Some basic Unix commands
Understand the concept of loggin into and out of a Unix
shell
Interact with the system in a basic way through
keyboard and terminal window
Create, copy and delete files, edit files
Understand and use commands like: ls cd mv cp rm cat
date mkdir rmdir
Be able to navigate up and down in the file system
1
Logging in and out
As a Unix user you can log in and out
When loggin in, the system checks your user name and
password – if correct, the system starts a shell for you
and places you in the starting directory
The shell runs as your process until you log out
The shell gives you a prompt and interprets what you
type
2
Interacting with the system
Default input from the keyboard
Default output to the terminal window
When hitting return the shell interprets what you have
typed
The shell finds a command with that name and starts a
process to execute the command
During this time the shell process sleeps and wakes up
when the command process is done
3
Working with files
Creating files
– Can use vi or any editor
– Can use cat with input and output redirection
Copying files
– cp makes a copy of an existing file
– cat can do it also, we practice this to understand I/O redirection
Deleting files: rm
Editing files
we will learn about vi, the most available Unix editor
other editors are available on the system as applications
4
More important commands
ls lists the files in the current directory by name
cd changes your position in the directory tree
mv moves a file from one directory to another
rm deletes a file
date prints the current date and time
mkdir creates a directory
rmdir deletes a directory (must be empty)
All Unix commands have options
5
Navigating in the directory tree
The cd command changes your position in the directory
tree, destination is parameter, it must be the name of a
directory visible in the current directory
– cd without parameter
– Relative movement (relative pathname)
– Absolute movement (absolute pathname)
–
cd .. and cd .
6
To Make a Good Password
A good password
– Easily remembered by YOU
– Difficult to be guessed by others
Tricks to make a good password
– Pick letters from a sentence
I love Unix Ioenx
– Pick letters, numbers, and symbols that
sound, look like, or replace a phrase
I hate carrots! ih8^s!
A bad password not only harms you
– Attacks are much easier with a compromised account on a
computer
7
Some Basic Commands
who: Who are using the system.
terra$ who
katchab ttyp0 Aug 11 08:47
scott tty02 Aug 10 11:01
jenny tty03 Aug 10 07:21
who am i: Who am I.
terra$ who am i
katchab ttyp0 Aug 11 08:47
8
Some Basic Commands
ls: List the files under current directory
terra$ ls
readme cs211.2.ppt cs211.ppt.gz notes.zip
cs211.1.ppt cs211.3.ppt make/ shell/
cat: Display the content of a file
terra$ cat readme
Unix is easy!
terra$
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Some Basic Commands
Ctrl-c: (press <Control> and c at the same time) Interrupt the current task.
terra$ cat
^c
terra$
netscape: surf the net. ONLY WHEN X is running
terra$ netscape
lynx: surf the net.
terra$ lynx www.yahoo.com
10
Some Basic Commands
man: See the manual page of a command.
terra$ man cat
Reformatting page. Wait... Done
User Commands cat(1)
NAME cat - concatenate and display files
SYNOPSIS cat [ -nbsuvet ] [ file ... ]
DESCRIPTION
cat reads each file in sequence and writes it on the stan-
dard output. Thus:
example% cat file
prints file on your terminal, and:
example% cat file1 file2 >file3
concatenates file1 and file2, and writes the results in
file3. If no input file is given, cat reads from the stan-
dard input file.
OPTIONS--More--(11%)
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Commands covered today
File Manipulation Commands:
– copy (cp), rename (mv), print (lpr), examine a file (head,
more, cat), search a file (grep), delete (rm)
Miscellaneous commands
– echo, date, cat
Basic File Compression – gzip, gunzip
Finding Utilities and help
– which, whereis, apropos, man, info
Communicating online
– Chat (write/talk) and email (pine)
12
Communication Utilities in UNIX
13
The talk Command
14
A Complete talk Session
15
A Complete talk Session
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A Complete talk Session
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The write Command
18
E-Mail Programs
Some Programs available in Unix/Linux
– Mail – most basic, low level mail command
– ELM
– PINE (PINE Is Not Elm), more user friendly text mail
– Outlook, GUI driven
– Eudora
– Netscape Mailer
19
Email Address
20
PINE
A menu-driven client
Uses pico as an editor
Allows MIME attachments
Main Menu
– C - Compose to write a message
– I or L - View messages
– Q - Quit
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Local login
22
Remote Login
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