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Echoes Of The Past

@readerofmanyworlds

Sara ~ Aroace ~ 22
A tired grad student studying rhetorics of social media. Obsessed with fashion history, Star Trek, and whichever other media I can steal time to watch that month (presently the Percy Jackson reboot and A Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes).

I thinks folks expressing incredulity at the quality of the writing and composition in Calvin and Hobbes are often missing the context that Bill Watterson is arguably the most influential sequential artist of his generation. Like, this is a guy who once told the editors of nationally syndicated newspapers to go fuck themselves when they wanted to mess with his panel layouts, and not only did he keep his job, he got his way. He could have had literally any gig he wanted, and he chose to be the Sunday funnies guy because that's what made him happy. He's basically the Weird Al of sequential art.

Watterson considers comics to be as true an art form as painting and films and literature, capable of reaching just as high as any other medium. Calvin and Hobbes isn't accidentally high art. Watterson made it what it is on purpose. And when he was done, he stopped. No movie, no spinoff, no reboot. He considers the comic to be its completed form, in exactly the medium it is supposed to be. He believed in comics in a way few others ever have, and he fought tooth and nail for the right to take his own work, jokes and all, seriously.

star trek explores these strange seemingly inconsequential extremes because it wants you to consider the possibility that your concept of ethics doesnt and could never possibly account for every scenario. It wants you to consider the ethical ramifications of just wiping out the little nanites taking over your ships computer even though eventually this will kill you all becuase

-What if they’re alive?

-What if they’re sentient?

-What if they don’t realize they’re hurting us?

-What if what hurts us is what they need to live?

-What if we can communicate with them?

Star Trek takes the situation of, “these computer bugs are eating our ship and in an hour we’ll all be dead and we COULD just wipe them out utterly but…what if they’re like us?” because the ramifications effect what risks we ourselves are willing to take in the name of pacifism and understanding. it says that even the smallest most immenently dangerous creature deserves as much of a chance to live peacefully as we can possibly give it through understanding.

without examining ourselves this way, through these made up seemingly inane situations, we will never be able to understand ourselves and what we’re truly capable of, what levels of understanding can be achieved. without the ability to place ourselves in a difficult situation and reach beyond our first instinct of fight or flight and self-preservation, we will never be evolve as a global community

this is unequivocally true. the rabbi at my childhood temple made it a point to bring a Star Trek scenario into every single d'var, and there was always something relevant!

some actual dark ages accomplishments you might recognise:

  • Beowulf (manuscript dated between 975-1025)
  • the invention of jury trial (in britain, idk about elsewhere)
  • Insular artworks and illuminated manuscripts like the Lindisfarne Gospels (c. 715-720)
  • also includes baller metalwork look at this 7th century sutton hoo shoulder clasp pls
  • Carolingian artworks and illuminated manuscripts like the Aachen Gospels (c. 800s)
  • La Chanson de Roland (c. 1040)
  • national coinage for small kingdoms as well as major empires (in europe) (i know this is earlier in asia)
  • tartan
  • modern graveyards (in churches, with stone markers)
  • near-universal literacy (before 1066, as many as 90% of freemen are thought to have been literate in England, including peasants without land) and the promotion of churchmen and administrators from all levels of society
  • Ecclesiastical History of the English People (c. 731), one of the first post-Classical attempts at evidenced, factual historical writings, covering from 55BC to the 700s, and the stated inspiration for chronicles across Europe all through the medieval period.
  • the "Celtic cross" and other cool knotwork and animal designs in masonry, generally the result of Viking motifs being applied in areas with better masonry skills
  • wide distribution of law books
  • church parishes
  • The Book of Kells (c. 800)
  • horseshoes
  • the Hagia Sophia (now a mosque, but built as a church by Greek architects in 537)
  • central heating (really!) (also fun fact: we had central heating in europe before we had chimneys)
  • foot-pedal looms
  • grenades (sort of) (they were Greek fire rather than gunpowder explosives but you still throw a small pot at the enemy and it go boom)
  • Táin Bó Cúailnge and the rest of the Ulster Cycle
  • English translations of the Bible from the 890s
  • The Exeter Book (c. 975) which has some absolutely baller riddles in it btw
  • Ibn Sina's writings on medicine (1020s) - I've tried to stick to a European milieu here (since "Dark Ages" is a European term) and Ibn Sina was Persian. but under the name "Avicenna" and alongside fellow Persian al-Razi/"Rhazes" (c. 864-935) he basically reshaped European medical practices up to the 17th century, so, like. he deserves his flowers.

but also

SOME THINGS THAT ARE NOT FROM THE DARK AGES (a very incomplete list):

  • castles
  • knights
  • plate armour
  • common law, parliament, or magna carta
  • trial by combat
  • chaucer
  • pikes and other polearms (besides spears) (in fact pikes are generally considered to be a sign of the shift from medieval society into early modern)
  • the poetic edda and prose edda from which we get most of our understanding of "viking mythology" (although they're drawing on earlier sources)
  • the crusades
  • cathedrals (mostly)
  • stone houses
  • feudalism
  • modern cities
  • guilds
  • the black death

these are all medieval, but became major parts of european society after the 10th-11th century, which is generally the cutoff for "early medieval" or "Dark Ages".

(it's usually the 10th century. England is late to the party, less because of cultural backwardness and more because the Norman Conquest in 1066 provides such a neat dividing line that historians for almost a millennium have been unable to resist making it The Change Of Eras)

DARK AGES:

  • vikings
  • anglo-saxon england
  • the frankish empire
  • abbeys
  • minsters
  • mead-halls
  • hill-forts
  • thralldom (chattel slavery)

NOT DARK AGES:

  • russians
  • norman england
  • the holy roman empire
  • monasteries and friaries
  • parish churches
  • manor houses
  • castles, towers, and fortresses
  • villeinage (lifelong bonded labour under contract)

NOT EVEN MEDIEVAL ACTUALLY STOP THAT:

  • the british empire
  • shakespeare
  • polearms
  • witch trials
  • the spanish inquisition
  • plague doctors (those are from the 17th century bubonic plague outbreak, not the 14th century one!)
  • boned corsets
  • geographically accurate maps
  • the african slave trade
  • anything outside european zones of influence! these are terms designed by european historians to describe european history. if you try to apply them too broadly outside that context you will be hammering a square peg into a round hole.

I am tired of watching people be assaulted, beaten, even shot by the masked secret police in my country.

They're not cops. They don't wear badges or have numbers. They conceal their names and send them to cities they don't live in so no one will know their eyes.

The secret police only occasionally wear a uniform. They refuse to identify themselves, they hide in unmarked cars and leap out to abduct unsuspecting men waiting for work, women dropping children off at school, children leaving school to head home.

These men, women, and children are dragged into cars in front of horrified witnesses, while the secret police wave pepper spray and guns and think themselves anything but the cowards they are.

The masked secret police disappear their victims into prisons where they lose their documentation, or simply don't ask for it at all, prisons where they are kept from contacting lawyers, or family members. No one knows where they are or where they have gone. Hopefully, they reemerge after some days, a week, three weeks, a month.

Sometimes they stay gone.

If you try to ask, where is my mother? my father? my client my cousin my friend my brother my husband my wife where is my CHILD, the secret police find that very funny.

Or enraging, depending on who answers the phone.

They hiss, How dare you want to know where your mother is? How dare you be frightened for the health of your child? How dare you fear for your husband without the medicine for his heart?

How dare you.

SUPER TOP SECRET WORK HACK!!! If you explicitly tell people, "You are an adult and a professional, I trust you to do your job; just keep me in the loop and let me know if there are questions," then thank and/or praise them when they accomplish your mutual goals? they will keep doing things for and with you. Sometimes they will even side with you over other people in the organization, because you've taken the time to establish that baseline respect and trust! hashtag winning or whatever

I just want to say this can work with kids too, mostly because of the 'respect' thing.

This past month, Parks & Rec has been doing a lot of work on the field adjacent to my school. They have trucks with flatbeds, mowing/tree-cutting/postholing machinery, etc. And when they arrived, I (campus monitor) was told I would need to herd the kids away from the trucks/machinery and basically prevent them from creating a dangerous situation.

So when recess came around and the kids stampeded out the door I held them up and I said (being funny but at the same time serious, you know how it is, kids listen better if you're funny)

"Okay, I know that you're all smart AND mature, right? And talented and good looking? Definitely the smartest and most talented class in this school? (I say this to every class, they're all 'my favorites'.) And because you're SO intelligent and mature, I don't need to actually TELL you that these guys have vehicles and machinery that you need to stay clear of, right? Because I know you figured that out already, and I also know that YOU know how sad I would be if any of you were run over, or squashed, or had a pole fall on you. I would be SO SAD, like, I would probably have to lie down on the floor and cry. So you're not going to make me cry, right? I can trust you to stay away from the trucks and machines no matter where they are on the field? Because you're wonderful and amazing? My favorites? My inspiration?"

And they're laughing at me of course, because I'm being so dramatic. Some of them are "Yes, and-"ing my dramatics and inventing more involved mourning processes I should undertake if any of them get run over. Some of them are yelling at me that they are NOT mature yet and they are VERY STUPID and I should know this.

It's been three weeks. We had one conversation about it. None of them have gone anywhere near the trucks. This is actually in excess of the typical elementary-schooler's working memory and I'm very proud of them. I haven't had to blow the whistle at ONE person for getting too close even when the trucks were literally 40 feet from the actual playground.

"I know I can trust you to do this", even when phrased with humor, is like a magic key that unlocks teamwork+cooperation.

It’s so sad that students are now relying so heavily on AI for writing essays because they’re missing out on the best part of writing an essay which is when you’re a few paragraphs in and you just reach that flow state where your thought process becomes one with the essay and you’re slamming the keys so hard that you’re on the verge of destroying your laptop. I used to get high off of that shit

The Wageworker, Lincoln, Nebraska, May 31, 1907

I'd just like to say this is beautifully typeset with excellent use of spacing and hyphens. However I find it a little funny that I can tell the newspaper bought their type from multiple foundries, as the shoulder of a few of the letters is slightly shorter than the rest. If you need to know what I'm talking about, look at the "less" in the bottom righthand corner. The second "s" is slightly lower on the page than its neighbor. It's the same font, and typeface, but produced by a different type foundry. (It could also be the same type foundry at a different time, or a different machine at the foundry, etc.) You can also spot this phenomenon in the "te" of "peni-tentiary" and the "t" of "If the eastern."

My guess is that they had an original order of quite a lot of type, and then over the years as the type wore out and they began to need replacements, got a second, smaller order which was made to different specifications.

Here's a helpful diagram from wikipedia:

(Yes I forgot the term for the shoulder of a piece of type and had to look it up.)

A winning trade war strategy for Canada

As the great Canadian philosopher Keanu Reeves averred in the 1994 public transportation documentary Speed, sometimes the winning move is to shoot the hostage.

That is: when your adversary has trapped you in a deadlock situation where neither of you can win, the winning move is to stop playing the game – rather, change the rules, and a bouquet of new moves will bloom.

Trump thinks he has Canada cornered, but we have a hell of a winning move. Unfortunately, we're not making it (yet).

Thus far, Canada's response to Trump's tariffs has been tit for tat: retaliatory tariffs. America smacked Canada's exports with tariffs, so Canada smacked the goods we import from the US with tariffs, too. This means that everything we buy in Canada is more expensive, which is certainly one way to punish Trump! It's like punching yourself in the face as hard as you can and waiting for the downstairs neighbour to say "ouch!"

Not only are retaliatory tariffs bad for Canadians, they're also bad for the Americans who are also suffering under Trump. Rather than fostering an alliance with Americans against our common enemy – America's oligarchs and their god-king Trump – Canadians have declared war on all of our American cousins.

Take the decision to eschew delicious American bourbon and switch to Wayne Gretzky's undrinkable rye. Somewhere in a state that begins and ends with a vowel, there is a corn farmer who never did anything to hurt Canada who's suffering as a result of this decision. We get shitty booze, and he can't afford to make payments on his tractor. Everyone loses!

Now, it's a funny thing about that tractor. Chances are, it's made by John Deere, a rapacious ag-tech monopolist that bought out all its competitors and now screws farmers in every imaginable way. One particularly galling scam is how John Deere handles repair. Farmers typically repair their own tractors. After all, a tractor is a business-critical machine with a lot of moving parts that can fail in a million ways.

But after the farmer fixes their tractor, it will not work until they pay John Deere to send a technician to their farm to type an unlock code in the tractor's keyboard. This is a totally superfluous step, inserted solely to allow Deere to rip off their customers. Farmers have been fixing their own farm implements since the first plow – after all, when you need to bring the crops in and the storm is coming, you can't wait for a service call at the end of your lonely country road – but John Deere has declared the end of history. In John Deere's world, farmers can only use their tractors when an ag-tech monopolist says they can:

No farmer wants this anti-feature in their tractor. In a normal world, someone would go into business selling farmers a kit to disable it. After all, this is all accomplished with software, and software is infinitely flexible. Every computable program can be executed on every computer. John Deere installed a 10-foot pile of shit in its tractor software, so someone else could go into business shipping 11-foot ladders made out of software that can be delivered instantaneously to anyone in the world with an internet connection and a payment method.

But we don't live in a normal world. We live in a fundamentally broken world. It's been broken since 1998, when Bill Clinton signed a law called the "Digital Millennium Copyright Act" (DMCA). Section 1201 of the DMCA establishes a felony, punishable by a 5-year sentence and a $500k fine, for anyone who "bypasses an access control" on a digital system. This means that if John Deere designs its tractors to ensure that incoming instructions were authorized by the company (say, a manufacturer's password that needs to be entered before you can update the software), then it is a felony to bypass that check. When John Deere puts one of these access controls in its tractor, it conjures up a new felony out of thin air, making it a literal crime for a farmer to modify their own tractor to work the way they want it to. It's what Jay Freeman calls "felony contempt of business model."

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