if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Create the bindings for the three columns.

cBindings = 3;

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rgBindings[0].pObject = NULL;
rgBindings[0].pBindExt = NULL;
rgBindings[0].dwPart = DBPART_VALUE | DBPART_LENGTH | DBPART_STATUS;
rgBindings[0].dwMemOwner = DBMEMOWNER_CLIENTOWNED;
rgBindings[0].eParamIO = DBPARAMIO_INPUT;
rgBindings[0].cbMaxLen = sizeof(int); //ShipperID is integer
rgBindings[0].dwFlags = 0;
rgBindings[0].wType = DBTYPE_I4;
rgBindings[0].bPrecision = 0;
rgBindings[0].bScale = 0;

// Calculate the total memory needed for the input buffer.

cbRowSize = rgBindings[2].obValue + rgBindings[2].cbMaxLen;

// Create the accessor for the parameter data.

hr = pIAcc->CreateAccessor(DBACCESSOR_PARAMETERDATA, cBindings,
rgBindings, cbRowSize, &hAcc, NULL);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Allocate memory for the parameter data.

pData = (BYTE*) malloc(cbRowSize);
if(!(pData))
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

//Clear out the buffer.

memset(pData, 0, cbRowSize);

// Define the insert data for the parameters.

// Shipper ID
* (DBSTATUS*) (pData + rgBindings[0].obStatus) = DBSTATUS_S_OK;
* (int*) (pData + rgBindings[0].obValue) = 1;
* (ULONG*) (pData + rgBindings[0].obLength) = sizeof(int);

// Phone
* (DBSTATUS*) (pData + rgBindings[2].obStatus) = DBSTATUS_S_OK;
wcscpy((WCHAR*) (pData + rgBindings[2].obValue), L"1-800-555-1212");
* (int*) (pData + rgBindings[2].obLength) = wcslen(L"1-800-555-1212") * sizeof(WCHAR);

// Define the DBPARAMS structure.

params.pData = pData;
params.cParamSets = 1;
params.hAccessor = hAcc;

// Execute the command with paramters.

hr = pICmdText->Execute(NULL, IID_NULL, &params, &cRowsAffected, NULL);

// Error handling for the command

if (FAILED(hr) || (1 != cRowsAffected))
{
MessageBox(NULL,"An error occured","error",MB_OK);
}

Exit:

// Clean up resources.

free(pData);
CoTaskMemFree(rgParamInfo);
CoTaskMemFree(pNamesBuffer);

if(pIAcc) pIAcc->Release();
if(pIDBProperties) pIDBProperties->Release();

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if(pIDBCrtSession) pIDBCrtSession->Release();
if(pICmdPrepare) pICmdPrepare->Release();
if(pICmdWParams) pICmdWParams->Release();
if(pICmdText) pICmdText->Release();
if(pIDBCrtCmd) pIDBCrtCmd->Release();

for(i = 0; i < sizeof(rgProps)/sizeof(rgProps[0]); i++)

{
VariantClear(&rgProps[i].vValue);
}

return;

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Constraints (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Constraints
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports constraints to enforce the data integrity rules in a database.

Note SQL Server CE database engine does place some limitations on constraint types and how they function. For more
information, see Understanding SQL Server CE Database Objects.

Constraints are added to columns using the ITableDefinitionWithConstraints interface. For foreign key constraints, the matchType element of the
DBCONSTRAINTDESC structure should always be set to DBMATCHTYPE_FULL.

Examples

The following example shows how to use OLE DB to add a new UNIQUE constraint to the Extension column in the Employees table of the Northwind
database using the ITableDefinitionWithConstraints::AddConstraint method.

// Declarations
HRESULT hr;
DBID TableName; // name of table for new constraint
DBID ColumnList[1]; // name of column for new constraint
DBID ConstraintName; // name of new constraint
DBPROP dbprop[1];
DBPROPSET dbpropset[1];
DBCONSTRAINTDESC rgConstraintDescs[1]; // Structure for constraint properties
IDBInitialize *pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBProperties *pIDBProperties = NULL;
IDBCreateSession *pIDBCreateSession = NULL;
ITableDefinitionWithConstraints *pITbleDefWithConstrt = NULL; // supports adding constraints

if (FAILED(hr = CoInitialize(NULL)))
{
return;
}

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);

// Create an instance of the OLE DB Provider

hr = CoCreateInstance( CLSID_SQLSERVERCE_2_0, 0, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IDBInitialize, (void**)&pIDBInitialize);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize a property with name of database

// Open an exsiting database myDatabase
dbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
dbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal = L"\\windows\\Northwind.sdf";

// Initialize the property set

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

//Set initialization properties.

hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,

(void **)&pIDBProperties);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Sets properties in the Data Source and initialization property groups

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(1, dbpropset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

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Constraints (SQL Server CE Books Online)

// Initializes a data source object

hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Get IDBCreateSession interface

hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBCreateSession,
(void**)&pIDBCreateSession);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send error-specific message and do error handling
goto Exit;
}

// Create a session object.

hr = pIDBCreateSession->CreateSession(NULL, IID_ITableDefinitionWithConstraints,
(IUnknown**) &pITbleDefWithConstrt);

// (This sample assumes that we have information about the Employees table
// database schema.)
// Prepare the table name DBID as Employees.
TableName.eKind = DBKIND_NAME;
TableName.uName.pwszName = L"Employees";

// Prepare the list of columns that will get the UNIQUE constraint.
// In this case, just the Extension column.
ColumnList[0].eKind = DBKIND_NAME;
ColumnList[0].uName.pwszName = L"Extension";

// Build the DBCONSTRAINTDESC structure needed to make the

// ITableDefinitionWithConstraints::AddConstraint
// call to add the constraint.
rgConstraintDescs[0].pConstraintID = &ConstraintName;
rgConstraintDescs[0].ConstraintType = DBCONSTRAINTTYPE_UNIQUE;
rgConstraintDescs[0].cColumns = 1;
rgConstraintDescs[0].rgColumnList = ColumnList;
rgConstraintDescs[0].Deferrability = 0; // SQL Server CE constraints are not deferrable.
// The following properties are not used in UNIQUE constraints
rgConstraintDescs[0].pReferencedTableID = NULL;
rgConstraintDescs[0].cForeignKeyColumns = 0;
rgConstraintDescs[0].rgForeignKeyColumnList = NULL;
rgConstraintDescs[0].pwszConstraintText = NULL;
rgConstraintDescs[0].UpdateRule = DBUPDELRULE_NOACTION;
rgConstraintDescs[0].DeleteRule = DBUPDELRULE_NOACTION;
rgConstraintDescs[0].MatchType = DBMATCHTYPE_NONE;

// Add the new constraint

hr = pITbleDefWithConstrt->AddConstraint(&TableName, rgConstraintDescs);

Exit:

// When finished, clear the properties arrays and release interfaces.

// Uninitialize the environment.

Return;

See Also

Understanding SQL Server CE Database Objects

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Constraints
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports constraints to enforce
the data integrity rules in a database.

Up One Level
Data Source Objects Note SQL Server CE database engine does place some limitations on
constraint types and how they function. For more information, see
Session Objects Understanding SQL Server CE Database Objects.

Commands
Rowsets Constraints are added to columns using the ITableDefinitionWithConstraints interface. For foreign
key constraints, the matchType element of the DBCONSTRAINTDESC structure should always be set
Cursors to DBMATCHTYPE_FULL.

Indexes
Parameters Examples
Constraints
Transactions The following example shows how to use OLE DB to add a new UNIQUE constraint to the Extension
column in the Employees table of the Northwind database using the
Data Types Supported in SQL Server CE ITableDefinitionWithConstraints::AddConstraint method.

Managing Database Objects

Using SQL Server CE-specific Interfaces // Declarations
HRESULT hr;
DBID TableName; // name of table for new constraint
DBID ColumnList[1]; // name of column for new constraint
DBID ConstraintName; // name of new constraint
DBPROP dbprop[1];
DBPROPSET dbpropset[1];
DBCONSTRAINTDESC rgConstraintDescs[1]; // Structure for constraint properties
IDBInitialize *pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBProperties *pIDBProperties = NULL;
IDBCreateSession *pIDBCreateSession = NULL;
ITableDefinitionWithConstraints *pITbleDefWithConstrt = NULL; // supports adding constraints

if (FAILED(hr = CoInitialize(NULL)))
{
return;
}

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);

// Create an instance of the OLE DB Provider

hr = CoCreateInstance( CLSID_SQLSERVERCE_2_0, 0, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IDBInitialize, (void**)&pIDBInitialize);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize a property with name of database

// Initialize the property set

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

//Set initialization properties.

hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,

(void **)&pIDBProperties);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Sets properties in the Data Source and initialization property groups

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(1, dbpropset);

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if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initializes a data source object

hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Get IDBCreateSession interface

hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBCreateSession,
(void**)&pIDBCreateSession);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send error-specific message and do error handling
goto Exit;
}

// Create a session object.

hr = pIDBCreateSession->CreateSession(NULL, IID_ITableDefinitionWithConstraints,
(IUnknown**) &pITbleDefWithConstrt);

// Prepare the list of columns that will get the UNIQUE constraint.
// In this case, just the Extension column.
ColumnList[0].eKind = DBKIND_NAME;
ColumnList[0].uName.pwszName = L"Extension";

// Build the DBCONSTRAINTDESC structure needed to make the

// Add the new constraint

hr = pITbleDefWithConstrt->AddConstraint(&TableName, rgConstraintDescs);

Exit:

// When finished, clear the properties arrays and release interfaces.

// Uninitialize the environment.

Return;

See Also

Understanding SQL Server CE Database Objects

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Transactions (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Because the use of transactions in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) differs somewhat from that of Microsoft SQL Server, it is important to keep in mind the
following provider-specific issues:

● The ITransactionJoin interface is not supported because this interface requires that a provider be able to support two-phased commit transactions.
● When a maximum of five levels of transaction nesting have been reached, StartTransaction returns an error indicating that no further transactions can be started.
● The transaction isolation level, set by the DBPROP_SUPPORTEDTXNISOLEVELS property is always DBPROPVAL_TI_READCOMMITTED because SQL Server CE supports only the "Read Committed" isolation level. Attempting to specify a higher transaction isolation level
causes StartTransaction to fail.

SQL Server CE holds an exclusive lock on a table that has been altered in a transaction until that transaction completes, which means that the value of DBPROP_SUPPORTEDTXNDDL
property is always DBPROPVAL_TC_ALL.

For more information, see Using Transactions.

Examples

The following example that shows how to create and execute a transaction using the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE is taken from the Employees.cpp file in the NorthwindOLEDB sample that
ships with SQL Server CE. The example contains only the transaction related portions of the InsertEmployeeInfo function.

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The following steps have been removed from this sample. For the
// complete code, see the Employee.cpp file.
// 1) Verify that IDBCreateSession exists on the datasource.
// 2) Create a session object.
// 3) Set up information necessary to open a table using an index.
// 4) Set the binding properties and create the accessor.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Begins a new local transaction to insert employee data

hr = pITxnLocal->StartTransaction(ISOLATIONLEVEL_READCOMMITTED | ISOLATIONLEVEL_CURSORSTABILITY, 0, NULL, NULL);
// Error handling for failed creation of the transaction
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The code to prepare the sample data to insert has been removed.
// See the original source file Employee.cpp for the complete method.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

hr = pIRowsetChange->InsertRow(DB_NULL_HCHAPTER, hAccessor, pData, prghRows);

// Error handling that aborts the transaction on failure
if (FAILED(hr))
{
goto Abort;
}

// Get the row data.

hr = pIRowset->GetData(rghRows[0], hAccessor, pData);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Abort;
}

// Check the status.

if (DBSTATUS_S_OK != *(DBSTATUS*)(pData+prgBinding[dwPhotoCol].obStatus))
{
hr = E_FAIL;
pIRowset->ReleaseRows(1, prghRows, NULL, NULL, NULL);
goto Abort;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The complete sample performs a transactional task here.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Commit the transaction using ITransactionLocal::Commit

// to insert the data.
if (pITxnLocal)
{
pITxnLocal->Commit(FALSE, XACTTC_SYNC, 0);
}

goto Exit;

// Calling goto Abort uses the ITransactionLocal::Abort

// to cancel the transaction.

Abort:
// Cancel the transaction.
if (pITxnLocal)
{
pITxnLocal->Abort(NULL, FALSE, FALSE);
}

Exit:
// Release the resources.

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Programming OLE DB Applications for SQL Server CE
Advanced Search

SQL Server CE Books Online

Transactions
Transactions provide a mechanism to group a series of changes to a database in one atomic operation. A transaction is
started through ITransactionLocal::StartTransaction. After changes have been made to the database, these changes
can be committed (using ITransactionLocal::Commit) or aborted (using ITransactionLocal::Abort).
Up One Level
Data Source Objects Because the use of transactions in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) differs somewhat
Session Objects from that of Microsoft SQL Server, it is important to keep in mind the following provider-specific issues:

Commands
Rowsets ●

●
The ITransactionJoin interface is not supported because this interface requires that a provider be able to support two-phased commit transactions.
When a maximum of five levels of transaction nesting have been reached, StartTransaction returns an error indicating that no further transactions can be
started.

Cursors ● The transaction isolation level, set by the DBPROP_SUPPORTEDTXNISOLEVELS property is always DBPROPVAL_TI_READCOMMITTED because SQL Server CE
supports only the "Read Committed" isolation level. Attempting to specify a higher transaction isolation level causes StartTransaction to fail.

Indexes
Parameters SQL Server CE holds an exclusive lock on a table that has been altered in a transaction until that transaction
completes, which means that the value of DBPROP_SUPPORTEDTXNDDL property is always DBPROPVAL_TC_ALL.
Constraints
Transactions For more information, see Using Transactions.

Data Types Supported in SQL Server CE

Managing Database Objects Examples
Using SQL Server CE-specific Interfaces
The following example that shows how to create and execute a transaction using the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE is
taken from the Employees.cpp file in the NorthwindOLEDB sample that ships with SQL Server CE. The example contains
only the transaction related portions of the InsertEmployeeInfo function.

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The following steps have been removed from this sample. For the
// complete code, see the Employee.cpp file.
// 1) Verify that IDBCreateSession exists on the datasource.
// 2) Create a session object.
// 3) Set up information necessary to open a table using an index.
// 4) Set the binding properties and create the accessor.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// Begins a new local transaction to insert employee data

hr = pITxnLocal->StartTransaction(ISOLATIONLEVEL_READCOMMITTED | ISOLATIONLEVEL_CURSORSTABILITY, 0, NULL,
NULL);
// Error handling for failed creation of the transaction
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The code to prepare the sample data to insert has been removed.
// See the original source file Employee.cpp for the complete method.
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

hr = pIRowsetChange->InsertRow(DB_NULL_HCHAPTER, hAccessor, pData, prghRows);

// Error handling that aborts the transaction on failure
if (FAILED(hr))
{
goto Abort;
}

// Get the row data.

hr = pIRowset->GetData(rghRows[0], hAccessor, pData);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Abort;
}

// Check the status.

if (DBSTATUS_S_OK != *(DBSTATUS*)(pData+prgBinding[dwPhotoCol].obStatus))
{
hr = E_FAIL;
pIRowset->ReleaseRows(1, prghRows, NULL, NULL, NULL);
goto Abort;
}

// Commit the transaction using ITransactionLocal::Commit

// to insert the data.
if (pITxnLocal)
{
pITxnLocal->Commit(FALSE, XACTTC_SYNC, 0);
}

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goto Exit;

// Calling goto Abort uses the ITransactionLocal::Abort

// to cancel the transaction.

Abort:
// Cancel the transaction.
if (pITxnLocal)
{
pITxnLocal->Abort(NULL, FALSE, FALSE);
}

Exit:
// Release the resources.

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MSDN Library Go
Advanced Search SQL Server CE Books Online

Data Types Supported in SQL Server CE

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) contains a subset of data types that are upwardly compatible with SQL Server; however,
there are some differences:

Not all data types in SQL Server are supported in SQL Server CE. For example, non-Unicode text columns (varchar, char, text) and smallmoney are not supported; although nvarchar, nchar, ntext, and money are
Up One Level
●

supported.
● The maximum sizes of variable-length columns differ between SQL Server and SQL Server CE. SQL Server supports variable-length nvarchar and varbinary types up to 8,000 bytes long, and SQL Server CE supports a
maximum size of 510 bytes. If necessary, the appropriate larger types (ntext and image) can be used to store more data in a column. For more information, see Working with Large Data Types.
SQL Server CE Data Type Mapping from ADOX
Working with Large Data Types For generically exposed type information about the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE, see the PROVIDER_TYPES schema rowset in SQL Server CE Schema
Rowsets.

The following table shows the mapping of native data types in SQL Server CE to the standard OLE DB data types, including any related properties and limitations.
For a table showing the data type mapping between SQL Server CE and Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects Extensions (ADOX), see SQL Server CE Data Type
Mapping from ADOX.

SQL Server CE data type OLE DB data type OLE DB properties SQL Server CE specifics
bigint DBTYPE_I8

binary DBTYPE_BYTES DBPROP_COL_FIXEDLENGTH = VARIANT_TRUE

bit DBTYPE_BOOL

datetime DBTYPE_DBTIMESTAMP Valid year range 1753-9999; valid second range 0-59

float DBTYPE_R8

image DBTYPE_BYTES

integer DBTYPE_I4

money DBTYPE_CY

national character DBTYPE_WSTR DBPROP_COL_FIXEDLENGTH = VARIANT_TRUE

national character varying DBTYPE_WSTR DBPROP_COL_FIXEDLENGTH = VARIANT_FALSE

ntext DBTYPE_WSTR

numeric DBTYPE_NUMERIC

real DBTYPE_R4

smallint DBTYPE_I2

uniqueidentifier DBTYPE_GUID

tinyint DBTYPE_UI1

varbinary DBTYPE_BYTES DBPROP_COL_FIXEDLENGTH = VARIANT_FALSE

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SQL Server CE Data Type Mapping from ADOX (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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SQL Server CE

SQL Server CE Books Online

SQL Server CE Data Type Mapping from ADOX

The following table shows the data type mapping between Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) and Microsoft ActiveX® Data
Objects Extensions (ADOX).

ADOX data type SQL Server CE data type Notes

adSmallInt smallint

adInteger integer

adSingle real

adDouble float

adCurrency money

adBoolean bit

adUnsignedTinyInt tinyint

adBigInt bigint

adGUID uniqueidentifier

adVarBinary varbinary

adBinary binary

adVarWChar nvarchar The size of this column must be specified.

adWChar nchar The size of this column must be specified.

adNumeric numeric The precision must be specified.

adDBTimestamp datetime

adLongVarBinary image

adLongVarWChar ntext

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MSDN Library Go Supported in SQL Server CE

Advanced Search
SQL Server CE Books Online

SQL Server CE Data Type Mapping from ADOX

The following table shows the data type mapping between Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) and Microsoft ActiveX® Data
Objects Extensions (ADOX).

Up One Level
ADOX data type SQL Server CE data type Notes
SQL Server CE Data Type Mapping from ADOX adSmallInt smallint

Working with Large Data Types adInteger integer

adSingle real

adDouble float

adCurrency money

adBoolean bit

adUnsignedTinyInt tinyint

adBigInt bigint

adGUID uniqueidentifier

adVarBinary varbinary

adBinary binary

adVarWChar nvarchar The size of this column must be specified.

adWChar nchar The size of this column must be specified.

adNumeric numeric The precision must be specified.

adDBTimestamp datetime

adLongVarBinary image

adLongVarWChar ntext

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Supported in SQL Server CE

SQL Server CE Books Online

Working with Large Data Types

The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE supports the ISequentialStream and ILockBytes interfaces for accessing large data values in the provider in
pieces. ISequentialStream allows clients to read parts of a long-value column in a sequential, forward-only manner, and ILockBytes can access data in
a random fashion. By using these structured storage interfaces to access arbitrarily large data values (image and ntext data types), you can avoid
potential errors caused by the system trying to read the value into memory in one complete piece.

Examples

The following example shows how to use the ILockBytes::ReadAt method to retrieve binary large object (BLOB) data. This example reads image data
from the Photo column of the Employees table in the Northwind sample database.

// Declarations
HRESULT hr;
DBBINDING rgBindings[1];
DBPROP dbprop[1];
DBPROPSET dbpropset[1];
DBOBJECT dbObject;
BYTE pData[100]; //buffer for holding the ILockBytes pointer
HROW rghRows[1]; // Array of row handles obtained from the rowset object
HROW *prghRows = rghRows;
BYTE pBuffer[1000]; //Buffer for holding a chunck of BLOB data
ULARGE_INTEGER ulOffset;
ULONG cRows = 0;
IDBInitialize *pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBProperties *pIDBProperties = NULL;
IDBCreateSession *pIDBCreateSession = NULL;
IDBCreateCommand *pIDBCreateCommand = NULL;
ICommandText *pICommandText = NULL;
IAccessor *pIAccessor = NULL;
IRowset *pIRowset = NULL;
ILockBytes *pILockBytes = NULL;
HACCESSOR hAccessor = DB_NULL_HACCESSOR;

if (FAILED(hr = CoInitialize(NULL)))
{
return;
}

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);

// Create an instance of the OLE DB Provider

hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SQLSERVERCE_2_0, 0, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IDBInitialize, (void**)&pIDBInitialize);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
//Send error-specific message and do error handling
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize a property with name of the database

// Initialize the property set

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

//Set initialization properties.

hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,
(void **)&pIDBProperties);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;

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Working with Large Data Types (SQL Server CE Books Online)

// Sets properties in the data source and initialization property groups

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(1, dbpropset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initializes a data source object

hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Get the IDBCreateSession interface

hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBCreateSession,
(void**)&pIDBCreateSession);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send error-specific message and do error handling
goto Exit;
}
// Get the interface to create a command
hr = pIDBCreateSession->CreateSession(NULL, IID_IDBCreateCommand,
(IUnknown**) &pIDBCreateCommand);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Create the new command that uses parameters.

hr = pIDBCreateCommand->CreateCommand(NULL, IID_ICommandText, (IUnknown**) &pICommandText);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Specify the command text using parameter markers in the query syntax.
// We know that this command will return 1 row and one image column (Photo).
hr = pICommandText->SetCommandText(DBGUID_DBSQL, L"SELECT Photo FROM Employees WHERE \"Employee ID\" = 2");
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

hr = pICommandText->Execute(NULL, IID_IRowset, NULL, NULL, (IUnknown**) &pIRowset);

if(FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Create the acessor object and column specific bindings.

hr = pIRowset->QueryInterface(IID_IAccessor, (void**) &pIAccessor);

if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Create the bindings for the photo (BLOB) column

dbObject.dwFlags = STGM_READ;
dbObject.iid = IID_ILockBytes;
rgBindings[0].iOrdinal = 1;
rgBindings[0].obStatus = 0;
rgBindings[0].obLength = rgBindings[0].obStatus + sizeof(DBSTATUS);
rgBindings[0].obValue = rgBindings[0].obLength + sizeof(ULONG);
rgBindings[0].pTypeInfo = NULL;
rgBindings[0].pObject = &dbObject;
rgBindings[0].pBindExt = NULL;
rgBindings[0].dwPart = DBPART_VALUE | DBPART_LENGTH | DBPART_STATUS;
rgBindings[0].dwMemOwner = DBMEMOWNER_CLIENTOWNED;
rgBindings[0].eParamIO = DBPARAMIO_NOTPARAM;
rgBindings[0].cbMaxLen = sizeof(IUnknown*);
rgBindings[0].dwFlags = 0;
rgBindings[0].wType = DBTYPE_IUNKNOWN;
rgBindings[0].bPrecision = 0;
rgBindings[0].bScale = 0;

// Create accessor.
hr = pIAccessor->CreateAccessor(DBACCESSOR_ROWDATA, 1, rgBindings,
0, &hAccessor, NULL);
if(FAILED(hr))

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Working with Large Data Types (SQL Server CE Books Online)

{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

//Get the first row

hr = pIRowset->GetNextRows(NULL, 0, 1, &cRows, &prghRows);
if(FAILED(hr) || (0 == cRows))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

//Get the ILockBytes pointer

hr = pIRowset->GetData(rghRows[0], hAccessor, pData);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

if(DBSTATUS_S_OK != (DBSTATUS)(pData + rgBindings[0].obStatus))

{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Get the ILockBytes pointer from the buffer.

pILockBytes = *(ILockBytes**)(pData + rgBindings[0].obValue);

// Initialize Offset.
ulOffset.QuadPart = 0;

// Retrieve data from the interface in chunks.

// The infinite loop, for(;;), will terminate when the ReadAt call fails
// or if less bytes are returned than were requested.
for(;;)

ULONG cbRead;

// Read data at the specified offset

hr = pILockBytes->ReadAt(ulOffset, pBuffer, sizeof(pBuffer)-sizeof(WCHAR),
&cbRead);

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Do some useful things here with the chunks of data
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

if(cbRead < sizeof(pBuffer)-sizeof(WCHAR) || FAILED(hr)) break;

ulOffset.QuadPart += cbRead;
}

//If more rows need to be read, then release the ILockBytes pointer and
// row handle here

Exit:

// When finished, clear the properties arrays and release interfaces.

// Uninitialize the environment.

return;

See Also

Data Types

ILockBytes

Data Types Supported in SQL Server CE

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MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL Server > SQL Server 2000
MSDN Library Go Windows CE Edition > Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 > Building Applications > OLE DB and SQL Server CE >
Programming OLE DB Applications for SQL Server CE > Data Types Supported in SQL Server CE
Advanced Search

SQL Server CE Books Online

Working with Large Data Types

The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE supports the ISequentialStream and ILockBytes interfaces for accessing
large data values in the provider in pieces. ISequentialStream allows clients to read parts of a long-value column in a
sequential, forward-only manner, and ILockBytes can access data in a random fashion. By using these structured
Up One Level storage interfaces to access arbitrarily large data values (image and ntext data types), you can avoid potential errors
caused by the system trying to read the value into memory in one complete piece.
SQL Server CE Data Type Mapping from ADOX
Working with Large Data Types
Examples

The following example shows how to use the ILockBytes::ReadAt method to retrieve binary large object (BLOB) data.
This example reads image data from the Photo column of the Employees table in the Northwind sample database.

if (FAILED(hr = CoInitialize(NULL)))
{
return;
}

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);

// Create an instance of the OLE DB Provider

hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SQLSERVERCE_2_0, 0, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IDBInitialize, (void**)&pIDBInitialize);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
//Send error-specific message and do error handling
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize a property with name of the database

// Initialize the property set

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

//Set initialization properties.

hr = pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,
(void **)&pIDBProperties);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Sets properties in the data source and initialization property groups

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(1, dbpropset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initializes a data source object

hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

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// Get the IDBCreateSession interface

// Create the new command that uses parameters.

hr = pIDBCreateCommand->CreateCommand(NULL, IID_ICommandText, (IUnknown**) &pICommandText);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

hr = pICommandText->Execute(NULL, IID_IRowset, NULL, NULL, (IUnknown**) &pIRowset);

if(FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Create the acessor object and column specific bindings.

hr = pIRowset->QueryInterface(IID_IAccessor, (void**) &pIAccessor);

if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Create the bindings for the photo (BLOB) column

// Create accessor.
hr = pIAccessor->CreateAccessor(DBACCESSOR_ROWDATA, 1, rgBindings,
0, &hAccessor, NULL);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

//Get the first row

hr = pIRowset->GetNextRows(NULL, 0, 1, &cRows, &prghRows);
if(FAILED(hr) || (0 == cRows))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

//Get the ILockBytes pointer

hr = pIRowset->GetData(rghRows[0], hAccessor, pData);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

if(DBSTATUS_S_OK != (DBSTATUS)(pData + rgBindings[0].obStatus))

{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Get the ILockBytes pointer from the buffer.

pILockBytes = *(ILockBytes**)(pData + rgBindings[0].obValue);

// Initialize Offset.
ulOffset.QuadPart = 0;

// Retrieve data from the interface in chunks.

// The infinite loop, for(;;), will terminate when the ReadAt call fails
// or if less bytes are returned than were requested.
for(;;)

ULONG cbRead;

// Read data at the specified offset

hr = pILockBytes->ReadAt(ulOffset, pBuffer, sizeof(pBuffer)-sizeof(WCHAR),
&cbRead);

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if(cbRead < sizeof(pBuffer)-sizeof(WCHAR) || FAILED(hr)) break;

ulOffset.QuadPart += cbRead;
}

//If more rows need to be read, then release the ILockBytes pointer and
// row handle here

Exit:

// When finished, clear the properties arrays and release interfaces.

// Uninitialize the environment.

return;

See Also

Data Types

ILockBytes

Data Types Supported in SQL Server CE

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Managing Database Objects (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Managing Database Objects

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) requires that objects be opened exclusively to modify those objects. All
ITableDefinition methods open tables for exclusive access. If another method already has the table open, the ITableDefinition method call fails. For
example, if a user attempted to add a column to a table by using ITableDefinition::AddColumn while a cursor was open on that table, the attempt to
modify the definition of the column would fail with a locking error. It is recommended that you be aware of locking issues when designing your application,
particularly when using transactions. For more information, see Using Transactions.

Some information about columns can also be modified using IAlterTable::AlterColumn. Because columns have more items that could potentially be
modified, the DBPROP_ALTERCOLUMN property describes the portions of the DBCOLUMNDESC structure defining the column that can be modified.
However, even if the provider supports modifying properties, this does not imply that all properties can be modified. The following properties can be
modified through the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE:

● DBPROP_COL_DEFAULT
● DBPROP_COL_SEED (only on identity columns)
● DBPROP_COL_INCREMENT (only on identity columns)

See Also

SQL Server CE-specific OLE DB Properties

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MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL
MSDN Library Go Server > SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 >
Building Applications > OLE DB and SQL Server CE > Programming OLE DB Applications for SQL Server
Advanced Search CE

SQL Server CE Books Online

Managing Database Objects

Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) requires that objects
be opened exclusively to modify those objects. All ITableDefinition methods open tables
Up One Level for exclusive access. If another method already has the table open, the ITableDefinition
method call fails. For example, if a user attempted to add a column to a table by using
Data Source Objects ITableDefinition::AddColumn while a cursor was open on that table, the attempt to
modify the definition of the column would fail with a locking error. It is recommended that
Session Objects you be aware of locking issues when designing your application, particularly when using
transactions. For more information, see Using Transactions.
Commands
Rowsets
Some information about columns can also be modified using IAlterTable::AlterColumn.
Cursors Because columns have more items that could potentially be modified, the
DBPROP_ALTERCOLUMN property describes the portions of the DBCOLUMNDESC structure
Indexes defining the column that can be modified. However, even if the provider supports modifying
properties, this does not imply that all properties can be modified. The following properties
Parameters can be modified through the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE:

Constraints
Transactions ●

●
DBPROP_COL_DEFAULT
DBPROP_COL_SEED (only on identity columns)

Data Types Supported in SQL Server CE ● DBPROP_COL_INCREMENT (only on identity columns)

Managing Database Objects

Using SQL Server CE-specific Interfaces See Also

SQL Server CE-specific OLE DB Properties

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Advanced Search CE

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using SQL Server CE-specific

Interfaces
Up One Level
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) exposes two provider-
Using ISSCECompact specific interfaces: ISSCECompact and IRowsetPosition. The following topics describe
how to use these interfaces:
Using IRowsetPosition
● Using ISSCECompact
● Using IRowsetPosition

For a complete programming reference for these interfaces, see ISSCECompact and
IRowsetPosition.

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Using ISSCECompact (SQL Server CE Books Online)

MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL Server > SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft
SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 > Building Applications > OLE DB and SQL Server CE > Programming OLE DB Applications for SQL Server CE > Using SQL
Server CE-specific Interfaces

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using ISSCECompact
The ISSCECompact interface is used to compact databases. Compaction of SQL Server CE databases is essential to maintain good performance, and
users should compact SQL Server CE databases regularly.

Note Although a data source can be initialized prior to compacting, initialization is not a requirement, because the initialization of
corrupt databases is likely to fail. Also, compacting requires that no sessions exist against the database. For more information, see
Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases.

Compacting the database also provides an opportunity to manage global database settings, such as sort orders, the database password, or the use of
encryption. You can change the password and encryption properties by specifying the necessary provider-specific properties:
DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD and DBPROP_SSCE_ENCRYPTDATABASE. For more information about using these properties, see Creating Databases.

When the DBPROP_INIT_LCID property is used to change the LCID value and define a new collation at Data Source object initialization, the new sort order
is applied when the Compact method is executed. For more information, see ISSCECompact and Initialization Properties.

Examples

The following example shows how to use ISSCECompact::Compact to compact the Northwind database:

// Object declarations
HRESULT hr = NOERROR;
DBPROPSET dbpropset[1];
DBPROP dbprop[1];

// Declare the provider interfaces.

IDBProperties * pIDBProperties = NULL;
ISSCECompact * pISSCECompact = NULL;

// Create an instance of the OLE DB Provider.

hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SQLSERVERCE_2_0, 0, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
IID_IDBProperties, (void**) &pIDBProperties);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize property structures

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);

// Initialize Property with name of database.

dbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
dbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"Northwind.sdf");
if(NULL == dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize the property set.

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

// Set the database properties.

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(sizeof(dbpropset)/sizeof(dbpropset[0]),
dbpropset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Get the ISSCECompact interface.

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Using ISSCECompact (SQL Server CE Books Online)

hr = pIDBProperties->QueryInterface(IID_ISSCECompact, (void **)

&pISSCECompact);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}
// Compact the database using the provider-specific interface.
// The data source does not need to be initialized before compacting.
hr = pISSCECompact->Compact(sizeof(dbpropset)/sizeof(dbpropset[0]),
dbpropset);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}
Exit:

// When finished, clear the properties arrays and release interfaces.

// Uninitialize the environment.

return;

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Building Applications > OLE DB and SQL Server CE > Programming OLE DB Applications for SQL Server
Advanced Search CE > Using SQL Server CE-specific Interfaces

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using ISSCECompact
The ISSCECompact interface is used to compact databases. Compaction of SQL Server CE
databases is essential to maintain good performance, and users should compact SQL Server
Up One Level CE databases regularly.

Using ISSCECompact
Using IRowsetPosition Note Although a data source can be initialized prior to compacting,
initialization is not a requirement, because the initialization of corrupt
databases is likely to fail. Also, compacting requires that no sessions
exist against the database. For more information, see Maintaining
SQL Server CE Databases.

Compacting the database also provides an opportunity to manage global database settings,
such as sort orders, the database password, or the use of encryption. You can change the
password and encryption properties by specifying the necessary provider-specific
properties: DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD and DBPROP_SSCE_ENCRYPTDATABASE. For
more information about using these properties, see Creating Databases.

When the DBPROP_INIT_LCID property is used to change the LCID value and define a new
collation at Data Source object initialization, the new sort order is applied when the
Compact method is executed. For more information, see ISSCECompact and Initialization
Properties.

Examples

The following example shows how to use ISSCECompact::Compact to compact the

Northwind database:

// Object declarations
HRESULT hr = NOERROR;
DBPROPSET dbpropset[1];
DBPROP dbprop[1];

// Declare the provider interfaces.

IDBProperties * pIDBProperties = NULL;
ISSCECompact * pISSCECompact = NULL;

// Create an instance of the OLE DB Provider.

// Initialize property structures

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);

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// Initialize Property with name of database.

dbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
dbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"Northwind.sdf");
if(NULL == dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal)
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize the property set.

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

// Set the database properties.

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(sizeof(dbpropset)/sizeof(dbpropset[0]),
dbpropset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Get the ISSCECompact interface.

hr = pIDBProperties->QueryInterface(IID_ISSCECompact, (void **)
&pISSCECompact);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}
// Compact the database using the provider-specific interface.
// The data source does not need to be initialized before compacting.
hr = pISSCECompact->Compact(sizeof(dbpropset)/sizeof(dbpropset[0]),
dbpropset);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}
Exit:

// When finished, clear the properties arrays and release interfaces.

// Uninitialize the environment.

return;

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Using IRowsetPosition (SQL Server CE Books Online)

MSDN Home > MSDN Library > Enterprise Development > Windows Server System > Microsoft SQL Server > SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition > Microsoft
SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition 2.0 > Building Applications > OLE DB and SQL Server CE > Programming OLE DB Applications for SQL Server CE > Using SQL
Server CE-specific Interfaces

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using IRowsetPosition
The IRowsetPosition interface is an interface that is specific to the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE. The GetRecordCount and GetCurrentPosition
methods on this interface are used to obtain information about the current position of the cursor in the recordset. For more information, see
IRowsetPosition.

Examples

The following example shows using IRowsetPosition::GetRecordCount to count the number of rows in the rowset that is returned when "SELECT *
FROM Employees" is executed against the Northwind database:

//Declarations
HRESULT hr = NOERROR;
DBPROPSET dbpropset[1];
DBPROP dbprop[1];
DBPROPSET rowsetpropset[1];
DBPROP rowsetprop[2];
ULONG cbRecordCount;

// Provider interfaces
IDBProperties * pIDBProperties = NULL;
IDBInitialize * pIDBInitialize = NULL;
IDBCreateSession * pIDBCreateSession = NULL;
IRowsetPosition * pIRowsetPos = NULL;
ICommandProperties * pICmdProps = NULL;
IDBCreateCommand * pIDBCrtCmd = NULL;
ICommandText * pICmdText = NULL;
IRowset * pIRowset = NULL;

// Initialize the environment.

// Initialize property structures

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);

// Initialize the property with the name of database.

dbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
dbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"\\Windows\\Northwind.sdf");
if(!(dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal))
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize the property set.

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;
dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

// Set the properties into the provider's data source object.

pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,(void**)&pIDBProperties);

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(sizeof(dbpropset)/sizeof(dbpropset[0]),
dbpropset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize the data source.

hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

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Using IRowsetPosition (SQL Server CE Books Online)

// Create the Session and Command objects.

hr = pIDBProperties->QueryInterface(IID_IDBCreateSession, (void **)
&pIDBCreateSession);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

hr = pIDBCreateSession->CreateSession(NULL, IID_IDBCreateCommand,
(IUnknown**) &pIDBCrtCmd);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}
hr = pIDBCrtCmd->CreateCommand(NULL, IID_ICommandText, (IUnknown**)
&pICmdText);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Request the ability to use the IRowsetPosition interface.

rowsetpropset[0].cProperties = 1;
rowsetpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_ROWSET;
rowsetpropset[0].rgProperties = rowsetprop;

rowsetprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_CANFETCHBACKWARDS;
rowsetprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
rowsetprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BOOL;
rowsetprop[0].vValue.boolVal = VARIANT_TRUE;

// Set the query text for the command.

hr = pICmdText->SetCommandText(DBGUID_SQL, L"Select * from Employees");
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

hr = pICmdText->QueryInterface(IID_ICommandProperties, (void**) &pICmdProps);

if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}
hr = pICmdProps->SetProperties(1, rowsetpropset);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Creates an IRowsetPosition object for the returned rowset.

hr = pICmdText->Execute(NULL, IID_IRowsetPosition, NULL, NULL,
(IUnknown**)&pIRowsetPos);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
} // Get a count of the number or rows returned in the rowset.

hr = pIRowsetPos->GetRecordCount(DB_NULL_HCHAPTER, &cbRecordCount);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Do something here with the aquired row count information.

Exit:

// When finished, clear the properties arrays, release

// the interfaces and uninitialize the environment.

return;

See Also

Provider-specific Properties

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Using IRowsetPosition (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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Advanced Search CE > Using SQL Server CE-specific Interfaces

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using IRowsetPosition
The IRowsetPosition interface is an interface that is specific to the OLE DB Provider for
SQL Server CE. The GetRecordCount and GetCurrentPosition methods on this interface
Up One Level are used to obtain information about the current position of the cursor in the recordset. For
more information, see IRowsetPosition.
Using ISSCECompact
Using IRowsetPosition
Examples

The following example shows using IRowsetPosition::GetRecordCount to count the

number of rows in the rowset that is returned when "SELECT * FROM Employees" is
executed against the Northwind database:

//Declarations
HRESULT hr = NOERROR;
DBPROPSET dbpropset[1];
DBPROP dbprop[1];
DBPROPSET rowsetpropset[1];
DBPROP rowsetprop[2];
ULONG cbRecordCount;

// Initialize the environment.

// Initialize property structures

VariantInit(&dbprop[0].vValue);

// Initialize the property with the name of database.

dbprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE;
dbprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
dbprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BSTR;
dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal = SysAllocString(L"\\Windows\\Northwind.sdf");
if(!(dbprop[0].vValue.bstrVal))
{
hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize the property set.

dbpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_DBINIT;

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dbpropset[0].rgProperties = dbprop;
dbpropset[0].cProperties = sizeof(dbprop)/sizeof(dbprop[0]);

// Set the properties into the provider's data source object.

pIDBInitialize->QueryInterface(IID_IDBProperties,(void**)&pIDBProperties);

hr = pIDBProperties->SetProperties(sizeof(dbpropset)/sizeof(dbpropset[0]),
dbpropset);
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Initialize the data source.

hr = pIDBInitialize->Initialize();
if(FAILED(hr))
{
goto Exit;
}

// Create the Session and Command objects.

hr = pIDBProperties->QueryInterface(IID_IDBCreateSession, (void **)
&pIDBCreateSession);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

// Request the ability to use the IRowsetPosition interface.

rowsetpropset[0].cProperties = 1;
rowsetpropset[0].guidPropertySet = DBPROPSET_ROWSET;
rowsetpropset[0].rgProperties = rowsetprop;

rowsetprop[0].dwPropertyID = DBPROP_CANFETCHBACKWARDS;
rowsetprop[0].dwOptions = DBPROPOPTIONS_REQUIRED;
rowsetprop[0].vValue.vt = VT_BOOL;
rowsetprop[0].vValue.boolVal = VARIANT_TRUE;

// Set the query text for the command.

hr = pICmdText->SetCommandText(DBGUID_SQL, L"Select * from Employees");
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

hr = pICmdText->QueryInterface(IID_ICommandProperties, (void**) &pICmdProps);

// Creates an IRowsetPosition object for the returned rowset.

hr = pIRowsetPos->GetRecordCount(DB_NULL_HCHAPTER, &cbRecordCount);
if (FAILED(hr))
{
//Send an error-specific message and do error handling.
goto Exit;
}

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// Do something here with the aquired row count information.

Exit:

// When finished, clear the properties arrays, release

// the interfaces and uninitialize the environment.

return;

See Also

Provider-specific Properties

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SQL Server CE Books Online

OLE DB for SQL Server CE Programmer's Reference

This reference supplements the Microsoft® OLE DB documentation that ships with the
Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) SDK and is available in the MSDN® Library at
this Microsoft Web site. The purpose of this reference is to fully document any provider-
specific interfaces, properties, and data types; as well as highlight any differences between
Up One Level the OLE DB Provider for Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE)
and the core OLE DB specifications.
Implemented OLE DB Interfaces
SQL Server CE Schema Rowsets The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE is an OLE DB version 2.5-compliant provider.
SQL Server CE-specific OLE DB Properties
This section includes the following main reference topics:

● Implemented OLE DB Interfaces

● SQL Server CE Schema Rowsets
● SQL Server CE-specific OLE DB Properties

For more information about programming against the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE,
see Programming OLE DB Applications for SQL Server CE.

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Implemented OLE DB Interfaces

The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE implements the following OLE DB interfaces that are specific to Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition 2.0
(SQL Server CE):

ISSCECompact
Up One Level
●

● IRowsetPosition
ILockBytes
Differences in SQL Server CE-supported OLE DB Interfaces
●

ISSCECompact In addition, the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE supports the core OLE DB interfaces shown in the following table. For more information about the differences
between the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE and the generic OLE DB interfaces, see Differences in SQL Server CE-supported OLE DB Interfaces.
IRowsetPosition
ILockBytes
Fully implemented Implemented with differences
IColumnsInfo IAccessor

ICommand IAlterIndex

ICommandPrepare IAlterTable

ICommandProperties IDBDataSourceAdmin

ICommandText IOpenRowset

ICommandWithParameters IRowsetCurrentIndex

IConvertType ITransactionLocal

IDBCreateCommand

IDBCreateSession

IDBInfo

IDBInitialize

IDBProperties

IDBSchemaRowset

IGetDataSource

IIndexDefinition

IRowset

IRowsetBookmark

IRowsetChange

IRowsetIndex

IRowsetInfo

IRowsetUpdate

ISequentialStream

ISessionProperties

ISupportErrorInfo

ITableCreation

ITableDefinition

ITableDefinitionWithConstraints

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Differences in SQL Server CE-supported OLE DB

Implemented interface Description of differences

IAccessor The SQL Server CE IAccessor::CreateAccessor method ignores the DBACCESSOR_OPTIMIZED flag. The
DBACCESSOR_OPTIMIZED flag has no effect on the performance of either row or parameter accessors because SQL
Server CE does not use an internal row cache. All accessors provide equally good performance; thus, there is no need
to optimize accessors performance.

IAlterIndex Only the name of an index that can be modified using IAlterIndex::AlterIndex.

IAlterTable SQL Server CE supports changing the seed of and incrementing an autoincrement column, but not changing a column
to or from autoincrement.

IAlterTable does not guarantee that you can modify every detail about a table. It provides the mechanism for a
provider to expose any table altering functionality that exists in a provider. As such, not every provider can modify the
same things about tables in their data stores. SQL Server CE supports changing the name of an existing table or
column as well as the DBPROP_COL_DEFAULT, DBPROP_COL_SEED, and DBPROP_COL_INCREMENT properties.

IDBDataSourceAdmin This interfaces is used to create a new database. The CreateDataSource and GetCreationProperties methods on
this interface are supported. Methods for modifying or deleting databases are not supported.

IOpenRowset This interface is used to open base tables and integrated indexes. This interface cannot be used to open views.

IRowsetCurrentIndex When attempting to change the current index through IRowsetCurrentIndex:

All accessor handles must be released.

All row handles must be released.

No pending changes should be outstanding

ITransactionLocal SQL Server CE only supports the Transaction Isolation Level "Read Committed". Attempting to specify a lower
Transaction Isolation Level is ignored and results in a Transaction Isolation Level of "Read Committed". Attempting to
specify a higher Transaction Isolation Level will cause StartTransaction to fail.

SQL Server CE supports only single-phase commit.

See Also

Implemented OLE DB Interfaces

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Differences in SQL Server CE-supported OLE DB

Interfaces
Some OLE DB interfaces used with Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) differ from the generic interfaces described in the OLE DB
specification. These differences are described in the following table.
Up One Level
Differences in SQL Server CE-supported OLE DB Interfaces
ISSCECompact Implemented interface Description of differences

IAccessor The SQL Server CE IAccessor::CreateAccessor method ignores the DBACCESSOR_OPTIMIZED flag. The
IRowsetPosition DBACCESSOR_OPTIMIZED flag has no effect on the performance of either row or parameter accessors because SQL
Server CE does not use an internal row cache. All accessors provide equally good performance; thus, there is no need
to optimize accessors performance.
ILockBytes IAlterIndex Only the name of an index that can be modified using IAlterIndex::AlterIndex.

IAlterTable SQL Server CE supports changing the seed of and incrementing an autoincrement column, but not changing a column
to or from autoincrement.

IOpenRowset This interface is used to open base tables and integrated indexes. This interface cannot be used to open views.

IRowsetCurrentIndex When attempting to change the current index through IRowsetCurrentIndex:

All accessor handles must be released.

All row handles must be released.

No pending changes should be outstanding

SQL Server CE supports only single-phase commit.

See Also

Implemented OLE DB Interfaces

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ISSCECompact
ISSCECompact is used to compact databases in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), perform database repair, and manage
compaction-related properties, such as database encryption.

Up One Level
ISSCECompact::Compact This interface is defined under the DataSource cotype in "Cotypes, Structures, and Enumerated Types" in the Microsoft OLE DB Programmer's Reference.

When to Implement

The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE implements ISSCECompact.

Method Description
Compact Compacts or repairs a database, creating a new copy.

See Also

ISSCECompact::Compact

Using ISSCECompact

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ISSCECompact::Compact (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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ISSCECompact::Compact
Compact compacts or repairs a database by creating a new database. The old database is retained and is unchanged.

Syntax

HRESULT ISSCECompact::Compact(
ULONG cPropertySets,
DBPROPSET rgPropertySets[ ]);

Parameters

cPropertySets
[in]
The number of DBPROPSET structures in rgPropertySets. If this is 0, the provider ignores rgPropertySets, and the method does nothing.
rgPropertySets
[in/out]
An array of DBPROPSET structures containing properties and values to be set. If the data source object or enumerator is uninitialized, the
properties specified in these structures must belong to the Initialization property group. If the data source object is initialized, the properties
must belong to the Data Source property group. If the enumerator is initialized, it is an error to call this method. If the same property is
specified more than once in rgPropertySets, the value used is provider-specific. If cPropertySets is 0, this parameter is ignored.

Return Codes

S_OK
The method succeeded.
E_INVALIDARG
cPropertySets was not equal to 0, and rgPropertySets was a null pointer. In an element of rgPropertySets, cProperties was not 0, and
rgProperties was a null pointer.
DB_E_OBJECTOPEN
The database cannot be opened exclusively.
DB_SEC_E_PERMISSIONDENIED
The user does not have sufficient rights to compact the database.
DB_E_DUPLICATEDATASOURCE
A destination database with the same name already exists.
DB_S_ERRORSOCCURRED
One or more properties were not set. Properties not in error remain set. The consumer checks dwStatus in the DBPROP structures to determine
which properties were not set. For the complete description of this return code, see "IDBProperties::SetProperties" in the Microsoft OLE DB
Programmer's Reference in the MSDN® Library at this Microsoft Web site.
E_FAIL
An error occurred during compaction.

Remarks

Compact removes extraneous space from a database by making a new copy of the database. Compact attempts to eliminate any corruption it finds while
creating the new database. The original database is left unchanged.

Before calling Compact, ensure that adequate space exists for the newly created database. Ensure that the database is not already open in write mode;
Compact fails if the database is already open in write mode. Although a data source can be initialized prior to compacting, initialization is not a
requirement as the initialization of a corrupt database is likely to fail. Also, compacting requires that no sessions exist against the database. For more
information, see Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases.

Compact determines the properties of the new database based on the properties of the existing database and the initialization properties passed to
Compact in the data source object. The caller need only set properties that are unique for the new database. Typically, only DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE
must be passed to Compact to specify the new name for the compacted database. Compact ignores any unneeded properties.

A database can be compacted in either encrypted or unencrypted form. This is controlled using the DBPROP_SSCE_ENCRYPTDATABASE (Boolean)

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ISSCECompact::Compact (SQL Server CE Books Online)

property. Note that encrypted databases must have a database password. The database password is specified by DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD.

See Also

ISSCECompact

Using ISSCECompact

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ISSCECompact::Compact
Compact compacts or repairs a database by creating a new database. The old database is
retained and is unchanged.
Up One Level
ISSCECompact::Compact
Syntax

HRESULT ISSCECompact::Compact(
ULONG cPropertySets,
DBPROPSET rgPropertySets[ ]);

Parameters

cPropertySets
[in]
The number of DBPROPSET structures in rgPropertySets. If this is 0, the
provider ignores rgPropertySets, and the method does nothing.
rgPropertySets
[in/out]
An array of DBPROPSET structures containing properties and values to be set. If
the data source object or enumerator is uninitialized, the properties specified in
these structures must belong to the Initialization property group. If the data
source object is initialized, the properties must belong to the Data Source
property group. If the enumerator is initialized, it is an error to call this method.
If the same property is specified more than once in rgPropertySets, the value
used is provider-specific. If cPropertySets is 0, this parameter is ignored.

Return Codes

S_OK
The method succeeded.
E_INVALIDARG
cPropertySets was not equal to 0, and rgPropertySets was a null pointer. In an
element of rgPropertySets, cProperties was not 0, and rgProperties was a null
pointer.
DB_E_OBJECTOPEN
The database cannot be opened exclusively.
DB_SEC_E_PERMISSIONDENIED
The user does not have sufficient rights to compact the database.
DB_E_DUPLICATEDATASOURCE
A destination database with the same name already exists.
DB_S_ERRORSOCCURRED
One or more properties were not set. Properties not in error remain set. The
consumer checks dwStatus in the DBPROP structures to determine which
properties were not set. For the complete description of this return code, see
"IDBProperties::SetProperties" in the Microsoft OLE DB Programmer's Reference
in the MSDN® Library at this Microsoft Web site.
E_FAIL
An error occurred during compaction.

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Remarks

Compact removes extraneous space from a database by making a new copy of the
database. Compact attempts to eliminate any corruption it finds while creating the new
database. The original database is left unchanged.

Before calling Compact, ensure that adequate space exists for the newly created database.
Ensure that the database is not already open in write mode; Compact fails if the database
is already open in write mode. Although a data source can be initialized prior to compacting,
initialization is not a requirement as the initialization of a corrupt database is likely to fail.
Also, compacting requires that no sessions exist against the database. For more
information, see Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases.

Compact determines the properties of the new database based on the properties of the
existing database and the initialization properties passed to Compact in the data source
object. The caller need only set properties that are unique for the new database. Typically,
only DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE must be passed to Compact to specify the new name for
the compacted database. Compact ignores any unneeded properties.

A database can be compacted in either encrypted or unencrypted form. This is controlled

using the DBPROP_SSCE_ENCRYPTDATABASE (Boolean) property. Note that encrypted
databases must have a database password. The database password is specified by
DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD.

See Also

ISSCECompact

Using ISSCECompact

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IRowsetPosition
IRowsetPosition is used to return exact row count and position information for the rowset. Because the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE does not support
IRowsetLocate or IRowsetScroll, this interface is used to expose row count and position information.

Up One Level Note This interface is supported only on scrollable cursors.

IRowsetPosition::GetRecordCount
IRowsetPosition::GetCurrentPosition
When to Implement

The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE implements IRowsetPosition.

Method Description
GetRecordCount Used to retrieve the number of rows in the current rowset.

GetCurrentPosition Gets the number of the current row.

See Also

IRowsetPosition::GetCurrentPosition

IRowsetPosition::GetRecordCount

Using IRowsetPosition

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IRowsetPosition::GetRecordCount (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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IRowsetPosition::GetRecordCount
GetRecordCount retrieves the number of rows in the current rowset.

Syntax

HRESULT IRowsetPosition::GetRecordCount(
ULONG * pcRows,
);

Parameters

pcRows
[in/out]
A pointer to an unsigned long value. This long value must be allocated by the client.

Return Codes

S_OK
The method succeeded.
E_INVALIDARG
pcRows was NULL.
E_UNEXPECTED
The rowset is in a zombied state.

Remarks

This is an exact count of the number of records in the rowset.

See Also

IRowsetPosition

IRowsetPosition::GetCurrentPosition

Using IRowsetPosition

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IRowsetPosition::GetRecordCount
GetRecordCount retrieves the number of rows in the current rowset.

Up One Level
IRowsetPosition::GetRecordCount Syntax
IRowsetPosition::GetCurrentPosition
HRESULT IRowsetPosition::GetRecordCount(
ULONG * pcRows,
);

Parameters

pcRows
[in/out]
A pointer to an unsigned long value. This long value must be allocated by the
client.

Return Codes

S_OK
The method succeeded.
E_INVALIDARG
pcRows was NULL.
E_UNEXPECTED
The rowset is in a zombied state.

Remarks

This is an exact count of the number of records in the rowset.

See Also

IRowsetPosition

IRowsetPosition::GetCurrentPosition

Using IRowsetPosition

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IRowsetPosition::GetCurrentPosition
GetCurrentPosition retrieves the number of the current row in the rowset.

Syntax

HRESULT IRowsetPosition::GetCurrentPosition (
ULONG * pulPosition,
);

Parameters

pulPosition
[in/out]
A pointer to an unsigned long value. This long must be allocated by the client.

Return Codes

S_OK
The method succeeded.
E_INVALIDARG
pulPosition was NULL.
E_UNEXPECTED
The rowset is in a zombied state.

Remarks

This returns the current location of the "next fetch position" in the rowset. The valid range is 1 to GetCurrentPosition. If there is no current row,
pulPosition is 0.

See Also

IRowsetPosition

IRowsetPosition::GetRecordCount

Using IRowsetPosition

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IRowsetPosition::GetCurrentPosition
GetCurrentPosition retrieves the number of the current row in the rowset.

Up One Level
IRowsetPosition::GetRecordCount Syntax
IRowsetPosition::GetCurrentPosition
HRESULT IRowsetPosition::GetCurrentPosition (
ULONG * pulPosition,
);

Parameters

pulPosition
[in/out]
A pointer to an unsigned long value. This long must be allocated by the client.

Return Codes

S_OK
The method succeeded.
E_INVALIDARG
pulPosition was NULL.
E_UNEXPECTED
The rowset is in a zombied state.

Remarks

This returns the current location of the "next fetch position" in the rowset. The valid range is 1 to
GetCurrentPosition. If there is no current row, pulPosition is 0.

See Also

IRowsetPosition

IRowsetPosition::GetRecordCount

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ILockBytes
ILockBytes is a structured storage interface used for accessing long text and long binary data.

Up One Level
Method Description
ILockBytes::ReadAt
ReadAt Reads a specified number of bytes starting at a specified offset from the beginning of the byte array.

ILockBytes::WriteAt WriteAt Writes a specified number of bytes to a specified location in the byte array.

ILockBytes::SetSize Flush Ensures that any internal buffers maintained by the byte array object are written out to the backing storage. Not supported in SQL Server CE.

SetSize Changes the size of the byte array.

ILockBytes::Stat LockRegion Restricts access to a specified range of bytes in the byte array. Not supported in SQL Server CE.

UnlockRegion Removes the access restriction on a range of bytes previously restricted with ILockBytes::LockRegion. Not supported in SQL Server CE.

Stat Retrieves a STATSTG structure for this byte array object.

See Also

ILockBytes::ReadAt

ILockBytes::SetSize

ILockBytes::Stat

ILockBytes::WriteAt

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ILockBytes::ReadAt (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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ILockBytes::ReadAt
ReadAt reads a specified number of bytes starting at a specified offset from the beginning of the byte array.

Syntax

HRESULT ReadAt(
ULARGE_INTEGER ulOffset,
void *pv,
ULONG cb,
ULONG *pcbRead);

Parameters

ulOffset

[in]
Specifies the starting point from the beginning of the byte array for reading data.

[in]
Pointer to the buffer into which the byte array is read.

[in]
Specifies the number of bytes of data to attempt to read from the byte array.

pcbRead

[out]
Pointer to a location where this method writes the actual number of bytes read from the byte array. You can set this pointer to NULL to indicate that you
are not interested in this value. In this case, this method does not provide the actual number of bytes that were read.

Return Codes

NOERROR

The method succeeded.

E_UNEXPECTED

Rowset is in a "zombied" state.

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ILockBytes::ReadAt (SQL Server CE Books Online)

STG_E_INVALIDPOINTER

A pointer that was passed was not valid.

Remarks

TBD

See Also

ILockBytes

ILockBytes::SetSize

ILockBytes::Stat

ILockBytes::WriteAt

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ILockBytes::ReadAt
ReadAt reads a specified number of bytes starting at a specified offset from the beginning
of the byte array.
Up One Level
ILockBytes::ReadAt
ILockBytes::WriteAt Syntax
ILockBytes::SetSize
HRESULT ReadAt(
ILockBytes::Stat ULARGE_INTEGER ulOffset,
void *pv,
ULONG cb,
ULONG *pcbRead);

Parameters

ulOffset

[in]
Specifies the starting point from the beginning of the byte array for reading data.

[in]
Pointer to the buffer into which the byte array is read.

[in]
Specifies the number of bytes of data to attempt to read from the byte array.

pcbRead

[out]
Pointer to a location where this method writes the actual number of bytes read from the
byte array. You can set this pointer to NULL to indicate that you are not interested in this
value. In this case, this method does not provide the actual number of bytes that were
read.

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Return Codes

NOERROR

The method succeeded.

E_UNEXPECTED

Rowset is in a "zombied" state.

STG_E_INVALIDPOINTER

A pointer that was passed was not valid.

Remarks

TBD

See Also

ILockBytes

ILockBytes::SetSize

ILockBytes::Stat

ILockBytes::WriteAt

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ILockBytes::WriteAt (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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ILockBytes::WriteAt
WriteAt writes the specified number of bytes starting at a specified offset from the beginning of the byte array.

Syntax

HRESULT WriteAt(
ULARGE_INTEGER uliOffset,
Void const *pData,
ULONG cbWrite,
ULONG *pcbWrote);

Parameters

uliOffset

[in]
Specifies the starting point from the beginning of the byte array for the data to be written.

pData

[in]
Pointer to the buffer containing the data to be written.

cbWrite

[in]
Specifies the number of bytes of data to attempt to write into the byte array.

pcbWrote

[out]
Pointer to a location where this method specifies the actual number of bytes written to the byte array. You can set this pointer to NULL to indicate that you
are not interested in this value. In this case, this method does not provide the actual number of bytes written.

Return Codes

NOERROR

The method succeeded.

E_UNEXPECTED

Rowset is in a "zombied" state.

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ILockBytes::WriteAt (SQL Server CE Books Online)

Remarks

TBD

See Also

ILockBytes

ILockBytes::ReadAt

ILockBytes::SetSize

ILockBytes::Stat

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ILockBytes::WriteAt
WriteAt writes the specified number of bytes starting at a specified offset from the
beginning of the byte array.
Up One Level
ILockBytes::ReadAt
ILockBytes::WriteAt Syntax
ILockBytes::SetSize
HRESULT WriteAt(
ILockBytes::Stat ULARGE_INTEGER uliOffset,
Void const *pData,
ULONG cbWrite,
ULONG *pcbWrote);

Parameters

uliOffset

[in]
Specifies the starting point from the beginning of the byte array for the data to be written.

pData

[in]
Pointer to the buffer containing the data to be written.

cbWrite

[in]
Specifies the number of bytes of data to attempt to write into the byte array.

pcbWrote

[out]
Pointer to a location where this method specifies the actual number of bytes written to the
byte array. You can set this pointer to NULL to indicate that you are not interested in this
value. In this case, this method does not provide the actual number of bytes written.

Return Codes

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NOERROR

The method succeeded.

E_UNEXPECTED

Rowset is in a "zombied" state.

Remarks

TBD

See Also

ILockBytes

ILockBytes::ReadAt

ILockBytes::SetSize

ILockBytes::Stat

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ILockBytes::SetSize (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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ILockBytes::SetSize
SetSize changes the size of the byte array.

Syntax

HRESULT SetSize(
ULARGE_INTEGER uliSize);

Parameters

uliSize

[in]
Specifies the new size of the byte array as a number of bytes.

Return Codes

NOERROR

The method succeeded.

E_UNEXPECTED

Rowset is in a "zombied" state.

Remarks

TBD

See Also

ILockBytes

ILockBytes::ReadAt

ILockBytes::Stat

ILockBytes::WriteAt

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ILockBytes::SetSize (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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ILockBytes::SetSize
SetSize changes the size of the byte array.

Up One Level
ILockBytes::ReadAt Syntax
ILockBytes::WriteAt
ILockBytes::SetSize HRESULT SetSize(
ULARGE_INTEGER uliSize);
ILockBytes::Stat

Parameters

uliSize

[in]
Specifies the new size of the byte array as a number of bytes.

Return Codes

NOERROR

The method succeeded.

E_UNEXPECTED

Rowset is in a "zombied" state.

Remarks

TBD

See Also

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ILockBytes

ILockBytes::ReadAt

ILockBytes::Stat

ILockBytes::WriteAt

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ILockBytes::Stat (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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ILockBytes::Stat
Retrieves a STATSTG type structure containing information about this byte array object.

Syntax

HRESULT Stat(
STATSTG *pStat,
DWORD grfStatFlag);

Parameters

pStat

[out]
Pointer to a STATSTG type structure that contains information about this byte array object.

grfStatFlag

[in]
Specifies whether this method should supply the pwcsName member of the STATSTG structure through values taken from the STATFLAG enumeration.
If STATFLAG_NONAME is specified, the pwcsName member of STATSTG is not supplied, thus saving a memory-allocation operation. The other possible
value, STATFLAG_DEFAULT, indicates that all members of the STATSTG structure be supplied.

Return Codes

NOERROR

The method succeeded.

E_UNEXPECTED

Rowset is in a "zombied" state.

STG_E_INVALIDFLAG

A flag value that was set for grfStatFlag was not valid.

STG_E_INVALIDPOINTER

A pointer that was passed was not valid.

Remarks

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ILockBytes::Stat (SQL Server CE Books Online)

TBD

See Also

ILockBytes

ILockBytes::ReadAt

ILockBytes::SetSize

ILockBytes::WriteAt

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ILockBytes::Stat
Retrieves a STATSTG type structure containing information about this byte array object.

Up One Level
ILockBytes::ReadAt Syntax
ILockBytes::WriteAt
ILockBytes::SetSize HRESULT Stat(
STATSTG *pStat,
ILockBytes::Stat DWORD grfStatFlag);

Parameters

pStat

[out]
Pointer to a STATSTG type structure that contains information about this byte array object.

grfStatFlag

[in]
Specifies whether this method should supply the pwcsName member of the STATSTG
structure through values taken from the STATFLAG enumeration. If STATFLAG_NONAME is
specified, the pwcsName member of STATSTG is not supplied, thus saving a memory-
allocation operation. The other possible value, STATFLAG_DEFAULT, indicates that all
members of the STATSTG structure be supplied.

Return Codes

NOERROR

The method succeeded.

E_UNEXPECTED

Rowset is in a "zombied" state.

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STG_E_INVALIDFLAG

A flag value that was set for grfStatFlag was not valid.

STG_E_INVALIDPOINTER

A pointer that was passed was not valid.

Remarks

TBD

See Also

ILockBytes

ILockBytes::ReadAt

ILockBytes::SetSize

ILockBytes::WriteAt

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SQL Server CE Schema Rowsets (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

SQL Server CE Schema Rowsets

The following schema rowsets are used by the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE to expose functionality specific to Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server
CE).

Description and GUID

OLE DB schema name ADO schema name
(if needed)
DBSCHEMA_COLUMNS adSchemaColumns The COLUMNS rowset identifies the columns of tables defined in the catalog
that are accessible to a given user.

DBSCHEMA_INDEXES adSchemaIndexes The INDEXES rowset identifies the indexes defined in the catalog that are
owned by a given user.

DBSCHEMA_KEY_COLUMN_USAGE adSchemaKeyColumnUsage The KEY_COLUMN_USAGE rowset identifies the columns defined in the catalog
that are constrained as keys by a given user.

DBSCHEMA_PROVIDER_TYPES adSchemaProviderTypes The PROVIDER_TYPES rowset identifies the (base) data types supported by
the data provider.

DBSCHEMA_TABLE_CONSTRAINTS adSchemaTableConstraints The TABLE_CONSTRAINTS rowset identifies the table constraints defined in
the catalog that are owned by a given user.

DBSCHEMA_TABLES adSchemaTables The TABLES rowset identifies the tables defined in the catalog that are
accessible to a given user.

DBSCHEMA_TABLES_INFO adSchemaTablesInfo The TABLES_INFO rowset identifies the tables defined in the catalog that are
accessible to a given user.

Provider-specific Schema Rowset Values

The DBSCHEMA_COLUMNS rowset returns the following columns that are specific to SQL Server CE:

● AUTOINC_MIN
● AUTOINC_MAX
● AUTOINC_STEP

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SQL Server CE Schema Rowsets

The following schema rowsets are used by the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE to expose functionality specific to Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server
CE).

Up One Level OLE DB schema name ADO schema name

Description and GUID
(if needed)
Implemented OLE DB Interfaces DBSCHEMA_COLUMNS adSchemaColumns The COLUMNS rowset identifies the columns of tables defined in the catalog
that are accessible to a given user.
SQL Server CE Schema Rowsets DBSCHEMA_INDEXES adSchemaIndexes The INDEXES rowset identifies the indexes defined in the catalog that are

SQL Server CE-specific OLE DB Properties

owned by a given user.

DBSCHEMA_KEY_COLUMN_USAGE adSchemaKeyColumnUsage The KEY_COLUMN_USAGE rowset identifies the columns defined in the catalog
that are constrained as keys by a given user.

DBSCHEMA_PROVIDER_TYPES adSchemaProviderTypes The PROVIDER_TYPES rowset identifies the (base) data types supported by
the data provider.

DBSCHEMA_TABLE_CONSTRAINTS adSchemaTableConstraints The TABLE_CONSTRAINTS rowset identifies the table constraints defined in
the catalog that are owned by a given user.

DBSCHEMA_TABLES adSchemaTables The TABLES rowset identifies the tables defined in the catalog that are
accessible to a given user.

DBSCHEMA_TABLES_INFO adSchemaTablesInfo The TABLES_INFO rowset identifies the tables defined in the catalog that are
accessible to a given user.

Provider-specific Schema Rowset Values

The DBSCHEMA_COLUMNS rowset returns the following columns that are specific to SQL Server CE:

● AUTOINC_MIN
● AUTOINC_MAX
● AUTOINC_STEP

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SQL Server CE-specific OLE DB

Properties
Up One Level
The OLE DB specification allows data providers to implement provider-specific properties.
Provider-specific Properties These properties allow the programmer to have access to functionality that is outside the
boundaries of the OLE DB specification. The OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE exposes the
Column Properties following properties:

Data Source Information Properties

Index Properties ●

●
Provider-specific Properties
Column Properties

Initialization Properties ●

●
Data Source Information Properties
Index Properties

Rowset Properties
● Initialization Properties
● Rowset Properties

Table Properties
● Table Properties

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Provider-specific Properties (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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Provider-specific Properties
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) defines a several provider-specific properties in the DBPROPSET_SSCE_DBINIT and
DBPROPSET_SSCE_SESSION property sets.

DBPROPSET_SSCE_DBINIT Property Set

The DBPROPSET_SSCE_DBINIT property set contains the following properties that are specific to the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE.

Property ID Description
DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD Type: VT_BSTR
Typical R/W: R/W

Description: SQL Server CE OLEDB:Database Password

Password used to open the database. This differs from the user password in that the database password is per file, and a user
password is per user.

DBPROP_SSCE_ENCRYPTDATABASE Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: SQL Server CE OLEDB:Encrypt Database
Determines whether a compacted or a newly created database should be encrypted.

DBPROP_SSCE_TEMPFILE_DIRECTORY Type: VT_BSTR

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: SQL Server CE OLEDB: Temp File Directory
Used to specify the temp file directory.

DBPROPSET_SSCE_SESSION Property Set

The DBPROPSET_SSCE_SESSION property set contains the following property that is specific to the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE.

Property ID Description
DBPROP_SSCE_MAXBUFFERSIZE Type: VT_I4
Typical R/W: R/W
Description: SQL Server CE OLE DB:Max Buffer Size
The largest amount of memory, in kilobytes, that SQL Server CE can use before it starts flushing changes to disk.

DBPROPSET_SSCE_COLUMN

The DBPROPSET_SSCE_COLUMN property set contains the following properties that are specific to the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE.

Property ID Description
DBPROP_SSCE_COL_ROWGUID Type: VT_BOOL
Typical R/W: R/W
Description: SQL Server CE OLE DB: Row GUID Column.
Specifies a column as a row GUID column. For this provider, the default value is VARIANT_FALSE.

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Up One Level
DBPROPSET_SSCE_DBINIT Property Set
Provider-specific Properties
Column Properties The DBPROPSET_SSCE_DBINIT property set contains the following properties that are specific to the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE.
Data Source Information Properties
Index Properties
Property ID Description
Initialization Properties DBPROP_SSCE_DBPASSWORD Type: VT_BSTR

Rowset Properties Typical R/W: R/W

Table Properties Description: SQL Server CE OLEDB:Database Password

Password used to open the database. This differs from the user password in that the database password is per file, and a user
password is per user.

DBPROP_SSCE_ENCRYPTDATABASE Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: SQL Server CE OLEDB:Encrypt Database
Determines whether a compacted or a newly created database should be encrypted.

DBPROP_SSCE_TEMPFILE_DIRECTORY Type: VT_BSTR

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: SQL Server CE OLEDB: Temp File Directory
Used to specify the temp file directory.

DBPROPSET_SSCE_SESSION Property Set

The DBPROPSET_SSCE_SESSION property set contains the following property that is specific to the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE.

DBPROPSET_SSCE_COLUMN

The DBPROPSET_SSCE_COLUMN property set contains the following properties that are specific to the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE.

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Column Properties (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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Column Properties
The DBPROPSET_COLUMN property set contains the following properties. All of these properties are in the Column property group.

Property ID Description
DBPROP_COL_AUTOINCREMENT Type: VT_BOOL
Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Autoincrement
Specifies whether the values of the identity column are autoincrementing. There can be only one autoincrementing column per
table.

DBPROP_COL_DEFAULT Type: Any

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Default
Specifies the default value for this column. This may be a constant, an expression, or the getdate() function. Queries are not
supported as default values. String literals must be enclosed with single quotation marks, for example: 'default'.

DBPROP_COL_FIXEDLENGTH Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Fixed Length

DBPROP_COL_INCREMENT Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R/W
Only used if autoincrement is VARIANT_TRUE. Can only be used on identity columns.

DBPROP_COL_ISLONG Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Is Long

DBPROP_COL_NULLABLE Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Nullable
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports all types as nullable.

DBPROP_COL_SEED Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R/W
Only used if autoincrement is VARIANT_TRUE. Can only be used on identity columns.

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Column Properties
The DBPROPSET_COLUMN property set contains the following properties. All of these properties are in the Column property group.

Up One Level Property ID Description

Provider-specific Properties DBPROP_COL_AUTOINCREMENT Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Autoincrement
Column Properties Specifies whether the values of the identity column are autoincrementing. There can be only one autoincrementing column per
table.

Data Source Information Properties DBPROP_COL_DEFAULT Type: Any

Typical R/W: R/W

Index Properties
Description: Default
Specifies the default value for this column. This may be a constant, an expression, or the getdate() function. Queries are not
supported as default values. String literals must be enclosed with single quotation marks, for example: 'default'.

Initialization Properties DBPROP_COL_FIXEDLENGTH Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W

Rowset Properties Description: Fixed Length

DBPROP_COL_INCREMENT Type: VT_I4

Table Properties Typical R/W: R/W
Only used if autoincrement is VARIANT_TRUE. Can only be used on identity columns.

DBPROP_COL_ISLONG Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Is Long

DBPROP_COL_NULLABLE Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Nullable
Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) supports all types as nullable.

DBPROP_COL_SEED Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R/W
Only used if autoincrement is VARIANT_TRUE. Can only be used on identity columns.

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Data Source Information Properties (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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Data Source Information Properties

The DBPROPSET_DATASOURCEINFO property set contains the following properties. All of these properties are in the Data Source Information property group. These
properties are read-only in the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE and constitute a set of static information about the provider and data store.

Property ID Description
DBPROP_ALTERCOLUMN Type: VT_I4
R/W: R
Description: Alter Column Support
This provider returns DBCOLUMNDESCFLAGS_DBCID and DBCOLUMNDESCFLAGS_PROPERTIES. The only properties that can be
altered are DBPROP_COL_SEED, DBPROP_COL_INCREMENT, and DBPROP_COL_DEFAULT. DBPROP_COL_SEED and
DBPROP_COL_INCREMENT can be set only on an identity column.

DBPROP_COLUMNDEFINITION Type: VT_I4

R/W: R
Description: Column Definition
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_CD_NOTNULL.

DBPROP_DBMSNAME Type: VT_BSTR

Typical R/W: R only
Description: DBMS Name
Specifies the name of the product accessed by the provider. For this provider, the string is "SQL Server for Windows CE".

DBPROP_DBMSVER Type: VT_BSTR

Typical R/W: R only
Description: DBMS Version
Specifies the version of the product accessed by the provider. For this provider, the string is "2.00.0000".

DBPROP_DSOTHREADMODEL Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Data Source Object Threading Model
Specifies the threading model of the data source object. For this provider, the value is DBPROPVAL_RT_FREETHREAD.

DBPROP_IDENTIFIERCASE Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Identifier Case Sensitivity
Specifies how identifiers respond to case.
Because identifiers in SQL Server CE are case-insensitive and are stored in mixed case in the system catalog, the value for this
provider must be DBPROPVAL_IC_MIXED.

DBPROP_MULTIPLESTORAGEOBJECTS Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Multiple Storage Objects
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_FALSE, which indicates that the provider supports only one open storage object at a
time.

DBPROP_NULLCOLLATION Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: NULL Collation Order
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_NC_LOW, which indicates that null values are sorted at the low end of the list.

DBPROP_OLEOBJECTS Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: OLE Object Support
Specifies a bitmask that indicates the ways in which the provider supports access to BLOBs and COM objects stored in columns.
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_OO_BLOB, which indicates that the provider supports access to BLOBs as structured
objects. The consumer determines what interfaces are supported through DBPROP_STRUCTUREDSTORAGE.

DBPROP_OPENROWSETSUPPORT Type: VT_I4

R/W: R
Description: Open Rowset Support
This provider supports the values DBPROPVAL_ORS_TABLE and DBPROPVAL_ORS_INTEGRATEDINDEX.

DBPROP_PERSISTENTIDTYPE Type: VT_I4

R/W: R
Description: Persistent ID Type
For this provider, the value is DBPROPVAL_PT_NAME.

DBPROP_PROVIDERFILENAME Type: VT_BSTR

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Provider Name
Specifies the file name of the provider. (Prior to Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) 2.5, this property is named
DBPROP_PROVIDERNAME.)

DBPROP_PROVIDEROLEDBVER Type: VT_BSTR

Typical R/W: R only
Description: OLE DB Version
This provider returns 02.50.00.

DBPROP_PROVIDERVER Type: VT_BSTR

R/W: R
Description: Provider Version
For this provider, the version returned is 02.00.0000.

DBPROP_STRUCTUREDSTORAGE Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Structured Storage
Specifies a bitmask that indicates which interfaces on a storage object are supported by the rowset; that is, a combination of zero or
more of DBPROPVAL_SS_ISEQUENTIALSTREAM or DBPROPVAL_SS_ILOCKBYTES.

DBPROP_SUPPORTEDTXNDDL Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Transaction DDL
Specifies whether Data Definition Language (DDL) statements are supported in transactions.
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_TC_ALL, which indicates that transactions can contain DDL and Data Manipulation
Language (DML) statements in any order.

DBPROP_SUPPORTEDTXNISOLEVELS Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Isolation Levels
This provider supports only DBPROPVAL_TI_READCOMMITTED.

DBPROP_SUPPORTEDTXNISORETAIN Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Isolation Retention
This provider supports the following values: DBPROPVAL_TR_COMMIT_DC, which indicates that the transaction preserves its isolation
across a retaining commit.
DBPROPVAL_TR_ABORT_DC, which indicates that the transaction may either preserve or dispose of its isolation across a retaining
abort.

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Data Source Information Properties (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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Data Source Information Properties

Up One Level
Property ID Description
Provider-specific Properties DBPROP_ALTERCOLUMN Type: VT_I4

Column Properties R/W: R

Description: Alter Column Support
This provider returns DBCOLUMNDESCFLAGS_DBCID and DBCOLUMNDESCFLAGS_PROPERTIES. The only properties that can be

Data Source Information Properties altered are DBPROP_COL_SEED, DBPROP_COL_INCREMENT, and DBPROP_COL_DEFAULT. DBPROP_COL_SEED and
DBPROP_COL_INCREMENT can be set only on an identity column.

Index Properties DBPROP_COLUMNDEFINITION Type: VT_I4

R/W: R
Description: Column Definition
Initialization Properties For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_CD_NOTNULL.

DBPROP_DBMSNAME Type: VT_BSTR

Rowset Properties Typical R/W: R only
Description: DBMS Name

Table Properties
Specifies the name of the product accessed by the provider. For this provider, the string is "SQL Server for Windows CE".

DBPROP_DBMSVER Type: VT_BSTR

Typical R/W: R only
Description: DBMS Version
Specifies the version of the product accessed by the provider. For this provider, the string is "2.00.0000".

DBPROP_DSOTHREADMODEL Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Data Source Object Threading Model
Specifies the threading model of the data source object. For this provider, the value is DBPROPVAL_RT_FREETHREAD.

DBPROP_IDENTIFIERCASE Type: VT_I4

DBPROP_MULTIPLESTORAGEOBJECTS Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Multiple Storage Objects
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_FALSE, which indicates that the provider supports only one open storage object at a
time.

DBPROP_NULLCOLLATION Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: NULL Collation Order
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_NC_LOW, which indicates that null values are sorted at the low end of the list.

DBPROP_OLEOBJECTS Type: VT_I4

DBPROP_OPENROWSETSUPPORT Type: VT_I4

R/W: R
Description: Open Rowset Support
This provider supports the values DBPROPVAL_ORS_TABLE and DBPROPVAL_ORS_INTEGRATEDINDEX.

DBPROP_PERSISTENTIDTYPE Type: VT_I4

R/W: R
Description: Persistent ID Type
For this provider, the value is DBPROPVAL_PT_NAME.

DBPROP_PROVIDERFILENAME Type: VT_BSTR

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Provider Name
Specifies the file name of the provider. (Prior to Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) 2.5, this property is named
DBPROP_PROVIDERNAME.)

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DBPROP_PROVIDEROLEDBVER Type: VT_BSTR
Typical R/W: R only
Description: OLE DB Version
This provider returns 02.50.00.

DBPROP_PROVIDERVER Type: VT_BSTR

R/W: R
Description: Provider Version
For this provider, the version returned is 02.00.0000.

DBPROP_STRUCTUREDSTORAGE Type: VT_I4

DBPROP_SUPPORTEDTXNDDL Type: VT_I4

DBPROP_SUPPORTEDTXNISOLEVELS Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Isolation Levels
This provider supports only DBPROPVAL_TI_READCOMMITTED.

DBPROP_SUPPORTEDTXNISORETAIN Type: VT_I4

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Index Properties
The DBPROPSET_INDEX property set contains the following properties. All of these properties are in the Index property group.

Property ID Description
DBPROP_INDEX_AUTOUPDATE Type: VT_BOOL
Typical R/W: R only
Description: Auto Update
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE, which indicates that the index is automatically maintained.

DBPROP_INDEX_NULLCOLLATION Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: NULL Collation
Specifies how null values are collated in the index.
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_NC_LOW, which indicates that null values are collated at the low end of the list.

DBPROP_INDEX_NULLS Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: NULL Keys
Specifies whether null keys are allowed.
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_IN_DISALLOWNULL, which indicates that the index does not allow entries where
the key columns are NULL. If the consumer attempts to insert an index entry with a null key, the provider returns an error.
This provider supports indexes that are nullable and indexes where null values are disallowed.

DBPROP_INDEX_TYPE Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Index Type
Specifies the type of the index.
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_IT_BTREE.

DBPROP_INDEX_UNIQUE Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Unique
Specifies whether index keys must be unique. The provider supports the following values:
VARIANT_TRUE, which indicates that the index keys must be unique, or
VARIANT_FALSE, which indicates that duplicate keys are allowed.

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Index Properties
The DBPROPSET_INDEX property set contains the following properties. All of these properties are in the Index property group.

Up One Level Property ID Description

Provider-specific Properties DBPROP_INDEX_AUTOUPDATE Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Auto Update
Column Properties For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE, which indicates that the index is automatically maintained.

DBPROP_INDEX_NULLCOLLATION Type: VT_I4

Data Source Information Properties Typical R/W: R only
Description: NULL Collation

Index Properties
Specifies how null values are collated in the index.
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_NC_LOW, which indicates that null values are collated at the low end of the list.

Initialization Properties DBPROP_INDEX_NULLS Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: NULL Keys

Rowset Properties Specifies whether null keys are allowed.

For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_IN_DISALLOWNULL, which indicates that the index does not allow entries where
the key columns are NULL. If the consumer attempts to insert an index entry with a null key, the provider returns an error.
Table Properties This provider supports indexes that are nullable and indexes where null values are disallowed.

DBPROP_INDEX_TYPE Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Index Type
Specifies the type of the index.
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_IT_BTREE.

DBPROP_INDEX_UNIQUE Type: VT_BOOL

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Initialization Properties
The DBPROPSET_DBINIT property set contains the following properties. All of these properties are in the Initialization property group.

Property ID (properties not supported

in DBPROPSET_DBINIT) Description
DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE Type: VT_BSTR
Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Data Source
Specifies the name of the data store to which to connect.

DBPROP_INIT_LCID Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Locale Identifier
The locale ID (LCID) of preference for the consumer. Consumers specify the LCID at initialization. This provides a method by which
the server can determine the consumer's LCID of choice. This property does not guarantee that all text returned to the consumer
will be translated according to the LCID.

DBPROP_INIT_MODE Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R
Description: Mode
For this provider, the mode is either DB_MODE_READWRITE or DB_MODE_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE.

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Initialization Properties
The DBPROPSET_DBINIT property set contains the following properties. All of these properties are in the Initialization property group.

Up One Level Property ID (properties not supported

Provider-specific Properties in DBPROPSET_DBINIT) Description

Column Properties
DBPROP_INIT_DATASOURCE Type: VT_BSTR
Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Data Source

Data Source Information Properties Specifies the name of the data store to which to connect.

DBPROP_INIT_LCID Type: VT_I4

Index Properties Typical R/W: R/W

Description: Locale Identifier
The locale ID (LCID) of preference for the consumer. Consumers specify the LCID at initialization. This provides a method by which
Initialization Properties the server can determine the consumer's LCID of choice. This property does not guarantee that all text returned to the consumer
will be translated according to the LCID.

Rowset Properties DBPROP_INIT_MODE Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R

Table Properties
Description: Mode
For this provider, the mode is either DB_MODE_READWRITE or DB_MODE_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE.

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Rowset Properties
The DBPROPSET_ROWSET property set contains the following properties. All of these properties are in the Rowset property group. Additional properties are
defined in DBPROPSET_SSCE_ROWSET.

Property ID Description
DBPROP_ABORTPRESERVE Type: VT_BOOL
Typical R/W: R only
Description: Preserve on Abort
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_FALSE, which indicates that, after aborting a transaction, the only operations
allowed on a rowset are to release row and accessor handles and to release the rowset.

DBPROP_ACCESSORDER Type: VT_I4

R/W: R
Description: Access Order
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_AO_RANDOM.

DBPROP_BLOCKINGSTORAGEOBJECTS Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R only
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE.

DBPROP_BOOKMARKS Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Use Bookmarks
Specifies whether the rowset supports bookmarks. The provider supports the following values:
VARIANT_TRUE, which indicates that the rowset supports bookmarks. Column 0 is the bookmark for the rows. Getting this
column obtains a bookmark value, which can be used to reposition to the row.
VARIANT_FALSE, which indicates that the rowset does not support bookmarks. The rowset is sequential, and the values of the
DBPROP_LITERALBOOKMARKS and DBPROP_ORDEREDBOOKMARKS properties are ignored.

DBPROP_BOOKMARKTYPE Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Bookmark Type
Specifies the bookmark type supported by the rowset.
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_BMK_NUMERIC, which indicates that the bookmark type is numeric. Numeric
bookmarks are based on a row's properties that are not dependent on the values of the row's columns. For example, a numeric
bookmark can be based on the absolute position of the row within the rowset or on a row ID that the storage engine assigned to
a tuple when it was created. Modifying the row's columns does not change the validity of numeric bookmarks.

DBPROP_CANFETCHBACKWARDS Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Fetch Backward
Specifies whether the rowset can fetch backward. The providers supports the following values:
VARIANT_TRUE, which indicates that cRows in IRowset::GetNextRows, IRowsetLocate::GetRowsAt, and
IRowsetScroll::GetRowsAtRatio can be negative. When it is negative, these methods fetch rows backward from the specified
row.
VARIANT_FALSE, which indicates that cRows must be nonnegative.

DBPROP_CANHOLDROWS Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R
Description: Hold Rows
For this provider, this property is always VARIANT_FALSE.

DBPROP_CANSCROLLBACKWARDS Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R
Description: Scroll Backward
For this provider, this property is always VARIANT_FALSE, which indicates that IRowsOffset must be nonnegative.

DBPROP_CHANGEINSERTEDROWS Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Change Inserted Rows
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE, which indicates that the consumer can call IRowsetChange::DeleteRows
or IRowsetChange::SetData for newly inserted rows.
A newly inserted row is defined as a row for which the insertion has been transmitted to the data store, as opposed to a pending
insert row.

DBPROP_COMMITPRESERVE Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Preserve On Commit
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE, which indicates that after a commit that preserves, the rowset remains
active. That is, it is possible to fetch new rows, update, delete, and insert rows, and so on.

DBPROP_DEFERRED Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Defer Column
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE, which indicates that the data in the column is not fetched until an accessor
is used on the column.

DBPROP_DELAYSTORAGEOBJECTS Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Delay Storage Object Updates
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE, which indicates that storage objects are also used in delayed update mode.

DBPROP_IAccessor Type: VT_BOOL

DBPROP_IColumnsInfo Typical R/W: R/W, except as noted below.
DBPROP_IConvertType Description:
DBPROP_IRowset If the value of any of these properties is set to VARIANT_TRUE, the rowset supports the specified interface. These properties are
DBPROP_IRowsetChange primarily used to request interfaces through ICommandProperties::SetProperties.
DBPROP_IRowsetInfo The following properties are read-only and are always VARIANT_TRUE:
DBPROP_IRowsetUpdate DBPROP_IAccessor
DBPROP_ISupportErrorInfo DBPROP_IColumnsInfo
DBPROP_IRowsetIndex DBPROP_IConvertType
DBPROP_IRowsetCurrentIndex DBPROP_IRowset
DBPROP_IRowsetBookmark DBPROP_IRowsetInfo
DBPROP_ISupportErrorInfo
Setting DBPROP_IRowsetUpdate to VARIANT_TRUE automatically sets DBPROP_IRowsetChange to VARIANT_TRUE. Setting
DBPROP_IRowsetCurrentIndex to VARIANT_TRUE automatically sets DBPROP_IRowsetIndex to VARIANT_TRUE.

DBPROP_ILockBytes Type: VT_BOOL

DBPROP_IsequentialStream Typical R/W: R/W
Description: ILockBytes
ISequentialStream
If the value of this property is set to VARIANT_TRUE, the specified column is treated as a storage object that exposes the
specified interface.

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Rowset Properties (SQL Server CE Books Online)

DBPROP_IMMOBILEROWS Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Immobile Rows
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_FALSE, which indicates that, if the rowset is ordered, inserted rows and updated
rows (where one or more of the columns in the ordering criteria are updated) follow the ordering criteria of the rowset. If the
rowset is not ordered, inserted rows are not guaranteed to appear in a determinate position, and the position of updated rows is
not changed.
This property is meaningful only if DBPROP_OWNINSERT is VARIANT_TRUE.

DBPROP_LOCKMODE TYPE: VT_I4

R/W: R
Description: Lock Mode
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_LM_SINGLEROW.

DBPROP_MAXOPENROWS Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R
Description: Maximum Open Rows
This value is 1 for Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).

DBPROP_MAXROWS Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Maximum Rows
Specifies the maximum number of rows that can be returned in a rowset. If there is no limit, this value is 0.
For this provider, the value is always 0.

DBPROP_OTHERINSERT Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Base Tables are True; others are False.

DBPROP_OTHERUPDATEDELETE Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Others' Changes Visible
Specifies either of the following values:
VARIANT_TRUE, which indicates that the rowset can see updates and deletes made by a user other than a consumer of the
rowset. For example, suppose a user other than a consumer of the rowset updates the data underlying a row or deletes the row.
If the row is released completely, any consumer of the rowset will see that change the next time it fetches the row. This includes
updates and deletes made by other parties in the same transaction as well as updates and deletes by parties outside the
transaction.
The transaction isolation level does not affect the ability of the rowset to see updates or deletes by other parties in the same
transaction, such as other rowsets in the same session. However, it does restrict the ability of the rowset to see updates or
deletes by parties outside the transaction.

VARIANT_FALSE, which indicates that the rowset cannot see updates and deletes by others.

DBPROP_OWNINSERT Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Own Inserts Visible

DBPROP_OWNUPDATEDELETE Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Own Changes Visible

DBPROP_QUICKRESTART Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R / W
Description: Quick Restart

DBPROP_REMOVEDELETED Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R
Description: Remove Deleted Rows
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE.

DBPROP_REPORTMULTIPLECHANGES Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Report Multiple Changes
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE.

DBPROP_ROWTHREADMODEL Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Row Threading Model
Specifies the threading model of the rowsets generated by the command.
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_RT_FREETHREAD.

DBPROP_SERVERDATAONINSERT TYPE: VT_BOOL

R/W: R
Description: Server Data on Insert
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE.

DBPROP_UPDATABILITY Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Updatability

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Up One Level
Property ID Description
Provider-specific Properties DBPROP_ABORTPRESERVE Type: VT_BOOL

Column Properties Typical R/W: R only

Description: Preserve on Abort
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_FALSE, which indicates that, after aborting a transaction, the only operations

Data Source Information Properties allowed on a rowset are to release row and accessor handles and to release the rowset.

DBPROP_ACCESSORDER Type: VT_I4

Index Properties R/W: R

Description: Access Order
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_AO_RANDOM.
Initialization Properties DBPROP_BLOCKINGSTORAGEOBJECTS Type: VT_BOOL
Typical R/W: R only
Rowset Properties For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE.

Table Properties
DBPROP_BOOKMARKS Type: VT_BOOL
Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Use Bookmarks
Specifies whether the rowset supports bookmarks. The provider supports the following values:
VARIANT_TRUE, which indicates that the rowset supports bookmarks. Column 0 is the bookmark for the rows. Getting this
column obtains a bookmark value, which can be used to reposition to the row.
VARIANT_FALSE, which indicates that the rowset does not support bookmarks. The rowset is sequential, and the values of the
DBPROP_LITERALBOOKMARKS and DBPROP_ORDEREDBOOKMARKS properties are ignored.

DBPROP_BOOKMARKTYPE Type: VT_I4

DBPROP_CANFETCHBACKWARDS Type: VT_BOOL

DBPROP_CANHOLDROWS Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R
Description: Hold Rows
For this provider, this property is always VARIANT_FALSE.

DBPROP_CANSCROLLBACKWARDS Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R
Description: Scroll Backward
For this provider, this property is always VARIANT_FALSE, which indicates that IRowsOffset must be nonnegative.

DBPROP_CHANGEINSERTEDROWS Type: VT_BOOL

DBPROP_COMMITPRESERVE Type: VT_BOOL

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DBPROP_DEFERRED Type: VT_BOOL
Typical R/W: R only
Description: Defer Column
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE, which indicates that the data in the column is not fetched until an accessor
is used on the column.

DBPROP_DELAYSTORAGEOBJECTS Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Delay Storage Object Updates
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE, which indicates that storage objects are also used in delayed update mode.

DBPROP_IAccessor Type: VT_BOOL

DBPROP_ILockBytes Type: VT_BOOL

DBPROP_IMMOBILEROWS Type: VT_BOOL

DBPROP_LOCKMODE TYPE: VT_I4

R/W: R
Description: Lock Mode
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_LM_SINGLEROW.

DBPROP_MAXOPENROWS Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R
Description: Maximum Open Rows
This value is 1 for Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).

DBPROP_MAXROWS Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Maximum Rows
Specifies the maximum number of rows that can be returned in a rowset. If there is no limit, this value is 0.
For this provider, the value is always 0.

DBPROP_OTHERINSERT Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Base Tables are True; others are False.

DBPROP_OTHERUPDATEDELETE Type: VT_BOOL

VARIANT_FALSE, which indicates that the rowset cannot see updates and deletes by others.

DBPROP_OWNINSERT Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Own Inserts Visible

DBPROP_OWNUPDATEDELETE Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Own Changes Visible

DBPROP_QUICKRESTART Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R / W
Description: Quick Restart

DBPROP_REMOVEDELETED Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R
Description: Remove Deleted Rows
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE.

DBPROP_REPORTMULTIPLECHANGES Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Report Multiple Changes
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE.

DBPROP_ROWTHREADMODEL Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Row Threading Model
Specifies the threading model of the rowsets generated by the command.
For this provider, the value is always DBPROPVAL_RT_FREETHREAD.

DBPROP_SERVERDATAONINSERT TYPE: VT_BOOL

R/W: R
Description: Server Data on Insert
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_TRUE.

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DBPROP_UPDATABILITY Type: VT_I4
Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Updatability

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Table Properties (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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Table Properties
The DBPROPSET_TABLE property set contains the following properties. All of these properties are in the Table property group.

Property ID Description
DBPROP_TBL_TEMPTABLE Type: VT_BOOL
Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Temporary Table
Users should refrain from creating temporary tables in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).

The following table lists the properties that are not supported.

Property ID Description
DBPROP_CONCATNULLBEHAVIOR (Not supported) Type: VT_I4
Typical R/W: R only
Description: Null Concatenation Behavior
Specifies how the data store handles concatenation of null-valued and nonnull-valued character data type columns. The value is
DBPROPVAL_CB_NON_NULL, which indicates that the result is the concatenation of the nonnull-valued column or columns.

DBPROP_AUTH_PERSIST_ENCRYPTED (Not supported) Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Persist Encrypted
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_FALSE, which indicates that the data source object can persist sensitive
authentication information without encryption.

DBPROP_CACHEDEFERRED Type: VT_BOOL

(Not supported) Typical R/W: R only
Description: Cache Deferred Columns
For this provider, the value is always VARIANT_FALSE, which indicates that the provider does not cache the value of a deferred
column and multiple calls to IRowset::GetData because the column can return different values.

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Table Properties
The DBPROPSET_TABLE property set contains the following properties. All of these properties are in the Table property group.

Up One Level Property ID Description

Provider-specific Properties DBPROP_TBL_TEMPTABLE Type: VT_BOOL

Typical R/W: R/W
Description: Temporary Table
Column Properties Users should refrain from creating temporary tables in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).

Data Source Information Properties

Index Properties The following table lists the properties that are not supported.

Initialization Properties
Rowset Properties Property ID Description

Table Properties DBPROP_CONCATNULLBEHAVIOR (Not supported) Type: VT_I4

Typical R/W: R only
Description: Null Concatenation Behavior
Specifies how the data store handles concatenation of null-valued and nonnull-valued character data type columns. The value is
DBPROPVAL_CB_NON_NULL, which indicates that the result is the concatenation of the nonnull-valued column or columns.

DBPROP_AUTH_PERSIST_ENCRYPTED (Not supported) Type: VT_BOOL

DBPROP_CACHEDEFERRED Type: VT_BOOL

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SQL Server CE Books Online
SQL Server CE Engine Object

You can program access to engine-specific features in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000
Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) in an application running on a Windows CE-
based platform by using either the Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools or Microsoft
Visual Studio® .NET development environments.

Up One Level
To program SQL Server CE engine functionality in the eMbedded Visual Tools
Using the CompactDatabase and Compact Methods environment, use the Engine object within the SQL Server CE ActiveX® control that
exposes the CompactDatabase method and the ErrorRecords property.
Using the CreateDatabase Method
SQL Server CE Engine Object Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools
To program SQL Server CE engine functionality in the Visual Studio .NET
environment, use the .NET Compact Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE,
which provides the System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeEngine class. The
SqlCeEngine class exposes two methods: Compact and CreateDatabase. For
information about the methods and properties of the SqlCeEngine class and other
classes in the System.Data.SqlServerCe namespace, see .NET Compact
Framework Data Providers.

The following topics describe using these exposed methods:

● Using the CompactDatabase and Compact Methods

● Using the CreateDatabase Method

See Also

CompactDatabase Method

ErrorRecords Property

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Using the CompactDatabase and Compact Methods (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using the CompactDatabase and Compact Methods

CompactDatabase and Compact are the same methods in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), but are used in
different development environments. Use CompactDatabase in applications created with the Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools, and use Compact in
applications created with Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET.

These methods are essential in maintaining and changing databases. They can be used for compacting and reclaiming wasted space. They can also be
used to change the collating order, encryption, and/or password in a SQL Server CE database.

Because a new version of the database is created when compacting, the source database path and destination database path must be different. In
addition, the source database must be closed and the destination database must not exist. An error occurs if the destination database already exists or
another file with that name already exists.

If SQL Server CE is terminated when data is being written (as a result of power failure or a full disk), the data can become corrupted.

Examples

Visual Basic .NET

eMbedded Visual Tools

See Also

Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases

CompactDatabase Method

ErrorRecords Property

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Using the CompactDatabase and Compact Methods

CompactDatabase and Compact are the same methods in Microsoft® SQL

Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE), but are used in different
development environments. Use CompactDatabase in applications created with the
Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools, and use Compact in applications created with
Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET.

Up One Level
Using the CompactDatabase and Compact Methods These methods are essential in maintaining and changing databases. They can be
used for compacting and reclaiming wasted space. They can also be used to change
Using the CreateDatabase Method the collating order, encryption, and/or password in a SQL Server CE database.

SQL Server CE Engine Object Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools
Because a new version of the database is created when compacting, the source
database path and destination database path must be different. In addition, the
source database must be closed and the destination database must not exist. An
error occurs if the destination database already exists or another file with that name
already exists.

If SQL Server CE is terminated when data is being written (as a result of power
failure or a full disk), the data can become corrupted.

Examples

Visual Basic .NET

eMbedded Visual Tools

See Also

Maintaining SQL Server CE Databases

CompactDatabase Method

ErrorRecords Property

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Using the CreateDatabase Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using the CreateDatabase Method

Use the CreateDatabase method to create a new database in the Microsoft® Visual Studio® .NET development environment.

Examples

Visual Basic .NET

See Also

SSCEError Object

CompactDatabase Method

SSCEErrors Collection

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Using the CreateDatabase Method

Use the CreateDatabase method to create a new database in the Microsoft® Visual
Studio® .NET development environment.

Up One Level Examples

Using the CompactDatabase and Compact Methods
C#
Using the CreateDatabase Method
SQL Server CE Engine Object Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools
Visual Basic .NET

See Also

SSCEError Object

CompactDatabase Method

SSCEErrors Collection

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SQL Server CE Books Online

SQL Server CE Engine Object Programmer's Reference for eMbedded
Visual Tools

This section provides reference information about the CompactDatabase method and
ErrorRecords property of the Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® Edition (SQL
Server CE) Engine object for the Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools development
Up One Level environment.

CompactDatabase Method
ErrorRecords Property ●

●
CompactDatabase Method
ErrorRecords Property

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CompactDatabase Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

CompactDatabase Method
The CompactDatabase method compacts and reclaims wasted space. This method can also be used to change the collating order, encryption, and/or password of
a database in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® Edition (SQL Server CE).

Syntax

object.CompactDatabase(SourceConnection, DestConnection)

Part Description
object Expression that evaluates to a SQL Server CE Engine object.

SourceConnection A string value specifying a connection to the source database to be compacted. An error occurs if the database specified by SourceConnection is already open.

DestConnection A string value specifying a connection to the destination database to be created by the compaction. An error occurs if the database specified by DestConnection
already exists or another file with that name already exists.

Remarks

The SourceConnection and DestConnection parameters specify the properties of the source and destination databases. The following table lists the connection
properties that you can specify for each parameter. All other connection properties are ignored.

Property Description
Provider Indicates the name of the provider to use to connect to the data source. If this property is not specified, the OLE DB Provider for SQL Server CE is assumed. An error
occurs if the name of the provider in the source string is different from the name of the provider in the destination string.

Data Source Indicates the name of the database. This property is required for both the source and destination connection information.

Locale Identifier Indicates the locale ID (LCID) for the new database. If this is omitted, the destination database will have the same locale ID as the source database.

Locale specifies the collating order for string comparisons in the database.

SSCE:Database Password Indicates the password if the database is secured by a password. The source database password must be supplied if the source database contains a password. If this
parameter is omitted, the new database will have the same database password as the source database. If you want to remove the password from the destination
database, the database password must be set to an empty string. The database password can be up to 40 characters.

SSCE:Encrypt Database Indicates whether to encrypt the new database. If this parameter is omitted, the new database will have the same encryption as the source database. This is a
Boolean value and should be set to TRUE for encryption and FALSE if encryption is not wanted.

SSCE:Temp File Directory Specifies the location of the temporary database. If this parameter is omitted, the temporary database is stored in the temp directory of the device.

Locale identifier values are supported. Use the unique LCID for the value of Locale Identifier. To find a list of unique LCID values, see Collate. You must ensure
that the locale is supported on the device on which the database is being created.

See Also

ErrorRecords Property

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Up One Level
CompactDatabase Method Syntax
ErrorRecords Property
object.CompactDatabase(SourceConnection, DestConnection)

Part Description
object Expression that evaluates to a SQL Server CE Engine object.

SourceConnection A string value specifying a connection to the source database to be compacted. An error occurs if the database specified by SourceConnection is already open.

Remarks

Data Source Indicates the name of the database. This property is required for both the source and destination connection information.

Locale Identifier Indicates the locale ID (LCID) for the new database. If this is omitted, the destination database will have the same locale ID as the source database.

Locale specifies the collating order for string comparisons in the database.

SSCE:Temp File Directory Specifies the location of the temporary database. If this parameter is omitted, the temporary database is stored in the temp directory of the device.

See Also

ErrorRecords Property

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ErrorRecords Property (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

ErrorRecords Property
The ErrorRecords property contains the SSCEErrors collection for the Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® Edition (SQL Server CE) Engine object.

Syntax

object.ErrorRecords

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Engine object

Remarks

The SSCEErrors collection is loaded when a SQL Server CE Engine object method call fails. The error records in the collection remain available until the next SQL
Server CE Engine object method is called.

Data Type

SSCEErrors

Modifiable

Read-only

See Also

SSCEError Object

CompactDatabase Method

SSCEErrors Collection

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ErrorRecords Property
The ErrorRecords property contains the SSCEErrors collection for the Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® Edition (SQL Server CE) Engine object.

Up One Level
Syntax
CompactDatabase Method
ErrorRecords Property
object.ErrorRecords

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Engine object

Remarks

Data Type

SSCEErrors

Modifiable

Read-only

See Also

SSCEError Object

CompactDatabase Method

SSCEErrors Collection

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Remote Data Access (RDA)

The Remote Data Access (RDA) object is a Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE
(SQL Server CE) ActiveX® control that enables programmatic access to a Microsoft SQL
Server 2000 or Microsoft SQL Server version 7.0 database. This access is provided by a
Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET or Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools application running on a
Up One Level Windows CE-based device.

Using the Pull Method

To program RDA in the Visual Studio .NET development environment, use the .NET Compact
Using the Push Method Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE, which provides the
System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeRemoteDataAccess class. For more information about
Using the SubmitSQL Method the methods and properties of the SqlCeRemoteDataAccess class and the other classes in
the System.Data.SqlServerCe namespace, see .NET Compact Framework Data Provider
Handling RDA Errors for SQL Server CE.
RDA Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools
To program RDA in the eMbedded Visual Tools development environment, use the RDA
object. The following topics describe the concepts for building Windows CE-based
applications using the SQL Server CE RDA object with the .NET Compact Framework data
provider and eMbedded Visual Tools.

● Using the Pull Method

● Using the Push Method
● Using the SubmitSQL Method
● Handling RDA Errors

This section also contains a programmer's reference that describes the methods and
properties of the RDA object for the Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools environment. For more
information, see RDA Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools.

Guidelines for Developing RDA Applications

When designing Windows CE-based applications that use RDA to access SQL Server
databases, use the following guidelines:

● The application always initiates and controls RDA. The application is responsible for pulling a table from a SQL
Server table:
● If the table is tracked, the application is responsible for periodically pushing the changed data back to the SQL Server table.
● A table must be deleted and repulled to refresh the local table data with data from the SQL Server table.
● The application also is responsible for deleting the table from the SQL Server CE database when it is no longer needed.
● Users should be shielded from the details of RDA.

If the table pulled from SQL Server was marked as tracked, the application should use the RDA object to initiate
table-level synchronization whenever synchronization is required. For example, the application might trigger
synchronization when it detects that the Windows CE-based device is reconnected to the network, when the
application has updated critical table information, when the user requests synchronization, or when a certain time
period has elapsed.

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Using the Pull Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using the Pull Method

An application calls the Pull method to extract data from a Microsoft® SQL Server™ database and store the data in a table in a Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE)
database. For more information, see Pull Method.

An application can track the changes made on a SQL Server CE table by setting the appropriate tracking options. SQL Server CE tracks all inserts, updates, and deletes. Applications can then call
the Push method to propagate the changes back to the original SQL Server table.

Remote data access (RDA) tracked Pull and Push methods use optimistic concurrency control. SQL Server does not keep pulled records locked. When the application calls Push, the changes
made to the local SQL Server CE database are unconditionally applied to the SQL Server database. This might cause changes made by other users of the SQL Server database to be lost.

You should use tracked Pull and Push methods when the records you are updating are logically partitioned and conflicts are unlikely. For example, tracked Pull and Push methods might be used
in a field service application which tracks each technician who has a unique list of service calls.

The following examples show how an application calls the Pull method. These examples assume that the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured with the Microsoft Internet Information Services
(IIS) virtual directory name sqlce, and that it is configured to require HTTP Basic authentication. The examples also assume that the SQL Server database is located on the SampleServer server.
The LocalConnectionString property specifies the name of the SQL Server CE database that receives the pulled table. By convention, SQL Server CE databases are assigned the file extension
.sdf.

Examples

Visual Basic .NET

eMbedded Visual Basic

See Also

Using the Push Method

Using the SubmitSQL Method

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An application calls the Pull method to extract data from a Microsoft® SQL Server™ database and store the data in a table in a
Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) database. For more information, see Pull Method.

An application can track the changes made on a SQL Server CE table by setting the appropriate tracking options. SQL Server CE
tracks all inserts, updates, and deletes. Applications can then call the Push method to propagate the changes back to the original
Up One Level SQL Server table.

Using the Pull Method

Using the Push Method Remote data access (RDA) tracked Pull and Push methods use optimistic concurrency control. SQL Server does not keep pulled
records locked. When the application calls Push, the changes made to the local SQL Server CE database are unconditionally
Using the SubmitSQL Method applied to the SQL Server database. This might cause changes made by other users of the SQL Server database to be lost.

Handling RDA Errors

RDA Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools You should use tracked Pull and Push methods when the records you are updating are logically partitioned and conflicts are
unlikely. For example, tracked Pull and Push methods might be used in a field service application which tracks each technician
who has a unique list of service calls.

The following examples show how an application calls the Pull method. These examples assume that the SQL Server CE Server
Agent is configured with the Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) virtual directory name sqlce, and that it is configured to
require HTTP Basic authentication. The examples also assume that the SQL Server database is located on the SampleServer
server. The LocalConnectionString property specifies the name of the SQL Server CE database that receives the pulled table. By
convention, SQL Server CE databases are assigned the file extension .sdf.

Examples

Visual Basic .NET

eMbedded Visual Basic

See Also

Using the Push Method

Using the SubmitSQL Method

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Using the Push Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Using the Push Method

An application calls the Push method to transmit changes from a pulled tracked table in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Window CE Edition (SQL Server CE) back to a SQL
Server table. For more information, see Push Method.

The application must have created the local SQL Server CE table by calling the Pull method with the tracking option set on.

Remote data access (RDA) tracked Pull and Push methods use optimistic concurrency control. SQL Server does not keep pulled records locked. When the application calls
Push, the changes made to the local SQL Server CE database are unconditionally applied to the SQL Server database. This might cause changes made by other users of the SQL
Server database to be lost.

The following examples show how an application calls the Push method. These examples assume that the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured with the Microsoft Internet
Information Services (IIS) virtual directory name sqlce, and that it is configured to require HTTP Basic authentication.

Examples

Visual Basic .NET

eMbedded Visual Basic

See Also

RDA Conflict Detection and Resolution

Using the Pull Method

Using the SubmitSQL Method

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An application calls the Push method to transmit changes from a pulled tracked table in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Window CE
Edition (SQL Server CE) back to a SQL Server table. For more information, see Push Method.

The application must have created the local SQL Server CE table by calling the Pull method with the tracking option set on.

Up One Level
Using the Pull Method Remote data access (RDA) tracked Pull and Push methods use optimistic concurrency control. SQL Server does not keep pulled
records locked. When the application calls Push, the changes made to the local SQL Server CE database are unconditionally applied
Using the Push Method to the SQL Server database. This might cause changes made by other users of the SQL Server database to be lost.

Using the SubmitSQL Method

Handling RDA Errors The following examples show how an application calls the Push method. These examples assume that the SQL Server CE Server
Agent is configured with the Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) virtual directory name sqlce, and that it is configured to
RDA Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools require HTTP Basic authentication.

Examples

Visual Basic .NET

eMbedded Visual Basic

See Also

RDA Conflict Detection and Resolution

Using the Pull Method

Using the SubmitSQL Method

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Using the SubmitSQL Method

An application calls the SubmitSQL method to submit SQL statements for execution on a database on a remote instance of Microsoft® SQL Server™. For more information, see
SubmitSQL Method.

The following examples show how an application calls the SubmitSQL. These examples assume that the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured with the Microsoft Internet Information
Services (IIS) virtual directory name sqlce, and that it is configured to require HTTP Basic authentication.

Examples

Visual Basic .NET

eMbedded Visual Basic

See Also

Using the Pull Method

Using the Push Method

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Using the SubmitSQL Method

An application calls the SubmitSQL method to submit SQL statements for execution on a database on a remote instance of
Microsoft® SQL Server™. For more information, see SubmitSQL Method.

The following examples show how an application calls the SubmitSQL. These examples assume that the SQL Server CE Server
Agent is configured with the Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) virtual directory name sqlce, and that it is configured to
Up One Level require HTTP Basic authentication.

Using the Pull Method

Using the Push Method Examples
Using the SubmitSQL Method
Handling RDA Errors C#

RDA Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools

Visual Basic .NET

eMbedded Visual Basic

See Also

Using the Pull Method

Using the Push Method

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Handling RDA Errors (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Handling RDA Errors

The type of Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) application that you develop determines the way in which remote data
access (RDA) errors are handled:

● Handling Errors in eMbedded Visual Tools Applications

In Microsoft eMbedded Visual Basic® and eMbedded Visual C++® applications, RDA errors are handled by using the SQL Server CE error control objects and collections.

● Handling Errors in Smart Device Applications

In C# and Visual Basic .NET, RDA errors are handled by using the Microsoft .NET Framework data providers error control objects and collections.

See Also

SQL Server CE Error Control Objects and Collections

Programmer's Reference for the .NET Framework Data Providers Error Control Objects and Collections

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Handling RDA Errors

The type of Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE)
application that you develop determines the way in which remote data access (RDA) errors
are handled:

Up One Level
Handling Errors in eMbedded Visual Tools Applications
Using the Pull Method
●

Using the Push Method In Microsoft eMbedded Visual Basic® and eMbedded Visual C++® applications, RDA errors are handled by using
the SQL Server CE error control objects and collections.
Using the SubmitSQL Method ● Handling Errors in Smart Device Applications

Handling RDA Errors

RDA Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools In C# and Visual Basic .NET, RDA errors are handled by using the Microsoft .NET Framework data providers error
control objects and collections.

See Also

SQL Server CE Error Control Objects and Collections

Programmer's Reference for the .NET Framework Data Providers Error Control Objects and
Collections

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SQL Server CE Books Online

RDA Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools

The topics in this section describe the methods and properties of the Remote Data Access
(RDA) object for the Microsoft® eMbedded Visual Tools environment. Applications use the
RDA object to access a database on a remote instance of Microsoft SQL Server™. For more
information about eMbedded Visual Tools, see Development Tools.
Up One Level
RDA Object Methods ● RDA Object Methods

RDA Object Properties

● RDA Object Properties

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RDA Object Methods

The following table lists and describes the methods that the RDA object supports for the Microsoft® eMbedded Visual Tools environment. For more information
about eMbedded Visual Tools, see Development Tools.

Up One Level
Method Description
Pull Method
Pull Method Extracts data from a Microsoft SQL Server™ database and stores that data in a table in a Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE)

Push Method database.

Push Method Sends changes from a locally tracked SQL Server CE table back to an existing SQL Server table.
SubmitSQL Method SubmitSQL Method Submits SQL statements for execution on a remote SQL Server database.

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Pull Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Pull Method
Applications call the Pull method to extract data from a Microsoft® SQL Server™ database and stores that data in a table in a Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows®
CE Edition (SQL Server CE) database.

Applies To

SQL Server CE RDA object

Syntax

object.Pull (LocalTableName, SQLSelectString, OLEDBConnectionString, RDA_TRACKOPTION, ErrorTableName)

Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

LocalTableName Name of the SQL Server CE table that receives the extracted SQL Server records. An error occurs if the table already exists.

SQLSelectString Specifies which table, columns, and records to extract from the SQL Server database and store in the SQL Server CE database. This string can be any valid SQL
statement that returns rows, including SELECT statements or stored procedures.

OLEDBConnectionString OLE DB connection string used when connecting to the SQL Server database.

RDA_TRACKOPTION Indicates whether SQL Server CE should track changes made to the pulled table. When indexes are requested, indexes that exist on the table being pulled are brought
down to the device with the PRIMARY KEY constraints.

ErrorTableName Name of the local error table that is created if an error occurs when the Push method is later called to send changes back to SQL Server. This option can be specified
only when RDA_TRACKOPTION is TRACKINGON.

The RDA_TRACKOPTION enum specifies whether the table being pulled to the device is tracked or not tracked.

Constant Value Description

TRACKINGON 1 SQL Server CE tracks all changes to the pulled table. PRIMARY KEY constraints related to the specified SQLSelectString are created on the local
table. (Default)

TRACKINGOFF 0 SQL Server CE does not track changes to the pulled table. No PPRIMARY KEY constraints are created locally.

TRACKINGON_INDEXES 2 SQL Server CE tracks all changes to the pulled table. Indexes and PRIMARY KEY constraints that existed on the SQL Server table specified in
SQLSelectString are created on the local table.

TRACKINGOFF_INDEXES 3 SQL Server does not track changes to the pulled table. Indexes and PRIMARY KEY constraints that existed on the SQL Server table specified in
SQLSelectString are created on the local table.

Remarks

The InternetURL property must contain the URL of the SQL Server CE Server Agent.

The LocalConnectionString property must contain the OLE DB connection string for the SQL Server CE database on the Windows CE-based device.

The InternetLogin and InternetPassword properties must be specified if the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured to use Basic authentication.

SQLSelectString controls which data is pulled from the SQL Server table. An error occurs if the resulting recordset contains an unsupported data type, such as
timestamp. The SQLSelectString can specify a WHERE clause to control which records are returned. For example, SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE State='CA'
retrieves customers who live in California only. SQLSelectString also supports stored procedures and views that return rows. SQLSelectString can also pull selected
columns from multiple tables into a single table using TRACKINGOFF. For more information about data access and limitation, see Supported Data Types and Data
Type Mappings and RDA Limitations.

RDA_TRACKOPTION specifies whether SQL Server CE should track changes to the pulled table. Specify TRACKINGON or TRACKINGON_INDEXES if you want to
update the pulled table on the Windows CE-based device and then push changed records back to the original SQL Server table. When TRACKINGON is specified,
PRIMARY KEY constraints are created on the pulled table. When TRACKINGON_INDEXES is specified, PRIMARY KEY constraints and related indexes are created on
the pulled table. In both cases, SQL Server CE keeps track of every record that is inserted, updated, or deleted in the local table.

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Pull Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

Note An index is created only if the column(s) that makes up the index is pulled.

When the application calls the Push method, SQL Server CE uses the change tracking information to locate the inserted, updated, and deleted records in the local
SQL Server CE table and propagate these changes back to SQL Server.

The following restrictions apply when RDA_TRACKOPTION is set to TRACKINGON or TRACKINGON_INDEXES:

● An error occurs if the SELECT statement returns a nonupdatable recordset.

● A primary key must be defined on the updatable recordset returned by the SELECT statement.
● The SELECT statement can reference a view or stored procedure, but the view or stored procedure must reference only one table and must be updatable.
● When TRACKINGON_INDEXES is specified, indexes that exist on the SQL Server table and are relevant to the columns specified in SQLSelectString are created against the SQL Server CE local table specified in
LocalTableName.

ErrorTableName specifies the name of the table in which Push errors should be stored. If an error arises when the application calls the Push method, SQL Server CE
creates the error table and inserts a record in the table for each error that occurs. When the Push method completes, the application can examine the error table to
determine whether errors have occurred. ErrorTableName can be specified only when TRACKINGON or TRACKINGON_INDEXES is specified. For more information
about how the error table works, see RDA Conflict Detection and Resolution.

The client must have the appropriate security privileges to read the SQL Server table.

If SQL Server authentication is used, the user ID specified in OLEDBConnectionString must have the authority to read the SQL Server table.

If Windows authentication is used by setting INTEGRATED SECURITY="SSPI" in OLEDBConnectionString, the Internet user must have the authority to read the
SQL Server table.

● When Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) is configured to use Anonymous access, the Internet user runs under the identity of the Internet Guest Account (IUSR_computername). If you configure another
Windows user account as the IIS anonymous user account, the Internet user runs under the identity of that account.
● When IIS is configured to use Basic authentication, the Internet user runs under the identity of the Windows user account for which the client supplied the Internet user name and password.
● When IIS is configured to use Integrated Windows authentication, the Internet user runs under the client's identity.

See Also

Configuring Security for Connectivity

OLE DB and SQL Server CE

RDA Object Methods

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Up One Level
Applies To
Pull Method
Push Method SQL Server CE RDA object
SubmitSQL Method

Syntax

object.Pull (LocalTableName, SQLSelectString, OLEDBConnectionString, RDA_TRACKOPTION, ErrorTableName)

Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

LocalTableName Name of the SQL Server CE table that receives the extracted SQL Server records. An error occurs if the table already exists.

OLEDBConnectionString OLE DB connection string used when connecting to the SQL Server database.

The RDA_TRACKOPTION enum specifies whether the table being pulled to the device is tracked or not tracked.

Constant Value Description

TRACKINGON 1 SQL Server CE tracks all changes to the pulled table. PRIMARY KEY constraints related to the specified SQLSelectString are created on the local
table. (Default)

TRACKINGOFF 0 SQL Server CE does not track changes to the pulled table. No PPRIMARY KEY constraints are created locally.

Remarks

The InternetURL property must contain the URL of the SQL Server CE Server Agent.

The LocalConnectionString property must contain the OLE DB connection string for the SQL Server CE database on the Windows CE-based device.

The InternetLogin and InternetPassword properties must be specified if the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured to use Basic authentication.

Note An index is created only if the column(s) that makes up the index is pulled.

The following restrictions apply when RDA_TRACKOPTION is set to TRACKINGON or TRACKINGON_INDEXES:

● An error occurs if the SELECT statement returns a nonupdatable recordset.

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The client must have the appropriate security privileges to read the SQL Server table.

If SQL Server authentication is used, the user ID specified in OLEDBConnectionString must have the authority to read the SQL Server table.

If Windows authentication is used by setting INTEGRATED SECURITY="SSPI" in OLEDBConnectionString, the Internet user must have the authority to read the
SQL Server table.

See Also

Configuring Security for Connectivity

OLE DB and SQL Server CE

RDA Object Methods

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Push Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Push Method
Applications call the Push method to transmit changes from a pulled tracked table in Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) back to
the originating table in Microsoft SQL Server. These changes can either be individually applied to the server or batched together in a single transaction.

Applies To

SQL Server CE RDA object

Syntax

object.Push (LocalTableName, OLEDBConnectionString, RDA_BATCHOPTION)

Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

LocalTableName Name of the pulled tracked SQL Server CE table containing updated records to be sent back to the SQL Server table.

OLEDBConnectionString OLE DB connection string for the SQL Server database.

RDA_BATCHOPTION Specifies whether the rows being sent back to the SQL Server table should be batched together in a single transaction or individually applied.

The RDA_BATCHOPTION enum specifies whether the rows associated with the Push should be batched together in a single transaction.

Constant Value Description

BATCHINGOFF 0 SQL Server CE does not batch rows pushed to SQL Server. The server processes each row. (Default)

BATCHINGON 1 SQL Server CE batches the rows pushed to SQL Server into a single transaction.

Remarks

The InternetURL property must contain the URL of the SQL Server CE Server Agent.

The LocalConnectionString property must contain the OLE DB connection string for the SQL Server CE database on the Windows CE-based device.

The InternetLogin and InternetPassword properties must be specified if the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured to use Basic authentication.

Applications call the Push method to transmit changes from a pulled tracked SQL Server CE table back to a SQL Server table. The application must have created
the local SQL Server CE table by calling the Pull method with RDA_TRACKOPTION set to TRACKINGON.

OLEDBConnectionString specifies all the connect information used while connecting to SQL Server. The connection string passed must allow for appropriate security
privileges on the table referenced in the SQL statement.

If ErrorTableName was specified when the Pull method was called, any errors that are detected during the Push are logged in the error table. For more information
about how the error table works, see RDA Conflict Detection and Resolution.

RDA_BATCHOPTION specifies whether SQL Server CE should batch the changes being sent to the SQL Server table. The default setting is BATCHINGOFF, where
changes (insert, update, and delete) are applied to the SQL Server table as individual transactions. Each transaction is not dependent on the other to succeed.
BATCHINGON specifies that all changes be sent as a single transaction. In this case, all changes must succeed ifor the transaction to be successful. If one change
fails, the entire transaction fails, and no changes are applied to the SQL Server table.

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Push Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

stored in the error table and the other two changes are applied to the SQL Server table. For more information about handling batch errors, see RDA Conflict
Detection and Resolution.

The client must have the appropriate security privileges to read and update the SQL Server table.

If SQL Server authentication is used, the user ID specified in OLEDBConnectionString must have the authority to read and update the SQL Server table.

If Windows authentication is used by setting INTEGRATED SECURITY="SSPI" in OLEDBConnectionString, the Internet user must have the authority to read and
update the SQL Server table.

See Also

Configuring Security for Connectivity

OLE DB and SQL Server CE

RDA Object Methods

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Up One Level
Applies To
Pull Method
Push Method SQL Server CE RDA object
SubmitSQL Method

Syntax

object.Push (LocalTableName, OLEDBConnectionString, RDA_BATCHOPTION)

Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

LocalTableName Name of the pulled tracked SQL Server CE table containing updated records to be sent back to the SQL Server table.

OLEDBConnectionString OLE DB connection string for the SQL Server database.

RDA_BATCHOPTION Specifies whether the rows being sent back to the SQL Server table should be batched together in a single transaction or individually applied.

The RDA_BATCHOPTION enum specifies whether the rows associated with the Push should be batched together in a single transaction.

Constant Value Description

BATCHINGOFF 0 SQL Server CE does not batch rows pushed to SQL Server. The server processes each row. (Default)

BATCHINGON 1 SQL Server CE batches the rows pushed to SQL Server into a single transaction.

Remarks

The InternetURL property must contain the URL of the SQL Server CE Server Agent.

The LocalConnectionString property must contain the OLE DB connection string for the SQL Server CE database on the Windows CE-based device.

The InternetLogin and InternetPassword properties must be specified if the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured to use Basic authentication.

Both BATCHINGON and BATCHINGOFF return all errors to the error table, not just the first error that occurs. For example, if BATCHINGON is specified and
three out of five changes fail, no changes are applied and all three failures are stored in the error table. If BATCHINGOFF is specified, the same three failures are
stored in the error table and the other two changes are applied to the SQL Server table. For more information about handling batch errors, see RDA Conflict
Detection and Resolution.

The client must have the appropriate security privileges to read and update the SQL Server table.

If SQL Server authentication is used, the user ID specified in OLEDBConnectionString must have the authority to read and update the SQL Server table.

If Windows authentication is used by setting INTEGRATED SECURITY="SSPI" in OLEDBConnectionString, the Internet user must have the authority to read and
update the SQL Server table.

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RDA Object Methods

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SubmitSQL Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

SubmitSQL Method
Applications call the SubmitSQL method to submit SQL statements for execution on a database on a remote instance of Microsoft® SQL Server™.

Applies To

SQL Server CE RDA object

Syntax

object.SubmitSQL (SQLString, OLEDBConnectionString)

Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

SQLString Any SQL statement that does not return rows

OLEDBConnectionString OLE DB connection string for the remote SQL Server database

Remarks

The InternetURL property must contain the URL of the SQL Server CE Server Agent.

The LocalConnectionString property must contain the OLE DB connection string for the SQL Server CE database on the Windows CE-based device.

The InternetLogin and InternetPassword properties must be specified if the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured to use HTTP Basic authentication.

The client must have the appropriate security privileges to execute the statement specified in the SubmitSQL method.

If SQL Server authentication is used, the user ID specified in OLEDBConnectionString must have the authority to execute the SQL statement.

If Windows authentication is used by setting INTEGRATED SECURITY="SSPI" in OLEDBConnectionString, the Internet user must have the authority to execute
the SQL statement.

See Also

Configuring Security for Connectivity

OLE DB and SQL Server CE

RDA Object Methods

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SubmitSQL Method
Applications call the SubmitSQL method to submit SQL statements for execution on a database on a remote instance of Microsoft® SQL Server™.

Up One Level Applies To

Pull Method
Push Method SQL Server CE RDA object

SubmitSQL Method
Syntax

object.SubmitSQL (SQLString, OLEDBConnectionString)

Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

SQLString Any SQL statement that does not return rows

OLEDBConnectionString OLE DB connection string for the remote SQL Server database

Remarks

The InternetURL property must contain the URL of the SQL Server CE Server Agent.

The LocalConnectionString property must contain the OLE DB connection string for the SQL Server CE database on the Windows CE-based device.

The InternetLogin and InternetPassword properties must be specified if the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured to use HTTP Basic authentication.

The client must have the appropriate security privileges to execute the statement specified in the SubmitSQL method.

If SQL Server authentication is used, the user ID specified in OLEDBConnectionString must have the authority to execute the SQL statement.

If Windows authentication is used by setting INTEGRATED SECURITY="SSPI" in OLEDBConnectionString, the Internet user must have the authority to execute
the SQL statement.

See Also

Configuring Security for Connectivity

OLE DB and SQL Server CE

RDA Object Methods

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RDA Object Properties

The following table lists the properties that the Remote Data Access (RDA) object supports, and the methods to which they apply, for the Microsoft® eMbedded
Visual Tools development environment.

Up One Level Property Pull Push SubmitSQL

ErrorRecords Property (RDA) ErrorRecords Property Read-only Read-only Read-only

InternetURL Property Required Required Required

InternetURL Property (RDA) InternetLogin Property Optional Optional Optional

InternetLogin Property (RDA) InternetPassword Property Optional Optional Optional

InternetPassword Property (RDA) InternetProxyServer Property Optional Optional Optional

InternetProxyServer Property (RDA) InternetProxyLogin Property Optional Optional Optional

InternetProxyLogin Property (RDA) InternetProxyPassword Property Optional Optional Optional

LocalConnectionString Property Required Required N/A

InternetProxyPassword Property (RDA)
LocalConnectionString Property (RDA)

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ErrorRecords Property (RDA) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

ErrorRecords Property (RDA)

The ErrorRecords property contains the SSCEErrors collection for the Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) RDA object.

Applies To

SQL Server CE RDA object

Syntax

object.ErrorRecords [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value Error records string

Remarks

The SSCEErrors collection is loaded when a SQL Server CE RDA object method call fails. The error records in the collection remain available until the next SQL
Server CE RDA object method is called.

Data Type

SSCEErrors

Modifiable

Read-only

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_ErrorRecords(SSCEErrors *pVal);

See Also

RDA Object Properties

SSCEError Object

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ErrorRecords Property (RDA)

The ErrorRecords property contains the SSCEErrors collection for the Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) RDA object.

Up One Level Applies To

ErrorRecords Property (RDA)
InternetURL Property (RDA) SQL Server CE RDA object

InternetLogin Property (RDA)

InternetPassword Property (RDA) Syntax
InternetProxyServer Property (RDA)
InternetProxyLogin Property (RDA) object.ErrorRecords [= value]

InternetProxyPassword Property (RDA)

LocalConnectionString Property (RDA) Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value Error records string

Remarks

The SSCEErrors collection is loaded when a SQL Server CE RDA object method call fails. The error records in the collection remain available until the next SQL
Server CE RDA object method is called.

Data Type

SSCEErrors

Modifiable

Read-only

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_ErrorRecords(SSCEErrors *pVal);

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See Also

RDA Object Properties

SSCEError Object

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InternetURL Property (RDA) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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InternetURL Property (RDA)

The InternetURL property specifies the URL used to connect to the SQL Server CE Server Agent. The SQL Server CE Server Agent connects the Microsoft SQL
Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) client to the Microsoft SQL Server database. This property must be specified.

Applies To

SQL Server CE RDA object

Syntax

object.InternetURL [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value URL string, including the location of the SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll), for example: http://www.northwindtraders.com/sqlce/sscesa20.dll.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetURL(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_ InternetURL (BSTR newVal);

See Also

Configuring Security for Connectivity

RDA Object Properties

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InternetURL Property (RDA)

Up One Level
Applies To
ErrorRecords Property (RDA)
InternetURL Property (RDA) SQL Server CE RDA object
InternetLogin Property (RDA)
InternetPassword Property (RDA)
Syntax
InternetProxyServer Property (RDA)
InternetProxyLogin Property (RDA) object.InternetURL [= value]
InternetProxyPassword Property (RDA)
LocalConnectionString Property (RDA) Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value URL string, including the location of the SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll), for example: http://www.northwindtraders.com/sqlce/sscesa20.dll.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetURL(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_ InternetURL (BSTR newVal);

See Also

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Configuring Security for Connectivity

RDA Object Properties

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InternetLogin Property (RDA) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

InternetLogin Property (RDA)

The InternetLogin property specifies the Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) login name that is used when connecting to the SQL Server CE Server
Agent.

Applies To

SQL Server CE RDA object

Syntax

object.InternetLogin [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value IIS login name. The default is no login.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetLogin(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_ InternetLogin (BSTR newVal);

Remarks

InternetLogin is required if the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured to use Basic authentication or Integrated Windows authentication. When Integrated
Windows authentication is used, InternetLogin is not passed across the network.

See Also

Configuring Security for Connectivity

RDA Object Properties

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InternetLogin Property (RDA) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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InternetLogin Property (RDA)

The InternetLogin property specifies the Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) login name that is used when connecting to the SQL Server CE Server
Agent.

Up One Level
Applies To
ErrorRecords Property (RDA)
InternetURL Property (RDA) SQL Server CE RDA object
InternetLogin Property (RDA)
InternetPassword Property (RDA)
Syntax
InternetProxyServer Property (RDA)
InternetProxyLogin Property (RDA) object.InternetLogin [= value]
InternetProxyPassword Property (RDA)
LocalConnectionString Property (RDA) Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value IIS login name. The default is no login.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetLogin(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_ InternetLogin (BSTR newVal);

Remarks

InternetLogin is required if the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured to use Basic authentication or Integrated Windows authentication. When Integrated

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Windows authentication is used, InternetLogin is not passed across the network.

See Also

Configuring Security for Connectivity

RDA Object Properties

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InternetPassword Property (RDA) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

InternetPassword Property (RDA)

The InternetPassword property specifies the Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) password that is used when connecting to the SQL Server CE Server
Agent.

Applies To

SQL Server CE RDA object

Syntax

object.InternetPassword [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value IIS password string. The default is no password.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetPassword(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_InternetPassword(BSTR newVal);

Remarks

InternetPassword is required if the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured to use Basic authentication or Integrated Windows authentication. When Integrated
Windows authentication is used, InternetPassword is not passed across the network.

When using Basic authentication, you should configure IIS to use Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Private Communication Technology (PCT) encryption to safeguard
user passwords. In the absence of SSL or PCT encryption, Basic authentication transmits passwords across the network in clear text form. This is unsafe; therefore,
it is strongly recommend that you always use SSL or PCT encryption to safeguard passwords when you use Basic authentication.

See Also

Configuring Security for Connectivity

RDA Object Properties

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InternetPassword Property (RDA) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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InternetPassword Property (RDA)

The InternetPassword property specifies the Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) password that is used when connecting to the SQL Server CE Server
Agent.

Up One Level
Applies To
ErrorRecords Property (RDA)
InternetURL Property (RDA) SQL Server CE RDA object
InternetLogin Property (RDA)
InternetPassword Property (RDA)
Syntax
InternetProxyServer Property (RDA)
InternetProxyLogin Property (RDA) object.InternetPassword [= value]
InternetProxyPassword Property (RDA)
LocalConnectionString Property (RDA) Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value IIS password string. The default is no password.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetPassword(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_InternetPassword(BSTR newVal);

Remarks

InternetPassword is required if the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured to use Basic authentication or Integrated Windows authentication. When Integrated

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Windows authentication is used, InternetPassword is not passed across the network.

See Also

Configuring Security for Connectivity

RDA Object Properties

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InternetProxyServer Property (RDA) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

InternetProxyServer Property (RDA)

The InternetProxyServer property specifies the proxy server to use when you access the HTTP resource specified in the InternetURL property.

Applies To

SQL Server CE RDA object

Syntax

object.InternetProxyServer [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value Proxy name (or IP address) and port number (ProxyServerName:Port)

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetProxyServer(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_ InternetProxyServer (BSTR newVal);

Remarks

If SQL Server CE Relay is properly configured on a desktop computer for serial, USB, or IR synchronization, InternetProxyServer must be set to ppp_peer:nn
where nn is a specified client port number, for example: exampleproxy:80.

If InternetProxyServer is not set or is empty, no proxy server is used.

See Also

Using SQL Server CE Relay

RDA Object Properties

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InternetProxyServer Property (RDA) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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InternetProxyServer Property (RDA)

The InternetProxyServer property specifies the proxy server to use when you access the HTTP resource specified in the InternetURL property.

Up One Level Applies To

ErrorRecords Property (RDA)
InternetURL Property (RDA) SQL Server CE RDA object

InternetLogin Property (RDA)

InternetPassword Property (RDA) Syntax
InternetProxyServer Property (RDA)
InternetProxyLogin Property (RDA) object.InternetProxyServer [= value]

InternetProxyPassword Property (RDA)

LocalConnectionString Property (RDA) Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value Proxy name (or IP address) and port number (ProxyServerName:Port)

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetProxyServer(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_ InternetProxyServer (BSTR newVal);

Remarks

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If InternetProxyServer is not set or is empty, no proxy server is used.

See Also

Using SQL Server CE Relay

RDA Object Properties

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InternetProxyLogin Property (RDA) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

InternetProxyLogin Property (RDA)

The InternetProxyLogin property specifies the login name used when you connect to a proxy server (defined in the InternetProxyServer property) that requires
authentication.

Applies To

SQL Server CE RDA object

Syntax

object.InternetProxyLogin [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value Proxy server login name. The default is no login.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetProxyLogin(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_ InternetProxyLogin (BSTR newVal);

Remarks

InternetProxyLogin is required if the proxy server is configured to use Basic authentication or Integrated Windows authentication, even if SQL Server CE Relay
has been configured.

See Also

InternetProxyServer Property (RDA)

Configuring Security for Connectivity

RDA Object Properties

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InternetProxyLogin Property (RDA) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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InternetProxyLogin Property (RDA)

The InternetProxyLogin property specifies the login name used when you connect to a proxy server (defined in the InternetProxyServer property) that requires
authentication.

Up One Level
Applies To
ErrorRecords Property (RDA)
InternetURL Property (RDA) SQL Server CE RDA object
InternetLogin Property (RDA)
InternetPassword Property (RDA)
Syntax
InternetProxyServer Property (RDA)
InternetProxyLogin Property (RDA) object.InternetProxyLogin [= value]
InternetProxyPassword Property (RDA)
LocalConnectionString Property (RDA) Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value Proxy server login name. The default is no login.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetProxyLogin(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_ InternetProxyLogin (BSTR newVal);

Remarks

InternetProxyLogin is required if the proxy server is configured to use Basic authentication or Integrated Windows authentication, even if SQL Server CE Relay

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has been configured.

See Also

InternetProxyServer Property (RDA)

Configuring Security for Connectivity

RDA Object Properties

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InternetProxyPassword Property (RDA) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

InternetProxyPassword Property (RDA)

The InternetProxyPassword property specifies the password used when you connect to a proxy server (defined in the InternetProxyServer property) that
requires authentication.

Applies To

SQL Server CE RDA object

Syntax

object.InternetProxyPassword [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value Proxy server password string. The default is no password.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetProxyPassword(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_InternetProxyPassword(BSTR newVal);

Remarks

This property is required if the proxy server is configured to use Basic authentication or Integrated Windows authentication, even if SQL Server CE Relay has been
configured.

See Also

InternetProxyServer Property (RDA)

Configuring Security for Connectivity

Using SQL Server CE Relay

RDA Object Properties

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InternetProxyPassword Property (RDA) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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InternetProxyPassword Property (RDA)

The InternetProxyPassword property specifies the password used when you connect to a proxy server (defined in the InternetProxyServer property) that
requires authentication.

Up One Level
Applies To
ErrorRecords Property (RDA)
InternetURL Property (RDA) SQL Server CE RDA object
InternetLogin Property (RDA)
InternetPassword Property (RDA)
Syntax
InternetProxyServer Property (RDA)
InternetProxyLogin Property (RDA) object.InternetProxyPassword [= value]
InternetProxyPassword Property (RDA)
LocalConnectionString Property (RDA) Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value Proxy server password string. The default is no password.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetProxyPassword(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_InternetProxyPassword(BSTR newVal);

Remarks

This property is required if the proxy server is configured to use Basic authentication or Integrated Windows authentication, even if SQL Server CE Relay has been

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configured.

See Also

InternetProxyServer Property (RDA)

Configuring Security for Connectivity

Using SQL Server CE Relay

RDA Object Properties

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LocalConnectionString Property (RDA) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

LocalConnectionString Property (RDA)

The LocalConnectionString property specifies the OLE DB connection string for the Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE)
database on the Microsoft Windows CE-based device.

Applies To

SQL Server CE RDA object

Syntax

object.LocalConnectionString [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value OLE DB connection string for the SQL Server CE database

The following connection properties are supported. All other connection properties are ignored.

Property Required/ optional Description

Provider Optional Indicates the name of the data source provider. If the provider is not specified, Microsoft.sqlserver.oledb.ce.2.0 is assumed.

Data source Required Indicates the name of the database. By convention, specify the .sdf file extension for the SQL Server CE databases.

SSCE:Database Password Optional Indicates the database password.

This property must be specified if the database was created with a password.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_LocalConnectionString(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_LocalConnectionString(BSTR newVal);

Examples

object.LocalConnectionString = "Data Source=\NorthwindRDA.sdf; SSCE:Database Password=mypassword"

See Also

OLE DB and SQL Server CE

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LocalConnectionString Property (RDA) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

RDA Object Properties

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LocalConnectionString Property (RDA)

Up One Level
Applies To
ErrorRecords Property (RDA)
InternetURL Property (RDA) SQL Server CE RDA object
InternetLogin Property (RDA)
InternetPassword Property (RDA)
Syntax
InternetProxyServer Property (RDA)
InternetProxyLogin Property (RDA) object.LocalConnectionString [= value]
InternetProxyPassword Property (RDA)
LocalConnectionString Property (RDA) Part Description
object SQL Server CE RDA object

value OLE DB connection string for the SQL Server CE database

The following connection properties are supported. All other connection properties are ignored.

Property Required/ optional Description

Provider Optional Indicates the name of the data source provider. If the provider is not specified, Microsoft.sqlserver.oledb.ce.2.0 is assumed.

Data source Required Indicates the name of the database. By convention, specify the .sdf file extension for the SQL Server CE databases.

SSCE:Database Password Optional Indicates the database password.

This property must be specified if the database was created with a password.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

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Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_LocalConnectionString(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_LocalConnectionString(BSTR newVal);

Examples

object.LocalConnectionString = "Data Source=\NorthwindRDA.sdf; SSCE:Database Password=mypassword"

See Also

OLE DB and SQL Server CE

RDA Object Properties

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Replication

You can programmatically access the replication features of Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000
Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) through a Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET or Microsoft
eMbedded Visual Tools application running on a Microsoft Windows CE-based device.
Replication features that allow you to create, synchronize and manage replicated SQL
Up One Level Server data are supported between SQL Server CE and SQL Server 2000 Service Pack 1 or
higher.
Creating a Subscription
Synchronizing a Subscription To program SQL Server CE replication functionality in a Visual Studio .NET development
environment, use the .NET Compact Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE, which
Reinitializing a Subscription provides the System.Data.SqlServerCe.SqlCeReplication class. For information about
the methods and properties of the SqlCeReplication class and other classes in the
Dropping a Subscription System.Data.SqlServerCe namespace, see .NET Compact Framework Data Providers.

Handling Replication Errors

Replication Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools To program replication in the eMbedded Visual Tools development environment, use the
SQL Server CE ActiveX® Control Replication object. The following topics in this section
describe the concepts for building Windows CE-based applications by using the SQL Server
CE Replication object with eMbedded Visual Tools and the SqlCeReplication class with the
.NET Compact Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE:

● Creating a Subscription.
● Synchronizing a Subscription
● Reinitializing a Subscription
● Dropping a Subscription

This section also contains a programmer's reference that describes the methods and
properties of the Replication object for the Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools environment.
For more information, see Replication Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools.

Automating Management of Replication Processes

Users should be shielded from the details of replication by automatically subscribing to and
downloading any publications the application needs. An application should use the
Replication object to initiate database synchronization whenever synchronization is required.
For example, an application might trigger synchronization when it detects that the Windows
CE-based device is reconnected to the network, when the application has updated critical
database information, when the user requests synchronization, or when a certain time
period has elapsed. If an application is deleted from the Windows CE-based device, it should
delete any Subscriber databases that it no longer needs from the device.

For more information, see "Programming the SQL Merge ActiveX Control" and "Replication
ActiveX Control Interface Reference" in SQL Server Books Online.

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Creating a Subscription (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Creating a Subscription

Before you can create a subscription, you must configure Microsoft® SQL Server™ replication, create the SQL Server publication, and enable the
publication for anonymous subscriptions. For information about this process, see Implementing Replication.

After the publication is enabled for anonymous subscriptions and Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) is properly configured, you can create a
Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) subscription by using either of these ways:

● Calling the AddSubscription method

● Copying an existing subscription

Calling the AddSubscription Method

SQL Server CE applications use the Replication object to programmatically create an anonymous subscription and download that subscription to a SQL
Server CE database on a Microsoft Windows CE-based device. The application does this by creating the Replication object, setting the appropriate
Replication object properties, and calling the appropriate methods. The following examples show how this is done.

Copying an Existing Subscription

You can create a new subscription by copying an existing subscription from one Windows CE-based device to another. This makes it easy to deploy a
Windows CE-based application on many devices when all of the Subscribers are using the same publication. You can create the initial subscription on one
Windows CE-based device and then deploy the application by copying the application and the initial subscription to as many devices as you want. When
the application first synchronizes, SQL Server CE automatically recognizes it as a new Subscriber and creates a new subscription. By copying the initial
subscription to a device, you avoid downloading the initial subscription to the device over the network.

SQL Server CE supports both CompactFlash memory and CompactFlash disk drives. An efficient way to deploy large SQL Server CE databases is to
distribute them on these storage devices.

Note These storage devices have relatively long access times when compared to RAM. Using these devices may affect the
performance of your application.

The following examples show how an application subscribes to an existing SQL Server publication that has been enabled for anonymous subscriptions. The
examples assume that the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured with the IIS Web virtual directory name of sqlce and that it is configured to require
HTTP Basic authentication. The examples also assume that the SQL Server Publisher uses SQL Server authentication and the SQL Server Distributor is
located on the same server as the Publisher. The SubscriberConnectionString property specifies the name of the new SQL Server CE database. By
convention, SQL Server CE databases are assigned the file extension .sdf.

Examples

Visual Basic .NET

eMbedded Visual Basic

eMbedded Visual C++

See Also

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Creating a Subscription (SQL Server CE Books Online)

Replication Object Methods

SubscriberConnectionString Property

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Before you can create a subscription, you must configure Microsoft® SQL Server™ replication, create the SQL Server
publication, and enable the publication for anonymous subscriptions. For information about this process, see Implementing
Replication.

After the publication is enabled for anonymous subscriptions and Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) is properly
Up One Level configured, you can create a Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) subscription by using either of
these ways:
Creating a Subscription
Synchronizing a Subscription
Calling the AddSubscription method
Reinitializing a Subscription
●

● Copying an existing subscription

Dropping a Subscription
Handling Replication Errors Calling the AddSubscription Method
Replication Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools
SQL Server CE applications use the Replication object to programmatically create an anonymous subscription and download that
subscription to a SQL Server CE database on a Microsoft Windows CE-based device. The application does this by creating the
Replication object, setting the appropriate Replication object properties, and calling the appropriate methods. The following
examples show how this is done.

Copying an Existing Subscription

You can create a new subscription by copying an existing subscription from one Windows CE-based device to another. This
makes it easy to deploy a Windows CE-based application on many devices when all of the Subscribers are using the same
publication. You can create the initial subscription on one Windows CE-based device and then deploy the application by copying
the application and the initial subscription to as many devices as you want. When the application first synchronizes, SQL Server
CE automatically recognizes it as a new Subscriber and creates a new subscription. By copying the initial subscription to a
device, you avoid downloading the initial subscription to the device over the network.

SQL Server CE supports both CompactFlash memory and CompactFlash disk drives. An efficient way to deploy large SQL Server
CE databases is to distribute them on these storage devices.

Note These storage devices have relatively long access times when compared to RAM. Using these
devices may affect the performance of your application.

The following examples show how an application subscribes to an existing SQL Server publication that has been enabled for
anonymous subscriptions. The examples assume that the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured with the IIS Web virtual
directory name of sqlce and that it is configured to require HTTP Basic authentication. The examples also assume that the SQL
Server Publisher uses SQL Server authentication and the SQL Server Distributor is located on the same server as the Publisher.
The SubscriberConnectionString property specifies the name of the new SQL Server CE database. By convention, SQL Server
CE databases are assigned the file extension .sdf.

Examples

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C#

Visual Basic .NET

eMbedded Visual Basic

eMbedded Visual C++

See Also

Replication Object Methods

SubscriberConnectionString Property

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Reinitializing a Subscription (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Reinitializing a Subscription

An application uses the Replication object to reinitialize an existing Microsoft® SQL Server™ subscription so that a new snapshot is downloaded from the
Publisher. This is especially useful when the SQL Server CE subscription contains read-only data that is periodically updated at the Publisher.

In Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools, the application must call the ReinitializeSubscription, Initialize, Run, and Terminate methods in succession on a
single instance of the Replication object. This is essential because when the application calls ReinitializeSubscription, the existing replica is simply
marked for reinitialization. Only after the application calls Initialize, Run, and Terminate is the existing replica deleted and a new replica of the
publication downloaded from the Publisher to the Microsoft Windows® CE-based device. In Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET the process is the same, except
the Synchronize and Dispose methods are used in place of Initialize, Run and Terminate.

The following examples show how an application reinitializes a subscription. The examples assume that the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured with
the IIS Web virtual directory name of sqlce and that it was configured to require HTTP Basic authentication. The example also assumes that the SQL
Server Publisher uses SQL Server authentication and the SQL Server Distributor is located on the same server as the Publisher.

Examples

Visual Basic .NET

eMbedded Visual Basic

See Also

ReinitializeSubscription Method

Initialize Method

Run Method

Terminate Method

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An application uses the Replication object to reinitialize an existing Microsoft® SQL Server™ subscription so that a new snapshot
is downloaded from the Publisher. This is especially useful when the SQL Server CE subscription contains read-only data that is
periodically updated at the Publisher.

In Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools, the application must call the ReinitializeSubscription, Initialize, Run, and Terminate
Up One Level methods in succession on a single instance of the Replication object. This is essential because when the application calls
ReinitializeSubscription, the existing replica is simply marked for reinitialization. Only after the application calls Initialize,
Creating a Subscription Run, and Terminate is the existing replica deleted and a new replica of the publication downloaded from the Publisher to the
Microsoft Windows® CE-based device. In Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET the process is the same, except the Synchronize and
Synchronizing a Subscription Dispose methods are used in place of Initialize, Run and Terminate.

Reinitializing a Subscription
Dropping a Subscription The following examples show how an application reinitializes a subscription. The examples assume that the SQL Server CE
Server Agent is configured with the IIS Web virtual directory name of sqlce and that it was configured to require HTTP Basic
Handling Replication Errors authentication. The example also assumes that the SQL Server Publisher uses SQL Server authentication and the SQL Server
Distributor is located on the same server as the Publisher.
Replication Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools

Examples

Visual Basic .NET

eMbedded Visual Basic

See Also

ReinitializeSubscription Method

Initialize Method

Run Method

Terminate Method

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Synchronizing a Subscription (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Synchronizing a Subscription

An application uses the Replication object to synchronize an existing Microsoft® SQL Server™ subscription. In Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET, the
application must call the Synchronize and Dispose methods on a single instance of the Replication object. In Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools, the
application must call the Initialize, Run, and Terminate methods in succession on a single instance of the Replication object.

Note SQL Server CE subscriptions must always be synchronized with the original Publisher; two SQL Server CE subscriptions
cannot be directly synchronized with one another.

The following examples show how an application initiates synchronization. The examples assume that the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured with
the Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) Web virtual directory name of sqlce and that it is configured to require HTTP Basic authentication. The
examples also assume that the SQL Server Publisher uses SQL Server authentication and the SQL Server Distributor is located on the same server as the
Publisher.

Examples

Visual Basic .NET

eMbedded Visual Basic

eMbedded Visual C++

See Also

Initialize Method

Run Method

Terminate Method

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An application uses the Replication object to synchronize an existing Microsoft® SQL Server™ subscription. In Microsoft Visual
Studio® .NET, the application must call the Synchronize and Dispose methods on a single instance of the Replication object.
In Microsoft eMbedded Visual Tools, the application must call the Initialize, Run, and Terminate methods in succession on a
single instance of the Replication object.

Up One Level Note SQL Server CE subscriptions must always be synchronized with the original Publisher; two SQL
Server CE subscriptions cannot be directly synchronized with one another.
Creating a Subscription
Synchronizing a Subscription
The following examples show how an application initiates synchronization. The examples assume that the SQL Server CE Server
Reinitializing a Subscription Agent is configured with the Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) Web virtual directory name of sqlce and that it is
configured to require HTTP Basic authentication. The examples also assume that the SQL Server Publisher uses SQL Server
Dropping a Subscription authentication and the SQL Server Distributor is located on the same server as the Publisher.

Handling Replication Errors

Replication Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools Examples

Visual Basic .NET

eMbedded Visual Basic

eMbedded Visual C++

See Also

Initialize Method

Run Method

Terminate Method

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Dropping a Subscription (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Dropping a Subscription

A Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) application can use the Replication object to drop an anonymous subscription and
optionally delete the SQL Server CE database from the Microsoft Windows CE-based device.

In the following examples, an application drops an existing subscription and deletes the SQL Server CE database from the Windows CE-based device.

Examples

Visual Basic .NET

eMbedded Visual Basic

eMbedded C++

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A Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) application can use the Replication object to drop an
anonymous subscription and optionally delete the SQL Server CE database from the Microsoft Windows CE-based device.

In the following examples, an application drops an existing subscription and deletes the SQL Server CE database from the
Windows CE-based device.
Up One Level
Creating a Subscription
Synchronizing a Subscription Examples
Reinitializing a Subscription
C#
Dropping a Subscription
Handling Replication Errors
Visual Basic .NET
Replication Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools

eMbedded Visual Basic

eMbedded C++

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Handling Replication Errors (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Handling Replication Errors

The type of Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) application that you develop determines the way in which replication
errors are handled:

● Handling Errors in eMbedded Visual Tools Applications

In the Microsoft® eMbedded Visual Basic® and Microsoft eMbedded Visual C++®, replication errors are handled by using SQL Server CE error control objects and collections.

● Handling Errors in Smart Device Applications

In C# and Visual Basic .NET, replication errors are handled by using the Microsoft .NET Framework data providers error control objects and collections.

See Also

SQL Server CE Error Control Objects and Collections

Programmer's Reference for the .NET Framework Data Providers Error Control Objects and Collections

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Handling Replication Errors

The type of Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE)
application that you develop determines the way in which replication errors are handled:

Up One Level ● Handling Errors in eMbedded Visual Tools Applications

Creating a Subscription
Synchronizing a Subscription In the Microsoft® eMbedded Visual Basic® and Microsoft eMbedded Visual C++®, replication errors are handled by
using SQL Server CE error control objects and collections.

Reinitializing a Subscription ● Handling Errors in Smart Device Applications

Dropping a Subscription In C# and Visual Basic .NET, replication errors are handled by using the Microsoft .NET Framework data providers

Handling Replication Errors error control objects and collections.

Replication Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools

See Also

SQL Server CE Error Control Objects and Collections

Programmer's Reference for the .NET Framework Data Providers Error Control Objects and
Collections

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SQL Server CE Books Online

Replication Programmer's Reference for eMbedded Visual Tools

The topics in this section describe the methods and properties of the Replication object used
in the Microsoft® eMbedded Visual Tools development environment. For more information
about eMbedded Visual Tools, see Development Tools.

Up One Level
Replication Object Methods ●

●
Replication Object Methods
Replication Object Properties

Replication Object Properties

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Replication Object Methods

The following table lists and describes the methods that the Replication object supports for the Microsoft® eMbedded Visual Tools development environment. For
more information about eMbedded Visual Tools, see Development Tools.

Up One Level Method Description

AddSubscription Method AddSubscription Method Creates a new anonymous subscription to an existing Microsoft SQL Server™ publication.

DropSubscription Method
DropSubscription Method Drops the subscription to a SQL Server publication and optionally deletes the Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE) database from
the Microsoft Windows CE-based device.

ReinitializeSubscription Method ReinitializeSubscription Method Marks a subscription for reinitialization.

Initialize Method Initializes merge replication.

Initialize Method
Run Method Invokes merge replication.

Run Method Terminate Method Completes merge replication.

Terminate Method

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AddSubscription Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

AddSubscription Method
Applications call the AddSubscription method to create a new anonymous subscription to an existing Microsoft® SQL Server™ publication. After calling the
AddSubscription method, the application must call the Initialize, Run, and Terminate methods to synchronize the new subscription to the publication based on
the latest snapshot.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.AddSubscription(DBADDOPTION)

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

DBADDOPTION Add subscription option.

The DBADDOPTION specifies the source of the newly created database in Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).

Constant Value Description

EXISTING_DATABASE 0 Assumes the SQL Server CE database is already created.

CREATE_DATABASE 1 Causes the SQL Server CE database to be created on the Microsoft Windows CE-based device (Default).

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT AddSubscription(DBADDOPTION DBAddOption);

Returns

Return code Description

S_OK Method succeeded.

Any FAILED(HRESULT) Check the SSCEErrors collection for detailed error information.

Remarks

SQL Server CE replication only supports anonymous subscriptions.

The database administrator must configure SQL Server to support replication, create the SQL Server publication, and enable the publication for anonymous
subscriptions before any SQL Server CE application can subscribe to the publication. The administrator does this on the SQL Server system using either the
administrative or programmatic interfaces of SQL Server replication

The DBADDOPTION value EXISTING_DATABASE specifies that the database already exists, but contents are obtained from the Publisher over the network. In this
case, the AddSubscription, Initialize, Run, and Terminate method calls create the SQL Server CE subscription and download the database contents from the
SQL Server Publisher.

The DBADDOPTION value CREATE_DATABASE specifies that the SQL Server CE database must first be created then the subscription contents are obtained from the
Publisher over the network. In this case, the AddSubscription, Initialize, Run, and Terminate method calls create the SQL Server CE database and download
the database contents from the SQL Server Publisher.

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AddSubscription Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

The DBADDOPTION parameter only affects how the SQL Server CE database is initially created and treated by the SQL Server CE Client Agent; therefore,
determining what data is downloaded to the Windows CE-based device from the server.

See Also

Replication Object Methods

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Up One Level
Applies To
AddSubscription Method
DropSubscription Method SQL Server CE Replication object
ReinitializeSubscription Method
Initialize Method
Syntax
Run Method
Terminate Method object.AddSubscription(DBADDOPTION)

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

DBADDOPTION Add subscription option.

The DBADDOPTION specifies the source of the newly created database in Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).

Constant Value Description

EXISTING_DATABASE 0 Assumes the SQL Server CE database is already created.

CREATE_DATABASE 1 Causes the SQL Server CE database to be created on the Microsoft Windows CE-based device (Default).

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT AddSubscription(DBADDOPTION DBAddOption);

Returns

Return code Description

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S_OK Method succeeded.

Any FAILED(HRESULT) Check the SSCEErrors collection for detailed error information.

Remarks

SQL Server CE replication only supports anonymous subscriptions.

See Also

Replication Object Methods

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DropSubscription Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DropSubscription Method
Applications call the DropSubscription method to drop the subscription to a Microsoft® SQL Server™ publication and optionally delete the Microsoft SQL Server
2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) database from the Microsoft Windows CE-based device.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.DropSubscription(DBDROPOPTION)

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object.

DBDROPOPTION Indicates whether the SQL Server CE database should be deleted. (Optional)

DBDROPOPTION specifies whether to delete or leave the SQL Server CE database.

Constant Value Description

DROP_DATABASE 1 Deletes the SQL Server CE database (Default).

LEAVE_DATABASE 0 Deletes the replication system tables and three replication system columns in the user tables but does not delete the database.

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT DropSubscription(DBDROPOPTION DBDropOption);

Returns

Return code Description

S_OK Method succeeded.

Any FAILED(HRESULT) Check the SSCEErrors collection for detailed error information.

Replication Object Methods

SSCEErrors Collection

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Up One Level Applies To

AddSubscription Method
SQL Server CE Replication object
DropSubscription Method
ReinitializeSubscription Method
Initialize Method Syntax
Run Method
Terminate Method object.DropSubscription(DBDROPOPTION)

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object.

DBDROPOPTION Indicates whether the SQL Server CE database should be deleted. (Optional)

DBDROPOPTION specifies whether to delete or leave the SQL Server CE database.

Constant Value Description

DROP_DATABASE 1 Deletes the SQL Server CE database (Default).

LEAVE_DATABASE 0 Deletes the replication system tables and three replication system columns in the user tables but does not delete the database.

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT DropSubscription(DBDROPOPTION DBDropOption);

Returns

Return code Description

S_OK Method succeeded.

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Any FAILED(HRESULT) Check the SSCEErrors collection for detailed error information.

Replication Object Methods

SSCEErrors Collection

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ReinitializeSubscription Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

ReinitializeSubscription Method
Applications call the ReinitializeSubscription method to mark a subscription for reinitialization. After calling the ReinitializeSubscription method, the
application must call the Initialize, Run, and Terminate methods to download the latest snapshot of the publication to the Microsoft® Windows® CE-based
device.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.ReinitializeSubscription(bUploadBeforeReInit)

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

bUploadBeforeReInit If True, the changes in the subscription database are uploaded to the Publisher before the snapshot is applied at the Subscriber. The default is False.

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT ReinitializeSubscription(VARIANT_BOOL bUploadBeforeReInit);

Returns

Return code Description

S_OK Method succeeded.

Any FAILED(HRESULT) Check the SSCEErrors collection for detailed error information.

Remarks

A flag is marked in the subscription system table in Microsoft SQL Server™ 2000 Windows CE Edition (SQL Server CE) to signify that during the next
synchronization, the subscription should be reinitialized. After calling the ReinitializeSubscription method, the application must call the Initialize, Run, and
Terminate methods to delete the existing replica and download a new replica of the publication to the Windows CE-based device.

See Also

Replication Object Methods

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Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

bUploadBeforeReInit If True, the changes in the subscription database are uploaded to the Publisher before the snapshot is applied at the Subscriber. The default is False.

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT ReinitializeSubscription(VARIANT_BOOL bUploadBeforeReInit);

Returns

Return code Description

S_OK Method succeeded.

Any FAILED(HRESULT) Check the SSCEErrors collection for detailed error information.

Remarks

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Terminate methods to delete the existing replica and download a new replica of the publication to the Windows CE-based device.

See Also

Replication Object Methods

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Initialize Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Initialize Method
Applications call the Initialize method to prepare for synchronization.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.Initialize()

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

Returns

Return code Description

S_OK Method succeeded.

Any FAILED(HRESULT) Check the SSCEErrors collection for detailed error information.

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT Initialize( );

Remarks

The application must call the Initialize method before calling the Run method. Specifically, the application must call the Initialize, Run, and Terminate methods
in succession.

See Also

Replication Object Methods

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Initialize Method
Applications call the Initialize method to prepare for synchronization.

Applies To
Up One Level
AddSubscription Method SQL Server CE Replication object
DropSubscription Method
ReinitializeSubscription Method
Syntax
Initialize Method
Run Method object.Initialize()
Terminate Method
Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

Returns

Return code Description

S_OK Method succeeded.

Any FAILED(HRESULT) Check the SSCEErrors collection for detailed error information.

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT Initialize( );

Remarks

The application must call the Initialize method before calling the Run method. Specifically, the application must call the Initialize, Run, and Terminate methods
in succession.

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See Also

Replication Object Methods

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Run Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Run Method
Applications call the Run method to invoke merge replication.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.Run()

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

Returns

Return code Description

S_OK Method succeeded.

Any FAILED(HRESULT) Check the SSCEErrors collection for detailed error information.

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT Run( );

Remarks

The application must call the Initialize method before calling the Run method and the Terminate method after calling the Run method. Specifically, the
application must call the Initialize, Run, and Terminate methods in succession.

See Also

Replication Object Methods

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Terminate Method (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Terminate Method
Applications call the Terminate method to complete the merge replication process.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.Terminate()

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

Returns

Return code Description

S_OK Method succeeded.

Any FAILED(HRESULT) Check the SSCEErrors collection for detailed error information.

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT Terminate( );

Remarks

The application must call the Terminate method after calling the Run method. Specifically, the application must call the Initialize, Run, and Terminate methods
in succession.

See Also

Replication Object Methods

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Terminate Method
Applications call the Terminate method to complete the merge replication process.

Applies To
Up One Level
AddSubscription Method SQL Server CE Replication object
DropSubscription Method
ReinitializeSubscription Method
Syntax
Initialize Method
Run Method object.Terminate()
Terminate Method
Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

Returns

Return code Description

S_OK Method succeeded.

Any FAILED(HRESULT) Check the SSCEErrors collection for detailed error information.

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT Terminate( );

Remarks

The application must call the Terminate method after calling the Run method. Specifically, the application must call the Initialize, Run, and Terminate methods
in succession.

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See Also

Replication Object Methods

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Replication Object Properties

The following table lists the properties that the Replication object supports, and the methods to which they apply, for the Microsoft® eMbedded Visual Tools
development environment.

Up One Level Property Add Subscription Initialize, Run, Terminate Reinitialize Subscription Drop Subscription

Distributor Property (Replication) Distributor Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

DistributorNetwork Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) DistributorAddress Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

DistributorAddress Property (Replication) DistributorSecurityMode Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) DistributorLogin Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

DistributorLogin Property (Replication) DistributorPassword Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

DistributorPassword Property (Replication) ErrorRecords Property Read-only Read-only Read-only Read-only

ExchangeType Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)
HostName Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

ExchangeType Property (Replication) InternetURL Property N/A Required N/A N/A

HostName Property (Replication) InternetLogin Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

InternetURL Property (Replication) InternetPassword Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

InternetLogin Property (Replication) InternetProxyServer Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

InternetPassword Property (Replication)

InternetProxyLogin Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

InternetProxyPassword Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) LoginTimeout Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication) ProfileName Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication) Publisher Property N/A Required N/A N/A

LoginTimeout Property (Replication) PublisherNetwork Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

ProfileName Property (Replication)

PublisherAddress Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

PublisherSecurityMode Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

Publisher Property (Replication) PublisherLogin Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication) PublisherPassword Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

PublisherAddress Property (Replication) PublisherDatabase Property N/A Required N/A N/A

PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) Publication Property N/A Required N/A N/A

PublisherLogin Property (Replication) PublisherChanges Property N/A Read-only N/A N/A

PublisherConflicts Property N/A Read-only N/A N/A

PublisherPassword Property (Replication) QueryTimeout Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Subscriber Property N/A Required N/A N/A

Publication Property (Replication) SubscriberConnectionString Property Required Required Required Required

PublisherChanges Property (Replication) SubscriberChanges Property N/A Read-only N/A N/A

PublisherConflicts Property (Replication) SubscriberConflicts Property N/A Read-only N/A N/A

Validate Property N/A Optional N/A N/A

QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)
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SubscriberChanges Property (Replication)
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication) ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |Privacy Statement

Validate Property (Replication)

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Distributor Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Distributor Property (Replication)

The Distributor property specifies the Microsoft® SQL Server™ replication Distributor.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.Distributor [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Name of the Distributor used by the Publisher

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_Distributor(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_Distributor(BSTR newVal);

Remarks

The Distributor is the computer running the instance of SQL Server on which the snapshots are stored and on which replication history and statistics are logged.

If the DistributorNetwork and DistributorAddress properties are specified, they are used instead of Distributor when connecting to the Distributor.

Distributor is optional. If none of the Distributor connection properties are specified, it is assumed the Publisher and Distributor are on the same instance of SQL
Server, and Publisher connection properties are used when connecting to the Distributor. However, if you set any of the Distributor properties, you must set all of
the required Distributor properties.

See Also

DistributorNetwork Property (Replication)

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

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Distributor Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

Replication Object Properties

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Distributor Property (Replication)

The Distributor property specifies the Microsoft® SQL Server™ replication Distributor.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.Distributor [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value Name of the Distributor used by the Publisher

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) string
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read/write
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_Distributor(BSTR *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT put_Distributor(BSTR newVal);

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Remarks
Publication Property (Replication)
The Distributor is the computer running the instance of SQL Server on which the snapshots are stored and on which replication history and statistics are logged.
PublisherChanges Property (Replication)
PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)
If the DistributorNetwork and DistributorAddress properties are specified, they are used instead of Distributor when connecting to the Distributor.
QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

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Distributor is optional. If none of the Distributor connection properties are specified, it is assumed the Publisher and Distributor are on the same instance of SQL
Server, and Publisher connection properties are used when connecting to the Distributor. However, if you set any of the Distributor properties, you must set all of
Subscriber Property (Replication) the required Distributor properties.

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)

SubscriberChanges Property (Replication)
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication) See Also
Validate Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication)

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DistributorNetwork Property (Replication)

The DistributorNetwork property specifies the network protocol used when the SQL Server Reconciler communicates with the Distributor.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.DistributorNetwork [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value NETWORK_TYPE specifies the network protocol used when the SQL Server Reconciler communicates with the Distributor

Data Type

NETWORK_TYPE

Constant Value Description

DEFAULT_NETWORK 0 Use the current configured client Net-Library (default).

MULTI_PROTOCOL 2 Multiprotocol Net-Library.

TCPIP_SOCKETS 1 TCP/IP Sockets Net-Library.

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_DistributorNetwork(NETWORK_TYPE *pVal);

HRESULT put_DistributorNetwork(NETWORK_TYPE newVal);

Remarks

DistributorNetwork must be specified when the SQL Server Reconciler connects to the Distributor using a network protocol other than the default protocol
specified in Client Network Utility.

DistributorNetwork is optional. If none of the Distributor connection properties are specified, it is assumed the Publisher and Distributor are on the same instance
of Microsoft® SQL Server™, and the Publisher connection properties are used when connecting to the Distributor. However, if you set any of the Distributor
connection properties, you must set all of the required properties.

The DistributorAddress property must be specified if the value of DistributorNetwork is not DEFAULT_NETWORK (default).

See Also

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DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

Distributor Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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DistributorNetwork Property (Replication)

The DistributorNetwork property specifies the network protocol used when the SQL Server Reconciler communicates with the Distributor.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.DistributorNetwork [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value NETWORK_TYPE specifies the network protocol used when the SQL Server Reconciler communicates with the Distributor

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) NETWORK_TYPE
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Constant Value Description
LoginTimeout Property (Replication) DEFAULT_NETWORK 0 Use the current configured client Net-Library (default).

ProfileName Property (Replication) MULTI_PROTOCOL 2 Multiprotocol Net-Library.

Publisher Property (Replication) TCPIP_SOCKETS 1 TCP/IP Sockets Net-Library.

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

PublisherAddress Property (Replication) Modifiable
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) Read/write

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Prototype eVC++
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) HRESULT get_DistributorNetwork(NETWORK_TYPE *pVal);
HRESULT put_DistributorNetwork(NETWORK_TYPE newVal);
PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)
QueryTimeout Property (Replication) Remarks

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DistributorNetwork must be specified when the SQL Server Reconciler connects to the Distributor using a network protocol other than the default protocol
Subscriber Property (Replication) specified in Client Network Utility.

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)

SubscriberChanges Property (Replication) DistributorNetwork is optional. If none of the Distributor connection properties are specified, it is assumed the Publisher and Distributor are on the same instance
of Microsoft® SQL Server™, and the Publisher connection properties are used when connecting to the Distributor. However, if you set any of the Distributor
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication) connection properties, you must set all of the required properties.

Validate Property (Replication)

The DistributorAddress property must be specified if the value of DistributorNetwork is not DEFAULT_NETWORK (default).

See Also

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

Distributor Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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DistributorAddress Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

The DistributorAddress property specifies the network address used when connecting to the Distributor. DistributorAddress is specified when the
DistributorNetwork property is specified.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.DistributorAddress [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Network address used when connecting to the Distributor

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_DistributorAddress(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_DistributorAddress(BSTR newVal);

Remarks

This is a required property only when DistributorNetwork is set to a value other than DEFAULT_NETWORK.

Specify this property to indicate how the SQL Server Reconciler communicates with the Distributor. For example, if the SQL Server CE Server Agent and the
Distributor are located on two different systems and these systems communicate over the Internet, DistributorNetwork could be set to TCP/IP_SOCKETS, and
DistributorAddress could be set to a specific IP address. If the DistributorNetwork is TCP/IP_SOCKETS or MULTI_PROTOCOL using TCP/IP, the
DistributorNetwork value is in the form: 'IP address,socket' (for example, '111.11.11.11,1433')

If none of the Distributor connection properties are specified, it is assumed the Publisher and Distributor are on the same instance of SQL Server, and the Publisher
connection properties are used when connecting to the Distributor. However, if you set any of the Distributor connection properties, you must set all of the required
Distributor properties.

See Also

DistributorNetwork Property (Replication)

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DistributorAddress Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

Distributor Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

The DistributorAddress property specifies the network address used when connecting to the Distributor. DistributorAddress is specified when the
DistributorNetwork property is specified.

Up One Level
Applies To
Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object
DistributorAddress Property (Replication)
DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication)
Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.DistributorAddress [= value]
ErrorRecords Property (Replication)
ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
HostName Property (Replication) object SQL Server CE Replication object

InternetURL Property (Replication) value Network address used when connecting to the Distributor

InternetLogin Property (Replication)

InternetPassword Property (Replication) Data Type
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication) string

InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)

LoginTimeout Property (Replication) Modifiable
ProfileName Property (Replication)
Publisher Property (Replication) Read/write

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

PublisherAddress Property (Replication) Prototype eVC++
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT get_DistributorAddress(BSTR *pVal);
HRESULT put_DistributorAddress(BSTR newVal);
PublisherPassword Property (Replication)
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Remarks
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) This is a required property only when DistributorNetwork is set to a value other than DEFAULT_NETWORK.

PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)

QueryTimeout Property (Replication) Specify this property to indicate how the SQL Server Reconciler communicates with the Distributor. For example, if the SQL Server CE Server Agent and the
Distributor are located on two different systems and these systems communicate over the Internet, DistributorNetwork could be set to TCP/IP_SOCKETS, and
DistributorAddress could be set to a specific IP address. If the DistributorNetwork is TCP/IP_SOCKETS or MULTI_PROTOCOL using TCP/IP, the

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DistributorNetwork value is in the form: 'IP address,socket' (for example, '111.11.11.11,1433')

Subscriber Property (Replication)

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication) If none of the Distributor connection properties are specified, it is assumed the Publisher and Distributor are on the same instance of SQL Server, and the Publisher
connection properties are used when connecting to the Distributor. However, if you set any of the Distributor connection properties, you must set all of the required
SubscriberChanges Property (Replication) Distributor properties.

SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)

Validate Property (Replication)
See Also

DistributorNetwork Property (Replication)

Distributor Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication)

The DistributorSecurityMode property specifies the security mode used when connecting to the Distributor.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.DistributorSecurityMode [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value SECURITY_TYPE constant that specifies the mode of security enforced at the Distributor

Data Type

SECURITY_TYPE

Constant Value Description

DB_AUTHENTICATION 0 Standard security (Default)

NT_AUTHENTICATION 1 Integrated security

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_DistributorSecurityMode(SECURITY_TYPE *pVal);

HRESULT put_DistributorSecurityMode(SECURITY_TYPE newVal);

Remarks

If the value is DB_AUTHENTICATION (default), DistributorLogin and DistributorPassword are used when connecting to the Distributor. If the value is
NT_AUTHENTICATION, the Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) Windows user account is used when connecting to the Distributor.

If none of the Distributor connection properties are not specified, it is assumed the Publisher and Distributor are on the same instance of Microsoft SQL Server™,
and the Publisher connection properties are used when connecting to the Distributor. However, if you set any of the Distributor connection properties, you must set
all of the required Distributor properties.

See Also

DistributorLogin Property (Replication)

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DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

DistributorPassword Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication)

The DistributorSecurityMode property specifies the security mode used when connecting to the Distributor.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.DistributorSecurityMode [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value SECURITY_TYPE constant that specifies the mode of security enforced at the Distributor

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) SECURITY_TYPE
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Constant Value Description
LoginTimeout Property (Replication) DB_AUTHENTICATION 0 Standard security (Default)

ProfileName Property (Replication) NT_AUTHENTICATION 1 Integrated security

Publisher Property (Replication)

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication) Modifiable
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) Read/write

PublisherLogin Property (Replication)

PublisherPassword Property (Replication) Prototype eVC++
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication)
Publication Property (Replication) HRESULT get_DistributorSecurityMode(SECURITY_TYPE *pVal);

PublisherChanges Property (Replication)

HRESULT put_DistributorSecurityMode(SECURITY_TYPE newVal);

PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)

Remarks
QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

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If the value is DB_AUTHENTICATION (default), DistributorLogin and DistributorPassword are used when connecting to the Distributor. If the value is
NT_AUTHENTICATION, the Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) Windows user account is used when connecting to the Distributor.
Subscriber Property (Replication)
SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)
If none of the Distributor connection properties are not specified, it is assumed the Publisher and Distributor are on the same instance of Microsoft SQL Server™,
SubscriberChanges Property (Replication) and the Publisher connection properties are used when connecting to the Distributor. However, if you set any of the Distributor connection properties, you must set
all of the required Distributor properties.
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)
Validate Property (Replication)
See Also

DistributorLogin Property (Replication)

DistributorPassword Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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DistributorLogin Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DistributorLogin Property (Replication)

The DistributorLogin property specifies the login name used when connecting to the Distributor.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.DistributorLogin [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Distributor login name

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_DistributorLogin(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_DistributorLogin(BSTR newVal);

Remarks

DistributorLogin is required if DistributorSecurityMode is set to DB_AUTHENTICATION.

If none of the Distributor connection properties are specified, it is assumed that the Publisher and Distributor are the same instance of Microsoft® SQL Server™ and
that the Publisher connection properties are used when connecting to the Distributor. However, if you set any of the Distributor connection properties, you must set
all of the required Distributor properties.

See Also

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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DistributorLogin Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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DistributorLogin Property (Replication)

The DistributorLogin property specifies the login name used when connecting to the Distributor.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.DistributorLogin [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value Distributor login name

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) string
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read/write
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_DistributorLogin(BSTR *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT put_DistributorLogin(BSTR newVal);

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Remarks
Publication Property (Replication)
DistributorLogin is required if DistributorSecurityMode is set to DB_AUTHENTICATION.
PublisherChanges Property (Replication)
PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)
If none of the Distributor connection properties are specified, it is assumed that the Publisher and Distributor are the same instance of Microsoft® SQL Server™ and
QueryTimeout Property (Replication) that the Publisher connection properties are used when connecting to the Distributor. However, if you set any of the Distributor connection properties, you must set
all of the required Distributor properties.

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication) See Also
SubscriberChanges Property (Replication)
DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication)
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)
Validate Property (Replication)
Replication Object Properties

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DistributorPassword Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

DistributorPassword Property (Replication)

The DistributorPassword property specifies the login password used when connecting to the Distributor.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.DistributorPassword [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Distributor password string. The default is no password.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_DistributorPassword(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_DistributorPassword(BSTR newVal);

Remarks

DistributorPassword is used only when DistributorSecurityMode is set to DB_AUTHENTICATION.

If none of the Distributor connection properties are specified, it is assumed that the Publisher and Distributor are the same instance of Microsoft® SQL Server™ and
that Publisher connection properties are used when connecting to the Distributor. However, if you set any of the Distributor connection properties, you must set all
of the required Distributor properties.

See Also

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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DistributorPassword Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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DistributorPassword Property (Replication)

The DistributorPassword property specifies the login password used when connecting to the Distributor.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.DistributorPassword [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value Distributor password string. The default is no password.

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) string
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read/write
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_DistributorPassword(BSTR *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT put_DistributorPassword(BSTR newVal);

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Remarks
Publication Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword is used only when DistributorSecurityMode is set to DB_AUTHENTICATION.
PublisherChanges Property (Replication)
PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)
If none of the Distributor connection properties are specified, it is assumed that the Publisher and Distributor are the same instance of Microsoft® SQL Server™ and
QueryTimeout Property (Replication) that Publisher connection properties are used when connecting to the Distributor. However, if you set any of the Distributor connection properties, you must set all
of the required Distributor properties.

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

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ErrorRecords Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

The ErrorRecords property contains the SSCEErrors collection for the Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) Replication object.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.ErrorRecords [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value SSCEErrors collection containing the SSCEError objects

Data Type

SSCEErrors

Modifiable

Read-only

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_ErrorRecords(SSCEErrors *pVal);

Remarks

The SSCEErrors collection is loaded when a SQL Server CE Replication object method call fails. The error records in the collection remain available until the next
SQL Server CE Replication object method is called.

See Also

Replication Object Properties

SSCEError Object

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ErrorRecords Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

The ErrorRecords property contains the SSCEErrors collection for the Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) Replication object.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.ErrorRecords [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value SSCEErrors collection containing the SSCEError objects

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) SSCEErrors
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read-only
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_ErrorRecords(SSCEErrors *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication)
PublisherPassword Property (Replication) Remarks
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication)
Publication Property (Replication) The SSCEErrors collection is loaded when a SQL Server CE Replication object method call fails. The error records in the collection remain available until the next
SQL Server CE Replication object method is called.
PublisherChanges Property (Replication)
PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)
QueryTimeout Property (Replication) See Also

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Subscriber Property (Replication) Replication Object Properties

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)

SubscriberChanges Property (Replication) SSCEError Object

SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)

Validate Property (Replication)

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ExchangeType Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

ExchangeType Property (Replication)

The ExchangeType property specifies whether the synchronization between the Publisher and the Subscriber is bidirectional or upload-only.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.ExchangeType [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value EXCHANGE_TYPE constant that specifies the direction in which data can be merged

Data Type

EXCHANGE_TYPE

Constant Value Description

BIDIRECTIONAL 3 Merge all changes between the Publisher and Subscriber (Default).

UPLOAD 1 Only merge Subscriber changes with the Publisher.

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_ExchangeType(EXCHANGE_TYPE *pVal);

HRESULT put_ExchangeType(EXCHANGE_TYPE newVal);

Remarks

BIDIRECTIONAL is used to first upload data to the Publisher. After the upload is complete, data is then downloaded to the Subscriber. Exchange_Type is forced to
BIDIRECTIONAL during initial synchronization or when a ReinitializeSubscription is requested. Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server
CE) does not support the Exchange_Type value DOWNLOAD.

See Also

ReinitializeSubscription Method

Replication Object Properties

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ExchangeType Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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ExchangeType Property (Replication)

The ExchangeType property specifies whether the synchronization between the Publisher and the Subscriber is bidirectional or upload-only.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.ExchangeType [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value EXCHANGE_TYPE constant that specifies the direction in which data can be merged

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) EXCHANGE_TYPE
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Constant Value Description
LoginTimeout Property (Replication) BIDIRECTIONAL 3 Merge all changes between the Publisher and Subscriber (Default).

ProfileName Property (Replication) UPLOAD 1 Only merge Subscriber changes with the Publisher.

Publisher Property (Replication)

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication) Modifiable
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) Read/write

PublisherLogin Property (Replication)

PublisherPassword Property (Replication) Prototype eVC++
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication)
Publication Property (Replication) HRESULT get_ExchangeType(EXCHANGE_TYPE *pVal);

PublisherChanges Property (Replication)

HRESULT put_ExchangeType(EXCHANGE_TYPE newVal);

PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)

Remarks
QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

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BIDIRECTIONAL is used to first upload data to the Publisher. After the upload is complete, data is then downloaded to the Subscriber. Exchange_Type is forced to
BIDIRECTIONAL during initial synchronization or when a ReinitializeSubscription is requested. Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server
Subscriber Property (Replication) CE) does not support the Exchange_Type value DOWNLOAD.

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)

SubscriberChanges Property (Replication)
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication) See Also
Validate Property (Replication)
ReinitializeSubscription Method

Replication Object Properties

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HostName Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

HostName Property (Replication)

The HostName property sets the host name used for the device when connecting to the Publisher. HostName is used when the publication is dynamically filtered
based on the Microsoft® SQL Server™ HOST_NAME( ) function. HostName is optional.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.HostName [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Host name. The default is no host name.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_HostName(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_ HostName (BSTR newVal);

Remarks

Use HostName to set a value for HOST_NAME( ) in a dynamic filter. For example, if the subset filter clause is specified for an article as "LName = HOST_NAME(
)", and you set HostName to "Jones" before calling the Run method, only rows having "Jones" in the LName column are present in the subscription. For more
information, see "Dynamic Filters" in SQL Server Books Online.

An application must call the ReinitializeSubscription method if it changes the value of HostName after the subscription is created.

See Also

ReinitializeSubscription Method

Replication Object Properties

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HostName Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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HostName Property (Replication)

Up One Level
Applies To
Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object
DistributorAddress Property (Replication)
DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication)
Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.HostName [= value]
ErrorRecords Property (Replication)
ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
HostName Property (Replication) object SQL Server CE Replication object

InternetURL Property (Replication) value Host name. The default is no host name.

InternetLogin Property (Replication)

InternetPassword Property (Replication) Data Type
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication) string

InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)

LoginTimeout Property (Replication) Modifiable
ProfileName Property (Replication)
Publisher Property (Replication) Read/write

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

PublisherAddress Property (Replication) Prototype eVC++
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT get_HostName(BSTR *pVal);
HRESULT put_ HostName (BSTR newVal);
PublisherPassword Property (Replication)
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Remarks
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) Use HostName to set a value for HOST_NAME( ) in a dynamic filter. For example, if the subset filter clause is specified for an article as "LName = HOST_NAME(
)", and you set HostName to "Jones" before calling the Run method, only rows having "Jones" in the LName column are present in the subscription. For more
PublisherConflicts Property (Replication) information, see "Dynamic Filters" in SQL Server Books Online.

QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

An application must call the ReinitializeSubscription method if it changes the value of HostName after the subscription is created.

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)
See Also
SubscriberChanges Property (Replication)
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication) ReinitializeSubscription Method
Validate Property (Replication)
Replication Object Properties

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InternetURL Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

InternetURL Property (Replication)

The InternetURL property specifies the URL used to connect to the SQL Server CE Server Agent. SQL The SQL Server CE Server Agent connects the Microsoft SQL
Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) client to the Microsoft SQL Server database. This property must be specified.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.InternetURL [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value URL string, including the location of the SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll)

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetURL(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_ InternetURL (BSTR newVal);

Remarks

InternetURL can include a port number if you want to override the default port, for example: http://yourserver:81/ssce/sscesa20.dll, where port 81 is used on the
IIS server. The default port for HTTP is 80, and the default port for HTTPS is 443.

See Also

Configuring Security for Connectivity

Replication Object Properties

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InternetURL Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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InternetURL Property (Replication)

Up One Level
Applies To
Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object
DistributorAddress Property (Replication)
DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication)
Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.InternetURL [= value]
ErrorRecords Property (Replication)
ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
HostName Property (Replication) object SQL Server CE Replication object

InternetURL Property (Replication) value URL string, including the location of the SQL Server CE Server Agent (Sscesa20.dll)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)

InternetPassword Property (Replication) Data Type
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication) string

InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)

LoginTimeout Property (Replication) Modifiable
ProfileName Property (Replication)
Publisher Property (Replication) Read/write

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

PublisherAddress Property (Replication) Prototype eVC++
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT get_InternetURL(BSTR *pVal);
HRESULT put_ InternetURL (BSTR newVal);
PublisherPassword Property (Replication)
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Remarks
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) InternetURL can include a port number if you want to override the default port, for example: http://yourserver:81/ssce/sscesa20.dll, where port 81 is used on the
IIS server. The default port for HTTP is 80, and the default port for HTTPS is 443.
PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)
QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

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See Also
Subscriber Property (Replication)
SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication) Configuring Security for Connectivity

SubscriberChanges Property (Replication)

SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication) Replication Object Properties
Validate Property (Replication)

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InternetLogin Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

InternetLogin Property (Replication)

The InternetLogin property specifies the Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) login name used when connecting to the SQL Server CE Server Agent.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.InternetLogin [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value IIS login name. The default is no login.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetLogin(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_ InternetLogin (BSTR newVal);

Remarks

See Also

Configuring Security for Connectivity

Replication Object Properties

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InternetLogin Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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InternetLogin Property (Replication)

The InternetLogin property specifies the Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) login name used when connecting to the SQL Server CE Server Agent.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.InternetLogin [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value IIS login name. The default is no login.

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) string
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read/write
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_InternetLogin(BSTR *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT put_ InternetLogin (BSTR newVal);

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Remarks
Publication Property (Replication)
InternetLogin is required if the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured to use Basic authentication or Integrated Windows authentication. When Integrated
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) Windows authentication is used, InternetLogin is not passed across the network.

PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)

QueryTimeout Property (Replication)
See Also
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Subscriber Property (Replication) Configuring Security for Connectivity

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)
SubscriberChanges Property (Replication) Replication Object Properties
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)
Validate Property (Replication)

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InternetPassword Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

InternetPassword Property (Replication)

The InternetPassword property specifies the Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) password used when connecting to the SQL Server CE Server Agent.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.InternetPassword [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value IIS password string. The default is no password.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetPassword(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_InternetPassword(BSTR newVal);

Remarks

When using Basic authentication, you should configure IIS to use Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Private Communication Technology (PCT) encryption to safeguard
the user's password. In the absence of SSL or PCT encryption, Basic authentication transmits passwords across the network in clear text form. This is unsafe;
therefore, we strongly recommend that you always use SSL or PCT encryption to safeguard passwords when using Basic authentication.

See Also

Configuring Security for Connectivity

Replication Object Properties

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InternetPassword Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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InternetPassword Property (Replication)

The InternetPassword property specifies the Microsoft® Internet Information Services (IIS) password used when connecting to the SQL Server CE Server Agent.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.InternetPassword [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value IIS password string. The default is no password.

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) string
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read/write
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_InternetPassword(BSTR *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT put_InternetPassword(BSTR newVal);

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Remarks
Publication Property (Replication)
InternetPassword is required if the SQL Server CE Server Agent is configured to use Basic authentication or Integrated Windows authentication. When Integrated
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) Windows authentication is used, InternetPassword is not passed across the network.

PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)

QueryTimeout Property (Replication) When using Basic authentication, you should configure IIS to use Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Private Communication Technology (PCT) encryption to safeguard
the user's password. In the absence of SSL or PCT encryption, Basic authentication transmits passwords across the network in clear text form. This is unsafe;
therefore, we strongly recommend that you always use SSL or PCT encryption to safeguard passwords when using Basic authentication.

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)
See Also
SubscriberChanges Property (Replication)
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication) Configuring Security for Connectivity
Validate Property (Replication)
Replication Object Properties

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InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)

The InternetProxyServer property specifies the proxy server to use when you access the HTTP resource specified in the InternetURL property.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.InternetProxyServer [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Proxy name (or IP address) and port number (ProxyServerName:Port)

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetProxyServer(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_ InternetProxyServer (BSTR newVal);

Remarks

If SQL Server CE Relay is properly configured on a desktop computer for serial, USB, or infrared (IR) synchronization, InternetProxyServer must be set to
ppp_peer:nn where nn is a specified client port number, for example: exampleproxy:80.

If InternetProxyServer is not set or is empty, no proxy server is used.

See Also

InternetURL Property (Replication)

Using SQL Server CE Relay

Replication Object Properties

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InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)

The InternetProxyServer property specifies the proxy server to use when you access the HTTP resource specified in the InternetURL property.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.InternetProxyServer [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value Proxy name (or IP address) and port number (ProxyServerName:Port)

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) string
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read/write
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_InternetProxyServer(BSTR *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT put_ InternetProxyServer (BSTR newVal);

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Remarks
Publication Property (Replication)
If SQL Server CE Relay is properly configured on a desktop computer for serial, USB, or infrared (IR) synchronization, InternetProxyServer must be set to
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) ppp_peer:nn where nn is a specified client port number, for example: exampleproxy:80.

PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)

QueryTimeout Property (Replication) If InternetProxyServer is not set or is empty, no proxy server is used.

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

See Also
SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)
SubscriberChanges Property (Replication) InternetURL Property (Replication)
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)
Validate Property (Replication) Using SQL Server CE Relay

Replication Object Properties

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InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)

The InternetProxyLogin property specifies the login name used when connecting to a proxy server (defined in the InternetProxyServer property) that requires
authentication.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.InternetProxyLogin [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Proxy server login name. The default is no login.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetProxyLogin(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_ InternetProxyLogin (BSTR newVal);

Remarks

InternetProxyLogin is required if the proxy server is configured to use Basic authentication or Integrated Windows authentication, even if SQL Server CE Relay
has been configured.

See Also

InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)

Configuring Security for Connectivity

Using SQL Server CE Relay

Replication Object Properties

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InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)

The InternetProxyLogin property specifies the login name used when connecting to a proxy server (defined in the InternetProxyServer property) that requires
authentication.

Up One Level
Applies To
Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object
DistributorAddress Property (Replication)
DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication)
Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.InternetProxyLogin [= value]
ErrorRecords Property (Replication)
ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
HostName Property (Replication) object SQL Server CE Replication object

InternetURL Property (Replication) value Proxy server login name. The default is no login.

InternetLogin Property (Replication)

InternetPassword Property (Replication) Data Type
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication) string

InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)

LoginTimeout Property (Replication) Modifiable
ProfileName Property (Replication)
Publisher Property (Replication) Read/write

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

PublisherAddress Property (Replication) Prototype eVC++
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT get_InternetProxyLogin(BSTR *pVal);
HRESULT put_ InternetProxyLogin (BSTR newVal);
PublisherPassword Property (Replication)
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Remarks
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) InternetProxyLogin is required if the proxy server is configured to use Basic authentication or Integrated Windows authentication, even if SQL Server CE Relay
has been configured.
PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)
QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

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See Also
Subscriber Property (Replication)
SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication) InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)

SubscriberChanges Property (Replication)

SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication) Configuring Security for Connectivity
Validate Property (Replication)
Using SQL Server CE Relay

Replication Object Properties

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InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)

The InternetProxyPassword property specifies the password used when you connect to a proxy server (defined in the InternetProxyServer property) that
requires authentication.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.InternetProxyPassword [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Proxy server password string. The default is no password.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_InternetProxyPassword(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_InternetProxyPassword(BSTR newVal);

Remarks

InternetProxyPassword is required if the proxy server is configured to use Basic authentication or Integrated Windows authentication, even if SQL Server CE
Relay has been configured.

See Also

InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)

Configuring Security for Connectivity

Using SQL Server CE Relay

Replication Object Properties

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InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)

The InternetProxyPassword property specifies the password used when you connect to a proxy server (defined in the InternetProxyServer property) that
requires authentication.

Up One Level
Applies To
Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object
DistributorAddress Property (Replication)
DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication)
Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.InternetProxyPassword [= value]
ErrorRecords Property (Replication)
ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
HostName Property (Replication) object SQL Server CE Replication object

InternetURL Property (Replication) value Proxy server password string. The default is no password.

InternetLogin Property (Replication)

InternetPassword Property (Replication) Data Type
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication) string

InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)

LoginTimeout Property (Replication) Modifiable
ProfileName Property (Replication)
Publisher Property (Replication) Read/write

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

PublisherAddress Property (Replication) Prototype eVC++
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT get_InternetProxyPassword(BSTR *pVal);
HRESULT put_InternetProxyPassword(BSTR newVal);
PublisherPassword Property (Replication)
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Remarks
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) InternetProxyPassword is required if the proxy server is configured to use Basic authentication or Integrated Windows authentication, even if SQL Server CE
Relay has been configured.
PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)
QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

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See Also
Subscriber Property (Replication)
SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication) InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)

SubscriberChanges Property (Replication)

SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication) Configuring Security for Connectivity
Validate Property (Replication)
Using SQL Server CE Relay

Replication Object Properties

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LoginTimeout Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

LoginTimeout Property (Replication)

The LoginTimeout property specifies the maximum number of seconds to wait for connections to be established.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.LoginTimeout [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Number of seconds for connections to be established. The default is 15 seconds.

Data Type

integer

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_LoginTimeout(short *pVal);

HRESULT put_LoginTimeout(short newVal);

See Also

Replication Object Properties

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LoginTimeout Property (Replication)

The LoginTimeout property specifies the maximum number of seconds to wait for connections to be established.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.LoginTimeout [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value Number of seconds for connections to be established. The default is 15 seconds.

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) integer
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read/write
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_LoginTimeout(short *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT put_LoginTimeout(short newVal);

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

PublisherDatabase Property (Replication)
See Also
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) Replication Object Properties
PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)
QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

Validate Property (Replication)

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ProfileName Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

ProfileName Property (Replication)

The ProfileName property specifies the name of the agent profile at the Distributor to be used by the Replication object. A profile defines behavior such as time-
out values. You can override the default values by creating a profile on the Distributor and specifying its name through ProfileName.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.ProfileName [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Agent profile name

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_ProfileName(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_ProfileName(BSTR newVal);

Remarks

A profile contains a set of parameters that control the behavior of the SQL Server Reconciler. For example, the profile specifies the LoginTimeOut and
QueryTimeOut values used by the SQL Server Reconciler. The profile is stored on the Distributor. The profile is read each time a subscription is synchronized. For
more information, see "Agent Profiles" in SQL Server Books Online.

The profile allows you to easily change key parameters for synchronization. For example, if you have five Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL
Server CE) clients that share a profile and you want to change the query time-out value, you simply change the QueryTimeOut value in the profile, and then all
SQL Server CE clients will use the new QueryTimeOut value.

You can also create different profiles for different SQL Server CE clients. For example, a SQL Server CE client that uses a dial-up Internet connection might use one
time-out value, and a client that uses a high-speed intranet connection might use a different time-out value. ProfileName is used to specify the name of the
profile.

If ProfileName is not specified, the default profile values are used.

If ProfileName is specified, the LoginTimeOut and QueryTimeOut parameters specified in the profile will override the LoginTimeOut and QueryTimeOut
property values specified through the Replication object.

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ProfileName Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

See Also

LoginTimeout Property (Replication)

QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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ProfileName Property (Replication)

Up One Level
Applies To
Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object
DistributorAddress Property (Replication)
DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication)
Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.ProfileName [= value]
ErrorRecords Property (Replication)
ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
HostName Property (Replication) object SQL Server CE Replication object

InternetURL Property (Replication) value Agent profile name

InternetLogin Property (Replication)

InternetPassword Property (Replication) Data Type
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication) string

InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)

LoginTimeout Property (Replication) Modifiable
ProfileName Property (Replication)
Publisher Property (Replication) Read/write

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

PublisherAddress Property (Replication) Prototype eVC++
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT get_ProfileName(BSTR *pVal);
HRESULT put_ProfileName(BSTR newVal);
PublisherPassword Property (Replication)
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Remarks
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) A profile contains a set of parameters that control the behavior of the SQL Server Reconciler. For example, the profile specifies the LoginTimeOut and
QueryTimeOut values used by the SQL Server Reconciler. The profile is stored on the Distributor. The profile is read each time a subscription is synchronized. For
PublisherConflicts Property (Replication) more information, see "Agent Profiles" in SQL Server Books Online.

QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

The profile allows you to easily change key parameters for synchronization. For example, if you have five Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL

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Server CE) clients that share a profile and you want to change the query time-out value, you simply change the QueryTimeOut value in the profile, and then all
SQL Server CE clients will use the new QueryTimeOut value.
Subscriber Property (Replication)
SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)
You can also create different profiles for different SQL Server CE clients. For example, a SQL Server CE client that uses a dial-up Internet connection might use one
SubscriberChanges Property (Replication) time-out value, and a client that uses a high-speed intranet connection might use a different time-out value. ProfileName is used to specify the name of the
profile.
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)
Validate Property (Replication)
If ProfileName is not specified, the default profile values are used.

See Also

LoginTimeout Property (Replication)

QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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Publisher Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Publisher Property (Replication)

The Publisher property specifies the name of the Publisher. The Publisher is the computer that is running Microsoft® SQL Server™ and contains the publication.
The Publisher property is required.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.Publisher [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Publisher name

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_Publisher(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_Publisher(BSTR newVal);

Remarks

If the PublisherNetwork and PublisherAddress properties are specified, they are used instead of Publisher when connecting to the Publisher.

See Also

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

PublisherAddress Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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Publisher Property (Replication)

The Publisher property specifies the name of the Publisher. The Publisher is the computer that is running Microsoft® SQL Server™ and contains the publication.
The Publisher property is required.

Up One Level
Applies To
Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object
DistributorAddress Property (Replication)
DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication)
Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.Publisher [= value]
ErrorRecords Property (Replication)
ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
HostName Property (Replication) object SQL Server CE Replication object

InternetURL Property (Replication) value Publisher name

InternetLogin Property (Replication)

InternetPassword Property (Replication) Data Type
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication) string

InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)

LoginTimeout Property (Replication) Modifiable
ProfileName Property (Replication)
Publisher Property (Replication) Read/write

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

PublisherAddress Property (Replication) Prototype eVC++
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT get_Publisher(BSTR *pVal);
HRESULT put_Publisher(BSTR newVal);
PublisherPassword Property (Replication)
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Remarks
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) If the PublisherNetwork and PublisherAddress properties are specified, they are used instead of Publisher when connecting to the Publisher.

PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)

QueryTimeout Property (Replication)
See Also
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Subscriber Property (Replication) PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)
SubscriberChanges Property (Replication) PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)
Validate Property (Replication)
Replication Object Properties

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PublisherNetwork Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

The PublisherNetwork property specifies the network protocol used when the SQL Server Replication Provider communicates with the Publisher.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.PublisherNetwork [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value NETWORK_TYPE constant specifies the network protocol used when the SQL Server Replication Provider communicates with the Publisher.

Data Type

NETWORK_TYPE

Constant Value Description

DEFAULT_NETWORK 0 Use the current configured client Net Library (default).

MULTI_PROTOCOL 2 Multiprotocol Net Library.

TCPIP_SOCKETS 1 TCP/IP Sockets Net Library.

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_PublisherNetwork(NETWORK_TYPE *pVal);

HRESULT put_PublisherNetwork(NETWORK_TYPE newVal);

Remarks

PublisherNetwork must be specified when the SQL Server Replication Provider connects to the Publisher using a network protocol other than the default protocol
specified in Client Network Utility.

The PublisherAddress property must be specified if the value of PublisherNetwork is not DEFAULT_NETWORK (default).

See Also

PublisherAddress Property (Replication)

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PublisherNetwork Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

Replication Object Properties

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PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

The PublisherNetwork property specifies the network protocol used when the SQL Server Replication Provider communicates with the Publisher.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.PublisherNetwork [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value NETWORK_TYPE constant specifies the network protocol used when the SQL Server Replication Provider communicates with the Publisher.

InternetURL Property (Replication)

ProfileName Property (Replication) MULTI_PROTOCOL 2 Multiprotocol Net Library.

Publisher Property (Replication) TCPIP_SOCKETS 1 TCP/IP Sockets Net Library.

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

PublisherAddress Property (Replication) Modifiable
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) Read/write

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Prototype eVC++
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) HRESULT get_PublisherNetwork(NETWORK_TYPE *pVal);
HRESULT put_PublisherNetwork(NETWORK_TYPE newVal);
PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)
QueryTimeout Property (Replication) Remarks

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PublisherNetwork must be specified when the SQL Server Replication Provider connects to the Publisher using a network protocol other than the default protocol
Subscriber Property (Replication) specified in Client Network Utility.

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)

SubscriberChanges Property (Replication) The PublisherAddress property must be specified if the value of PublisherNetwork is not DEFAULT_NETWORK (default).

SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)

Validate Property (Replication)
See Also

PublisherAddress Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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PublisherAddress Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

PublisherAddress Property (Replication)

The PublisherAddress property specifies the network address used when connecting to the Publisher. PublisherAddress is specified when the
PublisherNetwork property is specified.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.PublisherAddress [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Network connection string

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_PublisherAddress(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_PublisherAddress(BSTR newVal);

Remarks

PublisherAddress is required when PublisherNetwork is set to a value other than DEFAULT_NETWORK.

Specify this property to indicate how the SQL Server Replication Provider communicates with the Publisher. For example, if the SQL Server CE Replication Agent and
the Publisher are located on two different systems and these two systems communicate over the Internet, PublisherNetwork could be set to TCP/IP_SOCKETS,
and PublisherAddress could be set to a specific IP address.

If PublisherNetwork is TCP/IP_SOCKETS or MULTI_PROTOCOL using TCP/IP, the PublisherAddress value is in the form of 'IP address,socket' (for example,
'111.11.11.11,1433').

See Also

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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PublisherAddress Property (Replication)

The PublisherAddress property specifies the network address used when connecting to the Publisher. PublisherAddress is specified when the
PublisherNetwork property is specified.

Up One Level
Applies To
Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object
DistributorAddress Property (Replication)
DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication)
Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.PublisherAddress [= value]
ErrorRecords Property (Replication)
ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
HostName Property (Replication) object SQL Server CE Replication object

InternetURL Property (Replication) value Network connection string

InternetLogin Property (Replication)

InternetPassword Property (Replication) Data Type
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication) string

InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)

LoginTimeout Property (Replication) Modifiable
ProfileName Property (Replication)
Publisher Property (Replication) Read/write

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

PublisherAddress Property (Replication) Prototype eVC++
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT get_PublisherAddress(BSTR *pVal);
HRESULT put_PublisherAddress(BSTR newVal);
PublisherPassword Property (Replication)
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Remarks
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) PublisherAddress is required when PublisherNetwork is set to a value other than DEFAULT_NETWORK.

PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)

QueryTimeout Property (Replication) Specify this property to indicate how the SQL Server Replication Provider communicates with the Publisher. For example, if the SQL Server CE Replication Agent and
the Publisher are located on two different systems and these two systems communicate over the Internet, PublisherNetwork could be set to TCP/IP_SOCKETS,
and PublisherAddress could be set to a specific IP address.

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

If PublisherNetwork is TCP/IP_SOCKETS or MULTI_PROTOCOL using TCP/IP, the PublisherAddress value is in the form of 'IP address,socket' (for example,
SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication) '111.11.11.11,1433').

SubscriberChanges Property (Replication)

SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)
Validate Property (Replication) See Also

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)

The PublisherSecurityMode property specifies the security mode used when connecting to the Publisher.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.PublisherSecurityMode [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value SECURITY_TYPE constant that specifies the security type.

Data Type

SECURITY_TYPE

Constant Value Description

DB_AUTHENTICATION 0 SQL Server authentication (Default)

NT_AUTHENTICATION 1 Windows authentication

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_PublisherSecurityMode(SECURITY_TYPE *pVal);

HRESULT put_PublisherSecurityMode(SECURITY_TYPE newVal);

Remarks

If PublisherSecurityMode is DB_AUTHENTICATION (default), PublisherLogin must be specified. The default for PublisherPassword is an empty string.

See Also

PublisherLogin Property (Replication)

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)

The PublisherSecurityMode property specifies the security mode used when connecting to the Publisher.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.PublisherSecurityMode [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value SECURITY_TYPE constant that specifies the security type.

InternetURL Property (Replication)

ProfileName Property (Replication) NT_AUTHENTICATION 1 Windows authentication

Publisher Property (Replication)

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication) Modifiable
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) Read/write

PublisherLogin Property (Replication)

PublisherPassword Property (Replication) Prototype eVC++
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication)
Publication Property (Replication) HRESULT get_PublisherSecurityMode(SECURITY_TYPE *pVal);

PublisherChanges Property (Replication)

HRESULT put_PublisherSecurityMode(SECURITY_TYPE newVal);

PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)

Remarks
QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

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If PublisherSecurityMode is DB_AUTHENTICATION (default), PublisherLogin must be specified. The default for PublisherPassword is an empty string.

Subscriber Property (Replication)

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)
SubscriberChanges Property (Replication) See Also
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)
Validate Property (Replication) PublisherLogin Property (Replication)

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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PublisherLogin Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

PublisherLogin Property (Replication)

The PublisherLogin property specifies the login name used when connecting to the Publisher.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.PublisherLogin [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Publisher login name

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_PublisherLogin(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_PublisherLogin(BSTR newVal);

Remarks

PublisherLogin is a required property if PublisherSecurityMode is set to DB_AUTHENTICATION.

See Also

PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)

Replication Object Properties

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PublisherLogin Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

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PublisherLogin Property (Replication)

The PublisherLogin property specifies the login name used when connecting to the Publisher.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.PublisherLogin [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value Publisher login name

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) string
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read/write
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_PublisherLogin(BSTR *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT put_PublisherLogin(BSTR newVal);

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Remarks
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherLogin is a required property if PublisherSecurityMode is set to DB_AUTHENTICATION.
PublisherChanges Property (Replication)
PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)
QueryTimeout Property (Replication)
See Also

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Subscriber Property (Replication) PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)

SubscriberChanges Property (Replication) Replication Object Properties

SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)

Validate Property (Replication)

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PublisherPassword Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

The PublisherPassword property specifies the login password used when connecting to the Publisher.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.PublisherPassword [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Publisher login password. The default is no password (empty string).

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_PublisherPassword(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_PublisherPassword (BSTR newVal);

See Also

Replication Object Properties

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PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

The PublisherPassword property specifies the login password used when connecting to the Publisher.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.PublisherPassword [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value Publisher login password. The default is no password (empty string).

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) string
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read/write
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_PublisherPassword(BSTR *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT put_PublisherPassword (BSTR newVal);

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

Validate Property (Replication)

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PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

PublisherDatabase Property (Replication)

The PublisherDatabase property specifies the name of the publication database. PublisherDatabase is a required property.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.PublisherDatabase [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Publication database name

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_PublisherDatabase(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_PublisherDatabase(BSTR newVal);

See Also

Replication Object Properties

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PublisherDatabase Property (Replication)

The PublisherDatabase property specifies the name of the publication database. PublisherDatabase is a required property.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.PublisherDatabase [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value Publication database name

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) string
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read/write
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_PublisherDatabase(BSTR *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT put_PublisherDatabase(BSTR newVal);

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

Validate Property (Replication)

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Publication Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Publication Property (Replication)

The Publication property specifies the publication name that has been enabled for anonymous merge subscriptions. Publication is a required property.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.Publication [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Publication name

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_Publication(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_Publication(BSTR newVal);

See Also

Replication Object Properties

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Publication Property (Replication)

The Publication property specifies the publication name that has been enabled for anonymous merge subscriptions. Publication is a required property.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.Publication [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value Publication name

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) string
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read/write
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_Publication(BSTR *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT put_Publication(BSTR newVal);

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

Validate Property (Replication)

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PublisherChanges Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

PublisherChanges Property (Replication)

The PublisherChanges property specifies the total number of Publisher changes applied at the Subscriber when the Run method was last called.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.PublisherChanges [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Total number of Publisher rows inserted, deleted, and updated

Data Type

long

Modifiable

Read-only

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_PublisherChanges(long *pVal);

See Also

Replication Object Properties

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PublisherChanges Property (Replication)

The PublisherChanges property specifies the total number of Publisher changes applied at the Subscriber when the Run method was last called.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.PublisherChanges [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value Total number of Publisher rows inserted, deleted, and updated

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) long
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read-only
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_PublisherChanges(long *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication)
PublisherPassword Property (Replication)
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) See Also
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) Replication Object Properties

PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)

QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

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SubscriberChanges Property (Replication) ©2004 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Terms of Use |Trademarks |Privacy Statement
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)
Validate Property (Replication)

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PublisherConflicts Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)

The PublisherConflicts property specifies the total number of conflicts that occurred at the Publisher when the Run method was last called.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.PublisherConflicts [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Number of conflicts that occurred

Data Type

long

Modifiable

Read-only

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_PublisherConflicts(long *pVal);

See Also

Replication Object Properties

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PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)

The PublisherConflicts property specifies the total number of conflicts that occurred at the Publisher when the Run method was last called.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.PublisherConflicts [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value Number of conflicts that occurred

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) long
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read-only
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_PublisherConflicts(long *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication)
PublisherPassword Property (Replication)
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) See Also
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) Replication Object Properties

PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)

QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

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QueryTimeout Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

The QueryTimeout property specifies the number of seconds allowed for internal queries to complete.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.QueryTimeout [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Number of seconds allowed for internal queries to be returned. The default is 300 seconds.

Data Type

integer

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_QueryTimeout(short *pVal);

HRESULT put_QueryTimeout(short newVal);

See Also

Replication Object Properties

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QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

The QueryTimeout property specifies the number of seconds allowed for internal queries to complete.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.QueryTimeout [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value Number of seconds allowed for internal queries to be returned. The default is 300 seconds.

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) integer
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read/write
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_QueryTimeout(short *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT put_QueryTimeout(short newVal);

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

Validate Property (Replication)

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Subscriber Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Subscriber Property (Replication)

The Subscriber property specifies the name of the Subscriber. This is a required property.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.Subscriber [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Subscriber name

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_Subscriber(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_Subscriber(BSTR newVal);

See Also

Replication Object Properties

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

The Subscriber property specifies the name of the Subscriber. This is a required property.

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.Subscriber [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value Subscriber name

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) string
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read/write
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_Subscriber(BSTR *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication) HRESULT put_Subscriber(BSTR newVal);

PublisherPassword Property (Replication)

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

Validate Property (Replication)

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SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)

The SubscriberConnectionString property specifies the OLE DB connection string for the Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE)
database on the Microsoft Windows CE-based device.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.SubscriberConnectionString [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value OLE DB connection string for the SQL Server CE database

The connection properties listed in the following table are supported. All other connection properties are ignored.

Property Required or optional Description

Provider Optional Specifies the name of the data source provider. If the provider is not specified, Microsoft.sqlserver.oledb.ce.2.0 is assumed.

Data Source Required Specifies the name of the database. By convention, you should name the SQL Server CE databases with the file extension .sdf.

Locale Identifier Optional Specifies the database locale, which specifies the collation order for string comparisons in the database.
This property is meaningful only when calling AddSubscription(CREATE_DATABASE). The default database locale is Latin1_General
(0x00000409). For other supported values, see Collate.

SSCE:Database Password Optional Specifies the database password.

This property must be specified if the database was created with a password.
To create a database with a password, set this property and call AddSubscription(CREATE_DATABASE).

SSCE:Encrypt Database Optional Specifies whether a newly created database should be encrypted.
This property is only meaningful when calling AddSubscription(CREATE_DATABASE). The created database is encrypted when this Boolean
property is TRUE and a database password is specified.

Locale Identifier values are supported when creating a new database using the AddSubscription method. Use the Unique LCID for the value of Locale
Identifier. To find a list of Unique LCID values, see Collate. You must ensure that the locale is supported on the device on which the database is being created.

Data Type

string

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_SubscriberConnectionString(BSTR *pVal);

HRESULT put_SubscriberConnectionString(BSTR newVal);

Examples

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SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

object.SubscriberConnectionString = "Data Source=\ssce.sdf; Locale Identifier=0x00000409; SSCE:Database Password=mypassword; SSCE:Encrypt

Database=TRUE"

See Also

AddSubscription Method

Replication Object Properties

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SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)

Up One Level
Applies To
Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object
DistributorAddress Property (Replication)
DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication)
Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.SubscriberConnectionString [= value]
ErrorRecords Property (Replication)
ExchangeType Property (Replication)
Part Description
HostName Property (Replication) object SQL Server CE Replication object

InternetURL Property (Replication) value OLE DB connection string for the SQL Server CE database

InternetLogin Property (Replication)

InternetPassword Property (Replication) The connection properties listed in the following table are supported. All other connection properties are ignored.

InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)

InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication) Property Required or optional Description
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication) Provider Optional Specifies the name of the data source provider. If the provider is not specified, Microsoft.sqlserver.oledb.ce.2.0 is assumed.

LoginTimeout Property (Replication) Data Source Required Specifies the name of the database. By convention, you should name the SQL Server CE databases with the file extension .sdf.

Locale Identifier Optional Specifies the database locale, which specifies the collation order for string comparisons in the database.
ProfileName Property (Replication) This property is meaningful only when calling AddSubscription(CREATE_DATABASE). The default database locale is Latin1_General
(0x00000409). For other supported values, see Collate.

Publisher Property (Replication) SSCE:Database Password Optional Specifies the database password.
This property must be specified if the database was created with a password.

PublisherNetwork Property (Replication) To create a database with a password, set this property and call AddSubscription(CREATE_DATABASE).

SSCE:Encrypt Database Optional Specifies whether a newly created database should be encrypted.
PublisherAddress Property (Replication) This property is only meaningful when calling AddSubscription(CREATE_DATABASE). The created database is encrypted when this Boolean
property is TRUE and a database password is specified.

PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)

PublisherLogin Property (Replication) Locale Identifier values are supported when creating a new database using the AddSubscription method. Use the Unique LCID for the value of Locale
Identifier. To find a list of Unique LCID values, see Collate. You must ensure that the locale is supported on the device on which the database is being created.
PublisherPassword Property (Replication)
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication)
Publication Property (Replication) Data Type
PublisherChanges Property (Replication)
PublisherConflicts Property (Replication) string

QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

Modifiable
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Subscriber Property (Replication) Read/write

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)
SubscriberChanges Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)
Validate Property (Replication) HRESULT get_SubscriberConnectionString(BSTR *pVal);
HRESULT put_SubscriberConnectionString(BSTR newVal);

Examples

object.SubscriberConnectionString = "Data Source=\ssce.sdf; Locale Identifier=0x00000409; SSCE:Database Password=mypassword; SSCE:Encrypt

Database=TRUE"

See Also

AddSubscription Method

Replication Object Properties

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SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)

The SubscriberConflicts property is not used by Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.SubscriberConflicts [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value Always 0 because all conflicts are detected and logged on the SQL Server Publisher

Data Type

long

Modifiable

Read-only

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_SubscriberConflicts(long *pVal);

See Also

Replication Object Properties

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SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)

The SubscriberConflicts property is not used by Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE).

Up One Level Applies To

Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object

DistributorAddress Property (Replication)

DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication) Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.SubscriberConflicts [= value]

ErrorRecords Property (Replication)

ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object
HostName Property (Replication) value Always 0 because all conflicts are detected and logged on the SQL Server Publisher

InternetURL Property (Replication)

InternetLogin Property (Replication)
Data Type
InternetPassword Property (Replication)
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication) long
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication)
InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)
Modifiable
LoginTimeout Property (Replication)
ProfileName Property (Replication) Read-only
Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
Prototype eVC++
PublisherAddress Property (Replication)
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication) HRESULT get_SubscriberConflicts(long *pVal);
PublisherLogin Property (Replication)
PublisherPassword Property (Replication)
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) See Also
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherChanges Property (Replication) Replication Object Properties

PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)

QueryTimeout Property (Replication)

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Subscriber Property (Replication)

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Validate Property (Replication) (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

Validate Property (Replication)

The Validate property controls whether Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) replication performs data validation during
synchronization.

Applies To

SQL Server CE Replication object

Syntax

object.Validate [= value]

Part Description
object SQL Server CE Replication object

value VALIDATE_TYPE constant that specifies the type of data validation to perform

Data Type

VALIDATE_TYPE

Constant Value Description

NO_VALIDATION 0 Do not validate (Default).

ROWCOUNT_ONLY 1 Do a row count comparison on the published data.

Modifiable

Read/write

Prototype eVC++

HRESULT get_Validate(VALIDATE_TYPE *pVal);

HRESULT put_Validate(VALIDATE_TYPE newVal);

Remarks

SQL Server CE does not support ROWCOUNT_AND_CHECKSUM, FAST_ROWCOUNT_ONLY, or FAST_ROWCOUNT_AND_CHECKSUM validation. For more information,
see "Validating Replicated Data" in SQL Server Books Online.

See Also

Replication Object Properties

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Validate Property (Replication)

The Validate property controls whether Microsoft® SQL Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) replication performs data validation during
synchronization.

Up One Level
Applies To
Distributor Property (Replication)
DistributorNetwork Property (Replication) SQL Server CE Replication object
DistributorAddress Property (Replication)
DistributorSecurityMode Property (Replication)
Syntax
DistributorLogin Property (Replication)
DistributorPassword Property (Replication) object.Validate [= value]
ErrorRecords Property (Replication)
ExchangeType Property (Replication) Part Description
HostName Property (Replication) object SQL Server CE Replication object

InternetURL Property (Replication) value VALIDATE_TYPE constant that specifies the type of data validation to perform

InternetLogin Property (Replication)

InternetPassword Property (Replication) Data Type
InternetProxyServer Property (Replication)
InternetProxyLogin Property (Replication) VALIDATE_TYPE

InternetProxyPassword Property (Replication)

LoginTimeout Property (Replication) Constant Value Description

ProfileName Property (Replication) NO_VALIDATION 0 Do not validate (Default).

ROWCOUNT_ONLY 1 Do a row count comparison on the published data.

Publisher Property (Replication)
PublisherNetwork Property (Replication)
PublisherAddress Property (Replication) Modifiable
PublisherSecurityMode Property (Replication)
Read/write
PublisherLogin Property (Replication)
PublisherPassword Property (Replication)
PublisherDatabase Property (Replication) Prototype eVC++
Publication Property (Replication)
PublisherChanges Property (Replication)
HRESULT get_Validate(VALIDATE_TYPE *pVal);
HRESULT put_Validate(VALIDATE_TYPE newVal);

PublisherConflicts Property (Replication)

QueryTimeout Property (Replication) Remarks

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SQL Server CE does not support ROWCOUNT_AND_CHECKSUM, FAST_ROWCOUNT_ONLY, or FAST_ROWCOUNT_AND_CHECKSUM validation. For more information,
Subscriber Property (Replication) see "Validating Replicated Data" in SQL Server Books Online.

SubscriberConnectionString Property (Replication)

SubscriberChanges Property (Replication)
See Also
SubscriberConflicts Property (Replication)
Validate Property (Replication)
Replication Object Properties

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SQL Server CE Books Online

.NET Compact Framework Data Providers

Microsoft® ADO.NET is a set of classes that expose data access services. ADO.NET is an
evolutionary improvement to Microsoft ActiveX® Data Objects (ADO). ADO.NET is an
integral part of the .NET Compact Framework, providing access to relational data, XML
documents, and application data. ADO.NET supports a variety of development needs,
Up One Level including the creation of database-client applications and middle-tier business objects used
by applications, tools, languages, or Internet browsers.
Data Provider for SQL Server CE (SqlServerCe)
Data Provider for SQL Server (SqlClient) Core elements in the ADO.NET architecture are the .NET Compact Framework Data Provider
for SQL Server CE (System.Data.SqlServerCe) and the .NET Compact Framework Data
Provider for SQL Server (System.Data.SqlClient). These data providers are used to
connect to, execute commands in, and retrieve results from databases in Microsoft SQL
Server 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) and Microsoft SQL Server™,
respectively.

System.Data.SqlServerCe is used for programming Windows CE .NET-based applications

that are semiconnected to or disconnected from SQL Server databases.
System.Data.SqlClient is used for programming Windows CE .NET-based applications that
have direct connections to SQL Server databases (however, these applications must have
network access).

The following topics in this section provide general programming information about the
System.Data.SqlServerCe and System.Data.SqlClient namespaces. This section also
contains walkthrough information about how to programmatically perform basic tasks using
System.Data.SqlServerCe objects.

● Data Provider for SQL Server CE (SqlServerCe)

● System.Data.SqlServerCe Objects
● Getting Started with System.Data.SqlServerCe
● Advanced Programming Using System.Data.SqlServerCe
● Data Provider for SQL Server (SqlClient)

Setting Up a Project

Before an application can work with ADO.NET, you must configure your projects to
reference the .NET Compact Framework data providers that you plan to use.

To create a reference to the .NET Compact Framework data provider

1. In an open Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET project, on the Project menu, click Add References.
2. On the .NET tab, select either System.Data.SqlServerCe for SQL Server CE or System.Data.SqlClient for SQL
Server version 7.0 or later.

Note In some cases, you may need to reference

System.Data.Common if your application uses
DataAdapter or CommandBuilder classes.

3. Click Select, and then click OK.

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Data Provider for SQL Server CE (SqlServerCe)

System.Data.SqlServerCe provides programmatic access to databases in Microsoft® SQL

Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) from a Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET
application running on a Windows CE-based platform. System.Data.SqlServerCe provides
a set of classes designed to expose the functionality of SQL Server CE. For a list of classes
Up One Level in this namespace, see System.Data.SqlServerCe Objects. For more information about the
classes in this namespace, see the .NET Compact Framework SDK in Microsoft Visual Studio
System.Data.SqlServerCe Objects .NET.

Getting Started with System.Data.SqlServerCe

Advanced Programming Using System.Data.SqlServerCe Supported Functionality

System.Data.SqlServerCe provides the following functionality:

● Consistent access to SQL Server CE data sources.

Consumer applications that share data can use the SQL Server CE data provider to connect to SQL Server CE data
sources, and retrieve, manipulate, and update data.

● Components for connecting to a database, executing commands, and retrieving results.

The retrieved results can be processed directly or placed in an ADO.NET DataSet object to be exposed to the user
in an ad hoc manner, combined with data from multiple sources, or propagated remotely between tiers.

● Functionality to developers writing managed code.

This functionality is similar to that provided by ADO to native COM developers.

● Index functionality for optimal performance.

SqlCeCommand.SetRange restricts the set of row entries visible through calls to SqlCeDataReader.Read and
SqlCeDataReader.Seek. SqlCeDataReader.Seek allows direct positioning at a key value within the current
range.

● Interfaces needed to interact with the SQL Server CE Replication and Remote Data Access (RDA) objects through
the SqlCeReplication and SqlCeRemoteDataAccess classes.
● SqlCeEngine class methods that enable database creation and compaction.
● Parameterized query functionality.

All parameter placeholders must be substituted with question marks (?) in the SqlCeCommand.CommandText
property. Named parameters are not supported.

● Database encryption and password protection.

Provider Limitations

The data provider for SQL Server CE has the following limitations:

● Support for only one concurrent connection to SQL Server CE data source. Unlike the data provider for SQL Server,
however, System.Data.SqlServerCe supports multiple data readers created on the same connection.
● No support for batch queries. Queries must be a single SQL statement. For example, the following statement is
valid:

SELECT * FROM Customers

This statement is not valid:

SELECT * FROM Customers; SELECT * FROM Customers2

Datasets must be refreshed from a SqlCeDataAdapter. If you are using code from a Visual Studio .NET project,
you must modify your SQL statement to conform to this restriction.

● No support for nested or parallel transactions.

● No support for named parameters.

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System.Data.SqlServerCe Objects (SQL Server CE Books Online)

SQL Server CE Books Online

System.Data.SqlServerCe Objects
System.Data.SqlServerCe is the .NET Compact Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE. The following tables list the collection of classes, delegates, and
enumerations that comprise the System.Data.SqlServerCe namespace. For more information about these objects, see the .NET Compact Framework SDK in
Microsoft® Visual Studio® .NET.

Classes

Class Description
SqlCeCommand Represents an SQL statement to execute against a data source.

SqlCeCommandBuilder Provides a means of automatically generating single-table commands used to reconcile changes made to a DataSet with the associated Microsoft SQL
Server™ 2000 Windows® CE Edition (SQL Server CE) database. This class cannot be inherited.

SqlCeConnection Represents an open connection to a data source.

SqlCeDataAdapter Represents a set of data commands and a database connection that are used to fill the DataSet and update the data source.

SqlCeDataReader Provides a way of reading a forward-only stream of data rows from a data source. This class cannot be inherited.

SqlCeEngine Represents the properties, methods, and other objects of the SQL Server CE Engine object. This class cannot be inherited.

SqlCeError Collects information relevant to a warning or error returned by the data source. This class cannot be inherited.

SqlCeErrorCollection Collects all errors generated by the .NET Compact Framework Data Provider for SQL Server CE. This class cannot be inherited.

SqlCeException The exception that is thrown when the underlying provider returns a warning or error from a SQL Server CE data source. This class cannot be inherited.

SqlCeInfoMessageArgs Provides data for the InfoMessage event. This class cannot be inherited.

SqlCeParameter Represents a parameter to a SqlCeCommand and optionally its mapping to a DataSet column. This class cannot be inherited.

SqlCeParameterCollection Collects all parameters relevant to a SqlCeCommand as well as their respective mappings to DataSet columns.

SqlCeRemoteDataAccess Initializes a new instance of the SqlCeRemoteDataAccess object.

SqlCeReplication Initializes a new instance of the SqlCeReplication object.

SqlCeRowUpdatedEventArgs Provides data for the RowUpdated event.

SqlCeRowUpdatingEventArgs Provides data for the RowUpdating event.

SqlCeTransaction Represents an SQL transaction to be made at a data source. This class cannot be inherited.

Delegates

Delegate Description
SqlCeInfoMessageEventHandler Represents the method that will handle the InfoMessage event of a SqlCeConnection.

SqlCeRowUpdatedEventHandler Represents the method that will handle the RowUpdated event of a SqlCeDataAdapter.

SqlCeRowUpdatingEventHandler Represents the method that will handle the RowUpdating event of a SqlCeDataAdapter.

Enumerations

Enumeration Description
AddOption Specifies the source of the newly created SQL Server CE database.

DbRangeOptions Options used by SetRange when specifying the index range over which to Seek.

DbSeekOptions Options that specify how to Seek on an index.

DropOption Specifies whether to leave or delete the SQL Server CE database during a drop subscription.

ExchangeType Specifies whether data merges up to the Publisher or in both directions between the Publisher and the Subscriber.

NetworkType Specifies the network protocol used.

RdaBatchOption Specifies whether or not the rows associated with the Push should be batched together in a single transaction.

RdaTrackOption Specifies whether or not the table being pulled to the device is tracked.

SecurityType Specifies the mode of security enforced.

ValidateType Specifies the type of data validation to perform.

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System.Data.SqlServerCe Objects
Getting Started with System.Data.SqlServerCe
Class Description
Advanced Programming Using System.Data.SqlServerCe SqlCeCommand Represents an SQL statement to execute against a data source.