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? Day-1 - Python Basics - MIT-Level Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on Python basics, covering variables, data types, input/output, operators, control structures, loops, functions, lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries. Each section includes examples and explanations of key concepts and functionalities in Python. It serves as a foundational guide for beginners to understand and use Python programming effectively.

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11 views5 pages

? Day-1 - Python Basics - MIT-Level Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on Python basics, covering variables, data types, input/output, operators, control structures, loops, functions, lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries. Each section includes examples and explanations of key concepts and functionalities in Python. It serves as a foundational guide for beginners to understand and use Python programming effectively.

Uploaded by

dhrubasaha7890
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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🧠 Day-1: Python Basics — MIT-Level Notes

🔢 1. Variables & Data Types


✅ What is a Variable?
A variable is a name that refers to a value. In Python, you don’t need to
declare the data type explicitly.
x=5 # int
pi = 3.14 # float
name = "Dhruv" # str
is_cool = True # bool

✅ Check the Data Type:


print(type(x)) # <class 'int'>
print(type(name)) # <class 'str'>

🧾 2. Input & Output


✅ Getting Input:
user_input = input("Enter your name: ")

✅ Printing Output:
print("Hello", "World", sep="--", end="!\n")
✅ Format Output:
age = 20
print(f"{name} is {age} years old.") # f-string

➕ 3. Operators
✅ Arithmetic Operators:
a, b = 10, 3
print(a + b) # 13
print(a - b) # 7
print(a * b) # 30
print(a / b) # 3.333...
print(a // b) # 3 (floor division)
print(a % b) # 1 (modulo)
print(a ** b) # 1000 (exponent)

✅ Comparison Operators:
print(a == b) # False
print(a != b) # True
print(a < b) # False

✅ Logical Operators:
x=5
print(x > 2 and x < 10) # True
print(x < 2 or x > 1) # True
print(not(x > 1)) # False

🔁 4. Control Structures (if, elif, else)


x = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if x > 0:
print("Positive")
elif x == 0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Negative")

🔂 5. Loops
✅ For Loop:
for i in range(5):
print(i) # 0 to 4

# Nested pattern
for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
print("*", end="")
print()

✅ While Loop:
count = 0
while count < 5:
print(count)
count += 1

🔧 6. Functions
def greet(name):
"""This function greets the user."""
return f"Hello, {name}!"

print(greet("Dhruv"))

●​ def: defines a function​

●​ return: sends result back​

●​ """Docstring""": describes what the function does​

📚 7. Lists
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(fruits[0]) # apple
print(fruits[-1]) # cherry
print(fruits[0:2]) # ['apple', 'banana']

fruits.append("orange") # add
fruits.insert(1, "grape")# insert at index
fruits.pop() # remove last
fruits.remove("banana") # remove specific
fruits.sort()
fruits.clear()
print(fruits[::-1]) # reverse

📦 8. Tuples
t = (1, 2, 3)
print(t[0]) #1
t_list = list(t) # convert to list
t_list.sort()
t = tuple(t_list)

●​ Immutable (can't modify)​

●​ Indexing/slicing supported​

🔥 9. Sets
s = {1, 2, 3, 1}
print(s) # {1, 2, 3}
s.add(4)
s.discard(2)
print(3 in s) # membership

●​ No duplicates​

●​ Unordered​

🧠 10. Dictionaries
person = {"name": "Dhruv", "age": 21}
print(person["name"]) # Access
person["age"] = 22 # Update
person["city"] = "Delhi" # Add
del person["city"] # Delete

print(person.keys())
print(person.values())
print(person.items())

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