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Introduction To Off Grid Solar Power System

Akshay Singhal, a 3rd year electrical engineering student at S.D College of Engineering and Technology, chose to assemble his own off-grid solar power system as his project. The document outlines the key components needed for an off-grid solar system including solar panels, charge controller, inverter, batteries, and how to size each component based on power requirements. It also discusses how to properly install the system, including mounting the solar panels at the optimal tilt angle and selecting a location with no obstructions. Both the pros, such as reduced electricity bills and carbon footprint, and cons, like high initial costs and reliance on weather, of an off-grid solar system are presented.

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Akshay Singhal
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733 views

Introduction To Off Grid Solar Power System

Akshay Singhal, a 3rd year electrical engineering student at S.D College of Engineering and Technology, chose to assemble his own off-grid solar power system as his project. The document outlines the key components needed for an off-grid solar system including solar panels, charge controller, inverter, batteries, and how to size each component based on power requirements. It also discusses how to properly install the system, including mounting the solar panels at the optimal tilt angle and selecting a location with no obstructions. Both the pros, such as reduced electricity bills and carbon footprint, and cons, like high initial costs and reliance on weather, of an off-grid solar system are presented.

Uploaded by

Akshay Singhal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME : AKSHAY SINGHAL

ROLL NO : 1708320004
COURSE : B.Tech ( 3rd )
BRANCH : ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
BRANCH HEAD : Mr. ANKUR SAXENA
COLLEGE : S.D COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
` AND TECHNOLOGY
CONTENT
 Aim of project and motivation
 Introduction: Off-grid solar system
 How the solar system fit together
 Basic Steps to Installation Off-Grid System
 How to choose all components
 Pros and cons of off-grid solar system
 Conclusion
Aim of project and motivation
Aim of project:- Day by day the price of solar panels
falls gradually, but still, installation of a complete off-
grid solar system is costly due to lack of knowledge and
information.
An off grid or stand along solar PV system is when
solar PV system is not connected to the utility grid and
we are producing own electricity via solar is called off-
grid solar system.
I decided to choose this project on how to get all the
components for our solar system separately and
assemble it all by myself.
Introduction : Off-grid solar power system
How the solar system fit together
For an off-grid solar system
we need four basic
components:-

1. Solar Panel (PV Panel)


2. Charge Controller
3. Inverter
4. Battery
Basic Steps to Installation Off-Grid Solar PV System for Our Home

Step 1: Calculate home load (AC+DC loads)


Step 2: Battery Selection
Step 3: Solar Panel Selection
Step 4: Charge Controller Selection
Step 5: Inverter Selection
Step 6: Series and Parallel Connection
Step 7: Mounting the Solar Panel
Components of Off-Grid Solar System
Introduction: Types of loads

1. Basic Loads
2. Large appliances
3. Special loads
Basic Loads
Large appliances Special loads
Size of Battery Bank

Days of Autonomy:

The amount of time (days) the system can operate on battery


power alone with no input from other generation sources (PV,
and generator).

DoD (Depth of discharge):


The rated capacity is taken to be
Measure of maximum capacity to be withdrawn from a specified at 25°C with a C/20 discharge.
battery
At higher discharge rates, the capacity
will be lower and vice versa.
Solar Panel Selection
Solar panels are generally rated under standard test
conditions (STC): irradiance of 1,000 W/m², solar spectrum
of AM 1.5 and module temperature at 25°C.

During the 12hr day time the sunlight is not uniform, and
it also differ according to our location on the globe.

So we can assume 5 hours of effective sunlight which will


generate the rated power.

So total power output of Panels = 24V * 479.245 Ah =


11 kWh

Power to be generated per hour = 11000 / 5= 2.2 kW


Charge Controller Selection
A solar charge controller is a device which is placed between a solar panel and battery.
It regulates the voltage and current coming from solar panels.
It is used to maintain the proper charging voltage on the batteries.
As the input voltage from the solar panel rises, the charge controller regulates the charge to the
batteries preventing any over charging.
Rating of Charge Controller:

Since our system is rated at 24 V, the charge


controller is also 24 V.

Current rating = Power output of Panels / Voltage


= 2200 W / 24V = 91.67 A

So choose a Charge Controller of 24 V and more


than 91.67 A.
Inverter Selection
Inverter Types
1. Square Wave
2. Modified Sine Wave
3. Pure Sine Wave (SPWM)
Square wave inverters are the cheapest but not suitable for all appliances.
Modified Sine Wave output is also not suitable for certain appliances, particularly those with capacitive
and electromagnetic devices such as: a fridge, microwave oven and most kinds of motors.
Typically modified sine wave inverters work at lower efficiency than pure sine wave inverters.
Mostly SPWM type inverter use in off grid solar system.
Rating of Inverter
The power rating should be equal or more than the total load in watt at any instant.
In our case the maximum load at any instant = A.C. (630 W)+ Refrigerator (530 W) + T.V. (200W) +
Fan (6*80W) + CFL (6*11W) = 2000 W
By taking some margin we can choose a 2000 W inverter.
As our system is 24 V we have to select a 24V DC to 230V/50Hz AC pure sine wave inverter.
Mounting the Solar Panel

After designing the solar system, buy all the components with appropriate
rating as per the previous steps.

Now it is time to mount the solar panel. First choose a suitable location on
the roof top, or on the ground, where there is no obstruction of sunlight.

The tilt of the stand is nearly equal to the latitude angle of our location.

Tilting : To get the most from solar panels, we need to point them in the
direction that captures the maximum sun light, i.e. south if we are in the
northern hemisphere or north if we are in the southern hemisphere.
Metering and Data logging
We are interested to know how much energy is produced by our
solar panel or how much energy being consumed by our appliances we
have to use energy meters.

the meter combines accurate 1-phase and 3-phase energy and


power measurements with data logging, power quality analysis,
alarming and I/O capabilities are typically available in such a compact
meter.

It provides a high degree of visibility to data and assets that allows


for cost savings, rapid response time, and better decisions.

Improve operations and profitability of our facility with this easy-to-


install, easy-to-operate meter.
Pros and cons of off-grid solar system
pros cons

No electricity bills We will need a room to store large solar batteries and a
battery bank

No electric rate hikes You must closely monitor energy usage so you don’t run
out of power

We will have access to power when grid-reliant The high costs of setup and maintenance.
customers face power outages, grid outages and rolling
blackouts.
We will reduce our carbon footprint and decrease our We don’t have access to power if weather, natural
dependence on energy through more efficient use of disasters or accidents damage or destroy solar panels or
power. solar system.
Conclusion
Solar energy is a resource that is not only sustainable for energy consumption, it is
indefinitely renewable.
Solar panels also require little maintenance; after installation and optimization
they are very reliable due to the fact that they actively create electricity in just a
few millimeters.
Off-grid Solar systems are also a silent producer of energy.
Off-grid Solar system energy output is maximized when the panel is directly
facing the sun. This means that panels in a fixed location, such as the building above,
will see a reduced energy production when the sun is not at an optimal angle.
The primary disadvantage of off-grid solar power is that it obviously cannot be
created during the night.
The power generated is also reduced during times of cloud cover
Thanks for your attention ,
Any Questions????

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