CALCULUS I
Lecturer: Eng Fuaad Abdirizak Elmi
Department of Civil Engineering
University Of Somalia
Outline
Contents of the Course
References
Department of Civil Engineering
University Of Somalia
Contents of the Course
Here is a listing and brief description of the material in this
set of notes.
Chapter 1 Functions & Their Types
Chapter 2 Limits
Chapter 3 The Derivative
Chapter 4 Application Of Derivative
Chapter 5 Integration
Department of Civil Engineering
University Of Somalia
References
Anton Calculus Early Transcendentals 9th txtbk
Department of Civil Engineering
University Of Somalia
Introduction
Technically a student coming into a Calculus class is supposed
to know both Algebra and Trigonometry.
Most students enter a Calculus class woefully unprepared for
both the algebra and the trig that is in a Calculus class.
This is very unfortunate since good algebra skills are
absolutely vital to successfully completing any Calculus
course and if your Calculus course includes trig (as this one
does) good trig skills are also important in many sections.
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University Of Somalia
Roots of Calculus
Today’s exciting applications of calculus have roots that can
be traced to the work of the Greek mathematician Archimedes.
The actual discovery of the fundamental principles of calculus
was made independently by Isaac Newton (English)and
Gottfried Leibniz (German) in the late seventeenth century.
The work of Newton and Leibniz was motivated by four major
classes of scientific and mathematical problems of the time
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University Of Somalia
Roots of Calculus
Find the tangent line to a general curve at a given point.
Find the area of a general region, the length of a general curve,
and the volume of a general solid.
Find the maximum or minimum value of a quantity—for
example, the maximum and minimum distances of a planet
from the Sun, or the maximum range attainable for a projectile
by varying its angle of fire.
Given a formula for the distance traveled by a body in any
specified amount of time, find the velocity and acceleration of
the body at any instant.
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Historical Aspect
ISAAC NEWTON (1642–1727)
GOTTFRIED WILHELM LEIBNIZ (1646–1716)
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University Of Somalia
• What is a number?
Natural Numbers= are set of counting numbers (1,2,3,4)
Whole Numbers= are set of numbers that include 0 plus
Natural numbers (0,1,2,3…..)
Integers= are set of whole numbers and their opposite
(……−4,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,4…...)
The real numbers consists of
Rational Numbers are any numbers that can be expressed
inform of a/b where a and b are integers and b0, they can be
always expressed by using terminating decimals or repeating
decimals
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University Of Somalia
• What
is a number?
Terminating decimals are decimals that contain a finite
number od digits
e.g 36.8, 4.5 0.125
Irrational Numbers are any numbers that cannot be expressed
inform of a/b where b=0, they can be always expressed by
using non-terminating decimals or non-repeating decimals
Non-terminating decimals= decimals that go on forever
without repeating patter
E.g. 0.344333333, 48.3333333333, Pi
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University Of Somalia
What is a number?
Example
Classify all of the following numbers as natural, whole,
integer, rational or irrational.
117
0
-4
12.66666666666
20.4
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University Of Somalia
In equalities
Symbols
>, <, ≥ &≤
We call math statement an equation when both sides of the
statement area equal to each other
E.g. 11= 5+2+4
11=11
We call math statement an inequality when both sides of the
statement are not equal to each other
E.g. 10=5+6+4
10≤15
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University Of Somalia
In equalities
Graphing in equalities
• Examples
a. X=2
b. X<2
c. X>3
d. X≥4
e. X≤6
Department of Civil Engineering
University Of Somalia
In equalities
Graphing in equalities
• Class work
a. X>-6
b. X≥6
c. X≤-4
Department of Civil Engineering
University Of Somalia
Function
A function is a relation in which element of the domain is
paired with exactly one element of the range
Another way saying that there is one and only one output (y)
with each input (X)
y f x
Input
Name of
Output
Function
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University Of Somalia
Function
Domain is the set of all first numbers of the order pairs, or in
other words the domain is the all of the x values.
Range is the set of the second numbers in each pair or the y
values.
Department of Civil Engineering
University Of Somalia
Course Work
Course Work
Total = 100
10 Marks
30 Marks 10 Marks 40 Marks
10 Marks Attendance +
Mid Term Quiz-II Final Term
Quiz-I Assignments
Examination Examination
(Theory)
