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The Cultures of Avatar: The Last Airbender

@atlaculture / atlaculture.tumblr.com

Dissecting the real life cultures that make up the show.
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Fire Lord Portraits Pt. 2: Azulon

Part 2 of my Fire Lord Portraits series! And it only took me 5 years to get around to it.

The two notable details of Azulon's portrait are the flower that he stands on and the turtle beneath the flower. The flower under him resembles a peony. Like the peony flower, the petals in his painting are short, layered and frilled. In Chinese culture, the peony is nicknamed "The King of Flowers" and is associated with prosperity. This is primarily because peonies were a popular motif in art from the Tang Dynasty, widely regarded as a golden age for China. Assuming that Fire Lords choose the symbols in their painting, this would indicate that Azulon likely viewed himself as someone who led his country into a golden age of prosperity. Admittedly, he likely did enrich the Fire Nation by extracting resources from the Earth Kingdom through military occupation and the colonies. Also, the peony is the symbol of the Keohso clan, the bloodline that Azulon hails from, so it can be inferred that he was very proud of his lineage.

According to the Avatar wiki, the commentary track for "The Avatar and the Fire Lord" (S3E6) clarifies that the turtle represents "...an animal that lives both on land and in water, signifying his military successes over both the Earth Kingdom and the Water Tribes."

Turtles also symbolize longevity and tenacity. This is actually pretty appropriate, as Azulon's entire reign was spent leading a world war for 72 years. Not to mention, he still managed to make it to age 95 and would have lived even longer if he hadn't been murdered. Considering how much leading a warmongering empire ages most people after only 8 years, Azulon managing to command an active military for over 70 years definitely showcased his longevity and tenacity.

The World Turtle, also called the Cosmic Turtle or the World-Bearing Turtle, is a mytheme of a giant turtle (or tortoise) supporting or containing the world. It occurs in Hinduism, Chinese mythology, and the mythologies of some of the indigenous peoples of the Americas.

Considering the Fire Nation's goals were ultimately to either dominate or destroy the other nations, depicting their leader and representative of their country standing on top of a turtle as if he is the world is pretty good symbolism. And if you're looking for the symbolism behind the scarf and halo, click here.

Also, his turtle has a really long neck and tail. Maybe it's a hybrid snake-turtle?

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Just a thought I had when seeing your building culture posts

I feel like Jalebi is such an air nomad style food. With the bright orange and swirled patterns, you can't tell me Aang wouldn't love it.

Additionally barfi feels like another air nomad dish. Perhaps it could be made with bison milk?

I know the air nomads are inspired by Tibetan monks, but as theres sprinkles of Hinduism and Indian culture in the show. So this is my thoughts as an Indian person

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I agree, I think these foods would work well for the Air Nomads. In fact, barfi and other Indian dairy desserts have been happily embraced by the Tibetan communities in India. Truthfully, the reason I limited my Air Nomad cuisine posts to mostly Tibetan food was to narrow the scope of my research. Really, any vegetarian dish from any culture could integrate well into the Air Nomad culture established by the show's canon.

The way I see it, there would realistically be two types of Air Nomad cuisine:

"Temple" Air Nomad Cuisine: This would be the cuisine that the Air Nomads developed within their temples, high up in the mountains. Like the Himalayas, this climate is good for growing barley, root vegetables (droma, potatoes, daikon, etc.), mushrooms, and certain strains of peppers. These would be the ingredients, along with sky bison dairy, that young Air Nomads would grow up enjoying.

"Local" Air Nomad Cuisine: My conception of the Air Nomads is that they were mostly sky bison herders with strong spiritual beliefs and ascetic practices. Their culture was viewed as quite mysterious by the other nations, but the average person (before Sozin's reign) regarded an Air Nomad's presence as bringing good luck to those around them. This was due to the commonly held belief that the Air Nomads were on good terms with the spirits, which was generally true--- Yangchen notwithstanding.

I establish all this worldbuilding to give context to the once flourishing vegetarian cuisines of the Avatar world. When an Air Nomad would stop by a town to purchase or trade for supplies, many villagers would rush to invite the monk over to their home for a meal--- some hoping for a blessing, others desiring spiritual guidance, and a clever few knowing that a well-traveled nomad is the best source for world news.

Although Air Nomads would humbly accept whatever food was offered to them, most villagers would go out of their way to prepare vegetarian dishes out of respect and hospitality. Thus, prior to the Hundred Year War, all nations had a thriving vegetarian culinary tradition that utilized their local ingredients. This came to be known colloquially as "local" Air Nomad food. Sometimes these dishes would become so popular with the nomads that temple elders would bemoan their people becoming too attached to these earthly pleasures.

I think both the Fire Nation and Earth Kingdom would have Indian-inspired vegetarian dishes that they would serve to an Air Nomad guest. The Water Tribe's vegetarian dishes were especially unique and labor-intensive, considered a special treat for any one of any nation. @mostly-mundane-atla has a great post on what WT vegetarian dishes would look like.

Just another Air Nomad headcanon that lives in rent-free in my brain. ^_^

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Anonymous asked:

someone else has probably asked you this already (i think you were tagged in one of their posts) but that black sleeveless shirt with the gold trim zuko wears in b1 (i think it was in the waterbending scroll episode) is there an office name for that top or would it just be called a sleeveless tunic?

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Favorite Foods: Toph

This is the toughest food post I've done yet.

Before Toph began sneaking out of her parents' home, I don't think she enjoyed eating very much. Meals in the Beifong household were a stuffy affair, dictated by innumerable rules of etiquette that Toph found tedious and exhausting. However, I do think she liked having teatime and snacks with her mom, who wasn't as insistent on policing her daughter's manners as Lao was. Other than that, I think most of Toph's positive food memories come from sampling street food in the area around the Earth Rumble arena. Each dish is linked to a recipe, by the way.

  1. Ròu jiā mó (肉夹馍) literally meaning "meat wedged between bread", is basically a Tang Dynasty hamburger. It's composed of chopped, seasoned meat sandwiched between two slices of flatbread called bái jí mó (白吉馍). The servants in Toph's home would make these burgers for themselves from the leftover bread and cuts of meat that the Beifongs didn't eat. Being cheap and greasy commoner's food, Lao (Toph's father) didn't allow her to have it. Of course, it didn't stop her from having a servant sneak one to her. After joining up with the Gaang, she makes a habit of always buying one whenever she smells a stall selling them.
  2. Tang guozi (唐果子) are no-bake cakes meant to be served with tea. They're typically made of bean paste and shaped to resemble flowers and fruits. Poppy and Toph would make these cakes together as a bonding activity. Poppy would would prepare the bean paste and then hand it off to Toph to mold into whatever she pleased... They weren't always cutest creations. Still, from sculpting to eating, the two were always able to enjoy every step of the process.
  3. Poached fruits and boiled nuts were another popular tea snack during the Tang Dynasty. Aside from bringing back warm tea-time memories, Toph also appreciates how simple they are to prepare. It's one of the few dishes Toph can make on her own. Her favorite combination is boiled chestnuts and pears poached with brown sugar.
  4. Gu louzi (古楼子) was a decadent meat pastry popular among the wealthy, particularly high-ranking military officials, during the Tang Dynasty. Gu louzi was made up of rich layers of lamb meat, cheese, and flatbread. The meat was typically served very rare, both for for its tenderness and to add moisture to the dry flatbread layers. Toph's father would often serve this dish when entertaining generals and other military elites. However, he refused to allow Toph to eat it, believing the heavy ingredients and under cooked meat would upset his "delicate" daughter's stomach. Naturally, Toph would always blow her Earth Rumble prize money on gu louzi every chance she got.
  5. & 6. Youtiao (油条) and tanghulu (糖葫蘆). Youtiao are Chinese crullers and tanghulu are candied fruits served on sticks. Both these foods were commonly sold at the Earth Rumble arena and quickly became Toph's go-to snacks after a match. Since Toph's household primarily served Tang Dynasty cuisine, the Song Dynasty snacks of youtiao and tanghulu were quite new and exciting to young Toph.

Fun fact: If you want an idea of what Tang Dynasty food tasted like, I would recommend finding a Chinese restaurant that serves Xi'an cuisine. Xi'an was the capital of the Tang Dynasty, when it was known as Chang'an.

Like what I’m doing? Tips always appreciated, never expected. ^_^

I’m wondering where do you get all this info from?? You must do an insane amount of research. Especially with like, clothing influences - do you just google “dress that looks vaguely like this” and see what pops up? Haha

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Aww, thank you! Funnily enough, the clothing posts are actually the easiest for me because the pictures do most of the work of explaining why something is cool or interesting. Less typing for me, haha.

The amount of research I do really varies; it could be anywhere from a quick skim of a Wikipedia article to face in hands while mumbling “This is insane. Why am I doing this? I’m insane.”

Generally speaking, anything Chinese, Japanese, or Korean is pretty easy to research. All three countries have really strong global presences and thriving tourism industries, so you can find a lot of English-language websites describing their traditional clothing and customs. The tumblr users nannaia, ziseviolet, and guzhuangheaven are great resources for learning about traditional Chinese clothing and culture. Wikipedia is actually really thorough about documenting Japanese and Korean culture; probably because Korean dramas and anime are both wildly popular in the West. Tanuki-Kimono is also a great resource for traditional Japanese fashion and arts.

Southeast Asia is a lot harder to research. Mostly, I can spot SE Asian things in Avatar because I grew up around SE Asian culture. But finding proper terminology for it on the internet is still pretty difficult, so I mostly just rely on pictures from cultural festivals and performances and clothing catalogs to get across my observations. Nannaia is also a pretty great resource for Vietnamese clothing, specifically.

Tibetan and other Himalayan cultures are about on the same level of research difficulty as Southeast Asia. Nonetheless, I still really enjoy researching them because Tibetan clothing is so colorful and intricate, and their lifestyles are very distinct from East and Southeast Asia. At the same time, when I come across certain practices of their’s that I can relate to, it makes me realize, “Oh, I guess that must be a Buddhist thing.” Himalayan Art is a great resource for identifying Tibetan art and clothing. Mongolian culture is also similarly interesting to me, combined with them having some of my favorite folk music.

Asian-Folk-Wardrobe is an overall fantastic archive of various traditional Asian dress.

Finally, looking into Indigenous anything definitely falls under “insane amounts of research”. I try to be very, very careful when researching indigenous cultures because it’s so outside of my cultural wheelhouse. Mostly I try to stick to information from museum websites, online textbooks, various translation dictionaries, and academic journals. Mostly-Mundane-ATLA is of Inupiat descent and is very knowledgeable about Alaska’s arctic cultures.

The biggest hurdle I face when researching Indigenous cultures is there is such a strong financial incentive for people to outright lie. There are countless websites out there that claim to sell “Authentic Native Weapons/Jewelry/Clothing” and will literally just makeup a “cultural” backstory for whatever they’re trying to sell. You can usually distinguish these websites by their tendency to namedrop only the most well-known Native peoples and treat those people groups like they’re a monolith, such as Navajo or Cherokee. They’re the online equivalent to the traveling snake oil salesmen.

Like what I’m doing? Tips always appreciated, never expected. ^_^

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Cultural Cuisine: Seaweed Noodles

In LoK's fifth episode, Bolin takes Korra to a Southern Water Tribe restaurant called Narook's Seaweed Noodlery. Judging by how thick and green the noodles are, they most closely resemble wakame udon noodles. Wakame, also known as "sea mustard", is a type of edible seaweed (kelp) native to Northeast Asia and udon is a chewy Japanese noodle made from wheat flour. Wakame udon noodles are made by kneading wakame paste into udon dough. The result is a vivid green noodle with a mild and savory flavor. This style of noodles is a specialty of Japan's Awaji Island, although you can also buy dried sea mustard noodles from Korea.

Since seaweed is a popular ingredient in both East Asian and Inuit cuisine, it makes sense to feature it in a Water Tribe dish. Since Kyoshi Island is inspired by Japan, my head canon is that the dish was introduced to the SWT by Suki. Since nations were able to more easily trade after the war, wheat flour became common enough for Southern Water Tribers to start putting their own spin on the dish, such as using species of kelp native to the Arctic. I'd like to think that seaweed noodles came to represent the SWT's post-war culture and prosperity.

As for the broth and toppings, perhaps five-flavor soup with some stewed sea prunes?

Most officers: Fire Lord Zuko is great!

Ozai loyalists: Zuko? More like. Sucko. Go Ozai

Admiral Chan: That motherfucker invited himself to my son's party, broke my mother's vase because he was jealous, was told to leave, left, and then came back to burn down my vacation home.

Zuko: i keep telling you it was a rough period in my life

OP youre hiding gold in those tags

Accurate.

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Just a collage of some distinctive hairstyles I’ve seen in photographs of Circumpolar women. Sources:

  1. Top Left: Portrait of two Labrador Inuit women
  2. Top Middle: Photograph of a Yupik woman named Wegaruk
  3. Top Right: Illustration of a Greenlander woman from Angmagssalik
  4. Bottom Left: Photograph of three Inupiat girls
  5. Bottom Middle: Photograph of Alaskan woman
  6. Bottom Right:  Photograph of Eva Akpalialuk in Pangnirting, Canada
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Some reference pictures of traditional arctic coats by region, for people who struggle with designing Water Tribe clothing (like myself). These are all female parkas.

Collage 1: Alaska

Collage 2: Canada

Collage 3: Greenland

Collage 4: Various regions

The last collage is of beaded amauti (baby-carrying parkas), which are typically worn during special occasions due to how elaborate they are. In some areas, they’re given as wedding gifts.

Like what I’m doing? Tips always appreciated, never expected. ^_^

Katara basically wears drawers consisting of wrappings as lower body under clothing. Did any cultures in real life ever do this?

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I have a whole post about it here:

Yes, Katara (and Sokka)'s undergarments come from Japanese culture. These cloth wraps are known as sarashi (晒し) and the loin cloth undies are specifically called fundoshi ().

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Cultural Fashion: Fire Nation Top Knots

The Fire Nation’s iconic top knots appear to be inspired by the top knots worn during China’s Qin Dynasty (秦朝), 221 to 206 BC. Like the soldiers of Qin, the people of the Fire Nation tend to knot their hair into looped and somewhat loose buns.

Among the many periods of Chinese history, the stereotype of the Qin Dynasty is that it was very militant and expansionist so it’s a fitting inspiration for the Fire Nation.

Like what I’m doing? Tips always appreciated, never expected. ^_^

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Cultural Anatomy: Toph’s Fancy Dress

The fancy dress that we see Toph wearing in “The Blind Bandit” is called a heziqun (诃子裙). A hezi is a strapless garment, somewhat like a tube top, that is meant to be worn over a qun, a flowing skirt. The final component of the dress are the silky sleeves called zhai xiu (窄袖) or “narrow sleeves” (as opposed to wide, draping sleeves). A ribbon is tied under the bust to hide the seam between the hezi and qun, as well as to further secure the garments to the body. The long, thin scarf that you see wrapped around the arms and behind the back is called a pibo (披帛). Overall, combined with her glamorous Gao Ji bun, Toph’s home look would’ve been considered the cutting edge of fashion during late Tang Dynasty China. I really like the inclusion of the flower embroidery on Toph’s hezi, it really stays true to the style of these dresses.

This particular design actually has a very special place in my heart because it was the catalyst for the creation of this blog last year. I was genuinely impressed by the historical accuracy of Toph and her family’s clothes and home that it motivated me to do further research on the other elements of the show. I can honestly say that the deeper I dig into the series, the more I get out of it. I’ve learned so much from researching a children’s cartoon I used to watch as a teenager. ^_^;;;

If you’d like to see what heziqun look like in motion, click here and here.

Like what I’m doing? Tips always appreciated, never expected. ^_^

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Anonymous asked:

Have you broken down each peice of Toph’s normal outfit? If so, what’s the cream tunic thingy called?

Cultural Fashion: Toph's Tunic

Toph's yellow tunic has always been a bit of a mystery to me. It vaguely resembles a changshan, but it's cut way too short. To be honest, what it looks like most to me is a Manchu horse-riding vest (magua), but with slits added to the sides.

Maybe Toph's tunic was originally an old riding vest that belonged to her father? Since Nicholas Cage Lao is rather tall and Toph is quite short, his vest on Toph becomes a dress. Add some slits for ease of movement and you have the Blind Bandit's iconic robe.

The low collar on her tunic is also reminiscent of the style of collars popular in late 19th-century China. Perhaps the vest was originally a Ba Sing Se import?

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Cultural Fashion: The Nomads Pt. 2

AKA “The Secret Tunnel Hippies”. I did not expect one-off joke characters to have such interesting cultural origins behind their designs, but Avatar always finds a way to hit me with wonderfully unexpected cultural details.

Now on to Chong’s equally-as-spacey wife, Lily! The first thing that struck me about her design is the turban-like head wrap she wears. Although there was an event in Chinese history known in English as the “Red Turban Rebellion”, turbans have never been a staple of Han Chinese fashion, especially not for women.

However, there is an ethnic group originally from China that is known for wearing dark head wraps that resemble turbans: Hmong Daw or White Hmong. Specifically the Hmong Daw from Xieng Khouang, Laos. Once I realized where Lily’s “turban” came from, the rest of her outfit suddenly made sense. The predominantly black color scheme always seemed out of place for such a carefree and easygoing character, but it makes sense if it’s inspired by the look of traditional Hmong Daw clothing.

Note the predominantly black shirt with colorful trim, the elbow-length sleeves, the waist-high sash, the bell-shaped skirt, the flats, and the head wrap. Pretty much the only major accessories that Lily is missing are the apron and the jewelry.

One can’t help but notice that both Chong and Lily’s design influences are from cultures/ethnic groups that have been pushed out of of their ancestral homelands by Chinese expansion.

Quoting @polteageist25-blog’s replies to this post:

I’m so so so late to the party but, as a Hmong person myself her turban is actually one of the only parts of her outfit that’s traditionally White Hmong. She actually seems to reference multiple Hmong communities all over Asia. Her skirt actually more resembles Green Hmong, Same with her jacket that resembles the styles of Green/Blue Hmong and Black Hmong in Vietnam known for their shoulder and arm embroidery like the jacket she’s shown wearing. Hmong Dawb are called white Hmong due to the fact that they don’t decorate their skirts leaving them a pure white while other Hmong do. But I don’t blame you at all for the confusion. Today Hmong people mix and match the various cultures together just because it looks pretty but because of that traditions and histories have been lost. The irl pictures you used are an example of that too. But anyways sorry for rambling about my culture like a bajillion years late, I’m just kinda excited to know we were represented somehow in popular media lol. Oh, and I forgot to mention some facts about some of the articles of clothing. The striped ribbon on Hmong turbans actually signified the wearer’s availability to marry (kinda like a Furisode) lily has a pink one that realistically wouldn’t stay on quite well without pins as there’s a certain way to wrap it on lol. Traditionally unmarried women would wear the ribbon then take it off after marriage but today that has been turned into an aesthetic rather than a practical thing and now prettied turban style hats mostly come with it already on. Also the missing Apron and Necklace would’ve been a nice detail too as one serves as a practical clothing item and the other as a symbolic item. Hmong skirts traditionally were made of a bolt of fabric as long as 7 meters (22 feet) and were dyed/embroidered then pleated by hand taking at least 3 months to finish one skirt. Being wrap skirts there’s usually access unfinished fabric at the end that would stick out in the front looking messy, or if the skirt was too short it would open in the front when you walked or sat down so the apron known as a Sev was worn over the front as extra protection/modesty and to hide anything else lol. Moving onto the missing necklace, Hmong necklaces called sauv (translates to lock) were once the chains and shackles/identifiers used on the Hmong during the Chinese persecution and oppression of the Hmong and other ethnic people of china. Nowadays it serves as a reminder of the lives that suffered and were lost long ago, taking that pain and making something beautiful of it.

Really wanted to highlight these replies. I’ll add these corrections to the original post. This is also a perfect example of why first-hand sources are so important. My post was made based on what I saw growing up near the Hmong community. However, because my observations came from an outsider’s perspective, I didn’t understand the evolution of the current Hmong dress or the nuance of why the traditional dress is constructed as it is.

The part about Hmong necklaces is especially interesting, because the jewelry of Miao people (the Chinese government’s label for Hmong and other related ethnic groups) is currently popular with the Hanfu community in China, necklaces included.

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Anonymous asked:

Hi! Your blog is a real help for me since I'm working on a bunch of redesigns for ATLA characters. I have a question, do you happen to know if the painted lady's dress is based off anything in particular or is it just rule of cool. I personally can't find anything but I want to be sure. Thank you.

Sadly, the Painted Lady's outfit isn't based on any particular culture or time period. When it came to humanoid spirits in ATLA, it was all about the rule of cool. However, the Painted Lady's veiled hat is inspired by historical fashion:

So if you're interested in redesigning her, you could draw inspiration from China's Sui and early Tang Dynasty or Japan's Heian era.

In China, the veiled hat is called a mili. @ziseviolet is a great resource for Sui and Tang fashion:

In Japan, the veiled hat (ichimegasa) is one component of a mushi no tareginu or [noblewoman's] "traveling attire" outfit. So it might be helpful to try leaning into those design elements:

  1. 虫の垂衣 - Google Search
  2. Mushi no tareginu - Google Search
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