EXERCISE
Direction: Read the problem carefully and answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
Cadbury 9 chocolate bar costs Php12.00 per piece. However, if you
buy more than 20 pieces, they will be marked down to a price of
Php10.00 per piece. Use a piecewise function to represent the cost in
terms of number of chocolate bars bought.
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
Directions: Read the problem carefully. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
Represent the given situation as a function in various forms.
1. A person is earning Php390.00 per day to do a certain job.
Express the total salary (S) as a function of the number of (n) days Quarter 1 Week 1 - A
(M11GM-Ia-1)
that the person works.
The learner represents real-life situations using
functions, including piece-wise functions.
2. A taxi ride costs P40.00 as plug down rate and each additional
meter (or a fraction thereof) adds Php4.00 to the fare. Use a function
Writer:
to represent the taxi fare in terms of distance d in meters.
JOHNLEX L. DIVINAGRACIA
Layout Artist:
Key in or click the link to learn more:
https://youtu.be/oeYUd5SFJys KRISHEA MAE P. JARUDA
EPS I - Mathematics
KIM S. ARCEÑA, EdD
GENERALIZATION EXAMPLE
A relation is any set of one or more ordered pairs. A relation can also The temperature of an object outside the refrigerator x is different from its
be a rule that relates the domain (set of all first coordinates of the temperature inside the refrigerator f(x). Suppose, the function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 +
ordered pair) and the range (set of all second coordinates of the ordered 3𝑥 − 4 represents the temperature, in degrees, of a certain object inside a
pair). refrigerator. Express the temperature of the object inside the refrigerator in
An ordered pair consists of two components,(x, y), where x and y are various forms for 𝑥 = −1, 0, 1
any real number.
SOLUTION
A function is a special type of relation where each element in the
domain is paired to the range only once by some rule. Also, all
Tabular Form
functions are relations, but not all relations are functions.
x -1 0 1
A function may be represented as:
1. Ordered Pair f(x) -6 -4 0
2. Table
3. Arrow/Mapping Diagram Ordered pair: { −1, −6 , 0, −4 , 1, 0 } Equation: f 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4
4. Equation or Formula; and Mapping: Graph:
5. Function as a Set of Ordered Pairs(𝒙, 𝒇 𝒙 )
6. Graphically
Function as a Set of Ordered Pairs(𝒙, 𝒇 𝒙 )
A function is a set ordered pair (x, y), where the x-value appears only
once in the set, otherwise the it is not a function. The set of all x −
values is called the domain. The set of all y − valuesis called the range. EXERCISE
Function described by a Table Directions: Read and understand. Write your solutions on a sheet of
All the points in the ordered pair can be tabulated using two rows; the paper.
independent variable and the dependent variable, to show their
relationship. Express 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3 for 𝑥 = −4, 0, 4 in various forms.
Function expressed in Arrow/Mapping Piecewise Function
In the tabular form, the possible values of x and y are arranged These are functions which are defined in different domains since they are
chronologically and lines are drawn from the independent variable to determined by several equations.
their corresponding dependent variable.
EXAMPLE
Function as an Equation or Formula A user is charged Php2,000.00 monthly for a mobile plan which includes an
The function can be expressed as 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), where the dependent ePhone 6s Plus, unlimited same network texts, 16 gb data allowance monthly
variable 𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑓(𝑥) is written on the left side and the independent variable and a 100 texts to other networks. Messages in excess of 100 are charged
x is written at the right side of the equation. Php1.00 each. Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using the
function t(m), where m is the number of messages sent in a month.
Functions described Graphically
Through inspection, the graph of a relation can easily be determined if it SOLUTION
is a function or not, it is with the use of Vertical Line Test. To do this, The cost of messaging can be expressed by the piecewise function:
simply draw a vertical line passing through the graph of the relation in as
many possible points of intersection. If the vertical line intersects the
graph at exactly one point, then the relation is a function. Otherwise, it is
a mere relation.
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write your solutions on a
sheet of paper.
1. Solve:
Given 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 12.
a. Solve for:
𝑓(3)
𝑓(7)
𝑓(𝑥 + 1)
𝑓(𝑥 2 − 1)
b. Is 𝑓(𝑥 + 1) the same as 𝑓(𝑥 − 2)?
Quarter 1 Week 1– B
2. ML computer shop charges Php30.00 per hour (or a fraction of (M11GM-Ia-2)
an hour) for the first two hours and additional of Php15.00 per
The learner evaluates a function.
hour for each succeeding hour. Find how much would you pay if
you used one of their computers for:
a. 45 minutes Writer:
b. 4 hours
JOHNLEX L. DIVINAGRACIA
Layout Artist:
c. 155 minutes
KRISHEA MAE P. JARUDA
EPS I - Mathematics
KIM S. ARCEÑA, EdD
Key in or click the link to learn more.
https://youtu.be/wvFeAVWHo_Q
GENERALIZATION EXERCISES 1
In the notation f(x), it is stressed that f is the name of the function
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write your answer on a
and f(x) is the value of f at x. If y is the value of f at x or y = f(x), sheet of paper.
x is called the independent variable since the any element of the Evaluate the following functions.
domain can replace it, and y is called the dependent variable 1. 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 3, when x = 3
because its value depend on the value of the independent variable 2. ℎ 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5, when x = -5
x. To evaluate functions, just replace all the values of x in the 3. 𝑖 𝑥 =
𝑥 2 −1
, when x = -0.6
𝑥−1
equation and simplify.
𝑥 3 −8
4. 𝑗 𝑥 = , when x = a + b
𝑥−2
EXAMPLES 5. 𝑘 𝑥 = 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2 + 2, when x = 𝑥 2
Let f(x) = 2x – 3. Find:
a. 𝑓(0) EXAMPLE
b. 𝑓 5
The velocity V (m/s) of a ball thrown upward after time t seconds is
c. 𝑓(−1)
given by V(t) = 20 – 9.8t. What is the velocity of the ball after 1
d. 𝑓(0.5)
second? after 2 seconds?
e. 𝑓(𝑚)
f. 𝑓(𝑥 − 1) SOLUTION
g. 𝑓 𝑥 2
𝑉 1 = 20 − 9.8 1 = 20 − 9.8 = 10.2
h. 𝑓(𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑉 2 = 20 − 9.8 2 = 20 − 19.6 = 0.4
SOLUTION After 1 second, the ball’s velocity is 10.2 m/s. After 2
seconds, its velocity is 0.4 m/s. It means as time passes by, the
a. To find f(0), replace the value x in 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 – 3 with 0. In velocity of the ball is constantly decreasing.
other words, simply substitute 0 for all x.
𝑓 0 = 2 0 − 3 = 0 – 3 = −3 EXERCISES 2
b. 𝑓 5 = 2 5 − 3 = 10 − 3 = 7
c. 𝑓 1 = 2 −1 − 3 = −2 − 3 = −5 Directions: Read the problem carefully. Write your answer on a
d. 𝑓 0.5 = 2 0.5 − 3 = 1 − 3 = −2 sheet of paper.
e. 𝑓 𝑚 = 2 𝑚 − 3 = 2𝑚 − 3
f. 𝑓 𝑥 − 1 = 2 𝑥 − 1 − 3 = 2𝑥 − 2 − 3 = 2𝑥 − 5 The profit made by a manufacturing company producing bags is given
g.𝑓 𝑥 2 = 2 𝑥 2 − 3 = 2𝑥 2 − 3 by the function f 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 250 , where 𝑥 is the number of bags sold.
h. 𝑓(𝑥 2 − 1) = 2(𝑥 2 − 1) − 3 = 2𝑥 2 − 2 − 3 = 2𝑥 2 − 5 How much is the profit of the company if they sold 300 pieces of
bags? How many bags are produced if they have a profit of
Php2,014.00?
EXERCISES
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write your
solutions on a sheet of paper.
Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 4𝑥 2 − 1.
Find:
a. 𝑓 + 𝑔 𝑥
𝑏. 𝑓 – 𝑔 𝑥
c. 𝑓 • 𝑔 𝑥
𝑑. (𝑓 / 𝑔) (𝑥)
e. 𝑓 ◦ 𝑔 𝑥
𝑓. 𝑔 ◦ 𝑓 𝑥
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write your
solutions on a sheet of paper.
Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 − 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 1.
Find:
Quarter 1 Week 1– C
a. 𝑓 + 𝑔 𝑥
(M11GM-Ia-3)
𝑏. (𝑓 − 𝑔) (𝑥)
The learner performs addition, subtraction,
c .(𝑓 • 𝑔) (𝑥)
multiplication, division and composition of functions.
d. (𝑓 / 𝑔) (𝑥)
e. 𝑓 ◦ 𝑔 𝑥 Writer:
𝑓. 𝑔 ◦ 𝑓 𝑥 JOHNLEX L. DIVINAGRACIA
Layout Artist:
KRISHEA MAE P. JARUDA
EPS I - Mathematics
KIM S. ARCEÑA, EdD
Key in or click the link to learn more.
https://youtu.be/3gaxVHVI4cI
GENERALIZATION
Product of Functions
Operation on Functions
If f and g are functions, their sum is defined as : Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥.
Find (𝑓 • 𝑔) (𝑥)
(𝑓 + 𝑔) (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) (𝑓 • 𝑔) (𝑥) = (2𝑥 2 + 3) • (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥) Multiply
If f and g are functions, their difference is defined as : = 2𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 Simplify if possible.
(𝑓 − 𝑔) (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥) Quotient of Functions
If f and g are functions, their product is defined as :
Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥 2 − 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1.
(𝑓 • 𝑔) (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) • 𝑔(𝑥) Find (f / g) (x).
If f and g are functions, their quotient is defined as : 4𝑥 2 −1
(𝑓 / 𝑔) (𝑥) =
2𝑥 2 +3𝑥+1
(𝑓 / 𝑔) (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) / 𝑔(𝑥)
(2𝑥−1)(2𝑥+1)
If f and g are functions, the composite function is defined as : = Express in factored form if possible
(2𝑥+1)(𝑥+1)
(𝑓 ◦ 𝑔) (𝑥) = 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] 2𝑥+1
= Simplify
𝑥+1
EXAMPLES
Function Composition. The symbol 𝑓 ◦ 𝑔 is read as “f circle g” or “f of
Sum of Functions g”.It means that in computing (f ◦ g) (x), first, apply the function f to x
and then the function f to g(x).
Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 − 2.
Find (𝑓 + 𝑔) (𝑥).
Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 1.
(𝑓 + 𝑔) (𝑥)= (3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5) + (2𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 − 2) Find(𝑓 ◦ 𝑔) (𝑥) and (𝑔 ◦ 𝑓) (𝑥).
= 2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + −4𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 5 − 2 Combine like terms
= 2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3 Simplify. (𝑓 ◦ 𝑔) (𝑥) = 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)]
= 4(𝑥 + 1)2 −5 𝑥 + 1 Replace all x’s in f(x) with x+1
Difference of Functions = 4 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 − 5(𝑥 + 1) Expand the binomial
= 4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 − (5𝑥 + 5) Multiply
Let 𝑓 𝑥 = 6𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 2. =4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 5𝑥 + (4 − 5) Combine like terms
Find (𝑓 − 𝑔) (𝑥). = 4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1 Simplify
(𝑓 − 𝑔) (𝑥)= (6𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 3) − (2𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 2)
Note: Change the sign (additive inverse) of all terms 𝑔 ◦ 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑔[𝑓 𝑥 ]
of the subtrahend. = (4𝑥 2 −5𝑥) + 1 Replace all x’s in g(x) with 4𝑥 2 − 5𝑥
= (6𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 2 ) + (−14𝑥 − 6𝑥) + (3 + 2) Combine like terms = 4𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 1 Simplify
= 4𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 5 Simplify.
Note: (𝒇 ◦ 𝒈) (𝒙) and (𝒈 ◦ 𝒇) (𝒙)are two different things, but
some cases may happen that they are just equal.
EXERCISE
Directions: Read and understand carefully. Write your solution on
a sheet of paper.
The fastest Mayon Volcano lava flow moved at an average
speed of 6 miles per hour. The function 𝑓 𝑥 = 6𝑥 describes the
distance 𝑓(𝑥) the lava moved on average in x hours. Use the graph
to estimate how many miles the lava moved after 5.5 hours. How
many hours will the nearest town be reached by the lava flow when
it is 10 miles away from the volcano?
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
Directions: Read and understand each item carefully. Write your
solutions on a sheet of paper.
Solve: Quarter 1 Week 1– D
(M11GM-Ia-4)
1. Light travels about 186, 000 miles per second. The rule
𝑑 = 186, 000𝑡 describes the relationship between the distance
The learner solves problems involving functions.
𝑑 in miles and time 𝑡in seconds.
a. How far does light travel in 20 seconds?
b. How far does light travel in 1 minute?
Writer:
2. The floor in the Pacific Ocean is spreading at an average rate of
1 inch per year. The function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 describes the number of JOHNLEX L. DIVINAGRACIA
inches 𝑦 the ocean floor spreads in 𝑥 years. Use the graph to Layout Artist:
estimate the number of inches the ocean floor will spread in KRISHEA MAE P. JARUDA
10.5 years. In what year will the ocean floor spread for about 20
inches?
EPS I - Mathematics
KIM S. ARCEÑA, EdD
Key in or click the link to learn more.
https://youtu.be/Uz-5B5xxqeU
GENERALIZATION
Step 3: Solve
Choose several nonnegative values of x to find f(x). Then graph the
Problem Solving involving Functions ordered pairs.
x 𝑓 𝑥 = 2.5𝑥 Ordered Pair
There are several ways on how to solve problems involving
0 𝑓 𝑥 = 2.5 0 = 0 (0,0)
functions. One way to solve is by using these steps:
1 𝑓 𝑥 = 2.5 1 = 2.5 (1, 2.5)
1. Understand the problem
2 𝑓 𝑥 = 2.5 2 = 5 (2, 5)
2. Make a Plan
3. Solve the problem 3 𝑓 𝑥 = 2.5(3) = 7.5 (3, 7.5)
4. Look back. 3.5 𝑓 𝑥 = 2.5 3.5 (3.5, 8.75)
= 8.75
4 𝑓 𝑥 = 2.5 4 = 10 (4, 10)
EXAMPLE
The function 𝑓 𝑥 = 2.5𝑥 describes how many millimetres sea
level 𝑓 𝑥 rises in x years. Use the graph to estimate how many Draw the line through the points to show the ordered pairs satisfy
millimetres sea level will rise after 3.5 years. a function.
SOLUTION
Step 1: Understand the Problem
The answer is a graph that can be used to find the value of
𝑓 𝑥 = 2.5𝑥 when x is 3.5
List the important information:
The function 𝑓 𝑥 = 2.5𝑥 describes how many millimetres sea
level rises.
Use the graph to estimate the Rise in sea level when the time in
Step 2: Make a Plan year is 3.5. sea level will rise about 8.75 mm in 3.5 years.
Think: What values should I use to graph the function? Both, the
Step 4: Look Back
number of years and sea level has risen and the distance sea level
rises, cannot be a negative. Use only nonnegative values for both
As the number of years increases, sea level also increases, so
the domain and range. The function will be graphed in Quadrant I.
the graph is reasonable. When x is between 3 and 4, f(x) is between
7.5 and 10.since 3.5 is between 3 and 4, it is reasonable to estimate
f(x) to be 8.75 when x is 3.5.
