Lecture-2

Theory of Hoisting Equipment

 Introduction
Hoisting equipment serves the purpose of
moving loads vertically as well as transferring
them from a definite point of area covered by
the equipment into another desired area.

Structurally it is of diverse nature and may

be classified accordingly to the construction,
application and the kind of work performed.

The equipment itself can be powered

electrically, hydraulically, pneumatically or
manually
By: Mohammed Endris 2
Cont.…
The breakdown of the hoisting equipment
might mean the dropping of the lifted load
which could endanger life,

thus quality materials are used that strictly

conform to manufacturing specifications and
are selected on the basis of certificates
provided by metal suppliers.

By: Mohammed Endris 3

Component parts and units of hoisting
equipment
Flexible hoisting appliances are the followings:
• Pulleys and pulley systems
• Sprockets and drums
• Load handling attachments
• Stopping and braking devices
• Drivers (motors)
• Transmissions; Transmission components
(axles, shafts, bearings, clutches, etc.)
• Rails and travelling wheels
• Machine structures (crane frames) and
Control devices.
By: Mohammed Endris 4
Theory and types of Hoisting Equipment
Classification of hoisting equipment is made
based on various characteristics.

This may be according to the type of

movement, i.e., the path made by the load
travelling in the various planes, or the
classification may be according to their
purpose.

By: Mohammed Endris 5

 Continue…
They are designed, in their application, to the
specific operating conditions.

There are three groups of hoisting equipment:

Hoisting machines: a group of periodic
action devices designed as self-lifting gear
and for hoisting and moving loads or as
independent mechanisms of cranes or
elevators. Simply it lift items up and down
only.
By: Mohammed Endris 6
Hoisting machines

By: Mohammed Endris 7

Cont.…
Cranes: a combination of separate hoisting
mechanism with a frame for lifting and/or
moving loads.

By: Mohammed Endris 8

Cont….
Elevators: a group of periodic action
machine intended for raising loads with
guide- ways.

By: Mohammed Endris 9

 Types of Hoists
1. Manual Hoists
Also known as chain falls, are lever-actuated
or hand-operated lifting devices.
These types of hoists use a hand chain to
control the lifting or lowering and a load
chain for support.
The operator either cranks a lever
attachment or pulls on either end of the hand
chain to lift or lower the goods.
These hoisting equipment types are of three
kinds: Lever, chain, and rope.
By: Mohammed Endris 10
 Manual Hoists

By: Mohammed Endris 11

 2. Electric Hoists
Electric hoists are powered by electricity and
utilize chains or wire ropes to lift or lower
objects.
The operator just pushes a button to raise or de-
load their cargo.
The applications of these hoists vary based on
the type you choose: whether it’s electric chain
hoists, electric wire rope hoists, or electric belt
hoists.
But they are generally used to shift engines,
transformers dies, injection mold tools, turbines,
and steel coils across various industries.

By: Mohammed Endris 12

A. Electric Chain Hoists

Electric chain hoists use chains as the lifting

medium.
The chain is pulled by a motor that converts
electrical energy into mechanical energy to
lift the load.

By: Mohammed Endris 13

B. Electric Wire Rope Hoists
On the other hand, electric wire rope hoists
use wire rope instead of chains.
The wire ropes may not hold out as well as
load chains under certain conditions.
They are also more expensive.

By: Mohammed Endris 14

C. Electric Belt Hoists
Perfect for the food sector, electronic,
pharmaceutical, and other cleanroom
environments,
These hoists cover a wide load range and are
suited to many lifting applications.

By: Mohammed Endris 15

 3. Hydraulic Hoists
Unlike traditional lifts, hydraulic hoists rely
on an oil-based piston mechanism in place of
a motor system.
The piston allows the hoist to lift much
heavier loads with a smaller motor.
Most marinas and shipyards use hydraulic
hoists to move boats in and out of the water.
They can also load and unload shipping
containers from vessels to nearby trucks and
storage facilities.

By: Mohammed Endris 16

 4. Gear Hoists
It consist of a set of gears: a driving gear and
one or more driven gears, which work
together to lift the load.
Due to their mechanical advantage and
capacity it is used to lift heavy loads with
precision.

By: Mohammed Endris 17

 5. Rotary Vane Hoists
Vane hoists come equipped with a cylindrical
housing with vanes or blades mounted on an
internal rotor.
The rotor rotates to create a vacuum, which
lifts or lowers the load.

By: Mohammed Endris 18

 6.Pneumatic Hoists
Pneumatic hoists use compressed air to
facilitate lifting and hauling.

They can run continuously without rest.

This makes them ideal for high-speed and

heavy-duty lifting applications where other
hoists would likely fail.
Because of their unique qualities, air hoists
are best suited to particularly long lifts where
an electric motor would overheat.

By: Mohammed Endris 19

A. Pneumatic Piston Hoists
Piston hoists employ a hollow cylinder and
piston as their lifting mechanism.
An external motor or pump moves the piston
within the cylinder, increasing the air
pressure and aligning it with the piston’s axis.
This movement creates a linear force used to
extend the lift components, raising or
lowering the load.

By: Mohammed Endris 20

B. Pneumatic Chain Hoists
Most pneumatic chain hoists are explosion-
proof, self-cooling, and easier to repair than
electric hoists, making them especially useful
for harsh and dangerous environments.

Air chain hoists are free from complicated

electrical components and can be used
virtually anywhere.

By: Mohammed Endris 21

C. Pneumatic Wire Rope Hoists
Wire rope air hoists can position loads
accurately without raising concerns about
sparks.
They allow variable speed controls and
precise load spotting for better safety.
Additionally, wire rope air hoists are virtually
impervious to dust and humidity.

By: Mohammed Endris 22

Main technical parameters of hoisting
machines
Lifting capacity
Dead weight of the machine: the total weight
of the machine with out the load;
Speed of various movements
Lifting height: the height to which the load is
intended to be raised;
Geometrical dimension of the machine.

By: Mohammed Endris 23

Hoisting machines are periodic-action machines
and their hourly capacity can be determined
from:
Qhr=Q*n
where n = number of machine cycles per
hour
Q = weight of live load [tons]
Qhr= hourly capacity [tons/h]

When handling bulk material, the weight of live

loads is:
Q=V* ϕ* γ
V = capacity of bucket, grab etc [m3]
ϕ = filling factor
γ = specific weight Endris
By: Mohammed [t/m3] 24
The total load lifting capacity of the machine
will be:
Qtotal= Q + G
Where Q = live load [tons]
G = weight of bucket, grab, etc.
[tons]
The number of cycles per hour is:

By: Mohammed Endris 25

 Duties of Hoisting Machinery

Mean lifting capacity utilization:

By: Mohammed Endris 26

 In cases where the weight of the handling
attachment, G, is greater than or equal to one-
fifth of the live load, the value of KLoad becomes:

Yearly Utilization factor

Daily Utilization factor

Hourly Utilization factor

By: Mohammed Endris 27

The number of switching-on operations for an
electric drive per hour has been accepted as:
Light duty = 60 operation/h
Medium duty = 120 operation/h
Heavy duty = 240 operation/h
Very Heavy duty = 300-720 operation/h

By: Mohammed Endris 28