REPRESENTATION OF
FUNCTIONS
RELATION
A relation is a set of ordered pairs. The domain of a
relation is the set of first coordinates. The range is the set
of second coordinates.
Example of Relations
1. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
2. {(4, 2), (4, -2), (9, 3), (9,3)}
3. {(1, a), (1, b), (1, c), (1,d)}
FUNCTION
A function is a relation in which each element of the
domain corresponds to exactly one element of the range.
Examples of Functions
1. {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
2. {(2, 1), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5,1)}
REVIEW
Determine if the following relations represent a
function.
1. {(q, 0), (w, 1), (e, 2), (t, 3)} FUNCTION
2. {(-1, -2), (0, -2), (1, -2), (2, -2)} FUNCTION
3. {(1, 0), (1,1), (1, 2), (1, -2)} NOT FUNCTION
4. {(x, 3), (y, 4), (z, 3), (w, 4)} FUNCTION
SOME TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
LINEAR FUNCTION
A function f is a linear function if f(x) = mx + b, where m
and b are real numbers, and m and f(x) are not both equal
to zero.
QUADRATIC FUNCTION
A quadratic function is any equation of the form f(x) = ax2
+ bx + c where a, b, and c are real numbers and a 0.
SOME TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
CONSTANT FUNCTION
A linear function f is a constant function if f(x) = mx + b,
where m = 0 and b is any real number. Thus, f(x) = b.
IDENTITY FUNCTION
A linear function f is an identity function if f(x) = mx + b,
where m = 1 and b = 0. Thus, f(x) = x.
SOME TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
ABSOLUTE VALUE FUNCTION
The function f is an absolute value function if for all real
numbers x,
f(x) = x, for x ≥ 0
–x, for x ≤ 0
PIECEWISE FUNCTION
A piecewise function or a compound function is a function
defined by multiple sub-functions, where each sub-function
applies to a certain interval of the main function's domain.
EXAMPLE 1
Sketch the graph of the given piecewise function. What is
f(– 4)? What is f(2)?
x + 2, if x ≥ 0
f(x) =
–x2+ 2, if x < 0
EXERCISE A
Determine whether or not each relation is a function. Give
the domain and range of each relation.
1. {(2, 3), (4, 5), (6, 6)} FUNCTION
2. {(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3)} NOT FUNCTION
3. {(6, 7), (6, 8), (7, 7), (7, 8)} NOT FUNCTION
EXERCISE B
Tell whether the function described in each of the following is
a linear function, a constant function, an identity function, an
absolute value function, or a piecewise function.
1. f(x) = 3x − 7 LINEAR FUNCTION
CONSTANT FUNCTION
2. g(x) = 12
3, if x > −5
3. f(x) = PIECEWISE FUNCTION
-6, if x < −5
EXERCISE B
Tell whether the function described in each of the following
is a linear function, a constant function, an identity function,
an absolute value function, or a piecewise function.
4. 5.
LINEAR FUNCTION ABSOLUTE VALUE FUNCTION
EXERCISE C
A Zumba instructor charges according to the number of
participants. If there are 15 participants or below, the instructor
charges ₱500.00 for each participant per month. If the number
of participants is between 15 and 30, he charges ₱400.00 for
each participant per month. If there are 30 participants or
more, he charges ₱350.00 for each participant per month.
Write the piecewise function that describes what the instructor
charges.
SOLUTION
{
500𝑥 ,𝑥 ≤15
𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) = ¿400 𝑥,15<𝑥<3 0
350𝑥 ,𝑥 ≥30
EXAMPLE 2
To sell more T-shirts, the class needs to charge a lower price
as indicated in the following table:
The price for which you can sell x printed T-shirts is called the
price function p(x). p(x) represents each data point in the
table.
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 2
STEP 1:
Find the slope m of the line using the slope formula
STEP 2:
Write the linear equation with two variables by substituting the values of m and (x 1, y1)
to the formula y – y1 = m(x – x1) – the point-slope form of a linear equation.
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 540 = −15 (x − 500)
y – 540 = −15 x + 100
y = − 15 x + 640
y = 640 – 0.2x
Thus, the price function is p(x) = 640 – 0.2x.
EXAMPLE 3
Find the dimensions of the largest
rectangular garden that can be
enclosed by 60 m of fencing.
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 3
Let x and y denote the lengths of the sides of the garden. Then the area A =
xy must be given its maximum value.
Express A in terms of a single variable, either x or y. The total perimeter is 60
meters.
2x + 2y = 60
x + y = 30
y = 30 – x
Hence,
A = xy
A = x(30 – x)
A = 30x – x2
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 3
Write this equation in the vertex form by completing the square.
A = –(x2– 30x + 225) + 225
A = –(x – 15)2 + 225
The maximum area is 225 square meters.
Since x = 15 (the width) and 30 – x = 15 (the length), the dimension
that gives the maximum area is 15 meters by 15 meters.
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 4
To the right of the y-axis, the graph is a line that has a slope
of 1 and y-intercept of 2. To the left of the y-axis, the graph
of the function is a parabola that opens downward and
whose vertex is (0, 2).
To sketch the graph of the function,
you can lightly draw both graphs.
Then darken the portion of the
graph that represents the function.
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE 4
To find the value of the function when x = – 4, use the
second equation.
f(– 4) = – (– 4)2 + 2 = – 16 + 2 = – 14
To find the value of the function when x = 2, use the first
equation.
f(2) = 2 + 2 = 4
