Text Structure
NONFICTION
ORGANIZATIONAL
PATTERNS
Text Structure
refers to the ways that authors organize
information in text
Fiction Non fiction
Story Elements: Problem/Solution
Characters Cause and Effect
Plot Sequence Problem/Solution
Description
Problem Solution
Compare and Contrast
Setting
Chronological
In order of time
Chrono = time
Stories are told chronologically
Moved Fell in
Met Girl Born Married Died
Away Love in 1882 in 1906 in 1948
Sequence / Order of Importance
Steps described in the order they occur. What items,
events, or steps are listed? Do they have to happen in this order?
Get bread
Tighten
Laces
Open jars
Tie Loops
Together Spread peanut butter
Make Two
Loops Spread jelly
Put on Combine slices
Shoe
Enjoy.
Does not take place at any specific point in time.
Cause and Effect
Explains reasons why something happened or explains the effects of
something.
What happened? Why did it happen? What caused it to happen?
Not feeding it. Many Karate
Schools Opened.
Why Dog
Not petting it. Lots of Karate Nunchuck sales
Ran Away Movies in 60’s Increased 400%
Not loving it.
Hospital cases
went up.
Problem and Solution
Author states a problem and solution(s).
Similar to cause and effect.
Missing
Eagles were Make laws to
Books
endangered. protect them.
Putting in
the Closet
Basically
Getting Cause & Effect
Lockers
With an Opinion.
And an answer.
Compare and Contrast
Compare = find similarities Contrast = find differences
Shows what’s in common and what’s different.
Apples &
Oranges
Fruits Colors
Have Seeds Tastes
Healthy
Locations
Practice
.
1
Deviled Eggs
Pop out (remove) the egg yolks to a small bowl and mash with a fork.
Add mayonnaise, mustard powder, vinegar, salt and pepper and mix
thoroughly. Fill the empty egg white shells with the mixture and sprinkle
lightly with paprika. Cover lightly with plastic wrap and refrigerate for up
to one day before serving.
2
Sports at Ericson
There are two popular sports played at Ericson, basketball and volleyball.
Both take place inside of the gym at Ericson. Also, each sport has two
teams of people. In basketball, however, the ball can be played off of the
floor, and in volleyball, the ball cannot touch the floor or it is out of play.
Basketball and volleyball are popular sports at Ericson.
3
The Lazy Student
When Tim woke up, he didn’t want to go to school. His mom took him
anyway. So, he went to school, but he didn’t do any work. The days
passed, and Tim still didn’t do any work. Mr. White called Tim’s house,
but Tim still wouldn’t do any work. Finally the report cards came out, and
Tim failed his classes. Tim was sad.
4
Failing Classes
Lots of students fail classes. Some students fail because the work is too
hard for them. Other times they may fail because they are lazy, and don’t
do any work. Another reason why students may fail is if they don’t go to
school. If you’re not in class you may miss a lot. Many students fail
classes every quarter.
5
Passing Classes
A lot of students have been failing classes. These students wouldn’t be
failing classes if they studied more, asked questions, tried harder, and came
in for extra help. Even though a lot of students fail classes, they have
many options if they want to pass.
6
Gail Denvers
Devers experienced the highlight of any sprinter’s
career, as she stood on the huge platform in the giant
stadium and received an Olympic gold medal.
Eighteen months earlier she wasn’t thinking about
running. She was hoping that she would be able to
walk again.
Just four years earlier, in the summer of 1988, as
Devers was training for the Olympic Games, to be
held in Seoul, South Korea, she began to feel very
tired all the time and failed to make the Olympic
finals.
7
Three Types of Circus Clowns
Generally, there are three categories of circus clowns—whiteface, august and
character. Each has a specific makeup style and costume. Each has a typical act as well.
The neat whiteface is usually a strict, in-charge character who sets up the punch
line for the joke with a partner His facial features are neatly detailed in red or black.
Circus legend has it that the august clown got his name from a German nickname
for someone who is clumsy. The august wears light-colored makeup, but white is used
around the mouth and eyes, and there’s a big red nose. This clown performs a great deal
of slapstick humor.
Character clowns perform as different personalities—cowboys, scarecrows,
grandmothers or symphony conductors. The most famous character clown, however, is
the tramp. Tramps wear different styles of makeup and costumes that are torn or shabby.
Some tramp clowns are happy-go-lucky. Others are extremely sad. Still others act like
gentlemen who just happen to be out of money.
8
HOW TO USE THE MICROSCOPE
1. Plug in the lamp.
2. Place a sample of what you wish to observe on a
slide.
3. Adjust the mirror so it reflects light from the room
up into the objective lens.
4. Place your slide with the specimen directly over
the center of the glass circle on the stage.
5. With the LOW POWER objective lens placed
over the slide, use the coarse focus knob.
6. Look through the eyepiece with one eye while
closing the other eye.
7. Use the fine focus knob to fine
9
Fewer Toads
Though toads are still around, they no longer are as
common in some areas as they were a few decades
ago. The growing use of insecticides has reduced
their numbers. The chemical sprays usually do not
harm toads, but cut down the animals’ food supply.
Thereby, the toads do not have enough food to
survive. There are fewer toads in many areas
populated by humans.
Answers
1. Sequence
2. Compare and Contrast
3. Chronological
4. Cause and Effect
5. Problem and Solution
6. Chronological
7. Compare and Contrast
8. Sequence
9. Cause and Effect
