‭ ere are some clear and concise notes on the‬‭basics‬‭of Python programming‬‭, along with‬

H
‭examples‬‭to illustrate each concept.‬

‭🐍 Python Programming Basics‬

print()‬‭function is used to display output.‬

‭print("Hello, World!")‬

‭2. Variables and Data Types‬

‭Python is dynamically typed, meaning you don’t need to declare data types.‬

‭ ame = "Alice"
n # String‬
‭age = 25 # Integer‬
‭height = 5.6 # Float‬
‭is_student = True # Boolean‬

‭3. Comments‬

‭Used to explain code. Python ignores comments.‬

‭# This is a single-line comment‬

"‭ ""‬
‭This is a‬
‭multi-line comment‬
‭"""‬

‭4. Basic Input‬

input()‬‭is used to get user input.‬

‭5. Type Conversion‬

‭Convert between data types using built-in functions.‬

‭ ge = int(input("Enter your age: "))‬

‭6. Operators‬

+ - * / % // **‬
‭Arithmetic:‬‭
== != > < >= <=‬
‭Comparison:‬‭
and or not‬
‭Logical:‬‭

‭ = 10‬
x
‭y = 3‬
‭print(x + y) # 13‬
‭print(x ** y) # 1000 (10^3)‬

‭7. Control Flow‬

if‬‭Statements:‬
‭
‭ ge = 18‬
a
‭if age >= 18:‬
‭print("You are an adult.")‬
‭else:‬
‭print("You are a minor.")‬

elif‬
‭ ‭:‬
‭ core = 85‬
s
‭if score >= 90:‬
‭print("Grade A")‬
‭elif score >= 80:‬
‭print("Grade B")‬
‭else:‬
 ‭print("Grade C")‬

‭8. Loops‬

for‬‭Loop:‬
‭
‭for i in range(5):‬
‭print(i) # 0 to 4‬

while‬‭Loop:‬
‭
i‭ = 0‬
‭while i < 5:‬
‭print(i)‬
‭i += 1‬

‭9. Functions‬

def‬‭keyword.‬
‭Defined using the‬‭

‭def greet(name):‬
‭print("Hello", name)‬

‭greet("Alice")‬

‭10. Lists‬

‭Ordered, mutable collections.‬

f‭ruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]‬

‭11. Dictionaries‬

‭Key-value pairs.‬
‭person = {‬
‭"name": "Alice",‬
‭"age": 25‬
‭}‬
‭print(person["name"])‬

‭12. Tuples‬

‭Immutable sequences.‬

‭ oint = (3, 4)‬

‭13. Sets‬

‭Unordered collections with no duplicates.‬

‭ olors = {"red", "green", "blue"}‬

‭14. Exception Handling‬

‭Sure! Here's an additional note about‬‭appending to‬‭a list‬‭, to be added under the‬‭Lists‬‭section:‬

‭📌 Appending to a List‬

append()‬‭method.‬
‭You can add items to the end of a list using the‬‭

‭🔹 Syntax:‬

‭list_name.append(item)‬
‭🔹 Example:‬

‭fruits = ["apple", "banana"]‬

‭fruits.append("cherry")‬

‭print(fruits)‬

‭Output:‬

‭['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']‬

append()‬‭call adds one item to the‬‭end‬‭of the‬‭list. To add multiple items, use‬‭
‭Each‬‭ extend()‬
+=‬‭instead.‬
‭or‬‭

‭🔹 Example with‬‭
extend()‬
‭:‬

‭fruits.extend(["date", "elderberry"])‬

‭print(fruits)‬

‭Output:‬

‭['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'date', 'elderberry']‬

‭Here are detailed notes and a‬‭Python program example‬‭to help you understand how to:‬

✅
‭ Calculate the‬‭volume‬‭and‬‭surface area‬‭of a fish‬‭pond‬
✅
‭ Add or remove water based on user input‬
✅
‭ Keep track of the current water level‬

‭🐟 Python Program: Fish Pond Water Management‬

‭1. Define the Pond Dimensions‬

‭Assume a‬‭rectangular‬‭or‬‭cylindrical‬‭pond. Here, we’ll‬‭use a rectangular pond for simplicity.‬

‭length = 10 # in meters‬

‭width = 5 # in meters‬

‭depth = 2 # in meters‬

‭2. Calculate Volume and Area‬

‭volume = length * width * depth # in cubic meters‬

‭surface_area = length * width # top surface area in square meters‬

‭print("Pond volume:", volume, "m³")‬

‭print("Pond surface area:", surface_area, "m²")‬

‭3. Track Current Water Volume‬

‭current_water = 0 # starts empty‬

‭4. Functions to Add or Remove Water‬

‭def add_water(amount):‬

‭global current_water‬
 ‭if current_water + amount <= volume:‬

‭current_water += amount‬

‭print(f"{amount} m³ of water added.")‬

‭else:‬

‭print("Cannot add water: exceeds pond capacity.")‬

‭def remove_water(amount):‬

‭global current_water‬

‭if current_water - amount >= 0:‬

‭current_water -= amount‬

‭print(f"{amount} m³ of water removed.")‬

‭else:‬

‭print("Cannot remove water: not enough water.")‬

‭5. User Menu for Interaction‬

‭def menu():‬

‭while True:‬

‭print("\n--- Fish Pond Menu ---")‬

‭print("1. Add water")‬

‭print("2. Remove water")‬

‭print("3. Show current water level")‬

‭print("4. Exit")‬
 ‭choice = input("Choose an option (1-4): ")‬

‭if choice == '1':‬

‭amount = float(input("Enter amount of water to add (m³): "))‬

‭add_water(amount)‬

‭elif choice == '2':‬

‭amount = float(input("Enter amount of water to remove (m³): "))‬

‭remove_water(amount)‬

‭elif choice == '3':‬

‭print(f"Current water level: {current_water} m³")‬

‭elif choice == '4':‬

‭print("Exiting program.")‬

‭break‬

‭else:‬

‭print("Invalid option. Please choose again.")‬

‭6. Run the Program‬

‭if __name__ == "__main__":‬

‭print("Welcome to the Fish Pond Manager")‬

‭print(f"Pond capacity: {volume} m³")‬

‭menu()‬
‭📝 Notes:‬

‭●‬ ‭1 cubic meter (m³) = 1000 liters of water.‬

volume =‬
‭●‬ ‭You can modify dimensions or extend to other shapes (like cylindrical using‬‭
π × r² × h‬
‭ ‭).‬

‭●‬ G
‭ lobal variables are used here for simplicity; you can encapsulate in a class for better‬
‭structure.‬