Server Management

& Administration
Subject Outline

• T1:Client/Server architecture & NOS Introduction

• T2: DNS and DHCP server management
• T3: Database and Web servers management
• T4: Storage Management
• T5:System backup and Archiving
• T6: Datacenter architecture
• T7: IT Monitoring
• T8: IT governance
• [Optional]: Server Virtualization

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3
How Internet Works

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How Internet Works?
Internet is actually
Interconnected Servers
Each Server has its own task

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How Internet Works

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How Internet Works

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Servers Types

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2-Tiers vs. Multi-Tiers Servers

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The digital world in 1 second

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How big is the data storage market

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How big is the data storage market

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Data centres

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Introduction to
computing
Paradigms
 Computing Evolution
• Computing: designing and building hardware and
software systems for a wide range of purposes:
• processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information;
• doing scientific studies using computers; making computer systems behave
intelligently;
• creating and using communications and entertainment media;
• finding and gathering information relevant to any particular purpose, and so on.
ACM Computing Curricula 2005

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 Computing Overview
• In the early days of computers, computer systems were
standalone systems
• there were no connections.
• had their own set of terminal and printer, and process data
independently.
• might used different operating system and software programs.
• Different and duplicated stored data forms.
• Inability to connect among each others.

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 Computing Overview How was the
world without
• standalone systems networks/com
munications ?
!

IS it valuable
for business
environment?

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 Computing Overview
• How came First :
• PC
• Mainframe
• Server

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Computing Evolution

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Computing Paradigms
 Centralized Processing
 A host computer (often a mainframe)
handles all processing,
 including input, output, data storage and
retrieval.
 Dump terminals can be used for data entry
or remote access
 (NO PROCESSING).
 Distributed Computing
• A collection of interconnected independent computers collaborate to
handle the processing.
•Independent?
• Each node (computer ) has its own resources (CPU, storage, memory,…).
• No shared memory.
• The end user fully utilizes his/her node, as well as, the resources of the remote
computer.
 Distributed Computing
• world wide web (internet). Is the famous example.
• When you use a browser to visit a web site, a program such as Internet Explorer
runs on local system and interacts with a program(known as web server) which
runs on remote system to fetch a file or resource.

•I have full access on my

PC/Laptop (Independent)

•I can access any resource on

the internet (Interconnected)
 Distributed Computing

• What are the kinds of Distributed Computing?

 Distributed Computing

• There are two models of distributed paradigm:

Asymmetric relation symmetric relation

Different Nodes with Different Roles Different Nodes with Same Roles
 Peer-to-peer model
A class of decentralized, self-
organizing distributed systems, in
which all or most communication
is symmetric.” (IPTPS’02)
The load is divided among all the
involved components.
Each node is considered as both
server and client. (symmetric relation)
Each node contribute some
processing power and memory.
P2P model Application

Computation
• E.g. Seti@Home (Astronomy), UnitedDevices (Cancer Research), and
Gnome@home.
File Sharing
• Napster, FastTrack (KaZaA, iMesh), Gnutella (LimeWire, BearShare), Overnet,
BitTorrent, etc
Content Streaming
• Pplive, SplitStream, etc
• The first few users get the stream from the server
• New users get the stream from the server or from users who are already
receiving the stream.

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P2P model Application

Backup storage (HiveNet, OceanStore)

Collaborative environments (Groove Networks)
Web serving communities (uServ)
Instant messaging (Yahoo, AOL)
Anonymous email
Censorship-resistant publishing systems
(Ethernity, Freenet)
Spam filtering.

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Client Server Model

It is the most prevalent model for distributed computing protocols.

It is the basis of all distributed computing paradigms at a higher level
of abstraction.
It is service-oriented, and employs a request-response protocol.

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 Client-Server Model
• Each component of a
client-server system has
the role of either client or
server (Asymmetric
Relation)
• Client: a component that
makes requests
clients are active initiators
of transactions
• Server: a component that
satisfies requests
servers are passive and
react to client requests.
Client-Server Model

• Server
• manage network resources like Disk drives (file servers), Printers (print
servers), and Network traffic (network servers)
• Client
• Initiate the service (e.g. email client to send an email/ web browser to open
website)
• Rely on servers for: Files, Devices, Processing power.
• Fat client vs. Thin Client

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Client-Server Model

• Which is the best?

• P2P
• Client-Server

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Fat vs. Thin

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Fat client vs. Thin Client

• Fat Server Thin Client

• Thin Server Fat Client

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Fat client vs. Thin Client

Fat clients (thin server)

The bulk of the application is running on the client
The client knows how the data is organized and where it is
Different clients access the same applications different ways
Fat servers (thin client)
The server more complicated
The clients are less complex
More of the code runs on the server
The network interaction is minimized

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Fat client vs. Thin Client

3 2 Client Types
Data Management

2 Application Logic Fat

Thin Client
1 Presentation Client
3 Logical Tiers

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 Server Types
File servers
File sharing and file processing
Data base servers
Passing file results
Example: Query in DBMS server
Typically one single request/reply
Transaction servers
Transaction server includes DBMS and transaction
monitoring
Server has remote procedures run online by the client
web servers
 Super-fatservers and thin clients
Uses HTTP protocol
Java was first to introduce interactive C/S forms.

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Two-Tier vs. Three-Tier Architecture

Two-tier servers
Examples: file servers and database server
The process (application logic) is buried within the client or server (or both)
Three-tier servers
Examples: Web and distributed objects
The process is run on the middle-tier – separated from the user and data
interface
They can integrate the data from multiple sources
More robust and more scalable
Two-Tier vs. Three-Tier Architecture

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Two-Tier vs. Three-Tier Architecture

Tier 3 Tier 2 Tier 1

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Two-Tier vs. Three-Tier Architecture

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 Middleware Software
a set of common business-unaware services that
enable applications (server) and end users (client)
to interact with each other across a network.
Allowing the client request for a service and the server providing it
Middleware can also be between server/server
Two broad classes
General
 LAN servers, TCP/IP, Communication stacks, Queuing services, etc.
Application specific
 Used to accomplish a specific task
 Groupware specific: SMTP
 Internet specific: HTTP
 Database specific: SQL
 Middleware Software

Client Server
Middleware
Web Browser Service-Specific; DSM Web server
GUI NOS (security, peer-to-peer, Groupware
OS directory, distributed files); DBMS
Etc.
Transport stack (TCP/IP)

DSM: Distributed Shared Memory

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Client/Server vs. P2P

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Client/Server vs. P2P

24x7 Accessibility:
Improved Collaboration
Centralized, Client Backups
Remote Access
Server Backups
Enhanced Security
Better Client Performance
Shared, System-Wide Services
Enhanced Reliability
Business Growth
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Server Management

Server Management refers to the servers’ monitoring and

maintenance.
Maintenance ensures that every hardware and software run at its optimal
capabilities.
Monitoring involves keeping track of every metric and parameter that may
affect your server performing at full capacity.
How to do that?
This is the core of UCCN3004

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Thank
you
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