• 8.
1 FUNCTIONS
(a) Arrow Diagram
Set P Set Q
f : times 2
1 2
2 4 𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦
3 6
4 8 Set P Set Q
2𝑥𝑥 2𝑥𝑥
2𝑥𝑥 2𝑥𝑥
1.1 FUNCTIONS
How to determine whether a graph of a relation is a function or not
We can use vertical line test
Try these
Function Function Not function
1.1 FUNCTIONS EXPLAINING FUNCTION BY
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION AND
𝑥𝑥 NOTATION
Graph of 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 =
𝑥𝑥−1
1.1 FUNCTIONS EXPLAINING FUNCTION BY
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION AND
NOTATION
Graph of 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥
EXAMPLE 1
Sketch the graph of 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 4 for all the
real values of x.
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 4 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 4
4
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
O 2 O 2
-4
1.1 FUNCTIONS
DITERMINING THE DOMAIN, CODOMAIN AND RANGE OF A FUNCTION
Domain – the set of possible values of x which defines a function.
Range – the set of values of y that are obtaines by substituting all
the possible values of x.
DITERMINING THE DOMAIN, CODOMAIN AND RANGE OF
A FUNCTION
DITERMINING THE DOMAIN, CODOMAIN AND RANGE OF A FUNCTION
f(x)
1.1 4
FUNCTIONS 2
x
-2 0 2 4
1.1 FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 2
SOLUTION
𝑓𝑓(4)
-
1.1 FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 3
SOLUTION
5
1.1 FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 4
SOLUTION
1.1 FUNCTIONS
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
EXAMPLE 5 The diagram shows the graph of the function 𝑓𝑓 ∶ 𝑥𝑥 → 8 − 2𝑥𝑥
for the domain ℎ ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 15. Given 𝑓𝑓 15 = 𝑘𝑘 . k
𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 8 − 2𝑥𝑥
(a) Find the value of h and of k.
(h,12)
(b) Find the value of x when f(x) = 0.
(c) State the domain of 0 ≤ 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) ≤ 12.
𝑥𝑥
O 15
SOLUTION
1.1 FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 6 Diagram shows the function
𝑓𝑓: 𝑥𝑥 → 𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑚, where m is a
constant.
Find the value of m.
SOLUTION
EXAMPLE 7
1.1 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
1.1 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 8 respectively. Find
SOLUTION
1.1 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 8
SOLUTION
1.1 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
1
It is given that 𝑔𝑔 ∶ 𝑥𝑥 → , 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 0.
EXAMPLE 9 𝑥𝑥
(a) Find
(i) 𝑔𝑔2 , (ii) 𝑔𝑔3 , (iii) 𝑔𝑔4 .
(b) Hence, deduce 𝑔𝑔19.
(a)(ii) 𝑔𝑔3 𝑥𝑥
= 𝑔𝑔 𝑔𝑔2 𝑥𝑥
= 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥
1
(a)(i) 𝑔𝑔2 𝑥𝑥
SOLUTION = 𝑔𝑔 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥
= 𝑋𝑋
1
b 𝑔𝑔19 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑔𝑔 𝑔𝑔18 𝑥𝑥
= 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥
1
𝑔𝑔3 𝑥𝑥 = 1
𝑥𝑥
= 𝑔𝑔 =
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
1
= 1 (a) (iii) 𝑔𝑔4 𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑔𝑔 𝑔𝑔3 𝑥𝑥
= 𝑥𝑥 1
= 𝑔𝑔
𝑥𝑥
1
𝑔𝑔2 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 = 1
𝑥𝑥
= 𝑥𝑥
𝑔𝑔4 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥
1.1 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 10
SOLUTION
1.1 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 11
1.1 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 11
SOLUTION
EXAMPLE 11 1.1 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
13
1.1 COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE 12
−
1.3 INVERSE FUNCTION
If 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 then 𝑓𝑓 −1 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥
1.3 INVERSE FUNCTION
1.3 INVERSE FUNCTION
EXAMPLE 13 1.3 INVERSE FUNCTION
Given the function 𝑓𝑓: 𝑥𝑥 → 5𝑥𝑥 − 7,
find 𝑓𝑓 −1 𝑥𝑥 .
(a) 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 5𝑥𝑥 − 7 Then, 𝑓𝑓 −1 𝑦𝑦 =
1
𝑦𝑦 + 7
5
Let 𝑦𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑥 − 7 1
1 Thus, 𝑓𝑓 −1 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 + 7 Substitute y with x
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 + 7 5
5
Make x be the subject
If 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 then 𝑓𝑓 −1 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥
1.3 INVERSE FUNCTION
EXAMPLE 14
gf
State (a) f
(a) the function that maps x to y,
(b) y
(b) g −1 (z)
1.3 INVERSE FUNCTION
EXAMPLE 15
• Given 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 1, find 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 −1 (x).
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 −1 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑓𝑓[𝑓𝑓 −1 𝑥𝑥 ]
𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝑥𝑥−1
= 𝑓𝑓
2
Let 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 1
𝑥𝑥−1
2𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 − 1 =2 +1
2
𝑦𝑦−1 = 𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 =
2
𝑥𝑥 − 1
𝑓𝑓 −1 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 −1 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥
2
1.3 INVERSE FUNCTION
EXAMPLE 16
𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑔𝑔−1
𝑥𝑥
𝑔𝑔−1 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 − 1
1.3 INVERSE FUNCTION
EXAMPLE 17
The diagram shows the function 𝑓𝑓
maps set 𝐴𝐴 to set 𝐵𝐵 and the function
𝑔𝑔 maps set 𝐵𝐵 to set 𝐶𝐶
Find
(a)(ii) 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = 12𝑥𝑥 + 5
(a)In terms of x, the function a)(i) 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 3𝑥𝑥 + 2 Guna 𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥) dari (a)(i)
(i) which maps set B to set A,
Let 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 + 2
(ii) g(x). 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑥𝑥)
3𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 − 2
𝑦𝑦−2 𝑥𝑥−2
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = 12 +5
3 3
𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = 4 𝑥𝑥 − 2 + 5
𝑥𝑥−2
𝑓𝑓 −1 𝑥𝑥 =
3 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = 4𝑥𝑥 − 3
1.3 INVERSE FUNCTION
EXAMPLE 17
The diagram shows the function 𝑓𝑓
maps set 𝐴𝐴 to set 𝐵𝐵 and the function
𝑔𝑔 maps set 𝐵𝐵 to set 𝐶𝐶
Find
(b) The value of x such that
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 8𝑥𝑥 + 1.
3
12𝑥𝑥 − 7
EXAMPLE 18 1.3 INVERSE FUNCTION
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎−𝑏𝑏
Given that the function 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = , 𝑥𝑥 ≠ −4 and its inverse function,
𝑥𝑥+4
−4𝑥𝑥−3
𝑓𝑓 −1 𝑥𝑥 = , 𝑥𝑥 ≠ 2.
𝑥𝑥−2
(a) Find the values of a and of b.
(b) Hence, if 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 3𝑥𝑥, find the values of x.
−4𝑥𝑥 − 3 (b)
(a) 𝑓𝑓 −1 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 3𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 − 2
Let 𝑦𝑦 =
−4𝑥𝑥−3
2𝑥𝑥 − 3 2𝑥𝑥 − 3
𝑥𝑥−2 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = = 3𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 + 4 𝑥𝑥 + 4
𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 − 2 = −4𝑥𝑥 − 3
2𝑥𝑥 − 3 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 − 𝑏𝑏 2𝑥𝑥 − 3 = 3𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 + 4)
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 = −4𝑥𝑥 −3 =
𝑥𝑥 + 4 𝑥𝑥 + 4 2𝑥𝑥 − 3 = 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 12𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑦𝑦 − 3
3𝑥𝑥 2 + 10𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 0
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 + 4 = 2𝑦𝑦 − 3 𝑎𝑎 = 2 𝑏𝑏 = 3 3𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 0
2𝑦𝑦 − 3 1
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 = − , 𝑥𝑥 = −3
𝑦𝑦 + 4 3
1.3 INVERSE FUNCTION
EXAMPLE 19
The diagram represents the mapping of y
5
5 1 𝑎𝑎 𝑔𝑔 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
onto x by 𝑔𝑔 𝑦𝑦 = , 𝑦𝑦 ≠ and the 1 − 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
1−𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑏𝑏
𝑔𝑔 1 = −5 𝑓𝑓 1 = 5
mapping of y onto z by the function
5
𝑓𝑓 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏. −5 = 5 = 𝑎𝑎 1 + 𝑏𝑏
1 − 𝑏𝑏 1
(a) Find the value of a and of b. −5 1 − 𝑏𝑏 = 5 5 = 𝑎𝑎 + 2
5𝑏𝑏 = 10 𝑎𝑎 = 3
x y z 𝑏𝑏 = 2
g 1 f
-5 5
1.3 INVERSE FUNCTION
EXAMPLE 19
5
The diagram represents the mapping of y 𝑔𝑔 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑓𝑓 𝑧𝑧 = 3𝑧𝑧 + 2
1−2𝑧𝑧
5 1 Let w = 3𝑧𝑧 + 2
onto x by 𝑔𝑔 𝑦𝑦 = , 𝑦𝑦 ≠ and the
1−𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑏𝑏
3𝑧𝑧 = 𝑤𝑤 − 2
mapping of y onto z by the function 𝑤𝑤 − 2
𝑧𝑧 =
𝑓𝑓 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏. 3
(b) Show the function which maps z onto x −1
𝑧𝑧 − 2
𝑓𝑓 𝑧𝑧 =
15 7 3
is , z≠ .
7−2𝑧𝑧 2 5
𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 −1 𝑧𝑧 =
𝑧𝑧 − 2
1−2
x y z 3
𝑓𝑓 −1
5
g 𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 −1 (𝑧𝑧) =
1 f 7 − 2𝑧𝑧
-5 3
5
15 7
𝑔𝑔𝑓𝑓 −1 (z) = , 𝑧𝑧 ≠
7−2𝑧𝑧 2
𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 −1
FUNCTIONS
