0714-313:Digital Signal Processing
Week-01
Syeda Rukaiya Hossain
Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
DIU
Signals
Signals contain stream of information.
Information about the state or behavior of a system.
Information generally has a pattern of variations.
Hence, a signal can be represented mathematically as a function of one or more independent variables.
1D signal: speech (independent variable- time (t)),
2D signal: Image (independent variable- spatial variables (x, y))
3D signal: video (independent variables- spatial variables (x, y) and time(t))
System and Signal Processing
• System: Signal generation is associated to system
(system response to source/stimulus/force/excitation)
• A device that performs operation on signals.
(physical device or software realization)
Example: Noise reduction filter, frequency analyzer
• Signal Processing: Manipulate signal to get some
processed information
Filtering: Extract/remove certain portion
Compression
Coding
Various Types of Signals
Continuous-time (analog) and discrete-time signals
Continuous valued and discrete valued signals
Digital Signal (discrete-time and discrete amplitude)
Multi-channel Signal
Multi-dimensional Signal (1D, 2D, 3D…)
Deterministic and random signals
Analog Signal Processing
Most real-world signals are analog.
They are continuous in time and amplitude.
Convert to voltage or currents using sensors and
transducers.
Analog signal processing examples
Analog circuits: Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Amplifiers,…
Audio processing in FM radios
Video processing in traditional TV sets
Digital Signal Processing
Digital signals: discrete both in time and amplitude.
Steps:
1. Sampling : A continuous to discrete-time conversion
2. Quantization: An interpretation of a continuous quantity by a finite set of discrete values
3. Coding: Conversion of information into binary numbers.
Represent signals by a sequence of numbers: Sampling or A/D conversions
Perform processing with a digital processor: Digital signal processing
Reconstruct analog signal: Reconstruction or digital-to-analog conversion
Advantages of Digital Signal Processing
✓ Better Accuracy and tolerances, Less undesired nonlinearities)
✓ Better storage facility and scope of offline computation
✓ Flexibility to modify/reconfigure the design by simply changing the programs (in analog SP,
needs redesign, testing, verification)
✓ Opportunity for repeatability
✓ Less sensitive to electrical noise
✓ Ease of implementation
✓ Lower cost
✓ Software processing reduces the need for unique circuits in varying conditions.
Applications of Digital Signal Processing
Audio signal processing: Audio broadcast, noise control, music/audio storage, data
compression, speech signal processing, acoustic detection, sound recognition, equalization.
Image processing: Classification, feature extraction, multi-scale signal analysis, pattern
recognition, projection, filtering, video processing, computer vision.
Digital communication: Cellular telephony, video conferencing, digital TV, digital radio,
telemetry, internet.
Biomedicine: Biomechatronic devices, prosthetic devices, neural mapping, diagnosis, therapy.
Medical imaging.
Weather forecast
Computer Graphics
Radar and Sonar
Seismology
Thank You
