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241Algorithms Python

Uploaded by

bcynfn159
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Introduction to

Algorithms and Python


Preparatory Year Program PYP-002
Objectives

Basics of Algorithms
Representing Algorithms
Introduction to Python Programming
Variables and Data Types

2
Introduction to Algorithms

An algorithm can be


defined in different ways:
Input List
 A finite sequence of well-
defined instructions (step
by step procedure), to Algorithm
solve a particular A step-by-step procedure for solving
a problem or completing a task.
problem.
 A step-by-step process of
solving any specific Output List

problem or doing a task is


called algorithm.

3
Qualities of a good algorithm

Finite number of steps


The steps are unambiguous. Meaning
that every step leads clearly to the next
one.
The algorithm terminates eventually
with desired result (output)

4
Different ways of representing algorithm

Pseudocode
 The pseudocode is a written form
representation of the algorithm.
Flowchart
 Flowchart is graphical representation of
algorithms.

5
Pseudocode (Example of Algorithm)

Write an algorithm to find the average of two


numbers entered by user.
Step-1: Start
Step-2: Declare variables num1, num2, Average
Step-3: INPUT num1, num2
Step-4: Average  (num1 + num2)/2
Step-5: Display Average
Step-6: Stop

6
Flowchart

Flowchart is a diagrammatic or graphical


interpretation of an algorithm. It is very helpful to
explain any program to others and writing
programs.
A Flowchart
 Illustrates the logic of an algorithm
 Highlights on each particular step and their
interconnections
 It also shows the control flow from one action to the
next

7
Symbols Used In Flowchart

8
Example of flowchart
Draw a flowchart to find average of two numbers entered by user.

Start

Input num1

Input num2

Average  (num1 + num2)/2

Output Average

End

9
Python Programming

To implement the algorithm, a program must be


written in a programming language. A program is
a particular set of instructions for the computer to
follow.
 Python is a High-Level Programming Language
The programs are written by following a certain
syntax. The syntax indicates how each
instruction should be written

10
Variables

To understand the concept of algorithms in computer


science one needs to understand how variables work.
Variable
 A variable is a named piece of computer memory,
containing some information inside.
 Think of a variable as a box with a name, where we
can "store" something for retrieval and use later.
 A simple variable can hold one value at a time.
 When a new value is assigned, the old value is lost
and cannot be recovered.

11
Variables

Simple variables hold the latest value inside


When a new value is assigned, the old is
replaced

12
Variables Types
Variables can hold different types of data
name = 'Ahmed'

name Ahmed
In the notebook, you can show the variables declared in
the program and their types when you click on {x}.

Variable Data type

name= 'Ahmed' String

x=5 Integer

y = 2.5 Floating point (Real


Numbers)

13
Variable Input

Input numbers
 input() functions always return string (text) value
 To get numbered input we can use the int (convert to
integer) or float (convert to real number with decimal
point) functions

side=input('Enter side of a square:')


side=int(side)
perimeter=4*side
print(perimeter)

Output:
Enter side of a square:4
16
14
Python Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operation Python symbol Output
Addition 9+6 15
Subtraction 9–6 3
Multiplication 9*6 54
Division 9/6 1.5
Floor division 9 // 6 1
Remainder 9%6 3
Exponentiation 9 ** 6 531441

Order of evaluation:
1. Exponentiation
2. Division, multiplication, remainder
3. Addition and subtraction
15
Python modules

Math module in python contains multiple functions inside

Math function Python syntax


Sin(x) math.sin(x)
Cos(x) math.cos(x)
Tan(x) math.tan(x)
Radians math.radians(angle)
math.exp(5)

 math.ceil(7.1) = ? Ceiling math.ceil(x)


 math.floor(7.8) = ? Floor math.floor(x)
math.sqrt(x)

16
Python Programming

 Google Colab IDE


 Gmail account required
 https://colab.research.google.com/

17
Combining text and variable in
print

‘+’ symbol can be used within print function to


concatenate same input types (str + str)
 float or int variables need to be converted to string
using str() function to concatenate with text
GPA=3.8
name= ‘Mohammad'
print('Hello ' + name)
print('Your GPA is = ' + str(GPA))
Comma can be used to combine inputs and
variables of different types in print function without
the need of conversion to str
GPA=3.8
name=‘Mohammad'
print('Hello ',name,'\nYour GPA is = ',GPA)

18
Review Questions

Calculate the result of the following expressions


 2**3+4/2
 4*3+2*8/4**2
 13-math.ceil(19 / 4) + (4 ** math.floor(5 * 0.5))

Convert the following mathematical expressions into


Python expressions. x and y are real number inputs
that are entered by the user

19

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