Project Scenario: Online Retail Store
Objective
The goal of this project is to create a database for an online retail store that manages
information about customers, orders, products, and order details. This project will demonstrate
how to use different types of JOINs to retrieve related data from multiple tables.
Step 1: Database Design
We will create the following tables:
1. Customers: To store customer information.
2. Products: To store product details.
3. Orders: To store order information.
4. OrderDetails: To store information about products in each order.
Table Structure
1. Customers Table
○ CustomerID (INT, Primary Key, Auto-increment)
○ FullName (NVARCHAR(100), NOT NULL)
○ Email (NVARCHAR(100), NOT NULL)
2. Products Table
○ ProductID (INT, Primary Key, Auto-increment)
○ ProductName (NVARCHAR(100), NOT NULL)
○ Price (DECIMAL(10, 2), NOT NULL)
3. Orders Table
○ OrderID (INT, Primary Key, Auto-increment)
○ CustomerID (INT, Foreign Key referencing Customers)
○ OrderDate (DATE NOT NULL)
4. OrderDetails Table
○ OrderDetailID (INT, Primary Key, Auto-increment)
○ OrderID (INT, Foreign Key referencing Orders)
○ ProductID (INT, Foreign Key referencing Products)
○ Quantity (INT, NOT NULL)
Step 2: SQL Commands
Create the Database
CREATE DATABASE RetailStoreDB;
GO
USE RetailStoreDB;
GO
Create the Tables
Create Customers Table
CREATE TABLE Customers (
CustomerID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
FullName NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Email NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL UNIQUE
);
GO
Create Products Table
CREATE TABLE Products (
ProductID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
ProductName NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
Price DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL
);
GO
Create Orders Table
CREATE TABLE Orders (
OrderID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
CustomerID INT,
OrderDate DATE NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES Customers(CustomerID)
);
GO
Create OrderDetails Table
CREATE TABLE OrderDetails (
OrderDetailID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
OrderID INT,
ProductID INT,
Quantity INT NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (OrderID) REFERENCES Orders(OrderID),
FOREIGN KEY (ProductID) REFERENCES Products(ProductID)
);
GO
Step 3: Insert Sample Data
Insert Customers
INSERT INTO Customers (FullName, Email)
VALUES
('Alice Johnson', '
[email protected]'),
('Bob Smith', '
[email protected]'),
('Charlie Brown', '
[email protected]');
GO
Insert Products
INSERT INTO Products (ProductName, Price)
VALUES
('Laptop', 999.99),
('Smartphone', 499.99),
('Tablet', 299.99);
GO
Insert Orders
INSERT INTO Orders (CustomerID, OrderDate)
VALUES
(1, '2024-09-01'), -- Alice's order
(2, '2024-09-02'); -- Bob's order
GO
Insert OrderDetails
INSERT INTO OrderDetails (OrderID, ProductID, Quantity)
VALUES
(1, 1, 1), -- Alice ordered 1 Laptop
(1, 2, 2), -- Alice ordered 2 Smartphones
(2, 3, 1); -- Bob ordered 1 Tablet
GO
Step 4: Using JOINs to Retrieve Data
1. INNER JOIN
Retrieve all orders along with customer names.
SELECT O.OrderID, C.FullName, O.OrderDate
FROM Orders O
INNER JOIN Customers C ON O.CustomerID = C.CustomerID;
GO
2. LEFT JOIN
Retrieve all customers and their orders, including those who haven't placed any orders.
SELECT C.FullName, O.OrderID, O.OrderDate
FROM Customers C
LEFT JOIN Orders O ON C.CustomerID = O.CustomerID;
GO
3. RIGHT JOIN
Retrieve all products and the orders they are associated with, including products that have not
been ordered.
SELECT P.ProductName, O.OrderID, O.OrderDate
FROM Products P
RIGHT JOIN OrderDetails OD ON P.ProductID = OD.ProductID
RIGHT JOIN Orders O ON OD.OrderID = O.OrderID;
GO
4. FULL OUTER JOIN
Retrieve all customers, orders, and products, including those without a match in any table.
SELECT C.FullName, O.OrderID, P.ProductName
FROM Customers C
FULL OUTER JOIN Orders O ON C.CustomerID = O.CustomerID
FULL OUTER JOIN OrderDetails OD ON O.OrderID = OD.OrderID
FULL OUTER JOIN Products P ON OD.ProductID = P.ProductID;
GO
Conclusion
In this project, we successfully created a RetailStoreDB database, defined tables for
customers, products, orders, and order details, and inserted sample data.
