Electronic
Media
Module 3
Topics to be covered
Common Production Formats
01 What is broadcasting? 04
Production Process in brief
02 Brief history of Radio & 05
Television in Pakistan
Radio and Television
03 Programming
06 Interviews
Assessments
Quiz
01
10 marks
Subject to change
according to the
progress of the class
Graded Activities
02
01
What is
Broadcasting?
Have you ever
broadcast a message
on whatsapp?
Why do you do that?
?
5
Understanding Broadcasting
One-to-many model Modes History
Broadcasting is the Broadcast methods Broadcasting came
distribution of audio include radio (via air, into popular use
or video content to a cable, and Internet) around 1920, with AM
dispersed audience via and television (via air, radio. Earlier, all forms
any electronic mass cable, and Internet). of electronic
communication Such media disperse communication were
medium, in a one-to- pictures (static and one-to-one, with the
many model. moving), visual text message intended for
and sounds. a single recipient.
6
In two or three columns
Public & Private media Information & Entertainment
Traditionally, Education Broadcast media is
broadcast media was Broadcast media also recreational and
only funded by the provides valuable includes
government (public information that can entertainment
media). Now, inform and educate programs, reality
broadcast media can and includes public television, situation
also be service and sketch comedies,
private/commercial announcements, movies, sports and
and includes news, weather advertising.
advertising. forecasts, interviews,
and documentaries. 7
▪ The term “broadcasting” is usually associated with the traditional forms
of media that include television and radio. Technically, ‘broadcast
media’ can include the internet as well and even such things as cable
television and location-based transmissions. But mainly, this term is
used to refer to transmission through radio and television
▪ The receivers may include the general public or a relatively small
subset; the point is that anyone with the appropriate receiving
technology and equipment (e.g., a radio or television set) can receive
the signal
02
Radio in Pakistan
Brief history, Programming, Terminologies
• Radio shows could be either live or
recorded
• News bulletins
• Current affairs (Penal discussions, debates)
• Drama
• Features
• Report
• Documentaries
Production Formats • Interviews
• Game shows (Dost Kya Khel Hai with Dino
on FM 91)
• Station ID (also called signature tune)
• Advertisements
• Music-based commercials or promos are
called jingles
• Almost 95% of the FM programming in
Pakistan consists of such shows
• These are mostly music shows
• These are mostly live
• RJ sitting at the studio invites phone calls
Phone-in/Call-in from the listeners
• The name of these shows usually hint at
Shows the timeslot when they go on air. For
example: Morning Drive/ Breakfast shows
are the ones that go on-air between 6-10
a.m. which is Radio's most listened-to day
part (e.g. Morning Jam with Khalid Malik)
• Talent: Radio performer; announcer, RJ, newscaster.
• Syndication: Programs sent to a network of users.
For example Private FM channels can use syndicated
news by Radio Pakistan.
• Cue: Signal for the start of action; prepare for airing.
• VO: Voice-over/Talk over sound
• Playlist: Roster of music for airing
• Copy: Advertising message; continuity, commercial
Key Terminologies script.
• Copywriter: One who writes commercial or
promotional copy
• Crossfade: Fade out of one element while
simultaneously introducing another.
• Splice: To join ends of recording tape with adhesive;
edit
• Fade: To slowly lower or raise volume level.
AM vs. FM (Radio)
AM (Amplitude Modulation) FM (Frequency Modulation)
Method of signal transmission Method of signal transmission
using 88-108 MHz band (longer
using Standard Broadcast band range, less prone to blockage)
with frequencies between 535
and 1705 kHz. (medium range,
prone to be blocked by urban
structures)
14
• Radio hosts are called RJ (radio jockeys)
• RJs enjoy a cult following and most of the
radio shows are personality driven shows
known by the RJs hosting them
• Even some shows are titled having names
of RJs
• Most of the RJs made it big into television
as VJs (video jockey) and actors
• Examples: Dost Kya Khel Hai with Dino (FM
RJs 91), It’s my show by Sahir Lodhi (FM 107.4),
Rush Hour with Wes Malik (City FM 89)
Drive On with Sophie (FM 91)
• Previously popular RJs: Fasi Zaka & Friends
show (satire), Tailer Made with Munib
Nawaz (FM 91), Azfar Mani show (FM96),
Ali Ansari (Dude Where is my song) and
Mariam Ansari
• Speech: RJ should be adequately familiar with
the language he/she is to deliver the message in.
• Accent: Must talk in an accent which is
Voice understandable by highest number of listeners.
Your listeners should agree with your
characteristics pronunciation, colloquial speech and the dialect.
of a good • Loudness: Don’t speak in a very low voice but
don’t be too loud either. Practice a standard
voice-level. If you speak louder, or cut down your
broadcaster/RJ voice volume, it may lead to all together different
meaning of what you are trying to say.
• Stretch: Know when to stretch a word to a
desired length to give it a different meaning.
• Stress: Like stretching, stress on a word, or a syllabi
like "I will see you", changes the meaning of speech.
Not only this, stress on a particular word in a
sentence fetches the same result.
• Pauses: Silence in between a regular speech pauses
as it is called as a term in verbal communication -
enhances the meaning of a word, situation and
attraction of the broadcast. A narration punctuated
Cont. with pauses is just the other way you may think of a
news-reading.
• There are more characteristics attached to a voice
like sharpness, mincing words and whispering. All
these are used in different areas of broadcasting not
only to add color but also the meaning. It is always
the skill of a producer to assign a certain piece of
broadcasting to a particular voice so that the
program succeeds in building up the listeners all
around.
Radio Program Proposal
• Name or title of program: • Delivery style:
• Length of show (minimum 60 minutes): • Resources required
• Genre or type of program: • Human:
• Equipment (Do you have your own setup, or do
• Brief description / synopsis: you need to use Campus Radio resources?):
• Location:
• Production method: Live Recorded Both • Production time (recording and editing):
• Target audience • Additional information: (Include schedule /
• Time of day: structure)
• Day(s) of the week: • Content of show (give a brief outline of items,
features and articles) or mention the questions
• Intended age of audience:
and issues to be raised during interviews
• Other target details:
• Styles of music to be used:
• Will your program use advertising to make a
• Show Presenters/Hosts profit? Yes No Maybe
• # of Hosts:
• Name/Descriptions of hosts: • Additional Details:
Graded Activity
To be held in class
End of Part 1
