1 .

2 4 | Basic Mathematics

JEE Main/Boards

Exercise 1 1 1 1 
Q.5 1 − log5
=  log + logx + log5 
3 2 3 
Q.1 Solve
1  1  1 1  1
(i) log16 32 Q.6 logx − log  x − =
 log  x +  − log  x + 
2  2  2 2  8
(ii) log8 16 log10 x + 7
log10 x +1
Q.7 x 4 = 10
(iii) log1/3 (1 / 9 )
log210 x +log10 x2 −2
(iv) log2 3
(1728 )  log10 x 
Q.8  = log10 x

(v) log2 cos 45º  2 

(vi) log2 (log2 4 ) Q.9 log2 x − log2 8x + 1 =0

(vii) log3 ( tan30º )

Q.10 log1/3 x − 3 log1/3 x + 2 =0

Q.2 Prove the following

( )
2
logb x logb x
Q.11 a − 5a +6 =0
(i) log5 5 5 5 − ∞ =1

(ii) log0.125 ( 8 ) = −1 (
Q.12 log4 x2 − 1 − log4 ( x=
− 1)
2
) 
log4 

(4 − x)
2 



( )
(iii) log1.5 0.6 = −1
Q.13 2log3
x −3
+1 =log3
x −3
x−7 x −1
(iv) log2.25 ( 0.4 ) = −1

(v) log10 ( 0.9 ) = 0 ( )

Q.14 logx 9x2 log32 x = 4

Q.3 Find the no. of digits in Q.15 log0.5x x2 + 14log16x x2 + 40log4x x =

0

(i) 2100 (ii) 310

2
(
Q.16 log3 log1/2 x − 3log1/2 x + 5 =
2 )
Q.4 Solve
15
(i) logx −1 3 = 2 Q.17 log2 ( x / 4 ) =
x
log2 − 1
(
(ii) log3 3x − 8 =2 − x ) 1
8
Q.18 log10 (5x − 4 ) + log10 x + 1 = 2 + log10 0.18
2
(
(iii) log5− x x2 − 2x + 65 =
2 )
(iv) log3 ( x + 1 ) + log3 ( x + 3) =
1 Q.19 log
= 10 x
2
log10 (5x − 4 )

2log10 x
(v) x = 10.x2 1 1
Q.20 log2 ( x −=
2) − log1/8 3x − 5
log10 x +5 6 3
5 + log10 x
(vi) x 3 = 10

log x Q.21
log10 ( x +1 +1 ) =3
(vii) x 3 =9
log10 ( 3
x − 40 )
 M a them a ti cs | 1.25

1 1 log 3 log x
Q.22 1 − log10 ( 2x=
− 1) log ( x − 9 ) Q.4 If 5x 2 + 3 2 = 162 then logarithm of x to the
2 2 10 base 4 has the value equal to
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) 3/2
( )
Q.23 log10 3x2 + 7 − log10 ( 3x − 2 ) =
1
log2 x +log10 x3 +3 2
Q.5 (x) 10 =
 1 
Q.24  1 +  log10 3 + log10 2= log10 27 − 31/x
 2x 
( ) 1
–
1
x +1 –1 x +1 +1
1 where x1> x2> x3, then
Q.25 2 + x log10 x ( x + 2 ) + 1
log x + 3log10=
2 10 2
(A) x1 + x3 =
2x2 (B) x1 .x3 = x2

( )
Q.26 log2 4 x + 1 =x + log2 2x +3 − 6 ( ) (C) x2 =
2x1 x2
(D) x1−1 + x1−1 =
x3−1
x1 + x2
Q.27 log 5 (4 x
)
− 6 − log 5 (2 x
−2 =
2 ) Q.6 Let x = 2
log3
and y = 3
log2
where base of the
xlog10 4 logarithm is 10, then which one of the following holds
(
Q.28 log10 3x − 24 − x =
1
2 + log10 16 −
4
) 2
good?
(A) 2x < y (B) 2y < x (C) 3x = 2y (D) y = x
Q.29 log10 (log10 x ) + log10 log10 x − 3 =
0 ( 4
)
Q.7 Number of real solution(s) of the equation
x
Q.30 log3 9= ( )
+ 9 log3 3x 28 − 2.3x ( ) x −3
3x2 −10x +3
1 is-
=

(A) Exactly four (B) Exactly three

Exercise 2 (C) Exactly two (D) Exactly one

Single Correct Choice Type Q.8 If x1 and x2 are the roots of the equation
log2010 x
2010x = x2 , then find the cyphers at the end
1 1 1 of the product (x1x2)
Q.1 + +
log bc
abc log ac
abc log ab
abc
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 4
has the value equal to
Q.9 Let x = 2 or x = 3 satisfy the equation, log4 (x2 + bx
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4 + c) = 1. Then find the value of |bc|.
(A) 50 (B) 60 (C) 40 (D) 55
Q.2 The equation, log2 2x2 + log2 x.x ( ) logx (log2 x +1 )

1 −3log1/2 (log2 x )
+ log4 2x 4 + 2 1 has
=
2
(A) Exactly one real solution (B) Two real solutions
(C) 3 Real solutions (D) No solution

Q.3 Number of zeros after decimal before a significant

figure in (75)–10 is:
(Use log10 2 = 0.301 and log10 3= 0.477)

(A) 20 (B) 19 (C) 18 (D) None

 1 . 2 6 | Basic Mathematics

JEE Advanced/Boards

Exercise 1 log10 ( x − 3) 1
=
Q.1 Let A denotes the value of
Q.11 (a) Solve for x,
( 2
log10 x − 21 ) 2

    (b) log (log x) + log (logx3 –2) = 0; where base of log is

( ab ) − 4 ( a + b )  ( ab ) − 4 ( a + b ) 
2 2
 ab +  ab − 10 everywhere
log10   + log10  
 2   2  (c) logx2.log2x2 = log4x2
   
(d) 5logx + 5xlog5 = 3 (a > 0); where base of log is a
when a = 43 and b = 57 and B denotes the value of the

expression  2 6  .  3 6  . Find the value of (A.B).

log 18 log 3
Q.12 Solve the system of equations:
  
loga x loga (xyz) = 48
Q.2 Simplify: loga y loga (xyz) = 12

4 3
(a) log1/3 729 9−1.27−4/3 (b)
(
log b log b N ) loga z loga (xyz) = 84
log b a
a
Q.13 Let ‘L’ denotes the antilog of 0.4 to the base 1024.
and ‘M’ denotes the nuber of digits in 610 (Given log102 =
Q.3 (a) Which is smaller? 2 or (logπ 2 + log2 π )
0.3010, log103 = 0.4771) and ‘N’ denotes the number of
(b) Prove that log3 5 and log2 7 are both irrational. positive integers which have the characteristic 2, when
base of the logarithm is 6. Find the value of LMN.
Q.4 Find the square of the sum of the roots of the
equation log3x · log4x · log5x = log3x · log4x + log4x · log5x + Q.14 Prove the identity.
log5x · log3x.
logaN . logbN+ logbN . logcN + logcN . loga

Q.5 Find the value of the expression loga Nlogb Nlogc N

N=
2 3 logabc N
+
log4 ( 2000 ) log5 ( 2000 )
6 6
10
Q.15 If x, y > 0, logyx + logxy = and xy = 144, then
1 3
1 x+y
log5 9 log 6
3
 2  = N where N is a natural number, find the vaue
Q.6 Simplify:
81 +3
409


( 7) log25
− (125 ) 5 
log 6


2
of N.
 
log1/5 (1/2 ) 4 1
Q.7 Simplify: 5 + log + log1/2 Q.16 If log102 = 0.0310, log103 = 0.4771. Find the
2
7+ 3 10 + 2 21 number of integers in:
(a) 5200
2
Q.8 Given that log2 a = s, log4 b = s and log 2 8 = 2

2 5 s3 + 1 c (b) 615
a b
Write log2 as function of ‘s’ (a, b, c > 0) (c ≠ 1). (c) The number of zeros after the decimal in 3–100.
C4
log2 24 log2 192
Q.9 Prove that − =3 Q.17 log5120 + (x – 3) –2 log5 (1 – 5x –3) = – log5 (2 – 5x–4)
log96 2 log12 2

Q.18 logx+1 (x2 + x – 6)2 = 4

Q.10 Prove that ax – by = 0 wher x = loga b and

=y logb a , a > 0, b > 0 & b ≠ 1 . Q.19 x + log10 (1 + 2x) = x log105 + log106

 M a them a ti cs | 1.27

Q.20 If ‘x’ and ‘y’ are real numbers such that,  1/3 1/3 
 
log10 ( 2x − 3x=
x log  x  + log  3   log x3 =
) log10 x + log10 y, find y +
 3 3 x 
x  3 2
  
 
Q.21 If a = log12 18 and b = log24 54 then find the value
of ab + 5 (a – b) Q.31 Let a = (log7 81 )(log6561 625 )(log125 216 )(log1296 2401 )

b denotes the sum of the roots of the equation

Q.22 Find the value of log3x if following is true
= ( 2x )
log2 x log2
x x and c denotes the sum of all natural
( ) log (3x ) = log x
log9 9x 4
3 3
3
solution of the equation |x + 1| + |x – 4| = 7.
Find the value of (a + b) ÷ c.
Q.23 Positive numbers x, y and z satisfy xyz = 10 and81

(log10 x) (log10 yz) + (log10 y) (log10 z) = 468. Find the

value of (log10x)2 + (log10y)2 + (log10z)2. Exercise 2
Single Correct Choice Type
Q.24 Find the sum of all solutions of the equation

3
(log9 x )2 − 9 log x + 5 =3 3 Q.1 Number of ordered pair(s) satisfying simultaneously,
9
2 x+ y
the system of equations, 2 = 256 and
Q.25 Let a, b, c, d are positive integers such that loga
log10 xy – log10 1.5 = 1, is:
b = 3/2 and logc d = 5/4. If (a – c) = 9, find the value of
(b – d). (A) Zero (B) Exactly one
(C) Exactly two (D) More than two
Q.26 Find the product of the positive roots of the

( 2008 ) ( x )
log2008 x
equation = x2 Q.2 Let ABC be a triangle right angled at C. The value of
logb + c a + logc −b a
(b + c ≠, c – b ≠ 1) equals
Q.27 Find x satisfying the equation logb + c a.logc −b a

2  4 2  4  2  2  (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) ½

log10  1 +  + log10  1 =
−  2log10  − 1
 x   x + 4   x − 1 
Q.3 Let B, C, P and L be positive real number such that
log (B · L) + log (B · P) = 2; log (P · L) + log (P · C) = 3; log
Q.28 Solve: log3 ( x+ x −1 ) (C · B) + log (C · L) = 4. The value of the product (BCPL)
equals (base of the log is 10)
(
= log9 4 x − 3 + 4 x − 1
) (A) 102 (B) 103 (C) 104 (D) 109

Q.29 Prove that

Q.4 If the equation
(
log12 log8 (log4 x ) ) = 0 has a
 
4 4 4 4
 loga ab +logb ab − loga b/a +log a/b  loga b ( (
log5 log4 logy (log2 x ) ))
2 
solution for ‘x’ when c < y < b, y ≠ a, where ‘b’ is as
2 if b ≥ a > 1
=  log b large as possible and ‘c’ is an small as possible, then the
2 a if1 < b < a value of (a + b + c) is equal to

(A) 18 (B) 19 (C) 20 (D) 21

Q.30 Find the value of x satisfying the equation

log 3x 1/3 + log 3x 1/3  log x3

 3 ( ) x( )  3
 1 . 2 8 | Basic Mathematics

Q.5 For N > 1, the product

(lnx )
2
− 3lnx + 3
1 1 1 1 Q.13 If < 1 , then x belongs to:
. . . simplifies to ln x − 1
log2 N logN 8 log32 N logN 128
(A) (0, e) (B) (1, e) (C) (1, 2e) (D) (0, 3e)
3 3 3 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 7 n2 5 n2 21
Multiple Correct Choice Type

( )
( ) 
2
3log2 −2log log103 + log log106
1 + 2log3 2
Q.6 Let N = 10 where 
Q.14 The number N = + log26 2
(1 + log3 2)
2
base of the logarithm is 10. The characteristics of the
logarithm of N to the base 3, is equal to
when simplified reduces to-
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
(A) A prime number
(B) An irrational number
10 + 2 10 − 2
Q.7 If x
= = and y , then the value (C) A real number is less than log3π
2 2
(
of log2 x2 + xy + y 2 , is equal to ) (D) A real which is greater than log76

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 Q.15 The value of x satisfying the equation,
22x ‒ 8.2x = ‒ 12 is
5 3 5 3 log3 1 3
Q.8 The sum + + − is equal to (A) 1 + (B) log6 (C) 1 + log (D) 1
4 2 4 2 log2 2 2
π π π π
(A) tan (B) cot (C) sec (D) sin x x
3 3 3 3
Q.16 If  5 2 − 7  + 6  5 2 + 7  =
7,
   
Q.9 Suppose that x < 0. Which of the following is equal then the value of x can be equal to-

( x − 2)
2
to 2x − (A) 0 (B) log 36
(5 2 −7 )
(A) x – 2 (B) 3x – 2 (C) 3x + 2 (D) – 3x + 2 −2
(C) (D) log 6
(
log6 5 2 + 7 ) 5 2 −7

Q.10 Solution set of the inequality

3x ( 0.333..... ) ≤ (1 / 27 ) is:
x −3 x

Assertion Reasoning Type

(A) [3/2, 5] (B) ( −∞ ,3 / 2
(A) Statement-I is true, statement-II is true and
(C) ( 2,∞ ) (D) None of these statement-II is correct explanation for statement-I.
2x +1
−3 (B) Statement-I is true, statement-II is true and
 1  1− x  1  statement-II is NOT the correct explanation for
Q.11 Solution set of the inequality   >  is-
5 5 statement-I.
(A) ( −∞ , −2 ) ∪ (1, ∞ ) (B) (1, 4)
(C) Statement-I is true, statement-II is false
(C) ( −∞ ,1 ) ∪ ( 2, ∞ ) (D) None of these
(D) Statement-I is false, statement-II is true

Q.12 The set of all x satisfying the equation

Q.17 Statement-I: logx cos ( 2πx ) is a meaningful
2
log3 x2 + (log3 x ) −10 1 quantity only if x ∈ (0, ¼) ∪ (3/4, 1).
= is-
x2
Because
 1   1  1 
(A) {1, 9} (B) 9,  (C) 1, 4,  (D) 1,9, 
 81   81   81 
 M a them a ti cs | 1.29

Statement-I: If the number N > 0 and the base of the Comprehension Type
logarithm b (greater than zero not equal to 1) both lie
on the same side of unity then logbN > 0 and if they lie Paragraph 1: Equations of the form (i) f (logax) = 0,
on different side of unit then logb N < 0. a > 0, a ≠ 1 and (ii) g (logxA) = 0, A > 0, then Eq. (i) is
equivalent to f(t) = 0, where t = logax. If t1, t2, t3, ……… tk

(
1 log2 ( x − 1 )
Q.18 Statement-I: log2 2 17 − 2x =+ ) are the roots of f(t) = 0, then logax = t, loga x = t2, …… ,
x = tk and eq. (ii) is equivalent to f(y) = 0, where y
has a solution. logx A. If yf , y2, y3, …., yk are the root of f(y) = 0, then
because logx A = y1, logx, A = y2, ……. , logx A = yk.

Statement-II: Change of base in logarithms is possible. On the basis of above information, answer the following
questions.
Q.19 Consider the following statements
Q.20 The number of solution of the equation
log 5  x3 +1 
2
Statement-I: The equation 5   1 has two
−x = log3x 10 − 6log2x 10 + 11logx 10 − 6 =0 is:
distinct real solutions.
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Because.
loga N
Statement-II: a = N when a > 0, a ≠ 1 and N > 0.

Match the Columns

Q.21

Column-I Column-II
(A) The value of x for which the radical product (p) 4

is equal to 13, is not greater than

3 x − 7x + 4x − 1 2x + 4x − 1 3 x + 7x + 4x − 1

P (x) (q) 7
(B) Let P(x) = x7 – 3x5 + x3 –7x2 + 5 and Q (x) = x – 2. The remainder of is not smaller than
Q(x)

(C) Given a right triangle with side of length a, b and c and area equal to a2 + b2 – c2. The ratio of the (r) 10
larger to the smaller leg of the triangle is

(D) If a, b and c ∈ N such ( 3

)(
4 + 2 − 2 a3 4 + b 3 2 + c = )
20 Then the value of (a + b – c), is not
(s) 17

equal to

Q.22

Column I Column II

(A) The expression

= x log2 log9 6 + 6 + 6 + .........∞ simplifies to (p) An integer

(B) The number N = 2( 2

log 3.log3 4.log4 5.....log99 100 )
simplifies to (q) A prime

1 1 1
(C) The expression + − simplifies to (r) A natural
log5 3 log6 3 log10 3

(D) The number N = simplifies to (s) A composite

2 + 5 − 6 − 3 5 + 14 − 6 5