GRAMMAR
LESSON 101
Consistency
Run-on Sentences
Misplaced and
Dangling Modifiers
Parallelism 12ABM-8
SSP004
AAM
CONSISTENCY
the sentence unity or oneness.
expresses one main idea
in grammar: the same tense,
voice, number and subject
in thought: the same topic
Write C before the number of the tenses of the
following sentences are correctly used. Rewrite
the sentences that violate tense unity.
Meryll was late to
her 7:30 class
because the traffic is
heavy.
Meryll was late to
her 7:30 class was
because the traffic is
heavy.
1. Everybody prepared to leave as soon as the
bells ring (rung).
2. Jose Rizal believed that there exists a Filipino
nation. (C)
3. The tourist learned from his guide that
Hundred Islands was (is) in Pangasinan.
4. The people of our town agreed that fiestas can
be put to good use. (C)
5. The laborers who did not join the worker’s
union are independent-minded. (C)
CONSISTENCY OF TIME (TENSE)
• The verb in an adverbial clause generally
agrees with the tense of the verb in the main
clause.
Micah studies her French lesson
while she looks after her younger sister.
CONSISTENCY OF TIME (TENSE)
• The verb remains in present tense if the idea
expressed in the noun clause is a universal
truth or relatively permanent condition.
The map indicated
that the Philippines lies in the Torrid zone.
1. A citizen can vote as soon as he had (has) reached
the age of eighteen.
2. The man who built the Eiffel Tower in France was
(not a truth, but an opinion) a good Engineer. (C)
3. Doctors say that one cause of heart failure is the
pressure of modern living on the individual. (C)
4. Rachel used to be present at every meeting; but
this week, she has (had) been absent several times.
5. I walked into the room and find (found) one there.
6. He exercises in the health spa before he left
(leaves) for work.
1. Everybody rehearsed his part in the play.
(C)
2. One must consult a doctor if they
(he/she) are sick.
3. Children want his (their) parents to love
them.
4. When opportunity knocks, one must be
ready for them. (it)
5. The school gives young women training
to make ladies out of them. (C)
CONSISTENCY OF NUMBER AND PERSON
• Be sure that the pronoun agrees in number
and person with its antecedent.
When opportunity knocks, one must
be ready for it.
Everybody rehearsed his part in the
play.
1. All of the boys presented their credentials.
2. Everyone brings their (his/her) book to
class.
3. Each one waited for their (his/her) turn to
speak.
4. Provinces are classified according to its
(their) average income for the last five
years.
5. No one is willing to give up their (his/her)
dream just for a girl.
CONSISTENCY OF SUBJECT
the subject on the first clause should also be
the subject on the second clause.
Jamie was born in Hawaii but the Philippines is
the place where she grew up.
Jamie was born in Hawaii but she grew up in the
Philippines.
The hikers carried on, and soon
the camp site was in view.
The hikers carried on, and
they soon saw the camp site.
CONSISTENCY OF TIME (TENSE)
• The verb in an adverbial clause generally
agrees with the tense of the verb in the main
clause.
• The verb remains in present tense if the idea
expressed in the noun clause is a universal
truth or relatively permanent condition.
CONSISTENCY OF NUMBER AND
PERSON
• Be sure that the pronoun agrees in number
and person with its antecedent.
CONSISTENCY OF SUBJECT
• the subject on the first clause should also be
the subject on the second clause.
GRAMMAR
LESSON 101
Consistency
Run-on Sentences
Misplaced and
Dangling Modifiers
Parallelism
RUN-ON SENTENCES
a sentence error also known as run-ons
two or more complete sentences that are
capitalized and punctuated as if they are one.
PRE-TEST
USING PUNCTUATION/CAPITALIZATION
Will summer ever come we doubt it very much
Edit slumped into a chair, the worst had
happened.
USING CONJUNCTION
Storm clouds gathered lightning lit up the sky.
They may have stopped to eat, they may be lost.
USING
PUNCTUATION/CAPITALIZATION
Will summer ever come we doubt it very
much
Edit slumped into a chair, the worst had
happened.
Will summer ever come? We doubt it very
much.
Edit slumped into a chair. The worst had
happened.
USING CONJUNCTION
Storm clouds gathered lightning lit up the sky.
They may have stopped to eat, they may be lost.
Storm clouds gathered, and lightning lit up the
sky.
They may have stopped to eat, or they may be
lost.
RUN-ON TIPS
use punctuation, conjunctions, or other means
to join or separate the parts of run-on sentences.
avoid run-ons by re-reading your sentence aloud
if necessary.
listen for natural stops that indicate where your
sentences end.
remove the second phrase/clause if necessary
and join it properly to first phrase/clause.
Pre-test
COMPLEX TO SIMPLE SENTENCE
Jenny sometimes comes over to
visit us, her little brother comes
too.
Jenny and her little brother
sometimes comes over to visit us.
Pre-test
Leaping from the behind chair, the kitten
battled the yarn, then she dashed across
the rug.
Leaping from the behind chair, the kitten
battled the yarn and then she dashed
across the rug.
Pre-test
The restaurant was well known for its
pastry, sauces and pates, it was a small
French café.
The restaurant, a small French café,
was well known for its pastry, sauces and
pates.
Pre-test
The parade may be cancelled, it may rain
all afternoon.
The parade may be cancelled if it may
rain all afternoon.
Post-Test
Use an end mark, a comma and a conjunction to correct
the following run-ons.
1. I had been absent only three weeks;
nevertheless, I missed some important work.
2. They bought an old mill; eventually, they were
able to make it into a unique and beautiful
home.
3. Rozen dropped out of school in her junior years,
yet/ but she received a diploma year later.
4. Day turned into years, but/and the years
seemed endless.
5. Will he leave his job and its security to try his
luck at farming? It seems unlikely.
GRAMMAR
LESSON 101
Consistency
Run-on Sentences
Misplaced and
Dangling Modifiers
Parallelism
Pre-Test for Misplaced Modifier
1. The lake with gentle waves attracted many
birds.
2. The boys stared at the flamingo balanced on
one leg.
3. He ran with arms full of boxes to the car.
4. Leo sold his bicycle with four speeds to a
friend.
5. Brandishing a net in his upraise hand, the
zoo keeper captured the escaped iguana.
6. The boys quickly ran from the haunted
house.
Misplaced modifier: A modifier
should be placed as close as
possible to the word it modifies, if
not, it is in improper place.
Growing wild in the
forest, we picked the
tiny blossoms.
Who/which is “growing wild in the
forest”?
A. We
B. Blossoms
We picked the tiny
blossoms growing
wild in the forest.
