Representation of Functions
General Mathematics
Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students must be
able to:
• define functions and related terms;
• determine if the given relation represents a
function;
• define piece-wise function; and
• represents real-life situations using functions,
including piece-wise functions.
Brain Test!
Given the following models, identify the kind of
function being shown on each item by choosing
from the list in the box.
Linear function Quadratic function
Polynomial Function Piecewise Function
One-to-One Many-to-One
1) f(x) = 7x
2) g(x) = x2
3) h(x) = x3 + 2x2 – x +1
4) {(1,2), (2,4), (3,9)}
5) Facebook
Social
Instagram
Media
Twitter
Activity: Evaluate the following functions.
1) f(x) = 3x; if x = 4
2)f(x) = 7 + x if x = -4
3) f(x) = x/2, if x = 0
4) f(x) = 2x – 8, if x = -3
3
5)f(x) = x - 3, if x = 12
Assignment: Evaluate the following functions.
1) h(x) = x3 – x2 +x – 2, if x = 0
2) g(x) = (x + 4) (x – 1), if x = -2
3) f(x) = 1/x, if x = 3
4) h(x) = 4x – 2, if x = 1
5) f(x) = 5(x+2), if x = 4
Relation
A relation is a set of ordered pairs. The domain
of a relation is the set of first coordinates. The
range is the set of second coordinates.
Example of Relations
1. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
2. {(4, 2), (4, -2), (9, 3), (9,3)}
3. {(1, a), (1, b), (1, c), (1,d)}
Functions
A function is a relation in which each element of
the domain corresponds to exactly one element
of the range.
Examples of Functions
1. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
2. {(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5,1)}
Example 1
Determine if the following relations represent a
function.
1. {(q, 0), (w, 1), (e, 2), (t, 3)}
2. {(-1, -2), (0, -2), (1, -2), (2, -2)}
3. {(1, 0), (1,1), (1, 2), (1, -2)}
4. {(x, 3), (y, 4), (z, 3), (w, 4)}
Some Types of Functions
Linear Function
A function f is a linear function if f(x) = mx + b,
where m and b are real numbers, and m and f(x)
are not both equal to zero.
Quadratic Function
A quadratic function is any equation of the form
f(x) = ax2+ bx + c where a, b, and c are real
numbers and a ≠ 0.
Some Types of Functions
Constant Function
A linear function f is a constant function if
f(x) = mx + b, where m = 0 and b is any real
number. Thus, f(x) = b.
Identity Function
A linear function f is an identity function if f(x) =
mx + b, where m = 1 and b = 0. Thus, f(x) = x.
Some Types of Functions
Absolute Value Function
The function f is an absolute value function if for all
real numbers x,
f(x) = x, for x ≥ 0
–x, for x ≤ 0
Piecewise Function
A piecewise function or a compound function is a
function defined by multiple sub-functions, where
each sub-function applies to a certain interval of the
main function's domain.
Example 2
To sell more T-shirts, the class needs to charge a
lower price as indicated in the following table:
The price for which you can sell x printed T-shirts
is called the price function p(x). p(x) represents
each data point in the table.
Solution to Example 2
Step 1:
Find the slope m of the line using the slope formula m = y2 – y1 / x2 – x1
Step 2:
Write the linear equation with two variables by substituting the values of m
and (x1, y1) to the formula y – y1 = m(x – x1)—the point-slope form of a linear
equation.
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 540 = −0.2 (x − 500)
y – 540 = −0.2x + 100
y = − 0.2x + 640
y = 640 – 0.2x
Thus, the price function is p(x) = 640 – 0.2x.
Example 3
Find the dimensions of the largest rectangular
garden that can be enclosed by 60 m of fencing.
Solution to Example 3
Let x and y denote the lengths of the sides of the garden. Then
the area A = xy must be given its maximum value.
Express A in terms of a single variable, either x or y. The total
perimeter is 60 meters.
2x + 2y = 60
x + y = 30
y = 30 – x
Hence,
A = xy
A = x(30 – x)
A= 30x – x2
Example 4
Sketch the graph of the given piecewise
function. What is f(– 4)? What is f(2)?
f(x) = x + 2, if x≥0
–x2+ 2, if x<
0
Solution to Example 4
To find the value of the function when x = – 4,
use the second equation.
f(– 4) = – (– 4)2+ 2 = – 16 + 2 = – 14
To find the value of the function when x = 2, use
the first equation.
f(2) = 2 + 2 = 4
Independent Practice 1
1. A person is earning ₱750.00 per day to do a
certain job. Express the total salary S as a
function of the number n of days that the
person works.
Answer:
S(n) = ____750n_____
Independent Practice 1
1. 2. Xandria rides through a jeepney which
charges ₱ 8.00 for the first 4 kilometers and
additional ₱0.50 for each additional
kilometer. Express the jeepney fare (F) as
function of the number of kilometers (d)
that Xandria pays for the ride.
Answer:
F(d) = __8d+0.50________
Exercise A
Determine whether or not each relation is a function.
Give the domain and range of each relation.
1. {(2, 3), (4, 5), (6, 6)}
Anwer: Function
Domain: 2, 4
Range: 3, 5
2. {(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3)}
3. {(6, 7), (6, 8), (7, 7), (7, 8)}
Exercise B
Tell whether the function described in each of
the following is a linear function, a constant
function, an identity function, an absolute value
function, ora piecewise function.
1. f(x) = 3x − 7
2. g(x) = 12
3. f(x) = 3, if x > −5
-6, if x < −5
Exercise C
A zumba instructor charges according to the number
of participants. If there are 15 participants or below,
the instructor charges ₱500.00 for each participant
per month. If the number of participants is between
15 and 30, he charges ₱400.00 for each participant
per month. If there are 30 participants or more, he
charges ₱350.00 for each participant per month.
1. Write the piecewise function that describes what
the instructor charges.