feat: Support Node 24

[AbhiPrasad]

resolves #16058

Profiling binary bump: getsentry/sentry-javascript-profiling-node-binaries#12

[timfish]

The new unit test failure is horrible 🤯

 FAIL  test/integrations/google-cloud-http.test.ts [ test/integrations/google-cloud-http.test.ts ]
TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'prototype')
 ❯ Object.<anonymous> ../../node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/index.js:37:35
 ❯ Object.<anonymous> ../../node_modules/jwa/index.js:1:19

[AbhiPrasad]

We're running into two issues:

1. Google Cloud Serverless Node 24 Unit Tests: https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/actions/runs/14913821156/job/41895096782?pr=16236

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Failed Suites 1 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

 FAIL  test/integrations/google-cloud-http.test.ts [ test/integrations/google-cloud-http.test.ts ]
TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'prototype')
 ❯ Object.<anonymous> ../../node_modules/buffer-equal-constant-time/index.js:37:35
 ❯ Object.<anonymous> ../../node_modules/jwa/index.js:1:19

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯[1/1]⎯

 Test Files  1 failed | 5 passed (6)
      Tests  31 passed (31)
   Start at  19:01:43
   Duration  3.99s (transform 1.32s, setup 0ms, collect 7.68s, tests 151ms, environment 2ms, prepare 787ms)

2. Remix Node 24 Tests: https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/actions/runs/14913821156/job/41895096659?pr=16236

SyntaxError: The requested module '@sentry/core' does not provide an export named 'Event'
SyntaxError: The requested module '@sentry/core' does not provide an export named 'Event'
SyntaxError: The requested module '@sentry/core' does not provide an export named 'Event'
SyntaxError: The requested module '@sentry/core' does not provide an export named 'Event'
SyntaxError: The requested module '@sentry/core' does not provide an export named 'Event'
SyntaxError: The requested module '@sentry/core' does not provide an export named 'Event'
SyntaxError: The requested module '@sentry/core' does not provide an export named 'Event'
SyntaxError: The requested module '@playwright/test' does not provide an export named 'Page'

error Command failed with exit code 1.
info Visit https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/cli/run for documentation about this command.
error Command failed with exit code 1.
info Visit https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/cli/run for documentation about this command.
error Command failed with exit code 1.
info Visit https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/cli/run for documentation about this command.
ERROR: "test:integration:client:ci" exited with 1.
error Command failed with exit code 1.
info Visit https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/cli/run for documentation about this command.

Not sure why this is failing now - stale reference? I'll try clearing CI first.

[AbhiPrasad]

Disabled Remix node 24 integration tests and google cloud serverless unit tests on Node 24 to unblock merging this in.

Will create two issues to follow up on this, but we should try to get this released asap!