Foundations of Inquiry
and Overview of Research
Aims and Methodologies
CLASSROOM AGREEMENT
CLASSROOM AGREEMENT
Be on time
Peace sign if you want to go the rest room.
One-mouth rule
No cellphones allowed during class
Submit your output on time
No sleeping during class discussion
Respect everyone
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
1. Writing the procedures for writing a research paper.
2. Analyzing the strategies used by teachers in teaching research.
3. Asking from the LTO the list of requirements to get a driver’s license.
4. Finding the problems encountered by students during math class.
5. Determining the factors affecting the choice of people in the market.
tickler
In your own understanding, give the difference between inquiry and research.
using the venn diagramm compare and contrast the term mentioned.
INQUIRY RESEARCH
Learning objectives;
At the end of the lesson you are expected to;
define inquiry and research;
describe the research process;
understand the aims of research.
Introduction to Inquiry
Inquiry
is defined by the National Science
Education Standard (NSES) as a
multifaceted activity that involves
making observations; posing
questions; and examining books
and other sources of information to
see what is already known in light
of experimental evidence; using
tools to gather, analyze, and
interpret data; proposing answers,
explanations, and predictions; and
communicating the results.
What is Research?
is a disciplined inquiry
wherein we generate a
problem as a question to be
answered.
we make a course of action to
carry out the procedure for
investigation.
we collect and record data
through observation and
instrumentation to derive an
appropriate conclusion and
recommendation.
ethymology
research comes from middle
french “reserche” which means
“to go seeking.”
it is a recursive attempt to seek
the truth.
after investigating a certain
research project, a new
problem arises from the
findings, which becomes a new
research problem that needs to
be solved.
Figure 1.1. Research process is recursive
8. A CONCLUSION IS
1. A RESEARCHER
FORMULATED.
PROBLEM IS IDENTIFIED
7. THE PROCESS ARE
ANALYZED AND
INTERPRETED. 2. A HYPOTHESIS IS
FORMULATED
6. DATA ARE
COLLECTED,
ORGANIZED, AND
3. THE RELATED
PROCESSED.
LITERATURE IS REVIEWED.
5. EXPERIMENTATION IS
DONE.
4. A RESEARCH DESIGN
IS PREPARED.
Aims of Research
Research aims to;
generate new knowledge,
find an application for
new knowledge,
verify existing
knowledge, and
develop the investigator.
Investigators from various disciplines obtain new
knowledge or information through research.
a. Generating new
Many scientist in the late 19th century were knowlege
engaged in doing research to generate new
knowledge.
Wilhelm Roentgen detected the first invisible rays
or X-rays radiating from a metal in 1895.
It was found that it has a very short wavelength
which could be used to see microscopic objects.
Roentgen also discovered that the ray could pass
through the tissue of humans, but not bones and
metal objects. One of Roentgen's first experiments
late in 1895 was a film of the hand of his wife,
Bertha.
Investigators from various disciplines obtain
new knowledge or information through
research. a. Generating new
knowlege
Marie Curie, the most famous female
scientist in 19th century, discovered
polonium and radium. Also proved that
the atom was not the smallest particle
in the universe which open the door to
atomic age.
application of new knowledge also
contitutes new information. b. finding an application
for new knowledge
The discovery of the photoelectric effect
which has a great potential in physics. Thus,
many physicists researched on how the
photoelectric effect can be applied. Their
research led to the use of solar power in
generating electricity.
Alexander Fleming who discovered
penicilin in 1923. After several experiments
over the decades, it was confirmed that it
can destroy a wide variety of deadly
bacteria or germs.
Dorothy Hodgkin, who specialized in the
study of crystal and other complex b. finding an application
molecules, unlocked the hidden
structure of penicilin crystals. for new knowledge
She did the research using X-ray diffraction
which enable her ti see throught the
structure of penicilin molecule.
This led to the development of synthetic
penicilin which was a very important medical
and scientific.
information is often challenged after
some time by other researchers. c. verifying existing
investigators used more advanced tools to
verify findings and information. knowledge
past findings and scientific principles get
verified as researchers revisit and
reinvestigate them.
Aristotle, a famous greek mathematician and
philosopher, thought that heavy object fall
faster than light objects. This knowledge
persisted for nearly two millenia.
In 1596, Galileo Galilei, a young
mathematician, verified Aristotles view and
conducted an experiment using pendulums. c. verifying existing
by watching their movement while
swinging. knowledge
He found out that the pendulum bobs, no
matter how heavy or light they are, fell
at the same rate.
His result disproved the idea posited by
Aritotle.
It provides the researcher an opportunity to
be creative and to contribute novel ideas to d. developing the
the body of knowledge.
investigator
An investigator reviews concepts, learns
laboratory techniques, masters a
particular area of discipline, and
appreciates the work of a researcher.
the growth and development of the
researcher are the results of the long and
rigorous hours he or she spends in research
coupled by failures and frustration her or she
encounters during the process.
Johannes Kepler was a research assistant
of Tycho Braha, an astronomer. a. developing the
Kepler assisted Braha when the old
investigator
astronomer was collecting the data on
different astronomical bodies of the solar
system and the universe.
His experience with Braha led him to
discover the three laws of planetary
motion by using Braha’s voluminous
collection of data about planetary motion.
the application of basic knowledge is
Application of basic called “technology.”
knowledge
Example, electricity which became
a basic necessity in modernized
world.
Technology can also be harmful.
Example, denotating the atomic bomb
wiped out Nagasaki and Hiroshima in
Japan in 1945, which ended World
War II.
BASIC RESEARCH
Types of Research
a research done solely for the purpose
of coming up with new findings about
something that has already been
examine in order to have a fuller
understanding of a particular topic for
its own sake.
APPLIED RESEARCH
Types of Research
Is done to find an application of new or old
knowledge.
There are times that researchers just wants to
generate theoretical information as to how
new knowledge could be applied.
LET TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE
1. An engineer tests different materials to understand their mechanical properties and improve
the design of prosthetic limbs.
2. A linguist examines language acquisition in bilingual children to develop better language
teaching methods.
3. A psychologist conducts a study to understand the cognitive processes involved in decision-
making.
CLASSIFICATION OF
RESEARCH
Based on the condition or
process by which the
research is done.
Quantitative
Qualitative
These two types of research
are distinguisable in the form
of data presentation.
Quantitative research
Quantitative Research
Is concerned with numerical data
and satistical results.
It often involves surveys and
experiments, allowing researchers to
test hypotheses and generalize
findings across larger populations.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Is more concerned with a
narrative form or data
presentation.
It employs methods like
interviews and focus groups,
yielding rich, descriptive data
that provide insights into
participants' perspectives.
Mixed Methods Research
Mixed methods research
combines qualitative and
quantitative approaches. This
methodology provides a more
comprehensive understanding of
research questions by integrating
both numerical data and
personal experiences.
Ethical considerations are paramount in
research. Researchers must ensure
Ethics in Research informed consent, confidentiality, and
integrity throughout the inquiry process to
protect participants and maintain
credibility.
Data Collection Techniques
Effective data collection
techniques are vital for gathering
relevant information. Methods
include surveys, interviews,
observations, and
experiments, each chosen
based on the research aims
and methodologies.
Data Analysis Methods
Data analysis involves
interpreting collected data to
draw meaningful
conclusions. Techniques vary
by methodology, including
statistical analysis for
quantitative data and
thematic analysis for
qualitative data.
Interpreting Results
Interpreting research results
requires a critical understanding
of the data. Researchers must
evaluate findings in the context
of their original aims and
consider implications for future
research and practice.
Challenges in Research
Researchers often face
challenges such as bias, data
limitations, and resource
constraints. Identifying and
addressing these challenges is
essential for conducting robust
and reliable research.
The landscape of research methodologies
is continually evolving. Emerging Future of Research Methodologies
technologies and interdisciplinary
approaches are shaping new ways to
conduct inquiry, enhancing the depth and
breadth of research.
END OF LESSON ASSESSMENT
Answer the following briefly;
1. What is the nature of inquiry? How is it similar to the nature of research?
2. In what way is research recursive?
3. What are the aims of research?
4. What are the differences between basic and applied research?
5. How do you differentiate quantitative research from qualitative research?
Thanks!
Do you have any questions?
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