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Data Link Protocols

This document summarizes different data link protocols. It categorizes protocols as either character oriented or bit oriented. Character oriented protocols interpret data in predefined fixed length patterns and use control characters, while bit oriented protocols interpret data bit-by-bit and use control fields. Examples of character oriented protocols include XMODEM, YMODEM, and ZMODEM. Bit oriented protocols like SDLC and HDLC can convey more information efficiently in smaller frames. The document then describes several asynchronous data link protocols like XMODEM, YMODEM, KERMIT, BLAST, and IBM's 83B protocol. It also outlines the operation and frame formats of the synchronous HDLC protocol.

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Seravana Kumar
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270 views

Data Link Protocols

This document summarizes different data link protocols. It categorizes protocols as either character oriented or bit oriented. Character oriented protocols interpret data in predefined fixed length patterns and use control characters, while bit oriented protocols interpret data bit-by-bit and use control fields. Examples of character oriented protocols include XMODEM, YMODEM, and ZMODEM. Bit oriented protocols like SDLC and HDLC can convey more information efficiently in smaller frames. The document then describes several asynchronous data link protocols like XMODEM, YMODEM, KERMIT, BLAST, and IBM's 83B protocol. It also outlines the operation and frame formats of the synchronous HDLC protocol.

Uploaded by

Seravana Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Character Oriented Protocols

They interpret a frame of data as a group of successive

bits combined in predefined patterns of fixed length. Control information is included in the frame like STX and ETX control characters Also called as byte oriented protocols Examples: XMODEM, YMODEM, ZMODEM, KERMIT, BLAST, IBMs 83B asynchronous data-link protocol, IBMs BSC(bisync)

Bit Oriented Protocols


It interprets the data in bit-by-bit fashion rather than

fixed length group of n bits No dedicated control characters Control field within a frame defines more than one control function More efficient than Character oriented which conveys more information in small frames Examples: SDLC(Synchronous Data Link Comm) HDLC(High-level Data Link Comm)

Classification

Asynchronous Data Link Protocols

XMODEM
It is a simple means of having two computers talk to

each other Popularity: Half duplex mode of operation ACK/NCK responses CRC data checking It specifies half-duplex stop and wait protocol using a data frame consists of four fields

XMODEM

YMODEM
Capacity of 1024 bytes
Two CAN characters are used to abort a transmission ITU-T-CRC 16 is used to calculate the frame check

sequence Multiple frames can be sent with a single ACK or NAK character ZMODEM: Combines the features of XMODEM and YMODEM

KERMIT
It is a terminal emulation program as well as file

transfer protocol Control characters are transmitted as a text A fixed number to its ASCII code followed by # added to it Receiver detects # thereby discarding it and interpreting the next character as control character In case of # character, two #s are sent

BLAST
Defines rules for file transfer and file management

with remote computer Full-duplex transmission and uses sliding window flow control

IBMs 83B Asynchronous Data-Link Protocol


Central-controlled multipoint data circuit with polling

environment It uses VRC for error detection ARQ for error correction Four operating modes:
Line monitoring Transmit

Receive
Local

IBMs 83B Asynchronous Data-Link Protocol


83B Polling Sequence:

83B responses to Polls:

IBMs 83B Asynchronous Data-Link Protocol

High Level Data Link Protocol


It is an international standard defined by ISO for use

on both point-to-point and multipoint data links Supports full duplex and can be used in both multipoint and computer networks To satisfy a variety of applications, HDLC defines three types of stations
Primary station

Secondary station
Combined station

High Level Data Link Protocol


Stations configuration w.r.t network configuration: Point-to-point with single primary and secondary(unbalanced) Multipoint with single primary and multiple secondary(Unbalanced) Point-to-point with two primaries and two secondaries(Balanced)

Operation mode of HDLC


Normal Response Mode
Asynchronous Response Mode(ARM) Asynchronous Balanced Mode(ABM)

Frame Formats of HDLC


Unnumbered frames(U-frames)
Information frames(I-frames) Supervisory frames(S-frames)

Frame Structure of HDLC

HDLC Operation
Initialization
Data transfer Disconnect

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