General Mathematics

Quarter 1 – Chapter 1

Lesson 1:
Representation of
Functions
Lesson
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students must
be able to:
• define functions and related terms;
• determine if the given relation represents a
function;
• define piece-wise function; and
• represents real-life situations using
functions, including piece-wise functions.
1. It is the set of first coordinates.

RANGE

DOMAIN
ABSCISS
A
2. It is the set of second coordinates.

RANGE

DOMAIN
ABSCISS
A
3. Find the domain and range of the given
ordered pairs.
{ (1, -1), (2, -3), (0, 5), (-1, 3), (4, -5), (-1, 5),
(4, -4) }
DOMAIN: { -1, 0, 1, 2, 4 }

RANGE:
{ -5, -4, -3, -1, 3, 5 }
What is RELATION?
A relation is a set of ordered pairs. The
domain of a relation is the set of first
coordinates. The range is the set of second
coordinates.
Example of Relations:
1. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
2. {(4, 2), (4, -2), (9, 3), (9,3)}
3. {(1, a), (1, b), (1, c), (1,d)}
What is Functions?
A function is a relation in which each
element of the domain corresponds to
exactly one element of the range.

Examples of Functions:
1. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
2. {(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5,1)}
NOTE!

All FUNCTIONS are

relations, but NOT ALL
RELATIONS are functions.
How do you know
if the relation is a
function?
• A relation is a function only if it relates
each element in its domain to only one
element in the range.
• To identify a function from a relation, check
to see if any of the x values are repeated -
if not, it is a function. If any x values are
repeated, and the corresponding y values
are different, then we have a relation and
not a function.
Example 1
Determine if the following relations represent a
function.
1. {(q, 0), (w, 1), (e, 2), (t, 3)} FUNCTION
2. {(-1, -2), (0, -2), (1, -2), (2, -2)} FUNCTION
3. {(1, 0), (1,1), (1, 2), (1, -2)} NOT FUNCTION
4. {(x, 3), (y, 4), (z, 3), (w, 4)} FUNCTION
TYPES OF RELATION
• One to One Relation
• One to Many Relation
• Many to One Relation
 One to One Relation
- If one element of the domain corresponds
only to one element of the range.
DOMAIN RANGE

A X

B Y

C Z
 One to Many Relation
- If there is one element of the domain
corresponds to two or more elements of the
range.
DOMAIN RANGE

-3
-2
5
-1
8

4 9
 Many to One Relation
- If 2 or more elements of the domain
corresponds to one element of the range.

DOMAIN RANGE

1 D

2 B

3 A

DRILL
We said that for a relation to become a
function, the value of the domain must
correspond to a single value of the
range. Let’s read some of the
conversations and determine if they
can be classified as function or not.
Some Types of Functions
Linear Function
A function f is a linear function if f(x) = mx + b,
where m and b are real numbers, and m and f(x)
are not both equal to zero.

Quadratic Function
A quadratic function is any function of the form
f(x) = ax2+ bx + c where a, b, and c are real
numbers and a ≠ 0.
Some Types of Functions
Constant Function
A linear function f is a constant function if
f(x) = mx + b, where m = 0 and b is any real
number. Thus, f(x) = b.

Identity Function
A linear function f is an identity function if f(x) =
mx + b, where m = 1 and b = 0. Thus, f(x) = x.
Some Types of Functions

Absolute Value Function

The function f is an absolute value function if
for all real numbers x,
f(x) = a/x-h/+k
Piecewise Function
A piecewise function or a compound function is
a function defined by multiple sub-functions,
where each sub-function applies to a certain
interval of the main function's domain.
TRY THIS!
Evaluate the following:

f(x) = 4x + 5, if x<2
3x - 8, if x
≥2

Find: f(-2), f(2), and, f(5)

Example 1
Sketch the graph of the piecewise function.
What is f(– 4)? What is f(2)?

f(x) = x + 2, if x≥0
–x2+ 2, if x<
0
Solution to Example 1
To find the value of the function when x = – 4,
use the second equation.

f(– 4) = – (– 4)2+ 2 = – 16 + 2 = – 14

To find the value of the function when x = 2, use

the first equation.

f(2) = 2 + 2 = 4
Solution to Example 1
To the right of the y-axis, the graph is a line
that has a slope of 1 and y-intercept of 2. To
the left of the y-axis, the graph of the function
is a parabola that opens downward and whose
vertex is (0, 2).
To sketch the graph of the
function, you can lightly draw
both graphs. Then darken the
portion of the graph that
represents the function.
Exercise A
Determine whether or not each relation is a
function. Give the domain and range of each
relation.

1. {(2, 3), (4, 5), (6, 6)}

2. {(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3)}
3. {(6, 7), (6, 8), (7, 7), (7, 8)}
Exercise B
Tell whether the function described in each of
the following is a linear function, a constant
function, an identity function, an absolute value
function, ora piecewise function.

1. f(x) = 3x − 7
2. g(x) = 12
3. f(x) = 3, if x > −5
-6, if x < −5
Exercise B
Tell whether the function described in each of
the following is a linear function, a constant
function, an identity function, an absolute value
function, or a piecewise function.

4. 5.
Sample Problems:
1. The minimum fare for a jeepney ride is 9 pesos
for the first 4 kilometers. A fee of Php 1.00 will be
added per succeeding kilometer. Construct a
piecewise function for the fare and plot its graph.
2. A user is charged Php 300.00 monthly for a
particular module plan, which includes 100 free
text messages. Messages in excess of 100 are
charged Php 1.00 each. Represent the amount of
a consumer pays each month as a function of the
number of messages “m” sent in a month.
3. The cost of hiring a catering services to serve food
for a party is: Php 150.00 per head for 20 persons or
less, Php 130.00 per head for 21 to 50 persons and
Php 110.00 per head for 51 to 100 persons. For 100
or more persons, the cost is at Php 100.00 per head.
Represent the total cost as a piecewise function of
the number of attendees of the party.
4. An internet cafe has a flat rate of 15 pesos for the
first hour of playing, surfing, and the like. An
additional of 5 pesos for every hour excess
afterwards. Construct a mathematical model of a
charge c(x) where x represent the total number of
hours of playing in the internet café.
5. You have a summer job that pays time and a
half for overtime. That is, if you work more than
40 hours per week, your hourly wage for extra
hours is 1.5 times your normal hourly wage of
Php 30.00.
a. Write a piecewise function that gives your
weekly pay P in terms of the number of hours h
you work.
b. How much will you get paid if you work 45
hours?
Exercise C
A zumba instructor charges according to the number of
participants. If there are 15 participants or below, the
instructor charges ₱500.00 for each participant per
month. If the number of participants is between 15 and
30, he charges ₱400.00 for each participant per month. If
there are 30 participants or more, he charges ₱350.00 for
each participant per month.

1. Write the piecewise function that describes what the

instructor charges.
2. Graph the function.